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Jeffrey W. Hedenquist
Ottawa
Hermosillo,
Universit deMexico:
Genve October,
: 13 October
20142014
J.W. Hedenquist 1
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Richards, 2011
Cu-Au
J.W. Hedenquist 2
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Sakurajima, Kyushu
Bingham Canyon, Utah: >31 Mt Cu
J.W. Hedenquist 3
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Redmondporphyry,
Bingham et al., 2003 Utah
Redmond et al., 2004
Hypersaline liquid
Paleodepth (km) 1.5 -
Vapor
High-temperature
hypogene vapors,
800oC with HCl, SO2
Photograph:
W.F. Giggenbach
J.W. Hedenquist 4
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
High-temperature
hypogene vapors,
800 oC with HCl, SO2
Residual
(vuggy) pH 0.2
quartz
acidic stream,
pH ~0.6
J.W. Hedenquist 5
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
J.W. Hedenquist 6
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
pH
1.7 -- 1.1
pH 1.1
dissolved rock
Critical fluid
bulk salinity
hypersaline
vapor liquid (brine),
within porphyry
Critical
fluid
J.W. Hedenquist 7
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
pH 1-2,
H2SO4 Quartz-alunite,
barren
HCl
Base of lithocap
Sillitoe, 2010
Quartz-alunite
IS veins
Base of lithocap
Sillitoe, 2010
Porphyry
Cu (Au) Intermediate: Lower T
magmatic, <10 wt% NaCl
White mica (up to
pyrophyllite) ( 350oC)
Straight qtz veins, halo
Metals (shallow HS ore,
marginal IS veins)
J.W. Hedenquist 8
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
? ?
4
sericitic
80% 20%
adv. arg.
argillic
Low
J.W. Hedenquist 9
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Chuquicamata, Chile
Ridgeway,
Hugo Dummett N, Oyu Australia
Tolgoi, Mongolia
El Teniente, Chile
Brine
Vapor Also can add: F = topaz, zunyite
log aF-/aH+
Solvus Separation
Critical fluid
log aK+/aH+
J.W. Hedenquist 10
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Typical porphyry
intrusion and vein
relationship
Sillitoe, 2010
J.W. Hedenquist 11
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Proffett, 2003
J.W. Hedenquist 12
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
1400
1000
m
J.W. Hedenquist 13
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Early bt vn
A vn
Early halo vn
D (qsp) vn
1 km
J.W. Hedenquist 14
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
muscovite
Damiana exotic
Geology of El Salvador
J.W. Hedenquist 15
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Watanabe and
Hedenquist, 2001
J.W. Hedenquist 16
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Cu ore at
2600 m
Watanabe and
Hedenquist, 2001
pyrophyllite
muscovite
1. Cooling
2. Vapor
condensation
2 muscovite + 6 qtz = 3 pyrophyllite
KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 + 2 H+ + 6 SiO2 =
3 Al2Si4O10(OH)2 + 2 K+
J.W. Hedenquist 17
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Watanabe and
Hedenquist, 2001
J.W. Hedenquist 18
Porphyry systems: transition to lithocaps Geneva, 13th October 2014
Breccias
w/ adv arg
Watanabe and
Hedenquist, 2001
Muscovite
overprint
dickite Deep
potassic
(biotite)
J.W. Hedenquist 19