4 Cognitive Abilities That Actually Peak

When You Are Older

Walter Wisby, aged eight, playing a game of chess with T Whiltard, aged 91, in Cheltenham.
(Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Many of us do not look, feel or act our age. Sooner or later, of course, time tends to catch up.
Some abilities that weve had in our younger versions are no longer the same. Yet there are
other ways in which we are sharper and smarter than we used to be. What researchers found
out is that different mental skills peak at different times of a persons life.

A 2015 study by MITs Joshua Hartshorne and Laura Germine from Harvard determined
when exactly various kinds of cognitive performances were the strongest. Their research
involved several experiments, with much data coming from two websites they set up that
featured cognitive tests. These sites generated data from almost 3 million people in a few
years.

One test the scientists ran involved 2,450 Americans from diverse backgrounds and locations,
performing 15 tasks that ranged from math to vocabulary quizzes to picture completion.

What the results showed is that while the majority of mental power skills like memory,
retelling stories and pattern recognition peaked from late teens into the 20s, a few notable
ones got better with time and reached full potency by the 50s. These included vocabulary,
math, general knowledge and comprehension (which was a test of how well participants could
explain certain concepts). Such skills come from accumulated knowledge which benefits from
a lifetime of experience.

Vocabulary, in fact, peaked even later, in the late 60s to early 70s. So now you know why
grandpa is so good at crosswords.

Heres a chart from the study showing how cognitive functions change over time:
Credit: Joshua K. Hartshorne and Laura T. Germine, Psychological Science.

For another way of looking at how abilities and time are related, look at the green family
pictures line in the chart below. The underlying experiment involved participants being
shown family pictures, which they had to recall in detail:

Credit: Joshua K. Hartshorne and Laura T. Germine, Psychological Science.

And heres a win for the 40+ folks - the below representation of a test of 10,000 visitors to
TestMyBrain.org shows that older subjects did better than the young on the vocabulary test.
The under-30 group did much better on memory-related tasks, however.

Credit: Joshua K. Hartshorne and Laura T. Germine, Psychological Science.

Is there one age when all of your mental powers are at their maximum? The researchers dont
think so.

At any given age, youre getting better at some things, youre getting worse at some other
things, and youre at a plateau at some other things. Theres probably not one age at which
youre peak on most things, much less all of them, said Joshua Hartshorne.

A 2014 study by Canadian researchers from Simon Fraser University provided another look at
the question. They analyzed data from 3,305 players of the game Starcraft II between the
ages of 16 to 44.

What they found is that younger players had significant advantages in certain tasks. For
example, a 24-year-old would be 150 millisecond faster than a player of the same caliber who
is 39. In general, the researchers found 24 to be a key age, after which player abilities slowly
declined, losing about 15% of the speed every 15 years.

Older players did perform better in some aspects, making up for the slower brain processing
by using simpler strategies and being more efficient. They were, in other words, wiser.