Faq

301

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QUESTION:
Generally we have different Ts. How can we choose which hydraulic separator to install between the
primary and secondary circuit?

ANSWER:
The hydraulic separator is composed of a primary and secondary circuit.
- The primary circuit is connected to the energy source
- The secondary circuit is prearranged for rational thermal energy distribution
to the different users.

The hydraulic separator can be employed in endless types of systems using different
energy sources. Here we show a few examples where the thermal head between
delivery and return is required to be within the operating and mechanical safety limits
of the primary energy system:

High temperature boilers T = 70-80C T = 15-20C

Condensing boilers T = 65-70C T = 30-35C
District heating T = 80-110C T = 25-30C
Heat exchangers T = 65-90C T = 20-25C
Heat pumps Hydraulic
T = 5C T = 7C separator
Art. 7165

When using the primary energy, the secondary circuit dictates its own rules according to the user
system. Consequently, the following will be possible:

Two-pipe heating system, with shut-off valves T = 50-55C T = 10-12C

Two-pipe heating system, with thermostatic valves T = 50-55C T = 12-15C
Fan coil heating T = 55-60C T = 20C
Floor heating T = 30-45C T = 4-7C
Ceiling heating T = 30-45C T = 3-7C
Wall heating T = 30-35C T = 3-5C
Air-conditioning T= 5C T = 7C
Floor/ceiling cooling T = 15-19C T = 5-3C
Wall cooling T = 17-20C T = 5-3C

With the hydraulic separator we can talk about thermal (hot or cold) fluid flow rate. The energy power
depends on the thermal head between delivery and return.

The hydraulic separator calculations are made in relation to the thermal fluid flow rate of the secondary
circuit which always has a lower T compared to that of the primary circuit.
From the flow rate formula:

!" 0.862 1,000

! !/ = = 2.826 ! ! !
!

The diameter of the branch unions is obtained as follows:

!" 0.862 1,000

!=
2.826 ! !
Example 1
Calculating the secondary circuit:
Two-pipe system kWh = 60 T = 15C v = (of the central system) 1.2m/s

60 0.862 1,000
!= = 32 !! (11/4)
2.826 15 1.2

Calculating the primary circuit:

Condensing boiler kWh= 60 system efficiency 85% T = 30C
v = 1.2 m/s

60 0.862 1,000
!= = 25 !! (1)
2.826 30 1.2 0.85

Note: the size of the hydraulic separator is chosen on the basis of

the secondary circuit.

Example 2: residential unit on 3 levels.

Condensing boiler temperature T = 65C

- Basement room circulator unit for fan coil heating

Absorbed power 11,000 kcal/h = 12.8 kW
Pump capacity (T = 20C) 550 L/h

- Ground floor circulator unit for radiant panel heating with temperature control
Absorbed power 6,000 kcal/h = 7 kW
Pump capacity (T = 7C) 857 L/h
Bleed-off rate (30%) 857 x 0.3 = 257 L/h
- First floor circulator unit radiant panel heating with temperature control
Absorbed power 7,400 kcal/h = 8.6 kW
Pump capacity (T = 7C) 1,057 L/h
Bleed-off rate (30%) 1,057 x 0.3 = 317 L/h Gruppo di rilancio
Art. 5535G
Sum of thermal energy absorbed by the secondary circuit:
11,000 + 6,000 + 7,400 = 24,400 Kcal/h = 28.4 kW
Sum of circulator unit supply circuits flow rates:
550 + 257 + 317 = 1,124 L/h

Thermal head in the secondary circuit supply:

T = 24,400 / 1,124 = 22C
Thermal energy required by the primary circuit on the basis of an 85%
system efficiency and a 95% boiler efficiency:
24,400 / (0.85 x 0.95) = 30,200 kcal/h = 35.12 kW

Thermal head required T = 30C

Pump capacity 30,200/30 = 1,006 L/h
Boiler temperature T = 65C Circulator unit
Primary circuit return temperature T = 65-30 = 35C Art. 5535G3P
 Secondary circuit average delivery temperature T = 35+22 = 57C

Calculation of the primary and secondary circuit diameters on the basis of a v speed = 1.2 m/s:

primary piping diameter =

1,006
!= = 18 !! (1!! )
2.826 1.2

secondary piping diameter =

1,124
!= = 18 !! (1!! )
2.826 1.2

Therefore:

Hydraulic
separator
Art. 7165

Art. 5538G3M6

Here is another example with circulator units

with a total flow rate of 3300 L/h, operating
with fan coils.
The system requires the use of a 11/4
manifold and 21/2 coplanar manifold, as
T22C DT30 shown in the picture here below.
C

21/2 brass coplanar

manifold
11/2 circulator unit
gruppi di rilancio d=1 ports

11/4
1 1

T20C

1 Art. 5540G3M6
11/4
T20C
1