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Insects do not have (1) vision as sharp as that of mammals or birds. The insect
compound eye is more familiar to movement and so it cannot (2) precisely position
distant objects. So, insects tend to take a rather unsteady flight path to navigate to a
particular object. For example, in order to locate the caterpillar, the wasp needs to
balance the odour signals (3) received by its two antennae.
1. Earlier/previously/subsequently
2. Bothered pested doubted
3. Watched/instigated/inspired
4. Careless/desensitized/deliberative
5. Essence/understanding/suffering
The roots of our modern scientific tradition can be traced back to the Babylonians
who began to predict weather from cloud formations and, more particularly, the
Ancient Greeks. As is the case in so many other fields, Aristotle is considered to
have founded the modern science of meteorology when he correctly identified
the hydrologic cycle in 350 BC. This cycle, which describes the continuous
movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth, is fundamental to
much of modern weather forecasting. However, Aristotle himself and his follower
and pupil Theophrastus largely failed to make the connection between the water
cycle and weather forecasting and their science was scarcely more reliable than the
aboriginal rain dance. Indeed, the word meteorology literally means the study of
heavenly bodies and the Greeks attempted to explain weather conditions through
heavenly signs such as colours of the sky, rings and halos.
The influence of Aristotle on weather forecasting lasted for almost 2000 years and
was only gradually eroded by a combination of a series of scientific discoveries and
advances in communication technology. One important step forward was made in
1654 when Fernando de Medici set up the first weather observation network with
meteorological stations in eleven separate European cities. When this data was
centrally collected in Florence, it became possible to analyse weather patterns on a
grander scale than ever before by allowing maps to be produced that showed
atmospheric conditions over a large area of the Earths surface. The invention of the
telegraph in 1837 allowed such observations to be collected more quickly and from a
wider region than ever before and as a consequence meteorologists were able to
identify the global nature of weather patterns.
ANSWERS
1) a) founded 2) b) ensuring 3) b) landowners 4) c) under 5) a) dissolved 6) a) fortune 7) b) received 8) a) ideals 9) c) returned
10) d) figure 11) a) generous 12) b) walk
The Pitcairn Islands are in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway
1)_________
in 1767 by the British and settled in 1790 by the mutineers from the English
3) _____________
ship 'Bounty' and their Tahitian companions. Pitcairn was the Pacific
4) _____________
island to become a British colony (in 1838) and today the last vestige of
5) _____________
the British empire in the South Pacific. The population of about 50 are the
of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian wives. English is the official
6) _____________
language, but many islanders communicate in Pitcairnese (a pidgin language comprising of elements
of 18th century English and a Tahitian dialect).
and postage stamps. The fertile soil of the valleys produces a wide of
8) _____________
fruits and vegetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams, and beans. Bartering
is an part of the economy. The major sources of revenue are the sale
9) ________________