Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Issue No 1
Collectors
Edition
DODGY
MOTORS
The team
Publisher Ashley Teitzel Automotive Electricians
The Automotive Technician Mark Mitchell secretary@vasa.org.au A resource centre devoted to
Pty Ltd collecting and publishing stories,
ACN 121 589 802 International correspondent TaT Assist TaT Space trends, research and profiles for
PO Box 101 Julian Hentze TaT Train TaTs a Fact sharing with TaT subscribers.
GYMEA NSW 2227 Tips for Tat
Copy proofing are all registered trade names
1 Cleg Street Bron Robinson of The Automotive Technician
ARTARMON NSW 2064 Pty Ltd
Ph 1300 828 000
Advertising inquiries A never-ending selection of
Fax 1300 828 100
Vicky Murphy The Automotive Technician Pty technical tips, aimed at helping
vmurphy@tat.net.au Ltd publishes technical advice technicians improve their
tat@tat.net.au and actual case studies for the
0419 284 246 diagnostic skills to save time
purpose of educating technicians.
Editor in chief and reduce frustration without
Ken Newton Design These advices are given in good compromising the integrity of the
knewton@tat.net.au
Allan Green faith, and are based on actual job.
workshop repairs. No guarantee is
07 5591 6274 CEO Design
ceodesigns@bigpond.com given, nor any liability accepted in CONTENTS
Fax 07 5591 8172 respect to any published advice. Why remain a GP 4
0438 569 517
Graphics Consultant The Automotive Technician Pty Ltd A better way of solving problems 5
Technical editor Melissa Shaw is not responsible for the accuracy Get out your scanners 6&7
of any information contained in
Jeff Smit material submitted by third parties Which refrigerant 8
Cover photography and published in this magazine
jsmit@tat.net.au Training program review 9
John Fisher and accepts no liability in relation
1300 828 000
0428 757 692 to such materials or their content. The global goss 11
Technical research Radiator cancer 12
Printing Newsworthy articles or comments
Deyan Barrie are welcomed, and should be Street Cred - with Hayley 13
Adcraft Group submitted to the Editor in chief.
dbarrie@tat.net.au Tats a Fact 14-19
128 Cope Street
02 9476 6277 Idle speed controllers 20
Waterloo NSW 2017 All material appearing in The
Ph 02 9698 4155 Automotive Technician is Murphys Law 21
Technical advisers copyright. Reproduction in whole
Jack Stepanian www.adcraftgroup.com.au or in part is illegal without prior Air ball (airbag review) 22
written consent from the Editor in Bosch steering controls 24
Nick Murphy Affiliated associations chief.
VASA inc AAAE New hi-tech models 25
nmurphy@tat.net.au All advertisers agree to indemnify
Vehicle Air conditioning Specialists Future steering wheel 27
the publisher for all damages
Editorial contributors of Australasia or liabilities arising from their The Sheriff rides again 29
Hayley Windsor inc Australian Association of published or unpublished material. The last word 30
Cover story
T
he current range of new vehicles is part of every vehicle is the reason why Take the electronic systems of the new
bristling with more electronics than mechanics will need to Commodore or Falcon which the average
ever. become technicians. family will be driving and you will be called
on to repair in a couple of years.
There are mini computers or modules that The fundamentals of repair have changed The technician will be faced with problems
control the management of the different forever. associated with:
electronic systems.
Its all very well to acknowledge that this
Some of the new systems on the dramatic career change is occurring, but Transmission control module, electronic
popular mainstream family vehicles are how will each individual mechanic cope. power steering, ABS, integrated radio
automatic headlight levelling control, chassis where the volume is speed
electronic suspension, theft deterrent The fundamentals of mechanics, learnt at dependent, rear seat entertainment,
systems, multi-sectioned climate control, trade school, provided a good foundation, more sophisticated and complex
electronic power steering, traction control, but the time has come when a personal instrument clusters, heating ventilation
infotainment systems and satellite decision MUST be made. and a/c controls, ultrasonic park assist,
navigation systems. safety restraint systems, and electronic
Who is going to assist you to become a suspension control.
technician? Where are you going to get
Years ago, once you completed your
advice on the most compex of repairs? To enable the different components to
apprenticeship, the mechanics of vehicle
repair remained constant, and replacing a share information, a CAN BUS system is
Who will train you?
mechanical heater tap on a car ten years used.
on was, in theory, the same for every With whom will you align yourself to
vehicle. ensure a continuing and credible flow of The latest vehicles are using an even
technical information you can apply to more complex CAN BUS system which
The list of electronics minimise the stress and frustration which will be explained in more detail in future
and gadgetry is is symptomatic across the auto repair
industry?
editions.
nowhere near complete. All of these challenges must be faced with
Do you become a new vigour and a clear understanding of
Todays modern car has an electronic
heater tap, so diagnosing and replacing a
a technician, what its like on a busy day in a workshop,
heater tap is now a totally different story. or do your small or large, country or city, as
frustrations drive you technicians with various skill levels grapple
This electronic revolution which is
gradually being applied to almost every
out of the industry? with vehicle after vehicle, all with radically
different symptoms and sometimes
unfathomable diseases.
ACCESS to an ever expanding database of fully illustrated technical solutions to problems in all makes of vehicles
ACCESS to technical problem solving service
ACCESS, through wholesalers, to dynamic and relevant training programs covering electrics and electronics
your
scanners
and try
to stay
in tune!
Scan tools and pianos
Little in common you might say? Yet
both are instruments.
And taking the analogy a step further, to resolve every problem outside of the For the first 12 months after purchase,
around 50% of the Steinways sold to most basic mechanical repair? the technician must be prepared to spend
initially enthusiastic technicians are sitting a minimum of 20 quality hours in training
in storerooms, rapidly going out of tune, A scan tool is sessions on any scan tool, suggests
as necessary for
with mice nesting in the strings. Garry.
Staff have to be trained to use it for CARMAN scan tools available from Automotive Service Solutions www.efi.com.au
profitable work.
Training program
hits a
receptive nerve
No cover-up
a range of training progams In sessions like this, everyone broad enough to be of benefit
covering the following subjects: learns and picks up ideas from to most motor repairers. Well
others. Everyone enjoyed it, done. - Jim Matheson.
ABS and Traction Control said Jeff.
I think it was very rewarding
Safety restraint systems and The most interesting comment with a brighter outlook towards
airbags came from Sean OHagen the future. Tony Plesto.
Fantastic to have an instructor
Electronic control systems - who knows the trade and owns Day was good and
Bus Can his own business. informative. More on ABS and
A/C fault finding. Jason Bass.
Climate control systems Another wrote:
Solutions to problems we
Power supply systems, come up against were clear Very good Enjoyed it. I
batteries and alternators and direct. Go TaT. - Tony would like more on climate
Scoratilo, Tonys Automobile control, traction control, ABS,
The ABS and traction control, Repairs. SRS. Trevor Rawson. Covers on The Automotive
plus scan tools, will be Technician will be designed
delivered by trainer Jeff Smit Refreshed a few old theories Good, can do more specific to reflect the main theme
at the Wire & Gas Training and informed me of a few training on fault code and of each edition, rather than
Convention and Trade Show new systems. A good day of related systems such as carry product advertisements.
on the Gold Coast in late June. knowledge. Presentation good CAN BUS as an example We believe our advertisers
and easy to understand. - to understand more on the will appreciate the industry
The first TaT training day Tony Vallance. systems and related faults. credibility this will give the
in Melbourne was a huge Gavin Want. magazine.
success, covering basic Im an apprentice motor
electrical and electronic theory. mechanic and found the This first edition front page took
Excellent day with a broad a lot of sweating effort by the
day enjoyable with plenty of
range of people from auto team. We give them credit:
The program was developed by useful information relevant to
TaT, with the help of consultant many areas. All topics were electricians to mechanics. I
trainer Jack Stepanian, a explained thoroughly and made felt as if all that attended learnt Lis Herbert operating
Holden College trainer, and enjoyable and educational. - something. Nothing but praise theatre adviser
delivered by Jeff Smit. Sam Humphreys. for Jeff and his presentation. Bron Robinson head nurse
When is the next course? John Mitchell surgeon
The training covered system A well thought out and Trevor Humphreys, CoolDrive Warren Travers
operations, testing procedures planned day, informative and Distribution. anaesthetist
Brett Archer - mechanic
-WIDE
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Fault solution
Cleaning of the air mass meter
Customer complaint sensors has been successful in
most cases.
Lack of power especially down
low, and high fuel consumption. Be very careful when cleaning
the sensors and use a very
Injectors had been serviced gentle painters brush to clean
and new fuel filter fitted the contamination build up.
recently. [2]
Use only an appropriate non-
aggressive cleaning fluid. [4]
Problem summary
Recommended time
After road test, the vehicle [3]
shows significant lack of power.
Total time was two hours
Worse when the vehicle is cold including research, location
and improves once engine of parts and actual time spent
reaches running temperature. fixing the problem.
Diagnostic sequence
Check for fault codes using
appropriate scanner.
We recommend regular
Coolant temp sensor, throttle cleaning of throttle bodies at
position sensor and air mass every service to ensure the
and air temp sensor fault codes
vehicle is running correctly.
present.
Clear all codes and road test. Be careful to use the correct
cleaning fluid.
Vehicle still lacking power with
no improvement.
Regular inspection of the air
Remove air intake to throttle mass meter is also
body [1] and remove air mass recommended and repairs
meter and inspect. should be undertaken if
contamination is occurring. [4]
Very dirty throttle body and
contamination of air mass
meter sensors [2]
The main diagnostic tool was An additional earth cable was research and actual time spent This highlights the need
a more thorough investigative run from the vehicle chassis to fixing the problem. for technicians to always
communication with the the globe holders.
keep an open mind to the
customer than might normally
be required, followed by Removal of the passenger side possible causes of what
extensive road testing, trying light and inspection of the might appear to be a
many things to trigger the fault. connections is also mechanical fault.
recommended. This is one of those cases
This case, due to previous where, on the surface, www.tat.net.au
repairs to the transmission, Recommended time there would appear can save you the cost
coupled with the customers to be no link between of your annual
note that the condition was a rear light fault and subscription with
worse on turning right, pointed Total time was three and a harsh transmission gear just one job
to a link which required half hours including customer changing.
detailed investigation. liaison, extensive road testing,
5 To reset inspection
Service light reset 3 Oil Service should service, press the trip
Audi appear on display reset again to call up the
Model A3 and A4 next service message
1998 till 2001 4 Pull out the clock set which should read
button on the service INSP
instrument cluster
1 Turn off the ignition 6 Pull out the clock set
and hold in position
until the message oil button again until the
2 Press and hold the service is cleared from message is cleared
trip reset button on the the display
instrument cluster while
7 Turn off the ignition
switching on the ignition
The Automotive Technician 16
HOLVX02418
HOLDEN Fault description
VX COMMODORE [1]
On tracing fuel tank harness
2-2002 back towards the vehicle
5.7 Ltr V8 harness an additional
connection was found near the
fuel filter [1].
position sensor
The clever part about these
What a clever little sensor! sensors is that they also detect
the opening and closing speed
With the advent of drive- of the accelerator pedal and
by-wire, a very clever little feed this information back to
senor called the throttle pedal the ECM.
position sensor has emerged.
The ECM can determine the
Most of these sensors are opening and closing speed
being fitted around the by comparing the two sensor
accelerator pedal assembly. voltages to each other at any
given time (see diagram).
The sensors main task is to
tell the Engine Control Module With this information, the ECM
(ECM) the position of the pedal can control the throttle control
by way of a voltage signal. motor and injectors to ensure
correct response to pedal
The pedal position sensor is movement.
different to its predecessor,
the throttle position sensor, as In most cases the idle position
it has two sensor outputs, not of the accelerator pedal is
one. determined by the ECM.
The Automotive Technician 18
TOYCA96413 Remove distributor cap and
remove rotor button.
TOYOTA CAMRY Inspect both cap and rotor [4].
3-1996 Notice bad burn mark on rotor
near distributor shaft mounting
3VZ-FE 4 cylinder [5]
Fault description
[1]
After finding that the rotor
button had failed, it is important
to inspect and test ignition
leads, spark plugs and check
on the service history of the
vehicle. In most cases it will
show that the vehicle has not
Customer complaint been regularly serviced.
A
Mitsubishi TR Magna is cycled through its ignition the ECI Multi Computer, the This is evident
MPI 4 cylinder sequence, the ISC will phasing of each terminal is by the activities
auto had the all too reset itself to a new starting always 180 degrees out of noted between
familiar syndrome of stalling pintle position, effectively phase with each other. ignition on and
every now and then, yet it allowing the vehicle to start cranking (see
would start immediately on immediately. However, as As can be seen from the diagram).
cranking. the engine stabilised itself, waveform, there are no
the ISC readjusted itself to a activities while the ignition is Naturally, as soon as the
While the technician could new position, accommodating off, and as soon as the ignition vehicle starts, the pintle is
be excused for considering varying operating conditions. is turned on, the stepper readjusted, accommodating
the vehicle as vintage, the motor rigorously readjusts its the running condition (see
customer was emotionally ISCs, often being a stepper pintle position to above and diagram for activity between
attached and wanted it fixed. motor, have two windings beyond that of its previous engine stabilise and running).
known as coil A and B. While stabilised position, allowing
So we pulled out the best each coil is controlled by the vehicle to start easily. With information gathered
possible equipment to from the customer, dovetailed
diagnose the symptom the to the measured waveforms,
oscilloscope - and began it was evident that the ISC
measuring some waveforms. was in need of a good scrub
down.
While, strangely enough, all
waveforms seemed to be And sure enough, a thorough
almost normal, the car kept clean of the ISC not only
on stalling - only to start allowed the vehicle to start,
immediately on cranking! run and not stall but also
facilitated smooth idling of the
On closer examination of the engine.
circuit diagram it soon became
obvious that the most likely
component that would adjust
and reset its parameter is the
Idle Speed Controller (ISC).
That is, whenever the system
I
consuming job at all, use the multimeter Simple diagnostic procedures
s it possible to establish can become a across both terminals on the can save a lot of time and
a diagnostic process, a satisfying and profitable one. pump, ie. pos to pos and neg frustration. Having as much
sequence of operations to neg. If you find there is info as you can gather, such
which not only leads to a Never guess. This can be very no voltage reading it may be as wiring diagrams and
successful result, but which expensive and can influence there is no switch signal from specifications makes life a lot
can save a lot of time and if the customer stays, or loses the ECU. In that case it will easier.
therefore produce higher faith in you. be necessary to change your
profits? multimeter earth to the chassis Diagnosis on late model
I always say its easer to travel of the vehicle. vehicles has become easier
from the suburbs to the city, with the help of scanning
I have worked for 33 years in
than travel from the city to the equipment and fast digital
the automotive industry, mostly If you find you get a voltage
suburbs. In other words start oscilloscopes.
in the area of diagnostics. reading the fault will be wiring
This doesnt mean I know from the source of the fault. to the pump or ECU.
The ability to read live data has
everything there is to know, become a great advantage in
but working hands-on has For example, if you suspect the Keep in mind the ECU needs
fuel pump is faulty, it could be to receive an engine RPM and determining if the component
given me a great insight into at fault has been sent the
diagnostic processes. I have the pump, or the power/switch TDC signal or voltage/ground
signal, or if the computer is
also spent some of my working side of the pump. before it will switch the fuel
not receiving the necessary
career in equipment sales and pump. It will be necessary to information to operate.
First, start by connecting a fuel crank the engine during this
training, adding to my bank of pressure gauge. At least that
experience and insight into this test. If you have no voltage Its time to throw away the
fickle industry of ours. diagnostic dart board and start
to test components accurately.
To begin any diagnostic
approach the best information In future issues I will venture
comes from the customer - the into reading data and looking at
when, how and what factor. the different waveforms using
the oscilloscope.
When does the fault occur,
There is a lot of satisfaction to
how did it occur, what were the
be gained from working in this
driving conditions?
area of the automotive industry.
Simple questions put to the The work is clean and
customer can narrow down generally easy to access,
your approach. so good luck and happy
diagnosing.
Another factor is confidence. Nick Murphy
H
have responded BMWs around 1999 and 2000.
ave you ever wondered The inflation by developing side
about the technology
which ensures that in
system is like airbags and by improving
doors, door frames and floor
The head bags look a little
like a big tube and unlike
that split second between a a solid rocket and roof sections. conventional airbags are
collision impact and the violent booster. designed to remain inflated
involuntary reaction of the Engineers say that designing for about five seconds to offer
human bodies in the vehicle a The airbag system ignites a effective side airbags is much protection against second
bag of air inflates to save the solid propellant which burns more difficult than designing impacts.
day? extremely rapidly to create a front airbags. This is because
large volume of gas to fill the much of the energy from a front Working together with side and
The first airbags appeared in bag. impact collision is absorbed by front airbags, the head airbag
vehicles in the early 1980s and the bumper, hood and engine. is supposed to offer better
during the 1990s they started The bag then literally bursts It takes almost 35 milliseconds protection in some side and
to appear in seats and doors. from its storage area at up to before it reaches the vehicles front end collisions.
300 km/h, faster than a blink of occupants.
Today, some cars have up to an eye. Then, the gas quickly All manufacturers around
seven or eight airbags. dissipates through holes in the In a two vehicle side impact, the world are still working on
bag. only a relatively thin door improvements to occupant
The main object of an airbag separates the occupants from safety as more crash data and
is to slow the drivers or The time taken for the whole the other vehicle. The side improved designs are studied.
passengers motion as evenly process is about 20 impact airbags therefore need
as possible in a fraction of a milliseconds. to be deployed within a mere Techicians can expect many
second. five milliseconds. ongoing advances in this area.
Regular cornstarch or talcum
Three main parts enable the powder is used to keep the bag Manufacturers have chosen Just how lethal an
system to accomplish this. pliable and lubricated while in different types of side airbag exploding airbag can be
storage. designs. Volvo engineers was demonstrated in a
Queensland accident, in
The sensor is the device that went for seat-back installation which a metal religious
informs the bag to inflate, via The bag itself is made from because that protects figurine, which was
a control module. Inflation a thin nylon fabric, which is passengers of all sizes attached to the front of the
happens following a collision folded into the steering wheel regardless of how the seat is airbag compartment on
force equal to running into a or dashboard, or more recently, positioned. the dashboard, became a
solid wall at around 25 km/h. the seat or door trims. missile, narrowly missing
The triggering sensor is the drivers head and almost
Engineers have been looking penetrating the roof.
The inflation system is a violent placed on the side of the seat
chemical reaction between at ways to improve and even cushions under the front seats. In Victoria, a medical
sodium azide (NaN3) and increase the number of airbags Volvo side airbags deploy upon research team warns that
potassium nitrate (KNO3) in cars. a collision of about 20 km/h. drivers can suffer serious
which produces nitrogen gas. burns when airbags are
At first, most of the advances BMW engineers have chosen released. Nitrogen and
Hot blasts of nitrogen inflate in safety were made for front door mounted airbags. The carbon dioxide as hot as
and rear impacts, even though doors have more space 500C can escape.
the airbag.
The Automotive Technician 22
Tittle TaT Yes - it really is Tit for TaT Wayne Gardner signed up
for Wire & Gas
Imagine driving along by Deyan Barrie - TaT Director
and your airbag keynote address
suddenly inflates for no
reason! Motorcycle great Wayne
Gardner will be one of four
This alarming trend keynote speakers at the Wire
has been reported by & Gas Training Convention
a number of vehicle and Trade Show on the Gold
owners in America.
Coast over the 27-29 weekend
There have been more in June.
than 200 reported cases
of front or side airbags
deploying in a wide
range of vehicles. Above: Deyan Barrie surrounded by some of the tens of thousands of
parts hes rebuilt - he had no problem with sharing his knowledge.
Some inflated while
driving down the I have been listening to the same screams of frustration from
highway, after hitting a
technicians through the years, How do we get information and
pothole, rock or curb,
or even when cars are how do we share our experience with other like minded people.
parked. TaT has come to life out of this necessity.
As a result, there are
The more technicians who join up and share their experiences,
many reports of minor
bruises, burns and broken the quicker the flow of information and the growth of the system.
bones, and even more
serious injuries including Many people ask me why I am doing this (joining in the TaT Who would believe that this
one claim of lost eyesight. initiative) and why should I give so much time and energy to a kid from Wollongong would
process that might take work away from me. In other words, why one day reach the pinnacle
give up my secrets?
of his profession to become
the first Australian to win
There are no secrets, the prestigious 500cc World
only analysis Motorcycle Championship.
and common sense. Gardners current career
roles are as a Director of
Technical expertise does not grow from doing the same job over
his family motorcycle import
If you have clients who and over. The mind is a strange instrument and requires constant
and distribution business
have reported similar challenges or it goes into limp mode.
and he owns, and runs a
accidental inflations of
I dont believe just because I give out my knowledge freely I am cattle breeding farm on the
airbags, TaT would like
to hear about it. losing work. South Coast of New south
Wales. Wayne also works
Become a Tittle TaT, Just because people know where the sump plug is and know with a group of different charity
to help research into how to add oil doesnt mean that they are going to attempt it, organisations
common technical especially if they have better things to do.
faults.
Have you got your 2008 ADAIR catalogue? Call 1800-1-ADAIR website adair.net.au
T
he VE Ute is Holden's
first completely new ute
design since the VU
series in 2000.
Please contact Mongoose for all your
Safety and Security needs
I
ntroducing the Sheriff, a back idler which retains
Ashley Teitzel, who runs tension on the belt.
his own air workshop in
Toowoomba, on the Darling This means perfect
Downs of Queensland. alignment, whereas with
separate belts, you would
Ashley spends a lot of his time take up too much space
in the bush towns and big because they would have
grazing properties of the west, to be offset to avoid each
fixing all sorts of problems other, Ashley pointed out.
on cars, trucks and big farm
equipment. He reckons the The owner of the Morris
bush mechanics might be a is a well known Australian
creative lot, but they leave a lot collector and restorer, John
to be desired in work practices. Wagner, a former stone mason
who built a successful business
Usually, the Sheriff points the on the Darling Downs. His first
finger at the law-breakers, but restoration was a Morris Z and
for his debut in this magazine, he was hooked.
he delivers a story about old
cars, and one mans fanaticism Johns now got more than 40
for the humble Morris. restored vintage cars in his
shed, most of them Morrises,
And he warns fellow some Austins and a few
technicians, Dont give up your others. Most are in concourse,
installation skills if you are in or original condition after his
the climate control side of the restorations. It helps to have a
aftermarket. son whos a panel beater.
You scratch my back - Ill scratch yours
Ashley is seeing a growth in old Why does he do it? John
vehicle restorations, with many shrugs his shoulders and says The insurance industry is reportedly eagerly watching the
owners lovingly restoring their I dont know. I must be crazy. progress of an Australian invention which brings minor scratch
pride and joy, not necessarily But theres no doubt he loves and dent repairs into the realm of the drive-in hamburger joint.
to concourse elegance, but for them all and takes great pride
practical use driving around in showing them at charity and The first drive-in Wizard Scratch and Dent Centre has opened at
the country. And they want car events. Australia Fair on the Gold Coast and Wizards chief Mick Lund
air conditioning in plans to open ten more drive-ins around Australia in the next
cars that were never three years.
designed for it.
The Paintless Dent Removal (PDR) method involves no
Take this magnificently sanding, body fillers or repainting.
restored 58 Morris
Minor. Minor body repairs are completed in a couple of hours, and
usually at a cost well below conventional panel repair processes.
The car is small enough
as it is, so Ashley and The insurance industry would save squillions after big hail
the owner opted for an storms - it is to be hoped that if this works well, they remember
underdash slung heater to return the savings to the motorists by way of lower premiums.
and a/c outlet.
On average, hail damage repaired using the PDR process saves
In the engine room, around half the cost compared to the traditional repair methods,
again because of according to Mr Lund.
space limitations,
he designed
a serpentine
belt system to
connect the crank,
water pump and
alternator pulleys
as well as the
compressor and
S
killed aftermarket A car which is fitted in the
technicians in aftermarket with cheap and
workshops around unreliable parts can eventually
Australia will be the big winners lead to the destruction of the
as dealerships face a mounting motorists faith in the vehicle
capacity problem in their own brand, and no car manufacturer
workshops. wants that result.
But the highly sought-after I think its very short sighted of
stamp of OEM approved those technicians who bow to
workshop will not be handed customer pressure for a cheap
out lightly. fix and use inferior parts which
are mostly poor copies of the
The prerequisite for even original. So much of the copy
being considered by an OEM product simply cant match an
is that the technicians in the original component. Not only
workshop are already highly do the motorists develop a
trained and have demonstrated poor opinion of the workshop,
a willingness to improve on but the brand is effectively
their skills. destroyed as well. Nobody
Ambitious marketing by the
car companies resulting in
really wins in this scenario,
and the workshop will be A new life emerges for
10 to 20% growth in some
brands, has put so many new
forever wondering why they
cant attract customers or get
out of the cheap rut they are
the skilled aftermarket
vehicles into circulation that
several companies, including
Toyota, have authorised the
perpetuating, added Ross.
Diagnostic
contained 35 air conditioning technologies change.
service centres, another 120
radiator service centres and That explains why, when
yet another 30 in a relatively DENSO began the search
Technicians must be prepared to
problems?
keep learning - Wire & Gas show
with DENSOs Robert Burns
tha
t 2 , 5 0 0 s u b
fi r s
for the
YES...I would like to become a subscriber to
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