SK027 / CHAPTER 1 : THERMOCHEMISTRY / amalkebajikan06 / BORN HABER CYCLE

1. Name the energy, H, in each of the following processes.

a. 2Cs+ (g) + O2- (g) Cs2O (s) a = H _________________
b. O (g) + e- O- (g) b = H _________________
c. 2Cs (s) + O2 (g) Cs2O (s) c = H _________________

2. The Born-Haber cycle for sodium chloride is represented below,

Determine and write the equation for;

a. The electron affinity of chlorine. b. The first ionization energy of sodium

c. The lattice energy of sodium chloride d. The Heat of formation of sodium

chloride

3. Complete the following Born-Haber energy cycle for the formation of ;

a) KCl
b) NaBr
c) MgO

KCl NaBr

a) COCl

MgO
SK027 / CHAPTER 1 : THERMOCHEMISTRY / amalkebajikan06 / BORN HABER CYCLE

4. Lithium chloride is formed from lithium and chlorine. Its lattice energy may be
calculated from a Born-Haber cycle using the following experimental data.
First ionization energy of lithium = +520 kJ mol-1
Heat to convert Li (s) to Li (g) = +159 kJ mol-1
Heat of formation of lithium chloride = -409 kJ mol-1
Heat to convert Cl2(g) to Cl(g) = +122 kJ mol-1
Electron affinity of chlorine atoms = -349 kJ mol-1
(a) Using the usual chemical symbols, the state symbols (s), (l), (g) and the symbol
for an electron, e-, write an equation in each case to define the following terms.

(i) The first ionization energy of lithium

(ii) The second ionization energy of lithium.
(iii) The heat of formation of lithium chloride.
(iv) The electron affinity of chlorine.
(v) The lattice energy of lithium chloride.

(b) Construct a labelled Born-Haber cycle for the formation of lithium chloride.
(c) Using the constructed Born-Haber cycle, or any other method, calculate the
lattice energy of lithium chloride.

5. Construct a Born-Haber cycle for calcium fluoride (CaF2), and use it to calculate the
lattice energy of CaF2(s). The following data are given:

enthalpy of atomisation of calcium = +178 kJ mol-1

electron affinity of fluorine atom = -328 kJ mol-1
enthalpy change of formation of CaF2 = -1220 kJ mol-1
enthalpy of atomisation of F2 = 159 kJ mol-1
First ionisation energy of Ca = 590 kJ mol-1
Second ionisation energy of Ca = 1150 kJ mol-1
SK027 / CHAPTER 1 : THERMOCHEMISTRY / amalkebajikan06 / BORN HABER CYCLE

6. Draw Born-Haber cycle for the formation of strontium chloride and use it to calculate
the enthalpy of formation of strontium chloride. The following data are given

The enthalpy of sublimation of strontium = + 164 kj/mole

First ionization energy for strontium = + 549 kj/mole
Second ionization energy for strontium = + 1064 kj/mole
The enthalpy of dissociation of chlorine, Cl 2 = + 243 kj/mole
The electron affinity of chlorine, Cl = - 349 kj/mole
Lattice energy of strontium chloride = - 2150 kj/mole

3. (a) Draw Born-Haber cycle for the formation of calcium oxide

(b) Use the following data to calculate the lattice energy of calcium oxide. You
must write all thermochemical equations for the steps of the cycle.

The enthalpy of formation of calcium oxide (solid) = - 636 kj/mole

The enthalpy of sublimation of calcium = + 192 kj/mole

First ionization energy of Ca = + 590 kj/mole

Second ionization energy of Ca = +1145 kj/mole

The enthalpy of dissociation of O2 (g) = + 494 kj/mole

First electron affinity of O (g) = - 141 kj/mole

Second electron affinity of O (g) = + 845 kj/mole

4. (a) Draw Born-Haber cycle for the formation of cesium oxide

(b) Use the following data to calculate the lattice energy of cesium oxide. You
must write all thermochemical equations for the steps of the cycle.

Enthalpy of formation of cesium oxide = - 233 kj/mole

Enthalpy of sublimation of Cs = + 78 kj/mole

First ionization energy of Cs = + 375 kj/mole

Enthalpy of dissociation of O2 (g) = + 494 kj/mole

SK027 / CHAPTER 1 : THERMOCHEMISTRY / amalkebajikan06 / BORN HABER CYCLE

First electron affinity of O = - 141 kj/mole

Second electron affinity of O = + 845 kj/mole

1. Calculate the enthalpy changes for formation of these compounds;

magnesium (I) chloride,MgCl; magnesium (II) chloride, MgCl 2; and

magnesium (III) chloride, MgCl3 from the data below.

Mg(s) Mg(g) = 146 kJ mol-1

Mg(g) Mg+(g) = 736 kJ mol-1
Mg(g) Mg2+ (g) = 2184 kJ mol-1
Mg(g) Mg3+ (g) = 9924 kJ mol-1
Cl2(g) 2Cl(g) = 242 kJ mol-1
Cl(g) + e Cl-(g) = -364 kJ mol-1
Lattice energy MgCl(s) = -753 kJ mol-1
Lattice energy MgCl2(s) = -2500 kJ mol-1
Lattice energy MgCl3(s) = -5500 kJ mol-1