Structured Questions:

11.(a) Ethanol can be made from sugar.

i. What is this process called?

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ii. Why is yeast required?

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iii. What gas is given off during the process?

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iv. Why does Brazil produce nearly all its alcohol by this process?

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v. Give two uses of alcohol.

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(b) Ethanol can also be made from petroleum.

i. What gas, mainly produced from cracking, is the starting material to make
ethanol?

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ii. How could you test that this gas is unsaturated?

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iii. What do you add to this gas to produce ethanol?

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iv. Write a balanced chemical equation to show this addition.

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v. Ethanol is said to be saturated. What does this mean?

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(c) The diagrams below show how ethanol is manufactured in various countries.

i. Can you explain why, in Singapore, ethanol is made from petroleum only?

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ii. Predict what the diagrams for Great Britain and the United States would
look like in 100 years time?

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12.How much ethanol can be made from the fermentation of 0.54 kg of grape
sugar?
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH +2CO2
[Ar(C) = 12, Ar (H) = 1, Ar(O) = 16]

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