Introduction to Volleyball

Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams

of six players are separated by a net. Each
team tries to score points by grounding a ball
on the other team's court under organized
rules. It has been a part of the official
program of the Summer Olympic Games since
1964.
The complete rules are extensive. But simply,
play proceeds as follows: a player on one of
the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball
(tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with
a hand or arm), from behind the back
boundary line of the court, over the net, and
into the receiving team's court. The receiving
team must not let the ball be grounded within
their court. The team may touch the ball up to
3 times but individual players may not touch
the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first
two touches are used to set up for an attack,
an attempt to direct the ball back over the net
in such a way that the serving team is unable
to prevent it from being grounded in their
court.
A number of consistent techniques have
evolved in volleyball,
including spiking and blocking (because these
plays are made above the top of the net,
the vertical jump is an athletic skill
emphasized in the sport) as well as passing
and setting and specialized player positions
and offensive and defensive structures.
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams
of six players are separated by a net. Each
team tries to score points by grounding a ball
on the other team's court under organized
rules. It has been a part of the official
program of the Summer Olympic Games since
1964.
The complete rules are extensive. But simply,
play proceeds as follows: a player on one of
the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball
(tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with
a hand or arm), from behind the back
boundary line of the court, over the net, and
into the receiving team's court. The receiving
team must not let the ball be grounded within
their court Typically, the first two touches are
used to set up for an attack, an attempt to
direct the ball back over the net in such a way
that the serving team is unable to prevent it
from being grounded in their court.

History
 William G. Morgan

Origin of volleyball

On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke,

Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan,
a YMCA physical education director, created a
new game called Mintonette as a pastime to
be played (preferably) indoors and by any
number of players. The game took some of its
characteristics from tennis and handball.
Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching
on in the area, having been invented just ten
miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city
of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years
before. Mintonette was designed to be an
indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for
older members of the YMCA, while still
requiring a bit of athletic effort.
The first rules, written down by William G
Morgan, called for a net 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)
high, a 25 ft 50 ft (7.6 m 15.2 m) court,
and any number of players. A match was
composed of nine innings with three serves
for each team in each inning, and no limit to
the number of ball contacts for each team
before sending the ball to the opponents'
court. In case of a serving error, a second try
was allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was
considered a foul (with loss of the point or a
side-out)except in the case of the first-try
serve.
After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the
volleying nature of the game at its first
exhibition match in 1896, played at the
International YMCA Training School (now
called Springfield College), the game quickly
became known as volleyball. Volleyball rules
were slightly modified by the International
YMCA Training School and the game spread
around the country to various YMCAs.
 Refinements and later
developments

Japanese American women playing

volleyball, Manzanar internment camp,
California, ca. 1943
The first official ball used in volleyball is
disputed; some sources say that Spalding
created the first official ball in 1896, while
others claim it was created in 1900. The rules
evolved over time: in the Philippines by 1916,
the skill and power of the set and spike had
been introduced, and four years later a "three
hits" rule and a rule against hitting from the
back row were established. In 1917, the game
was changed from 21 to 15 points. In 1919,
about 16,000 volleyballs were distributed by
the American Expeditionary Forces to their
troops and allies, which sparked the growth of
volleyball in new countries.
The first country outside the United States to
adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900. An
international federation, the Fdration
Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), was
founded in 1947, and the first World
Championships were held in 1949 for men
and 1952 for women. The sport is now
popular in Brazil, in Europe (where especially
Italy, the Netherlands, and countries
from Eastern Europe have been major forces
since the late 1980s), in Russia, and in other
countries including China and the rest of Asia,
as well as in the United States.

Volleyball in Olympics
The history of Olympic volleyball can be
traced back to the 1924 Summer
Olympics in Paris, where volleyball was played
as part of an American sports demonstration
event. Its addition to the Olympic program,
however, was given only after World War II,
with the foundation of the FIVB and of some of
the continental confederations. In 1957, a
special tournament was held during the 53rd
IOC session in Sofia, Bulgaria, to support such
request. The competition was a success, and
the sport was officially introduced in 1964.
The Olympic Committee initially dropped
volleyball for the 1968 Olympics, meeting
protests.
The volleyball Olympic tournament was
originally a simple competition, whose format
paralleled the one still employed in the World
Cup: all teams played against each other
team and then were ranked by number of
wins, set average and point average. One
disadvantage of this round-robin system is
that medal winners could be determined
before the end of the games, making the
audience loses interest in the outcome of the
remaining matches.
To cope with this situation, the competition
was split into two phases: a "final round" was
introduced, consisting of quarterfinals,
semifinals and finals. Since its creation
in 1972, this new system has become the
standard for the volleyball Olympic
tournament, and is usually referred to as the
"Olympic format".
The number of teams involved in the games
has grown steadily since 1964. Since 1996,
both men's and women's indoor events count
12 participant nations. Each of the five
continental volleyball confederations has at
least one affiliated national federation
involved in the Olympic Games.

Worldwide Growth
The physical education directors of the YMCA,
encouraged particularly by two professional
schools of physical education, Springfield
college in Massachusetts and George Williams
College in Chicago (now at Downers Grove,
Illinois), adopted volleyball in all its societies
throughout the United States, Canada (in
1900 Canada became the first foreign country
to adopt the game), and also in many other
countries: Elwood S. Brown in the Philippines
(1910), J. Howard Crocker in China, Franklin H.
Brown in Japan (1908), Dr. J.H. Gray in Burma,
in China and in India, and others in Mexico
and South American, European and African
countries.

By 1913 the development of volleyball on the

Asian continent was assured as, in that year,
the game was included in the programme of
the first Far-Eastern Games, organized in
Manila. It should be noted that, for a long
time, Volleyball was played in Asia according
to the "Brown" rules which, among other
things, used 16 players (to enable a greater
participation in matches).

An indication of the growth of volleyball in the

United States is given in an article published
in 1916 in the Spalding Volleyball Guide and
written by Robert C. Cubbon. In that article
Cubbon estimated that the number of players
had reached a total of 200,000 people
subdivided in the following way: in the YMCA
(boys, young men, and older men) 70,000, in
the YWCA (girls and women) 50,000, in
schools (boys and girls) 25,000 and in
colleges (young men) 10,000.

In 1916, the YMCA managed to induce the

powerful National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA) to publish its rules and a
series of articles, contributing to the rapid
growth of volleyball among young college
students. In 1918 the number of players per
team was limited to six, and in 1922 the
maximum number of authorized contacts with
the ball was fixed at three.

Until the early 1930s volleyball was for the

most part a game of leisure and recreation,
and there were only a few international
activities and competitions. There were
different rules of the game in the various
parts of the world; however, national
championships were played in many countries
(for instance, in Eastern Europe where the
level of play had reached a remarkable
standard).

Volleyball thus became more and more a

competitive sport with high physical and
technical performance.
 Basic volleyball rules
Volleyball is a complex game of simple skills.
The ball is spiked from up to 60 cm above the
height of a basketball hoop (about 3.65
metres) and takes fractions of a second to
travel from the spiker to the receiver. That
means the receiver must assess incoming
angle, decide where to pass the ball and then
control their pass in the blink of an eye. A
purely rebound sport (you can't hold the ball),
volleyball is a game of constant motion.

A team can touch the ball three times on its

side of the net. The usual pattern is a dig (an
underarm pass made with the forearms), a set
(an overhead pass made with the hands) and
a spike (the overhead attacking shot). The ball
is served into play. Teams can also try to block
the opponent's spike as it crosses the net. A
block into your own court counts as one of
your three touches in beach volleyball, but
not in volleyball.

Power and height have become vital

components of international teams, but the
ability of teams and coaches to devise new
strategies, tactics and skills has been crucial
for continued success.
There are six players on court in a
volleyball team, who each must rotate one
position clockwise every time their team
wins back service from the opposition.
Only the three players at the net positions
can jump and spike or block near the net.
The backcourt players can only hit the ball
over the net if they jump from behind the
attack line, also known as the three-metre
line, which separates the front and back
part of the court.
Volleyball has developed into a very
specialized sport. Most teams will include
in their starting line-up a setter, two
centre blockers, two receiver-hitters and a
universal spiker. Only certain players will
be involved with service reception. Players
will also have specialist positions for
attack and defense. Substitutions are
allowed during the game.
Since 1998, volleyball has been using a
new scoring system. Teams scored a point
on every rally (Rally Point System),
 regardless of which team served.
Formerly, a team could only win a point if
it served the ball. Winning the serve back
from the opposition was known as a side-
out.
Matches are played best of five sets. The
first four sets are played to 25 points, with
the final set being played to 15 points. A
team must win a set by two points. There
is no ceiling, so a set continues until one
of the teams gains a two-point advantage.
Previously, all sets were to 15 points, with
the first four sets having a ceiling of 17
and the final set requiring at least a two-
point winning advantage.
In 1998, the FIVB introduced a new
specialist role: the libero. This player
wears a different coloured uniform from
the rest of the team and can be
substituted in backcourt for any player on
the team. The libero cannot serve, spike
the ball over the net or rotate into the
front-line positions, but plays a vital role
for the team in serve reception and
backcourt defense. There must be at least
one point played between a libero
 substituting off for a player and going
back on the court for another player
hence he/she cannot be on the court for
the whole game. The libero has added an
extra dimension to backcourt defense,
improving the reception of teams,
lengthening the rallies and giving a vital
role to shorter players.

THE SERVE
1. Server must serve from behind the
restraining line (end line) until after
contact.
2. Ball may be served underhand or
overhand.
3. Ball must be clearly visible to
opponents before serve.
4. Served ball may graze the net and
drop to the other side.
5. First game serve is determined by a
coin toss. Game 2 will be served by the
receiving team in game 1. If match goes
to a 3rd game, new coin toss will
determine serving team.
6. If best of 5 game matches: Game 2, 3,
a 4 will trade off between teams. If teams
go to game 5, serve will go to winner of a
new coin toss.
7. Serve must be returned by a pass or
set only. Serve cannot be blocked or
attacked.

SCORING
1. Rally scoring- which means there will
be a point awarded on every won rally.
2. Offense will score on a defensive miss,
out of bounds hit, or blocker touches the
top of the net.
3. Defense will score on an offensive
miss, out of bounds hit, serve into the net
or hitter touches top of the net.
4. Game will be played to 25 pts. Game 3
is played to 15.
5. Must win by 2 points, unless a point
cap has been placed.
 ROTATION
1. Team will rotate after each side out. A
side out is when the team on serve
receive wins the point to earn the right to
serve.
2. Players shall rotate in a clockwise
manner.
3. There shall be 6 players on each side.

PLAYING THE GAME (VOLLEY)

1. Maximum of three hits per side.
2. Player may not hit the ball twice in
succession (A block is not considered a
hit).
3. Ball may be played off the net during a
volley and on serve.
4. A ball touching any part of the
boundary line is considered in.
5. A legal hit is contact with the ball by
any part of the players body which does
not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.
6. A player must not block or attack a
serve.

BASIC VIOLATIONS
1. Stepping on or over the line on a
serve.
2. Failure to serve the ball over the net
successfully.
3. Hitting the ball illegally (Carrying,
Palming, Throwing, etc.).
4. Touches of the top of the net only with
any part of the body while the ball is in
play. Players may contact the net below
the top of the net (the tape) at any time. If
the ball is driven into the net with such
force that it causes the net to contact an
opposing player, no foul will be called, and
the ball shall continue to be in play.
5. Reaching over the net, except under
these conditions:
1 - When executing a follow-through.

2 - When blocking a ball which is in the

opponents court but is being returned (the
blocker must not contact the ball until
after the opponent who is attempting to
return the ball makes contact). Except to
block the third play.
1. Reaches under the net (if it interferes
with the ball or opposing player).
2. Failure to serve in the correct order.
3. Blocks or spikes from a position which
is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while
in a back row position.
4. A players foot may not completely
cross the midline at any time. However, if
the rest of the body crosses it is legal
unless interferes with a player on the
other side of the net.

SUBSTITUTIONS
 1. Coaches only have 12 substitutions per
game in club.
2. Once a player subs in for a rotational
position, they can only sub in for that
rotational position.

Basic Volleyball Rules Violations

The following are some basic volleyball rules
for violations.
The result of a violation is a point for the
opponent.
When serving, stepping on or across the
service line as you make contact with the
serve

Failure to serve the ball over the net

successfully

Contacting the ball illegally (lifting,

carrying, throwing, etc.)
 Touching the net with any part of the body
while the ball is in play. Exception: If the
ball is driven into the net with such force
that it causes the net to contact an
opposing player, no foul will be called, and
the ball shall continue to be in play.

When blocking a ball coming from the

opponents court, contacting the ball when
reaching over the net is a violation if
both:
1) your opponent hasnt used 3 contacts
2) they have a player there to make a play
on the ball

When attacking a ball coming from the

opponents court, contacting the ball when
reaching over the net is a violation if the
ball hasnt yet broken the vertical plane of
the net.
 Crossing the court centerline with any part
of your body. Exception: if its the hand or
foot, the entire hand or entire foot must
cross for it to be a violation.

Serving out of order.

Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball

coming from their opponent), when at the
moment of contact the back row player is
near the net and has part of his/her body
above the top of the net (an illegal block).

Back row player attacking a ball inside the

front zone ( the area inside the 10 foot
line), when at the moment of contact the
ball is completely above the net (an illegal
attack)
Basic Volleyball Rules for Playing
the Game

6 players on a team, 3 on the front row

and 3 on the back row
Maximum of three hits per side

Player may not hit the ball twice in

succession (A block is not considered a
hit)
Ball may be played off the net during a
volley and on a serve
A ball hitting a boundary line is in
 A ball is out if it hits an antennae,
the floor completely outside the court,
any of the net or cables outside the
antennae,
the referee stand or pole,
the ceiling above a no playable area
It is legal to contact the ball with any part
of a players body
It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball

If two or more players contact the ball at

the same time, it is considered one play
and either player involved may make the
next contact (provided the next contact
isnt the teams 4th hit)
A player cannot block or attack a serve
from on or inside the 10 foot line
After the serve, front line players may
switch positions at the net
At higher competition, the officiating
crew may be made up of two refs, line
judges, scorer, and an assistant scorer
 Size of Court and Set Up

In the Olympics, the indoor volleyball court is

18 by 9 meters (59 by 29 feet). The court is
divided by a net in the center of the court,
where the top is 2.43 meters (about 8 feet)
high in the men's game and 2.24 meters
(about 7 feet) high in the women's game.
For indoor volleyball, there are six players on
a team and three players in two rows. The
player in the rear right position serves when
his team has the ball, and a team regains the
serve by winning a point after the opponent
has served. The team rotates in a clockwise
manner. The player in the rear right moves to
rear center. The player in the rear center
moves to rear left. The player in the rear left
moves to front left and the rest of the team
moves in a similar manner.

Six Basic Skills of Volleyball

Serve-Used to put the ball in play. The action
is done with arm swing that sends the ball
over the net into the opponent's court.

Forearm Pass-Used to receive the ball from

your opponents, as in service or as a
technique to accurately control the ball in a
way that eliminates lifting or carrying the ball.
the fundamental action of passing is to
rebound the ball off of the forearms (which
are held together tightly with the palms and
thumbs positioned together) from a slightly
squatted and balanced position.
Setting- Used to receive a teammate's pass in
order that the play may continue by passing
the ball overhead to an attacker. The
fundamental action of setting is to contact the
ball with the finger pads momentarily at the
forehead and following through with arms
fully extended to the hitting target.

Kill or Attack-Used to put the ball into the

opponent's court in order to earn a point or
side out. The fundamental action of
attacking incorporates a quick approach
followed by a strong, full arm swing, and
follow-thru.

Block-Used to stop the ball from crossing the

net as a result of an opponent's attack. A
block is effective if it immediately places the
ball back into the opponent's court or if it
temporarily slows down the ball in order for a
defender to make a dig. The fundamental
action of blocking is to stand facing the net
with feet shoulder width apart, arms nearly
extended above the head, ready to jump
above the net to deflect the ball back into the
opponent's court.

Floor Defense-used to receive the opponent's

attack. The key skills are digging and
sprawling. The dig resembles a forearm pass
from a low ready position and is used more for
balls that are hit near the defender. The
sprawl is a result of an attempted dig for a
ball that is hit further away from the defender
and resembles a dive.

Rules and regulations

THE SERVE
1. Server must serve from behind the
restraining line (end line) until after
contact.
2. Ball may be served underhand or
overhand.
3. Ball must be clearly visible to
opponents before serve.
4. Served ball may graze the net and
drop to the other side.
5. First game serve is determined by a
coin toss. Game 2 will be served by the
receiving team in game 1. If match goes
to a 3rd game, new coin toss will
determine serving team.
6. If best of 5 game match: Game 2, 3, an
4 will trade off between teams. If teams go
to game 5, serve will go to winner of a
new coin toss.
7. Serve must be returned by a pass or
set only. Serve cannot be blocked or
attacked.

SCORING

1. Rally scoring- which means there will

be a point awarded on every won rally.
2. Offense will score on a defensive miss,
out of bounds hit, or blocker touches the
top of the net.
3. Defense will score on an offensive
miss, out of bounds hit, serve into the net
or hitter touches top of the net.
4. Game will be played to 25 pts. Game 3
is played to 15.
5. Must win by 2 points, unless a point
cap has been placed.

ROTATION

1. Team will rotate after each side out. A

side out is when the team on serve
receive wins the point to earn the right to
serve.
2. Players shall rotate in a clockwise
manner.
3. There shall be 6 players on each side.
 PLAYING THE GAME (VOLLEY)

1. Maximum of three hits per side.

2. Player may not hit the ball twice in
succession ( A block is not considered a hit
).
3. Ball may be played off the net during a
volley and on serve.
4. A ball touching any part of the
boundary line is considered in.
5. A legal hit is contact with the ball by
any part of the players body which does
not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.
6. A player must not block or attack a
serve.

BASIC VIOLATIONS

1. Stepping on or over the line on a

serve.
2. Failure to serve the ball over the net
successfully.
3. Hitting the ball illegally (Carrying,
Palming, Throwing, etc.).
4. Touches of the top of the net only with
any part of the body while the ball is in
play. Players may contact the net below
the top of the net (the tape) at any time. If
the ball is driven into the net with such
force that it causes the net to contact an
opposing player, no foul will be called, and
the ball shall continue to be in play.
5. Reaching over the net, except under
these conditions:
1 - When executing a follow-through.
2 - When blocking a ball which is in the
opponents court but is being returned (the
blocker must not contact the ball until
after the opponent who is attempting to
return the ball makes contact). Except to
block the third play.
1. Reaches under the net (if it interferes
with the ball or opposing player ).
2. Failure to serve in the correct order.
3. Blocks or spikes from a position which
is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while
in a back row position.
4. A players foot may not completely
cross the midline at any time. However, if
the rest of the body crosses it is legal
unless interferes with a player on the
other side of the net.

SUBSTITUTIONS

1. Coaches only have 12 substitutions per

game in club.
2. Once a player subs in for a rotational
position, they can only sub in for that
rotational position.
 Player specialization
K. J. Kapil Dev

K. J. Kapil Dev is an Indian volleyball player

from Kerala. He represented India in many
international competitions. Kapil also led the Indian
National Volleyball Team on a number of occasions,
including the Rashid Memorial International
Volleyball Tournament held at Dubai in July 2006
and 15th Asian Games at Doha. He was also a
member of Indian team that won the title in South
Asian Games at Dhaka in 2010. At the national
level championships, Kapil represents Indian
Railways.
Kapil employed with Indian railways, where he
works in the Commercial Branch of the Divisional
office in Thiruvananthapuram.. His wife Radhika is
also a volleyball player in the Indian Railway Team.
[5]
Kapil Dev has been selected for the Arjuna
Award on 29 August 2010 for his contribution to
Indian volleyball.[6]
Matt Anderson

Matthew John Anderson (born April 18, 1987)

is an American volleyball player, a member of
the United States men's national volleyball
team and Russian club Zenit Kazan, a
participant of the Olympic
Games (2012, 2016), bronze medalist of
the 2016 Olympic Games, 2013 NORCECA
Champion, a gold medalist of the 2008 Pan
American Cup, 2014 World League and 2015
World Cup.
Anderson was born in Buffalo, New York to
Michael and Nancy Anderson. He has three
older sisters named Jennifer, Joelle and Amy
and one older brother named Joshua. Joelle
and Amy both played volleyball in their
college years. Has a tattoo on his wrist in
honor of his nephew Tristin, who is autistic.
 Gilberto Amauri de Godoy Filho

Gilberto Amauri de Godoy Filho, known as Giba (born 23

December 1976), is a Brazilian former
professional volleyball player who played as an outside
hitter. For much of the 2000s, he was widely regarded as
one of the best volleyball players in the world. During his
professional career he played
in Brazil, Italy, Russia, Argentina and briefly in
the Emirates. With the Brazilian National Team he won a
total of 8 South American Championships, 3 America's
Cups, 8 World League titles, 2World Grand Champions
Cups, three World Championships (2002, 2006, 2010) and
the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,
the silver medal at the 2008 Summer
Olympics in Beijing and the silver medal at the 2012
Summer Olympics in London, where he was the non-
playing captain.

During summer 2014, Giba retired from professional

volleyball at the age of 37.
Giba debuted in his country for clubs such as Curitiba no,
Coca mar, Chapec, So Caetano, Nipomed, Olympikus
and Minas. He later moved to Italy, acquired by Yahoo!
Ferrara, playing the Italian Top Division (Serie A1). After
two years with that team, he signed a contract
with Noicom BreBanca Cuneo (2003).

Sergio Santos

Sergio Dutra dos Santos, known as Serginho or Escadinha (born

15 October 1975) is a Brazilian volleyball player, a member of
Brazil and Brazilian club SESI So Paulo, 2004 and 2016 Olympic
Champion, double silver medalist of the Olympic Games
(2008, 2012), World Champion (2006, 2010), multimedalist of
the World League, Championship, World and the Grand
Champions Cup, 2011 Brazil Champion. In 2009 he became the
first libero to be named Most Valuable Player in the history of the
FIVB World League.
He is widely regarded as one of the best liberos of all time and is
unquestionably the best libero of the 2000s, with more awards
than any other libero. Known for his outstanding service reception
and digging capabilities, teams often attempt to avoid Sergio
when serving. Beyond his defensive abilities, he is also capable of
running the offense as a 'second setter' if the setter is forced to
make the first contact. This is in large part due to Sergio playing
the setting position while growing up and subbing in as a setter
for his professional club teams over the years.

Sergio is multimedalist of every volleyball tournament in 2000s.

He is seven-time South American Champion and he won with
Brazil every South American Championship during his the whole
career in national team. In 2002 and 2006 he achieved titles of
World Champion.
 David Lee

David Cameron Lee (born March 8, 1982) is an

American volleyball player, currently playing for Turkish
team Ziraat Bankas Ankara. Also a member of the United States
men's national volleyball team, Olympic Champion
2008, NORCECA Champion (2007,2013), gold medalist of
the World League (2008, 2014) and 2015 World Cup. Lee winner
Gold medalist in Olympic Games 2008 and bronze medal in 2016.

Lee was born in Alpine, California. He attended Granite Hills High

School in El Cajon, California, where he graduated in 2000.[1]

Lee has played professionally

in Greece, Russia, Italy, France, Puerto
Rico, Portugal and Indonesia.[1] He has won national
championships in Indonesia and Greece.

For the 2015-16 seasons, he was playing for P.A.O.K.

V.C. in Thessaloniki Greece.

Lee joined the U.S. national team in 2005. He became a part-time

starter in 2007, splitting time with Tom Hoff and finishing the
season second on the team in blocks. Lee was the team's second-
leading blocker and third overall at the 2007 World Cup, where
the U.S. finished fourth.
 Volleyball Venue
Bondi Beach Volleyball Stadium

The Bondi Beach Volleyball Stadium was constructed for

the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games and stood for just six
weeks. The temporary stadium was constructed on the
world-famous Bondi Beach and had over 10,000 seats.

The stadium had uncovered seating around three sides,

and a partly covered stand on one side which included
corporate and media facilities. During the Olympics, the
stadium was packed for just about every session of the
Beach Volleyball creating an electric atmosphere.

Location: Sydney, New South Wales

Capacity: 10,000

Seats: 10,000
Historic Events: Sydney 2000 Olympic Games
Sports Played: Beach Volleyball

Stan Sheriff Center

The Stan Sheriff Center is a 10,300-seat multi-

purpose arena in Honolulu CDP,[4] City and County of
Honolulu, Hawaii, on the campus of the University of Hawaii at
Manoa. Initially named the Special Events Arena when it opened
in 1994, the arena was renamed in 1998 after Stan Sheriff (1932
1993), a former UH athletic director who lobbied for its
construction.

Stan Sheriff Center is home to the University of

Hawaii men's Rainbow Warriors
basketball and Warriors volleyball, and the women's Rainbow
Wahine basketball, and Rainbow Wahine volleyball teams.

On May 12, 1998, the Miss Universe pageant was held at the
Center.[5] The Diamond Head Classic midseason college
basketball tournament is held in December.[6] and the annual
regional FIRST Robotics Competition. As Hawaii's largest indoor
arena, the Stan Sheriff Center is the site of many major concert
tours in Honolulu. Concert capacity is 11,000 for an end-stage
show and 11,300 for a center-stage show. The World
Championship Wrestling used the Stan Sheriff Center as its
Hawaiian stop from 1994 until the organization folded in 2001.
The arena hosted two NBA preseason games between the Los
Angeles Lakers and Utah Jazz on October 4th and 6th, 2015.
 Stegeman Coliseum

Stegeman Coliseum is a 10,523-seat multi-

purpose arena in Athens, Georgia, United States. The
arena opened in 1964. It is home to the University of
Georgia Bulldogs basketball and gymnastics teams. It was
also the venue of the rhythmic gymnastics and
preliminary indoor volleyball matches during the 1996
Summer Olympics, as well as the 1989, 1995, and
2008 NCAA gymnastics championships. It
replaced Woodruff Hall, a 3,000-seat field house built in
1923.
The ceiling is barrel-shaped, with the Sanford Drive side
being curved as well. The resulting inside seating is in a
"U" shape, with the flat end, which includes the
scoreboard, not having the upper levels of seating. The
Sanford Drive side was decorated with the Olympic
insignia and other markings for the 1996 Olympics. Also,
the roof is a separate structure from the coliseum itself,
and is connected by an aluminum bellows which allows
the roof to rise and fall with the temperature. The roof
has four outward supports in an arc style, which were
often used in fraternity initiations until gated off.

Stephen C. O'Connell Center

The Stephen C. O'Connell Center, also known as

the O'Dome, is a 12,000-seat multi-purpose arena located
on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida.
The facility is named for the sixth president of the
university, Stephen C. O'Connell, who served from 1967
to 1973. The facility is located on the northern side of the
university's campus, between its football field, Ben Hill
Griffin Stadium, and its baseball field, McKethan Stadium.
The arena opened in 1980, but problems with the
inflatable, Teflon-coated fabric roof required replacement
with a permanent, hard shell dome on top of the structure
in 1998. Instead of displaying information and
advertisements, the scoreboards are now used for live
instant replays of events inside the arena. The arena,
which is the fourth on-campus home of the Gators,
replaced the old Florida Gymnasium, nicknamed
"Alligator Alley," which was the home of the Gators for
the previous thirty-one seasons.
 Copacabana Stadium

Copacabana Stadium, also known as the Beach

Volleyball Arena (Portuguese: Arena de Vlei de
Praia),[3] was a temporary stadium located
on Copacabana beach, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
that is hosting the beach volleyball competition of
the 2016 Summer Olympics. It was erected in 2016
specifically for the Olympic Games and was
planned to be dismantled after the Games.
It opened on 26 July 2016 and had a seating
capacity of 12,000.
The site has previously been used for other
international sports competitions, using temporary
facilities. In 2007, the site hosted the 2007 Pan
American Games' beach volleyball, triathlon and
aquatic marathon competitions. For triathlon, the
swimming stage was placed at one end of the
beach Posto 6 and the cycling and racing events
were held between Posto 2 and Posto 6. The
swimming marathon used the same structure of
triathlon. Beach volleyball matches were played at
the Copacabana Arena on Posto 2.

Terminology
10 Ball or Pipe - A high set around the 10-foot line, intended for a back row
hitter.

10-foot line or attack line - A line on the court 10 feet from the net, parallel
with the net. Players in the back row cannot attack the ball above the net
while in front of this line; however, if a player jumps from behind the line
toward the net and hits the ball before landing on the court in front of the
line, the attack is legal.

ACE - A serve that results directly in a point without further action by players
on the serving team. Typically, the ace can be detected due to an inability to
touch the served ball or a shanked pass by a player on the receiving team.
However, if the serve-receiving player passes the ball to another player and
that second player can make a play on it, but doesn't, this serve is not
considered an ace.

ANTENNA - The vertical rods along the outside edge of the net extending 32
inches above the net to indicate out-of-bounds along the sideline. Any ball
that touches the antenna is considered out.

ASSIST - Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a
kill. The typical assist is a set, but generally, any ball delivered by one player
to a second player to allow that second player to make a kill is an assist.

ATTACK - A broad term that can mean many different things. At a high level,
this term is used to describe the offensive scheme or pattern with which a
team attempts to score a point. At a lower level, this term refers to the
attempt by a player to score a point by hitting the ball in some manner.

Attack Attempt - The attempt by a player to terminate a play by hitting the

ball to the floor on the opponent's side.
BACK SET - A set made when the player who is setting the ball has his/her
back toward the hitter. Normally the setter back sets but occasionally, a
player other than the setter decides to get fancy and back sets to the
designated hitter. It looks more difficult than it really is. Many players master
back setting at an early age.

BACK ROW ATTACK - Typically, a player who has rotated to the back row
jumps behind the 3-meter line to hit the ball. When done by a flashy player
who puts some heat on the ball, the play is visually spectacular. However,
regardless of whether a player takes off, any play involving a back row player
attacking the ball is considered a back row attack. When accomplished by a
short defensive specialist, the crowd goes wild with delight.

BLOCK - The first line of defense where one or more players successfully
terminate a rally or play in their favor by stopping the ball from traveling
over the net. Typically, the blocking player(s) jump in front of the opposing
hitter at the net to make contact with the ball in such a way that the ball
lands inbounds on the opposing hitter's court or hits the opposing hitter
before falling out of bounds. See ROOF.

Blocking Error - A violation that consists of touching the net, crossing the
center line, blocking a set or any other violation which occurs while making a
block attempt.

CARRY - An illegal maneuver in which a player makes an underhand contact

with the ball where the duration of the contact last for more than the
maximum amount of time. Needless to say, this is a very subjective call.

CENTER LINE - The boundary that runs under the net and divides the court
into two equal playing areas.

CLOSING THE BLOCK - The responsibility of the assisting blocker(s) to angle

their body relative tot he first blocker.

Court Dimensions - 59 feet from end line to end line and 29 feet, 6 inches
wide (18m x 9m).

Courage - The capacity to meet danger or difficulty with firmness; bravery.

Mental or moral strength to resist opposition or hardship.

CROSS COURT SHOT - An angular shot made from one side of the offensive
team's side of the court to the opposite side of the defensive team's side of
the court.
CUT SHOT - A spike from the hitter's strong side that travels at a sharp angle
across the net.

DEFENSIVE SPECIALIST (DS) - The position on a team who is responsible for

digging and passing the ball in the back row. These players are normally
short and substituted out when they rotate to the front row. As befits their
name, these players are not expected to contribute to the team's offensive
production. Some of the greatest defensive specialists in the history of the
game include Nalani Yamashita (Hawaii) and Jaimi Gregory (Stanford).

DIG - The act of successfully receiving a ball. Almost always, the dig refers to
the act of recovering an attacked ball close to the court floor. Some of the
best diggers in collegiate volleyball include Nalani Yamashita (Hawaii), Stacy
Sykora (Texas A&M), Jaimi Gregory (Stanford), and usually, any of Kathy
Gregory's UCSB teams.

DINK or DUMP - A pinpoint and aggressive push of the ball over the net. 99%
of the time, this play is made by the setter. Usually performed by the setter,
who delivers the ball into the opponent's court on the second contact.
 Biblography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball
rio2016.fivb.com/en/volleyball
www.volleyball.ca/
www.nbcolympics.com/volleyball
volleyballmag.com/