Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Course Code: ME-308

Instructor
Dr. Deepak Kumar
Room No: 116, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Email: deepakkumar@mmumullana.org
M#8059931047

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

A MATTER OF NOTATION

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing
Some Common Cases of Rotation

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing
Homogeneous Coordinates

Use three numbers to represent a point

(x,y)=(hx, hy, h) for any constant h0
Typically, (x,y) becomes (x,y,1)
To go backwards, divide by h
Translation can now be done with matrix
multiplication!

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 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing
Basic Transformations

Translation: Rotation:
1 0 bx cos sin 0
0 1 b sin
y cos 0

0 0 1 0 0 1

Scaling: sx 0 0
0 sy 0

0 0 1

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 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing
Homogeneous Transform Advantages
Unified view of transformation as matrix
multiplication
Easier in software
To compose transformations, simply
multiply matrices
Order matters: AB is generally not the same as
BA
Allows for non-affine transformations:
Perspective projections!
Bends, tapers, many others
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 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing
3D TRANSFORMATIONS

1. Linear 3D Transformations: Translation,

Rotation, Scaling Shearing, Reflection

2. Perspective Transformations

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 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Transformations in 3 dimensions

Geometric transformations are mappings from one coordinate system

onto itself.
The geometric model undergoes change relative to its MCS (Model
Coordinate System)
The Transformations are applied to an object represented by point
sets.
Rigid Body Motion: The relative distances between object particles
remain constant
Affine and Non-Affine maps
Transformed point set X* = f(P, transformation parameters)

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 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing
Homogeneous coordinates in 3 dimensions
A point in homogeneous coordinates (x, y, z, h) corresponds to the 3-D vertex
(x/h, y/h, z/h) in Cartesian coordinates.
Homogeneous coordinates in 3D give rise to 4 dimensional position vector.

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing
3D Scaling

Ex: Required scaling to scale the entity to a unit cube is , 1/3, 1

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

The position vector is assumed to be a row vector in right handed system

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University

 Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Maharishi Markandeshwar University