Kyndal Howie

Extra Credit #9
April 30, 2017

In the video Solution Preparation: What is a standard solution?

Mr. Key discusses what a standard solution is and the aspects of how to

prepare it. The speaker explains that a standard solution is a solution

of known concentration that can be prepared in two different ways.

The first method is from a solid. The basic description of this is that you

can take a known solute and break it down in a certain amount of

solvent, such as water. The second method is from a solution, known

as dilution. This is when you take a solution of known concentration

and add more solvent to it in order to produce a smaller amount of

concentration. The speaker gives two pictures in the video to help us

visualize what he is actually saying. For the method that is prepared

from a solid, he gives a beaker with many dots in it. However, for the

method of prepared from a solution, he gives a beaker with fewer dots

than the other one. This helps to show how the dilution method is in

the action of making it

weaker.

To go more in depth with the first method, the speaker tells us

we need to know how to prepare a solution from a solid. First, we need

to know what solution we are using in order to know what solid or

solute to use. We also need to know what solvent we are using, which
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Extra Credit #9
April 30, 2017
usually tends to be water. It is crucial we know the solution because we

also need to know the volume and concentration of the solution. From

there, we need to use the equation n=Cv. The significance of this

equation is that it helps us find the number of moles of solute that is

required. From there, we can also learn the mass of the solute.

However, we come into a little problem when we take the solid and

place it into the volume of solvent. This is due to the fact that the

water level rises when the solid is put into the solvent, or water. The

example he uses to explain this is when you step into a bathtub full of

water, it rises. To fix this, we use equipment called the volumetric flask.

It works by taking the solid and dissolving it in water and then putting

it in a flask of distilled water of 500 mL of solution.

The second method he describes in the video is dilution. Dilution

is adding more solvent, which then has an increase volume of the

solution. The amount of the solute does not change, yet the volume

does. The relationship we must understand is that the volume

increases while the concentration decreases. The equation that

explains this is known as the dilution equation, which is written as

C1V1=C2V2. What this means is that the initial concentration

multiplied by the initial volume equals the final concentration

multiplied by the final volume. This is significant because it shows the

number of moles of solute does not change in a dilution. The example

he gives us has an initial volume of 1 liter and an initial concentration

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Extra Credit #9
April 30, 2017
of 3 mole/L. We then dilute the solution to 6 liters, which is the final

volume. As a result, the final concentration is now 0.5 mole/L. The

significance of this example is that the number of moles remains three,

showing the amount of solute does not change.

The video Solution Preparation takes you through the

technique and procedure for preparing a chemical solution. For the

example, the speaker prepares a solution of sodium chloride. In this,

the sodium chloride is the solute (the smaller amount), while the water

is the solvent (the larger amount). Before beginning the experiment,

the first thing to do is to know lab safety procedures. For example, it is

important to know the exact amount of reactants. Therefore, knowing

that we start with 500 mL of a 0.25 molar sodium chloride solution.

Secondly, it is crucial that you map out your procedure for preparing

the solution we are doing. As told above, we have 0.25 molar

solutions, which means there are 0.25 moles per liter. We also want

500 mL of the solution, or .500 L. If we multiply .500 L by 0.25 moles

per liter we get 0.125 mole of sodium chloride. We also need to figure

out the grams per mole of sodium chloride is 58.43. As a result, the

mass that needs to be measured out is 7.304 grams of sodium

chloride. Now to begin the procedure, you take sodium

chloride and a clean lab scoop and using a balance you

measure out 7.304 grams of sodium chloride, writing down the exact

mass. Next, you transfer the solid or solute to a volumetric flask, which
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Extra Credit #9
April 30, 2017
is the most accurate lab tool. Next, add enough water so that the bulb

at the bottom of the flask is about half full. Make sure that once you do

so, all of the solute is dissolved. Once the sodium chloride is

completely dissolved, you can fill the rest of the bulb area with water,

the solvent. Once you approach the line at the neck of the flask, you

can add solvent drops. At this point, there is 500 mL of solution, which

was what I learned in the first video. Now, we determine the exact

concentration of the solution. To do so, we take the mass that we

measured out of sodium chloride 7.304 g and divide it by the formula

mass of sodium chloride 58.43 grams/mole, which gives us 0.1253

moles. From there, we take 0.1253 moles and divide it by our volume

of 0.5000 L to give us 0.2501 molar sodium chloride. Finally, we put

this value on the flask.

In the third video How to Dilute a Solution we learn the

procedure and technique for diluting a solution. The technique is to

prepare a more dilute solution from a concentrated stock solution. For

the example he gives us, we are preparing a 0.250-liter solution of 0.01

molar. The stock solution has a concentration of 0.250 molar. The first

step is to find the number of moles in the dilute solution. We know

moles per L are 0.01. We also know the volume is 0.250 L. We can

multiply this to get 0.0025 moles of sodium chloride. We can take

0.0025 moles and divide it by the concentration of the stock solution of

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Extra Credit #9
April 30, 2017
0.250 moles per liter to get 0.01 L of sodium chloride.

Next you have your stock solution. You want to make sure you put the

stock solution into another cylinder before inserting the pipette into the

solution because you dont want to contaminate the stock solution. To

be safe, it is important to label the flasks.

Next, to prepare the dilute solution you take a 10 mL of stock

solution using a 10 mL volumetric pipet in the liquid. To use it

you place the pipette

in the liquid and squeeze it to allow water up passed the line,

but before the bulb. You then remove the bulb and place your thumb

over the end to close it. STOCK Next, you slowly release your
SOLUTIO
thumb allowing the liquid N to exit. If you mess up you

then can use the bulb to pour more liquid into the pipette. Once you

have the exact amount of liquid you transfer the pipet to a clean

volumetric flask, making sure not to use the bulb to force to liquid out.

Then, you remove the pipette and do the same procedure. That is how

to prepare a dilute solution to from a stock solution.