Q.15.

Derive expression for ratio of

tension on tight side and slack side.
A driven pulley rotating in clockwise direction is shown in figure.

Let T1 = Tension on tight side of the belt

T2 = Tension on slack side of the belt

= Angle of contact of belt with pulley

= Coefficient of friction between the belt and pulley.

Considering a small portion of belt AB in contact with the pulley. AB makes angle at the
centre of the pulley. Let T and (T + T) be the tensions at the extremities A and B.

The belt portion AB is in equilibrium under the action of following forces:

1. Tension T in belt at A.

2. Tension T + T in belt at B.

3. Frictional reaction R at C.

4. Frictional force R.

Now resolving the forces expression in Horizontal direction,

Force on left side = Forces on right side

R = T cos ( / 2) = (T + T) cos ( / 2)

Since dq is very small,

cos ( / 2) = 1

R + T = (T + T)

R = T (1)
and resolving the force is Vertical reaction.

R = T sin ( / 2) + (T + T) sin (/2)

Since, is very small, so

R = T /2 + (T + T) /2 = T (2)

From equations (1) and (2)

(T ) = T (T. / 2 is neglected)

T / T = m

On integration, we get

T1T2 T/T = o d

loge T1 / T2 =

T1 / T2 = (e)

Formulae On belt Drives

1.Length Of belt

..For Open Belt

..For Crossed Belt

2. Velocity of Belt

3.Angle of lap for smaller pulley of open belt

 Angle of lap

4. Velocity ratio with Slip

.Without slip

.With slip {s= percentage slip,t=belt thickness}

5.Ratio Of Tensions In belts

Initial tension in the belt

6.Maximum Tension in the belt

{When Centrifugal tension is not to consider}

{When Centrifugal tension is Considered}

{ Note :In problem involving centrifugal tension mass(m) or density

}

7.Centrifugal Tension and Stress in the belt

...N

m= mass of belt per meter m=

...
8.Power Transmitted by Belt

....Watts

9.Maximum Power transmission condition

For maximum power to be transmitted by belt

DERIVE RELATION BETWEEN YOUNG'S MODULUS

BULK MODULUS AND POISSON RATIO

Now we are going further to start our discussion to understand the derivation of
relationship between youngs modulus of elasticity (E) and bulk modulus of
elasticity (K) with the help of this post.

Relationship between youngs modulus of elasticity (E) and bulk modulus of

elasticity (K)

Let us consider a cube ABCDEFGH as displayed in following figure, let us assume

that cube is subjected with three mutually perpendicular tensile stress of similar
intensity.
Let us assume that we have following details as mentioned here

Length of cube = L
Change in length of the cube = dL
Youngs modulus of elasticity = E
Bulk modulus of elasticity = K

Tensile stress acting over cube face =

Poisson ratio =
Longitudinal strain per unit stress =
Lateral strain per unit stress =

As we have already discussed the Poisson ratio as the lateral strain to longitudinal
strain and therefore we can say that
Poisson ratio, () = /

Let us recall the youngs modulus of elasticity, E = Longitudinal stress/Longitudinal

strain
E = 1/ [Longitudinal strain/ Longitudinal stress]
E = 1/
Initial volume of the cube,

V = Length x width x height = L3

Now we will secure here the final dimensions of the cube in order to secure the final
volume of the cube and finally we will determine the bulk modulus of elasticity.

Let us consider first one side of cube i.e. AB. As we have already discussed that
three mutually perpendicular tensile stresses of similar intensity are acting over the
cube. Let us determine here the effect of tensile stress over the dimensions of the
cube.

As we have already seen that, = dL/L

Strain = dL/L
dL= L x Stress x = L x x
dL= L. .

Now we will have to think slightly here to discuss the effect on length of the cube
under three mutually perpendicular tensile stresses of similar intensity. When direct
tensile stress will be subjected over the face AEHD and BFGC, there will be increase
in length due to longitudinal strain developed due to direct tensile stress acting over
the face AEHD and BFGC.

Simultaneously, we must have to note it here that tensile stress acting over the face
AEFB and DHGC will develop the lateral strain in side AB.

Similarly, tensile stress acting over the face ABCD and EFGH will also develop the
strain in side AB
Final length of the cube, = L + L. . L. . - L. .
Final side length of the cube, = L [1 + . ( 2)]
Final Volume of the cube

Vf = L3 x [1 + . ( 2)] 3
Now we will ignore the product of small quantities in order to easy understanding
Vf = L3 x [1 + . ( 2)] 3
Vf = L3 + 3 . L3 ( 2)

Change in volume of the cube, when three mutually perpendicular tensile stresses
of similar intensity are acting over the cube.
V = L3 + 3 . L3 ( 2) - L3
V = 3 . L3 ( 2)
Let us see here volumetric strain

Volumetric strain in the specified cube here will be determined as displayed here
Volumetric strain = V/V
V = 3 ( 2)

Now, we will find here Bulk modulus of elasticity (K)

Bulk modulus of elasticity will be defined as the ratio of volumetric stress or hydro
static stress to volumetric strain and therefore we will write here as mentioned here

K = / [3 ( 2)]
K = 1/ [3 ( 2)]
3 K ( 2) = 1
3K (1-2 /) = 1/

As we have already seen above that

Youngs modulus of elasticity, E = 1/

Poisson ratio, = (/)

After replacing the value of 1/ and (/) in above concluded equation, we will have
the desired result which will show the relationship between youngs modulus of
elasticity (E) and bulk modulus of elasticity (K)
3K (1-2 ) = E

E = 3K (1-2 v)