4/26/2017

HV DC cables
Professor Ahdab Elmorshedy

Cairo University, Faculty of Engineering

Why HVDC?

Traditional applications (Classic and HVDC Light)

Sub sea transmission

Long distance transmission

Asynchronous interconnections

New applications (HVDC Light)

Estonia
Finland

1
 4/26/2017

Why HVDC?

New HVDC applications

Why HVDC?

The issue of renewables

2
 4/26/2017

Why HVDC?

The issue of renewables

The renewable energy sources tend to be located far away from

the areas of consumption

Characteristics of Cable Transmission Systems

VSC characteristics have enabled new

opportunities in HVDC
6
transmission

3
 4/26/2017

7 Professor Ahdab Elmorshedy

HVDC and HVDC Light

The power and voltage rating by HVDC and HVDC Light

Udc
in kV

800

700

600 HVDC Light

with OH line
500
HVDC
Classic/Light
HVDC Classic
400 with oil with OH Line
impregnated
cable
300
ABB Power Technologies
Power Systems DC - 8 -

HVDC
Light
200 with
extruded
cable
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Power in MW

4
 4/26/2017

Power Transmission System Selection

9 Professor Ahdab Elmorshedy

Why HVDC?
Why not HVAC?

Charging currents (cable acts as a capacitance)

10

5
 4/26/2017

Why HVDC?

Maximum length of ac cables

The longer the cable, the more current the cable asks for itself.

At a certain length the this cable current heats the cable to its maximum
temperature

At 10-20% reduction of current, economicaly uninteresting critical
length
11

No maximum length for DC cable

12

6
 4/26/2017

and lower losses

13

HVDC Cables

14

7
 4/26/2017

Types of HVDC cables

MI Mass Impregnated paper insulation

Maximum conductor temperature 55C

Maximum voltage commercially available 500 kV

Extruded, like HVDC Light cables

Maximum conductor temperature at least 70C

Maximum voltage commercially available 320 kV

Less usual: oil pressurized cables for HVDC

15

HVDC CABLE TECHNOLOGIES

Mass Impregnated Cables (MI) are still the most used;
they are in service for more than 50 years and have been
proven to be highly reliable.

At present used for Voltages up to 500 kV DC (600 kV in
progress).

Conductor sizes typically up to 2500 mm2.

16 Professor Ahdab Elmorshedy

8
 4/26/2017

17 Professor Ahdab Elmorshedy

HVDC CABLE TECHNOLOGIES

Self Contained Fluid-Filled Cables (SCFF) are used for very
high voltages (they are qualified for 600 kV DC) and for
short connections, where there are no hydraulic limitations in
order to feed the cable during thermal transients; at present
used for Voltages up to 500 kV DC.

Conductor sizes up to 3000 mm2.

18 Professor Ahdab Elmorshedy

9
 4/26/2017

19

Self Contained Liquid-Filled (SCLF) Cables

20

10
 4/26/2017

High Pressure Liquid-Filled Pipe-Type Cables (HPLF)

21

HVDC CABLE TECHNOLOGIES

Extruded Cables for HVDC applications are rapidly developing; at
present they are used for relatively low voltages (in service at 200
kV, under construction up to 320 kV DC), mainly associated with
Voltage Source Converters, that permit to reverse the power flow
without reversing the polarity on the cable.

In fact, an Extruded Insulation can be subjected to an uneven
distribution of the charges, that can migrate inside the insulation
due to the effect of the electrical field.

22

11
 4/26/2017

HVDC CABLE TECHNOLOGIES

It is therefore possible to have an accumulation of charges in
localized areas inside the insulation (space charges) that, in
particular during rapid polarity reversals, can give rise to localized
high stress and bring to accelerated ageing of the insulation.

23

24

12
 4/26/2017

Solid Dielectric Cables

25

COMPARISON BETWEEN TECHNOLOGIES

STATE OF THE ART

26

13
 4/26/2017

Extruded HVDC cable systems

HVDC Light cable system

Commercially available up to 320 kV

Joint

 Prefabricated

 Flexible

Termination

Cable

 DC polymer insulation

 Copper or aluminium conductor

27

Extruded HVDC cable system

What power can it transmit?

28

14
 4/26/2017

Extruded HVDC cable system

What power can it transmit?

Transporting power depends on

Voltage

Conductor area

Installation conditions
29

Extruded HVDC cable system

Qualification

Extruded HVDC cable systems
becoming a mature product

More than 20 type tests and several
long term tests have qualified the
cable system on the 80, 150 and 320
kV level

By the end of 2009 a total of 1903
km HVDC Light cable is in service

Japan has qualified Extruded HVDC
cable systems up to 500 kV.
30

15
 4/26/2017

Extruded HVDC cable system

Applications

31

Classic HVDC Submarine Cable

Mass Impregnated Non Draining (MIND) paper insulation
Significant technology milestone events

1953 Gotland I: 100 kV, 20 MW, 62 miles

1968 KontiSkan I: 285 kV, 300 MW, 40 miles

1989 FennoSkan: 400 kV, 500 MW, 124 miles

1994 Baltic Cable: 450 kV, 600 MW, 155 miles

1996 Single-Circuit ratings up to 500 kV, 800 MW

1999 SwePol Cable: 450 kV, 600 MW, 143 miles

2007 NorNed Cable: 450 kV, 700 MW, 360 miles

2009 BritNed Cable: 450 kV, 1000 MW, 300 miles

Mass impregnated cable is not practical for long distance underground

installations. 32

16
 4/26/2017

33

Solid Dielectric HVDC Light Submarine Cable

Significant technology milestone events

2002 Cross Sound: 300kV(150kV), 330MW, 25 miles

2005 Troll A: 120kV (60kV), 240MW, 242 miles

2006 EstLink: 300kV (150kV), 350MW, 46 miles

2007 Circuit ratings up to 640kV (320kV), 1100MW

2008 BorWin: 300kV (150kV), 400MW, 80 miles

2009 Eirgrid: 400kV (200kV), 500MW, 116 miles

2010 DolWin: 640kV (320kV), 800MW, 46 miles

34

17
 4/26/2017

35

18