C 2 Quick

Quick
Reference
Guide
CAESAR II
V E R S I O N 4.30
( L A S T R E V I S E D 2/2001)

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide (Version 4.30)
The CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide is intended to aid users in quickly identifying
needed information and to resolve common questions and problems. This Reference
Guide is distributed with each copy of the software and users are urged to copy it (the
Reference Guide) as necessary.
Comments and suggestions concerning the CAESAR II program, the Users Guide, or
the Quick Reference Guide are always welcome. Users with problems, questions, or
suggestions can contact the COADE Development/Support staff.
CAESAR II
CAESAR II is an advanced PC based tool for the engineer who designs or analyzes
piping systems. CAESAR II uses input spreadsheets, on-line help, graphics, and
extensive error detection procedures to facilitate timely operation and solution.
CAESAR II is capable of analyzing large piping models, structural steel models, or
combined models, both statically and dynamically. ASME, B31, WRC, and rotating
equipment reports combine to provide the analyst with a complete description of the
piping systems behavior under the applied loading conditions. Additional technical
capabilities such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum analysis (for water hammer and
relief valve solutions), time history, and large rotation rod hangers provide the pipe stress
engineer with the most advanced computer based piping program available today.
The CAESAR II program is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical

abilities, to provide additional functionality, and to modify existing computation
procedures as the piping codes are updated. A complete list of the most recent changes
to the CAESAR II program can be found in the later section of Chapter 1 of the Users
Guide. Users desiring software sales or seminar information are urged to contact the
COADE Sales staff at:
Phone: 281-890-4566 E-mail: techsupport@coade.com

FAX: 281-890-3301 Web: www.coade.com
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

CAESAR II / Pipe Stress Seminars
COADE offers seminars periodically to augment the Engineers knowledge of CAESAR II
and Pipe Stress Analysis. The general seminar is held in the COADE Houston office and
covers three days of statics and two days of dynamics. This seminar emphasizes the
piping codes, static analysis, dynamic analysis, and problem solving.
Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For additional seminar
details, please contact COADE and ask for seminar information.
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide

Table of Contents
System Requirements ................................................................. 1

Troubleshooting .......................................................................... 1
Overview of CAESAR II Interfaces ........................................... 3
List of CAESAR II Piping Codes ............................................... 3
Restraints .................................................................................... 4
List of Setup File Directives ....................................................... 4
List of Materials ......................................................................... 7
Intersection Types in CAESAR II .............................................. 8
Code Stresses .............................................................................. 9
Node Locations on Bends ........................................................ 16
CAESAR II Combined Index ................................................... 18
CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual ................................... 46
Mechanical Engineering News ................................................. 46
Additional COADE Software Programs ................................... 46
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

System Requirements
Pentium 200 or better CPU
Windows 95,98 or Windows NT 4.00, 2000
64 Mbyte RAM
80 Mbyte Hard Disk Space Free
VGA Graphics Board & Monitor 800x600
Troubleshooting
The installation aborts with an error stating: An error occurred during the move
data process: 623.
This is caused by attempting to install the software when a previous copy is currently
running.
This error occurs because InstallShield could not rename an intermediate file during
the file transfer process. This error can be caused by running the target application
during the installation, as well as some virus-checking programs. When this error
occurs, shut down all running applications and restart the installation process.
The installation aborts with an error stating: An error occurred during the move
data process: 115.
A problem has been encountered on Novell networks in that they may not work with
long file names. In builds of CAESAR II Version 4.00 up through and including
980122, the file C2PIPENET.EXE is longer than 8.3 characters, and causes the
installation to abort.
This error is caused when the installation can not write a file to the target hard disk. In
addition to the Novell problem noted above, a lack of sufficient access rights will also
cause this error. On some networks, other workstations using the software have caused
this error.
Any build after March 1, 1998 will report the file which can not be installed, prior to
the termination of the installation process.
The software will not startup properly and indicates an ESL (External Software
Lock) problem.
Check that the necessary ESL drivers have been loaded correctly. Refer to
..\caesar\assidrv for documentation on the drivers. Check the file patch.430 and
insure the correct version (full run, limited run, dealer) has been installed, and matches
your ESL type.
To check that the drivers have been loaded properly, go to ..\caesar\assidrv (for red or
white) ESLs and run HINSTALL -info.
Q-1 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

The Main Menu starts up but attempting to enter the piping input immediately fails.
If this is an NT system, check the program directory for the files OPENGL32.DLL and
GLU32.DLL. These files should not exist in the CAESAR II program directory, as
they are Windows 95 components. Delete these two files. (Windows NT provides
these DLLs as part of the operating system. The Windows 95 versions are not
compatible with Windows NT.)
Try a different input file. If the user takes a pre-3.24 input file and renames it from _a
to ._a, then the logic to upgrade the file to the new format is bypassed. This will crash
the input processor which uses the file name format to detect pre versus post 3.24
versions.
This problem can also be caused by the lack of a configuration file, CAESAR.CFG or
changing the data directory to one containing an out-of-date configuration file.
Only a portion of the window can be seen, some parts or controls are cut off.
CAESAR II was designed to operate in 800x600 resolution with small fonts.

Large fonts, or custom fonts may be too large for this (800x600) resolution. Either
decrease the font size or increase the screen resolution.
When attempting to use a module which uses tab controls, such as: MISC,
C2SETUP, ROT, or PREPIP, some users may get an abort in a debug message
box.
This is probably caused by an out of date COMCTL32.DLL. Ask the user to check the
date of COMCTL32.DLL, usually located in C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM, but wherever
the Windows directory is. The date on the one that works is 8/26/96 or newer, and is
about 378K in size. The one that doesnt work has a date in 1995 and is about 178K.
The only people with this problem are running Win95 OSR1 (OEM Service Release
1). They should get the latest service packs from the Microsoft WEB site.
Additional troubleshooting tips can be obtained from the CAESAR II FAQ document
located on the COADE web site at http://www.coade.com/. Troubleshooting issues
are also discussed in the Discussion Forums, also located on the COADE web site.
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001 Q-2

Overview of CAESAR II Interfaces
There are several external interfaces in existence which transfer data between CAESAR II
and other software packages. These interfaces can be accessed via the TOOLS option of
the main menu.
CADWorx (requies AutoCAD)

AUTOCAD (DXF Output)
COMPUTER VISION (mainframe)
INTERGRAPH (mainframe)
CADPIPE (requires AutoCAD)
ISOMET (mainframe)
PDMS (mainframe)
PCF (Alias format)
Users interested in these interfaces should contact COADE for further information. We
anticipate other interfaces in the future. We will keep users updated via the newsletter
or revised documentation.
List of CAESAR II Piping Codes
ANSI B31.1 (1998) September 15, 2000

ANSI B31.3 (1999) July 14, 2000
ANSI B31.4 (1998) April 30, 1999
ANSI B31.4 Chapter IX (1998) April 30, 1999
ANSI B31.5 (1992) August 31, 1994
ANSI B31.8 (1995) December 7, 1995
ANSI B31.8 Chapter VIII (1995) December 7, 1995
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 (1998) July 1, 2000
ASME SECT III CLASS 3 (1998) July 1, 2000
U.S. NAVY 505 (1984)
CANADIAN Z662 (9/95)
BS 806 (1993, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 1993)
SWEDISH METHOD 1 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979)
SWEDISH METHOD 2 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979)
ANSI B31.1 (1967)
STOOMWEZEN (1989)
RCC-M C (1988)
RCC-M D (1988)
CODETI (1995)
NORWEGIAN (1990, Rev 1)
FDBR (1995)
BS7159 (1989)
UKOOA (1994)
IGE/TD/12 (1990)
DNV (1996)

Restraints
Restraint Type Abbreviation
1 - Anchor ........................................................................................... A
2 - Translational Double Acting ............................................ X, Y, or Z
3 - Rotational Double Acting ......................................... RX, RY, or RZ
4 - Guide, Double Acting ................................................................ GUI
5 - Double Acting Limit Stop ......................................................... LIM
6 - Translational Double Acting Snubber ............ XSNB,YSNB, ZSNB
7 - Translational Directional ............................. +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z
8 - Rotational Directional .................................... +RX, -RX, +RY, etc.
9 - Directional Limit Stop .................................................. +LIM, -LIM
10 - Large Rotation Rod ..................................... XROD, YROD, ZROD
11 - Translational Double Acting Bilinear ............................ X2, Y2, Z2
12 - Rotational Double Acting Bilinear ......................... RX2, RY2, RZ2
13 - Translational Directional Bilinear ..................... -X2, +X2, -Y2, etc.
14 - Rotational Directional Bilinear ................ +RX2, -RX2, +RY2, etc.
15 - Bottom Out Spring ......................................... XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR
16 - Directional Snubber ......................... +XSNB, -XSNB, +YSNB, etc.
List of Setup File Directives

The following list represents the possible directives which can be controlled by the user
via the CAESAR II configuration file CAESAR.CFG. These directives can be changed
by the user through the use of the CONFIGURE-SETUP program, accessed via MAIN
MENU option #9. Directives are listed in groups corresponding to the configuration
program's menu options.
GEOMETRY DIRECTIVES
CONNECT GEOMETRY THRU CNODES = YES 34
MIN ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .5000000E+01 36
MAX ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .9500000E+02 37
BEND LENGTH ATTACHMENT PERCENT = .1000000E+01 38
MIN ANGLE TO ADJACENT BEND PT = .5000000E+01 39
LOOP CLOSURE TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 42
THERMAL BOWING HORZONTAL TOLERANCE = .1000000E-03 92
AUTO NODE NUMBER INCREMENT= .1000000E+02 109
Z AXIS UP NO 129
COMPUTATION CONTROL
USE PRESSURE STIFFENING = DEFAULT 65
ALPHA TOLERANCE = .5000000E-01 33
HANGER DEFAULT RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 49
DECOMPOSITION SINGULARITY TOLERANCE = .1000000E+11 50
BEND AXIAL SHAPE = YES 51
FRICTION STIFFNESS = .1000000E+07 45
FRICTION NORMAL FORCE VARIATION = .1500000E+00 47
FRICTION ANGLE VARIATION = .1500000E+02 48
FRICTION SLIDE MULTIPLIER = .1000000E+01 46
ROD TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 59

COMPUTATION CONTROL (Cont.)
ROD INCREMENT = .2000000E+01 58

INCORE NUMERICAL CHECK = NO 60
DEFAULT TRANSLATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS= .1000000E+13 98
DEFAULT ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS= .1000000E+13 99
IGNORE SPRING HANGER STIFFNESS = NO 100
MISSING MASS ZPA = EXTRACTED 101
MINIMUM WALL MILL TOLERANCE= .1200000E+02 107
WRC-107 VERSION = MAR 79 1B1/2B1 119
WRC-107 INTERPOLATION = LAST VALUE 120
SIFS AND STRESSES
REDUCED INTERSECTION = B31.1(POST1980) 32
USE WRC329 NO 62
NO REDUCED SIF FOR RFT AND WLT NO 53
B31.1 REDUCED Z FIX = YES 54
CLASS 1 BRANCH FLEXIBILITY NO 55
ALL STRESS CASES CORRODED = NO 35
ADD TORSION IN SL STRESS = DEFAULT 66
ADD F/A IN STRESS = DEFAULT 67
OCCASIONAL LOAD FACTOR = .0000000E+00 41
DEFAULT CODE = B31.3 43
B31.3 SUSTAINED CASE SIF FACTOR = .1000000E+01 40
ALLOW USERS BEND SIF = NO 52
USE SCHNEIDER NO 63
YIELD CRITERION STRESS= MAX 3D SHEAR 108
USE PD/4T NO 64
BASE HOOP STRESS ON NO 57
APPLY_B318_NOTE2 NO 133
DISABLE_UNDO NO 128
FRP PROPERTIES
USE FRP SIF = YES 110
USE FRP FLEXIBILITY = YES 111
BS 7159 Pressure Stiffening= Design Strain 121
FRP Property Data File= CAESAR.FRP 122
Axial Modulus of Elasticity = .3200000E+07 113
Ratio Shear Mod : Axial Mod = .2500000E+00 114
Axial Strain : Hoop Stress = .1527272E+00 115
FRP Laminate Type = THREE 116
FRP Alpha = .1200000E+02 117
FRP Density = .6000000E-01 118
Exclude f2 from Bending Stress (UKOOA) NO 134
PLOT COLORS
PIPES LIGHTCYAN 1
HIGHLIGHTS GREEN 2
LABELS GREEN 3
BACKGROUND BLACK 5
AXES LIGHTRED 15
HANGER/NOZZLES BROWN 16
RIGID/BENDS LIGHTGREEN 17
NODES YELLOW 18
STRUCTURE LIGHTRED 31
DISPLACEDSHAPE BROWN 30
STRESS > LEVEL 5 RED 24
STRESS > LEVEL 4 YELLOW 25
STRESS > LEVEL 3 GREEN 26
STRESS > LEVEL 2 LIGHTCYAN 27
STRESS > LEVEL 1 BLUE 28

PLOT COLORS (Cont.)
STRESS < LEVEL 1 DARK BLUE 29

STRESS LEVEL 5 .3000000E+05 19
DATA BASE DEFINITIONS
STRCT DBASE= AISC89.BIN 70
VALVE & FLANGE= CADWORX.VHD 90
EXPANSION JT DBASE= PATHWAY.JHD 91
PIPING SIZE SPECIFICATION ANSI 88
DEFAULT SPRING HANGER TABLE = 1 112
SYSTEM DIRECTORY NAME SYSTEM 123
UNITS FILE NAME= ENGLISH.FIL 124
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROL
OUTPUT REPORTS BY LOAD CASE YES 87
DISPLACEMENT NODAL SORTING YES 89
DYNAMIC INPUT EXAMPLE TEXT MAX 94
TIME HIST ANIMATE YES 104
OUTPUT TABLE OF CONTENTS ON 105
INPUT FUNCTION KEYS DISPLAYED YES 106
MEMORY ALLOCATED 12 NA
USER ID " " NA
ENABLE ODBC OUTPUT NO 125
APPEND RE-RUNS TO EXISTING DATA NO 126
ODBC DATAASE NAME <NONE> 127
<BELOW>
ENABLE_AUTOSAVE YES 130
AUTOSAVE_TIME_INTERVAL 30. 131
PROMPTED_AUTOSAVE YES 132

List of Materials
The CAESAR II material table contains 17 different isotropic materials. Properties and
allowed temperature ranges for each isotropic material are listed below: (see Chapter 5
of the CAESAR II Technical Reference Guide)
MATERIAL ELASTIC POISSONS PIPE TEMPERATURE

NO. NAME MODULUSRATIO DENSITY RANGE
______________________ (psi) _______________ (lb./cu.in) __ (deg.F) __
1 Low Carbon Steel 29.5 E6 0.292 0.28993 -325 1400
2 High Carbon Steel 29.3 E6 0.289 0.28009 -325 1400
3 Carbon Moly Steel 29.2 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
4 Low Chrome Moly Stl 29.7 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
5 Med Chrome Moly Stl 30.9 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
6 Austenitic Stainless 28.3 E6 0.292 0.28930 -325 1500
7 Straight Chromium 29.2 E6 0.305 0.28010 -325 1400
8 Type 310 Stainless 28.3 E6 0.305 0.28990 -325 1400
9 Wrought Iron 29.5 E6 0.300 0.28070 -325 1000
10 Grey Cast Iron 13.4 E6 0.211 0.25580 70 1000
11 Monel 67%Ni/30%Cu 26.0 E6 0.315 0.31870 -325 1400
12 K-Monel 26.0 E6 0.315 0.30610 -325 1400
13 Copper-Nickel 22.0 E6 0.330 0.33850 -325 400
14 Aluminum 10.2 E6 0.330 0.10130 -325 600
15 Copper 99.8% Cu 16.0 E6 0.355 0.32290 70 400
16 Commercial Brass 17.0 E6 0.331 0.30610 -325 1200
17 Leaded Tin Bronze 1 14.0 E6 0.330 0.31890 -325 1200
In addition CAESAR II supports material types 18 or 19 for cut short and cut long cold
spring elements.
Material number 20 activates the CAESAR II orthotropic material model (i.e. Fiber-
glass reinforced plastic pipe); default coefficient of expansion is
12.0E-6in./in./F.
Material 21 indicates user defined properties.
Material numbers over 100 are from the Material Data base and include allowable stress
and other piping code data.

Intersection Types in CAESAR II
CAESAR II TYPE B31.3 TYPE NOTES SKETCH
1 Reinforced Reinforced - Used to lower SIFs

Fabricated Tee - Not a fitting
- Modified Pipe
2 Unreinforced Unreinforced - Routine Intersection

Fabricated Tee - Not a fitting
- Modified pipe
- Usually the cheapest
3 Welded Tee Welding Tee - Usually size-on-size

- Governed by B16.9
- Usually the lowest SIF
- Usually Expensive
4 Sweepolet Welded-in - "Sit-in" fitting

contour - Forged fitting on a pipe
Insert
5 Weldolet Branch Welded - "Sit-on" fitting

On - Forged fitting on a pipe
Fitting
6 Extruded Extruded - Seldom used

Welding Tee - Used for thick wall manifolds
- Extruded from straight pipe

Code Stresses
Listed below are the code stress equations for the actual and allowable stresses used
by CAESAR II. For the listed codes, the actual stress is defined by the left hand side
of the equation and the allowable stress is defined by the right hand side. The
CAESAR II load case label is also listed after the equation.
Typically the load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are sufficient for code
compliance. However, CAESAR II does not recommend occasional load cases.
Occasional loads are unknown in origin and must be specified by the user.
Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp
Slp = PD0/4tn code approximation
Slp = PDi2/(D02 - Di2) code exact equation, CAESAR II default
Operating Stress - unless otherwise specified
S = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < NA (OPE)

B31.1
Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)
i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC)
B31.3
Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)
sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)
Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi)2 + (i0M0)2 )]/Z
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3
B1 * Pmax Do + B2 * Ma / Z < 1.5 Sh (SUS)

2tn
i Mc / Z < f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh) + Sh - Sl(EXP)
B1 * Slpmax + B2 * (Ma + Mb) / Z < 1.8 Sh and < 1.5 Sy. (OCC)

B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505
Sl = Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < Sh (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl))(EXP)
Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < k Sh (OCC)
B31.4
If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)

FAC | E dT - SHOOP| + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)

Fax/A - SHOOP + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)
If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)

Slp + Fax/A + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.8 (Syield) (OCC)
B31.4 Chapter IX
Hoop Stress: Sh <= F1 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: |SL| <= 0.8 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se <= 0.9 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
Sy = specified minimum yield strength
F1 = hoop stress design factor (0.60 or 0.72, see Table A402.3.5(a) of the B31.4
Code)
Sh = (Pi Pe) D / 2t
SL = Sa + Sb or Sa - Sb, whichever results in greater stress value
Se = 2[((SL - Sh)/2)2 + St2]1/2

B31.5
sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)
Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi)2 + (i0M0)2 )]/Z
B31.8
Se + Sl < Syield (OPE)
Sl = Slp + Sb < .75 (Syield) (SUS)
Se = sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
Se + Sl < .75 (Syield) * k (OCC)
B31.8 Chapter VIII
Hoop Stress: Sh <= F1 S T (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: |SL| <= 0.8 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se <= 0.9 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
S = specified minimum yield strength
F1 = hoop stress design factor (0.50 or 0.72, see Table A842.22 of the B31.8 Code)
T = temperature derating factor (see Table 841.116A of the B31.8 Code)
Note: the product of S and T (i.e., the yield stress at operating temperature) is
required in the SH field of the CAESAR II input
Sh = (Pi Pe) D / 2t
SL = maximum longitudinal stress (positive tensile, negative compressive)
Se = 2[((SL - Sh)/2)2 + Ss2]1/2
Ss = tangential shear stress
Canadian Z662
If FAC = 1.0 (Fully Restrained Pipe)

|E dT - Sh| + Sh < 0.9 S * T (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (Burried, But Soil Restraints Modeled)
|Fax / A - Sh| + Sb + Sh < S*T (OPE)
(If Fax / A - Sh is compressive)

Canadian Z662 (Continued)
If FAC = 0.0 (Fully Above Ground)
|Slp + Fax / A| + Sb + Sh < S*T (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax / A is compressive)
Sl = 0.5Sh + Sb < S*F*L*T (SUS, OCC)
SE = sqrt [Sb ** 2 + 4St ** 2] < 0.72 S * T (EXP)
RCC-M C & D
Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < Sh (SUS)
iMc/Z < f (1.25 Sc + .25 Sh) + Sh - Sl (EXP)
Slpmax + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2 Sh (OCC)
Stoomwezen
Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < f (SUS)
iMc/Z < fe (EXP)
Slp + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2f (OCC)
CODETI
sqrt (Sb **2 + 4St **2) < f [1.25 (Sl + Sh)] - Sl (EXP)
Slp + Fax/A + iMa/Z + iMb/Z < Ksh (OCC)
Sb = [ Sqrt ((iiMi)2 + (i0M0)2] /Z
Norwegian
Sl = PDi2 + .75 i Ma < Sh (SUS)

Eff(D02-Di2) Z
iMc/Z < Sh + Sr - Sl (EXP)

PmaxDi2 + .75i (Ma + Mb) < 1.2 Sh (OCC)
Eff(D02-Di2) Z
M = sqrt (Mx2 + My2 + Mz2)

Sr = Minimum of 1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh; FrRs-F2; or Fr (1.25R1 + 0.25R2)
(The latter applies to temperatures over 370c; 425c for Austenitic
stainless steel)

Norwegian (Continued)
Fr = Cyclic reduction factor

Rs = Permissable extent of stress for 7000 cycles
R1 = Minimum of Sc and 0.267 Rm
R2 = Minimum of Sh and 0.367 Rm
Rm = Ultimate tensile strength at room temperature
FDBR
Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC)
BS 7159
If Sx is tensile:
(
sqrt S2x + 4Ss2 ) < Sh (OPE)
and
(
sqrt S2 + 4Ss2 ) < Sh*EH/EA (OPE)
or, if Sx is compressive:
S x Sx < Sh*EH/EA (OPE)
and
Sx < 1.25Sh (OPE)
Sx =
P( Dm )
+
xi(
sqrt (i M ) 2 + (i M )2
i xo o
)
( 4t ) Z
P( Dm )

xi i (
sqrt (i M )2 + (i M )2
xo o
Fx )
( 4t ) Z A
(If Fx/A > P(Dm)/(4t), and it is compressive)
MP( Dm )
S = (for straight pipes)
(2 t )

( ) + (i )
2
2
Mo
MP( Dm ) sqrt ii Mi o
= + (for bends)
( 2t ) Z

BS7159 (Continued)
=
MP( Dm )
+
( xi i xo o )
sqrt (i M ) 2 + (i M )2

(for tees) ,
(2 t ) Z
D m and t are always for the Run Pipe
Eff = Ratio of E to Ex
UKOOA
ab (f2/r) + PDm/ (4t) (f1 f2 LTHS) / 2.0
Where:
P = design pressure
Dm = pipe mean diameter
t = pipe wall thickness
f1 = factor of safety for 97.5% lower confidence limit, usually 0.85
f2 = system factory of safety, usually 0.67
ab = axial bending stress due to mechanical loads
r = a(0:1) /a(2:1)
a(0:1) = long term axial tensile strength in absence of pressure load
a(2:1) = long term axial tensile strength in under only pressure loading
LTHS = long term hydrostatic strength (hoop stress allowable)
BS 806
Straight Pipe
< SAOPE
fc = sqrt(F2 + 4fs2) < SASUS
< SAEXP
fs = Mt(d + 2t) / 4I
F = max (ft, fL)

ft = pd/2t + 0.5p
fL = pd2/[4t(d + t)] + (d + 2t)[sqrt(mi2 + mo2)] / 2I
Bends
< SAOPE
fc = sqrt (F2 + 4 fs2) < SASUS
< SAEXP
fs = Mt (d + 2t) /4I
F = max (ft, fL)

BS806 (Continued)
ft = r/I * sqrt[(miFTi)2 + (m0FTo)2]
fs = r/I * sqrt[(miFLi)2 + (m0FLo)2]
Branch Junctions
< SAOPE
2 2
fcb = q * sqrt[fb + 4fsb ] < SASUS
< SAEXP
fb = (d + t)*p*m/(2t) + r/I*sqrt[(miFTL)2 + (moFTO)2]

Fsb = Mt (d + 2t) / 4I
q = 1.0 except for operating cases
= .5 or .44 bases on d2/d1 ratio in operating cases

m = geometric parameter
EXP SA = min[H*Sproof ambient + H*Sproof design),

OPE SA = Savg rupture at design temperature
SUS SA = min[.8*Sproof , Screep rupture]
Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Hoop Stress: Sh <= ns SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Hoop Stress: Sh <= nu SMTS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: SL <= n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se <= n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
Sh = (Pi Pe) (D t) / 2t
ns = hoop stress yielding usage factor (see Tables C1 and C2 of the DNV Code)
SMYS = specified minimum yield strength, at operating temperature
nu = hoop stress bursting usage factor (see Tables C1 and C2 of the DNV Code)
SMTS = specified minimum tensile strength, at operating temperature
SL = maximum longitudinal stress
n = equivalent stress usage factor (see Table C4 of the DNV Code)
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 - ShSL 3t2]1/2

Node Locations on Bends
Bends are defined by the element entering the bend and the element leaving the bend. The
actual bend curvature is always physically at the TO end of the element entering the bend.
The element leaving a bend must appear immediately after the element defining (entering)
the bend.
The default bend radius is 1.5 times the pipe nominal OD.
For stress and displacement output the TO node of the element entering the bend is
located geometrically at the FAR point on the bend. The FAR point is at the weldline
of the bend, and adjacent to the straight element leaving the bend.
The NEAR point on the bend is at the weldline of the bend, and adjacent to the straight
element entering the bend.
The FROM point on the element is located at the NEAR point of the bend if the total
length of the element as specified in the DX, DY and DZ fields is equal to: Radius * tan(
Beta / 2 ) where Beta is the bend angle, and Radius is the bend radius of curvature to
the bend centerline.
Nodes defined in the ANGLE # and NODE # fields are placed at the given angle on the
bend curvature. The angle starts with zero degrees at the NEAR point on the bend and
goes to Beta degrees at the FAR point of the bend.
Angles are always entered in degrees.
By default, nodes on the bend curvature cannot be specified within five (5) degrees of one
another or within five degrees of the nearest endpoint. This and other bend settings may
be changed through the MAIN MENU, CONFIGURE-SETUP processor. (See pp Q5-6)
When the FROM node on the element entering the bend is not at the bend NEAR point
a node may be placed at the near point of the bend by entering an ANGLE # on the bend
spreadsheet equal to 0.0 degrees. (See the following figure.)
When defining a bend element for the first time in the pipe spreadsheet, nodes are
automatically placed at the near and mid point of the bend. The generated midpoint node
number is one less than the TO node number on the element, and the generated near point
node number is two less than the TO node number on the element. A near point should
always be included in the model in tight, highly formed piping systems.
The top-left figure below shows the points on the bend as they would be input. The top-
right figure shows the actual geometric location of the points on the bend. The bottom-
left figure shows the same geometry except that two nodes are defined on the bend
curvature at angles of zero and forty-five degrees.

For an animated tutorial on modeling bends, click the "animated Tutorials" option on the
"Help" menu.

CAESAR II Combined Index
The following index is a Combined Index, consisting of the index entries from all three
CAESAR II manuals. In this Combined Index, entries preceded with a U are referencing
the Users Guide, entries preceded with an A are referencing the Applications Guide,
and entries preceded with a T are referencing the Technical Reference Manual.
Numerics Added mass coefficient T6-33

Advanced U8-27, U8-32
180 degree return (fitting-to-fitting 90 deg. Advanced parameters T5-79, U8-19
bends) A2-6 Advanced parameters show screen U8-10
3-D graphics U5-39 Airy wave theory T6-29
3-D space T3-5 Airy wave theory implementation T6-32
AISC 1977 database T4-47
A AISC 1989 database T4-51
AISC database U10-5
About the CAESAR II documentation 1-4 Algebraic U6-24
ABS U6-25 Allow short range springs T3-33
ABS Method U8-18 Allowable
Absolute Load variation T3-32
Expansion load T6-4 Stress T2-38, T3-55
Method T5-72, T5-75 Stress tables T3-60
Acceleration Allowable load variation (%) T3-32
Factor T5-68 Allowable stress T2-38, T3-55
Vector T5-49, T5-58 Allowable stresses U5-16
Access T8-86 Allowed travel limit T3-33
Access-protected data T2-29 Alpha T4-7
Account number T7-2 Alpha tolerance A6-8, T2-4, T6-7, T3-8,
Accounting T7-2 U5-6
Menu T7-3 Alternating pressure T5-84
Summary reports T7-2 Ambient temperature T3-62, T3-63, U5-6
System T7-2 Analysis
Accounting file T7-7 Type T5-49
Accounting file structure T7-7 Analysis menu U4-6
Acoustic Analysis type (harmonic/spectrum/modes/
Flow problems T5-51 time-history) T5-49
Resonances T5-82 Analysis-statics A7-50, A9-28
Shock T5-85 Analyzing the dynamics job
Vibration T5-4 Eigensolver U8-34
Acoustic waves A7-29 Mode shapes U8-34
Activate Performing a harmonic analysis
Accounting tab T7-3 Forcing frequency U8-34
Actual cold loads U6-27 Phase angle U8-34
Actual pressure T2-21 Performing a modal analysis
Add T4-3 Eigensolver U8-33
Add f/a in stresses T2-11 Frequency cutoff U8-33
Add torsion in sl stress T2-11 Modes of vibration U8-33

Natural frequencies U8-33 Applications of CAESAR II 1-2
Sturm sequence check U8-33 Apply B31.8 Note 2 T2-12
Performing a spectral analysis Archive A8-33, U6-14
Mass participation factors U8-35 Archiving T9-12
Selection of phase angles Archiving and reinstalling 1-8
Harmonic results U8-35 Area T4-9
Harmonic stress U8-35 ASCE #7 wind loads U6-10
Analyzing water hammer loads A7-28 ASME
Anchors A3-2, T3-25 Sect. III T2-12
Anchors with displacements A3-3 Australian 1990 database T4-59
Anchors, flexible A3-5 Auto node number increment T2-14
Angle T4-23, T4-25, T3-13 Autorun U2-22
Angle field A2-2 Autorun feature U2-2
Angle to adjacent bend A2-3 Autorun feature, Re-enabling U2-22
Angular Autosave Time Interval T2-28
Forcing frequency T5-49 Auxiliary
Frequency T5-57, T5-58 Element data T8-64, T8-65
Angular gimbal A5-24 Processors T1-2
Angular-only gimballed joint A5-25 Auxiliary data area U5-10
Animation Auxiliary data fields
Motion U7-21 Auxiliary screens U5-10
Animation of dynamic results U9-14 Expansion joint
Dynamic animation U9-14 Effective diameter of bellows
Animation U9-15 U5-11
Dynamics review options U9-15 Pressure thrust in expansion joints
Animation of static results U7-21 U5-11
ANSI Auxiliary fields
A58.1 T6-22, T6-25 Boundary conditions T3-24
B36.10 T3-6 Component information T3-12
B36.10 Steel Pipe Numbers T3-6 Imposed loads T3-50
B36.19 T3-6 Piping code data T3-55
Nominal Pipe OD T3-6 Available commands U6-5
ANSI B16.5 U12-24 Available space T3-31
API 605 rating tables U12-24 Axes T2-18
API-650 Axial
Delta t T3-46 Elastic modulus T2-22
Fluid height T3-45 Modulus T3-10
Nozzle height T3-45 Restraint T3-62
Nozzles T3-44 Shape function T2-3
Reinforcing 1 or 2 T3-45 Stiffness T6-8
Specific gravity T3-45 Strain
Tank coefficient of thermal expansion Hoop stress T2-22
T3-45 Axial deflection A5-4
Tank diameter T3-45 Axial strain
Tank modulus of elasticity T3-46 Hoop Stress T2-22
Tank wall thickness T3-45 Axis Orientation Vertical T4-4
Application guide 1-4

B Bends with trunnions U12-7
Bends, double A2-4
B31.1 Bends, single-flanged A2-4
(post 1980) T2-11 Bends, stiffened A2-4
(pre 1980) T2-11 Bi-directional data transfer link T8-4
B31.1 reduced z fix T2-12 Bilinear restraints A3-47
B31.3 sustained case SIF factor T2-8 Bilinear springs U11-10
Backfill U11-12 Bilinear supports A3-47, U11-10
Backfill efficiency U11-12 Bolt tightening stress U12-23
Background T2-18 Bolts and gasket U12-21
Ball joints A6-5 Bonney forge sweepolets T3-19
Bandwidth U6-13 Bottom-out A4-15
Base hoop stress T2-10 Bottom-out spring A4-23
Base pattern T4-18 Boundary conditions U5-7, U9-12
Basic element data T8-62 Boxh T4-9
Basic load cases U6-18 Boxw T4-9
Basic loading case T6-5 Braces T4-30
Basic material yield strength T3-61 Fix T4-30
Basic operation U3-5 Free T4-30
Batch mode T7-8 Branch
Batch run U6-2 Connections T3-18, T3-19
Batch stream processing T7-8 Flexibilities T6-15
Beams T4-28 Pipe spreadsheet T3-21
Fix T4-29 Stress intensification T3-21
Free T4-29 Break command A9-26
Bellows T6-9 Browse CD Rom U2-15
Bellows angular stiffness A5-15 Browser U2-15
Bellows ID A5-2 BS 5500 nozzles T3-46
Bellows with pressure thrust A5-3 BS 5500 radio button T3-46
Bellows, Simple A5-2 BS 7159 T3-10, T3-19
Bellows, Tied A5-4, A5-8 BS 7159 pressure stiffening T2-21
Bend BS-806 U12-6
Angle A2-2, A2-3 Building elements T4-15
Auxiliary input A2-4 Elem, efill, egen, edim T4-15
Definition A2-2 Building spectrum load cases T5-25
Radius A2-2 Building static load cases U6-7
Bend data U5-10 Building the load cases U3-11
Bend stress intensification factors U12-5 Builds, Version 1-6
Bending stiffness T6-8 Buoyancy force T6-31
Bending stress U12-14 Buried pipe displacements U11-4
Bends A2-1, T3-12 Buried pipe example U11-14
Axial shape T2-3 Buried pipe restraints U11-3
Curvature T2-15 Butt weld T3-19, T3-65
Length attachment percent T2-15 Button
Miter T3-13 Get loads from output file A7-86
Node T3-22 Butt-welded tees T3-19
Radius T3-13

C Can design, Multiple A4-8
Can design, Single A4-4
Cad interfaces T8-4 Case U9-18
Cadcentre T8-61 Center of gravity report U3-11
Cadpipe example transfer T8-8 Tutorial U3-11
Cadpipe interface T8-5 Change password T2-29
Cadpipe log T8-13, T8-18 Checking the installation U2-12
Cadpipe/CAESAR II data transfer T8-17, Chopped strand mat T2-21, T3-12
T8-18 Circumferential
CADWorx/PIPE 1-3 (hoop) direction T3-58, T3-60
CADWorx/PIPE database T2-24 Weld T3-19
CADWorx/PIPE link T8-4 Weld joint efficiency T3-57, T3-60
CAESAR II Weld strength factor T3-60
Fatal error processing T7-10 Class 1
File guide T9-2 Flexibility calculations T2-12
Initial capabilities (12/84) T10-2 Intersection flexibilities T6-13
Log file T8-21 Class 1 branch flexibility T2-12, T6-13
Neutral file interface T8-61 Closely spaced mitered bend A2-8
Operational (job) data files T9-12 Closely spaced mode criteria T5-67
Version 1.1s features (2/86) T10-3 CNode T3-25, T5-46
Version 2.0a features (10/86) T10-4 CNodes A3-6, A3-22, A3-32
Version 2.1c features (6/87) T10-5 Coade technical support T1-3
Version 2.2b features (9/88) T10-6 Coade technical support contact information
Version 3.0 features (4/90) T10-7 A1-2
Version 3.1 features (11/90) T10-8 Code
Version 3.15 features (9/91) T10-9 Compliance T6-18, T3-56
Version 3.16 features (12/91) T10-10 Code compliance U8-5
Version 3.17 features (3/92) T10-11 Code Compliance Report U7-11
Version 3.18 features (9/92) T10-12 Code stresses for dynamics U9-7
Version 3.19 features (3/93) T10-14 Code-calculated T3-21
Version 3.20 features (10/93) T10-16 Code-calculated stress T3-22
Version 3.21 changes & enhancements Code-calculated values T3-20
(7/94) T10-18 Codes T3-56
Version 3.22 changes & enhancements Codes and databases T10-12
(4/95) T10-20 Cold
Version 3.23 changes (3/96) T10-22 Allowable stress T3-56
Version 3.24 changes & enhancements Load design T3-29
(3/97) T10-23 Modulus T3-63
Version 4.00 changes and enhancements Spring T6-4, T3-8, T3-9
(1/98) T10-26 Spring element T6-5
Version 4.10 changes and enhancements Sustained T6-20
(1/99) T10-27 Cold load T3-38
CAESAR II interfaces T8-2 Cold loads U6-27
CAESAR II Technical Changes 1-10 Cold spring A6-8
CAESAR II, About 1-2 Column reports U7-5
Caesar.cfg T2-2 Columns T4-32
Can available space T3-31 Fix T4-32
Can design A4-8 Free T4-32

Combination cases A7-30 Core piping, Input A7-75
Combination load cases U6-18 Corroded
Combination Method U8-18 Cases T2-10
Combination Methods U6-24 Corroded pipelines, B31G
Combining static and dynamic results T5-33 Calculating corroded area U12-28
Commands T1-2, U6-5 Flaw Length U12-28
Compressed formatting T9-7 Corrosion T2-10, T3-7
Computation control T2-3 Cpu time used T7-2
Computation Control tab A4-2 Crane database T2-24
Computational interfaces T8-79 Create a new units file T2-31
Computed mass flowrate T5-89, T5-93 Create table T5-24
Computervision interface T8-20, T8-21 Creep rupture design stress value T3-61
Computervision neutral file T8-20, T8-21 Creep rupture stress T3-57
Computervision/CAESAR II data transfer Critical damping T5-68
T8-21, T8-26 Cross section area T4-9
Concentrated forces U8-2 Crotch radius T3-19
Concentric reducer modeling A6-3 Cryogenic piping dynamics example A7-36
Concentric reducers A6-2 Cumulative usage U9-8
Configuration T1-2, U2-12 Cumulative Usage Report U7-12
Program T3-6 Current data T6-37
Spreadsheets T2-2 Current profile T6-31
Configuration/setup A7-68 Curve boundary T3-40
Configure Curved pipe T3-19
Button T2-2 Customizable Toolbar U5-3
Configure-setupgeometry A2-3 Customize Toolbar U5-3
Connect geometry through CNodes A4-12, Cut long T6-5
T2-14 Cut short T6-5, T3-8
Connecting node displacements A4-10 Cutoff
Connecting nodes A4-10, A7-79, T2-14, See non-conservative, conservative, and
T3-25, U10-20 optimal T5-66
Conservative cutoff T5-66 Cutoff frequency U8-10
Constant effort hanger T6-12 Cyclic frequency T5-57
Constant effort support T6-12 Cyclic reduction factor T3-60
Constant effort support design A4-5 Cyclic reduction factor fields T3-63
Constant effort supports A4-6 Cyclic stress range U8-2
Constant force value T6-16
Construction element U5-6 D
Contact information U2-18
Control Damped harmonics T5-51
Parameters T1-2 Damping T5-50, T5-68, U8-13
Control information T8-62 Damping (time history or dsrss) (ratio of
Control parameters U8-5, U8-10, U8-13, critical) T5-68
U8-19, U8-26, U8-31 Damping matrix T5-49
Control stops, Lateral A5-18 Damping ratio T5-58, T5-75
Controlling the dynamic solution T5-3 Data
Convergence error T2-4 Files T9-4, T9-12
Convert input to new units T2-33 Set T9-5
Core piping A6-6, A7-75 Data Export Wizard T8-95

Data fields U5-3 Stress range A8-27
Data matrix interface T8-53, T8-78 Vector A3-4, T5-49, T5-58
Data processing - stat T4-45 Displacement load case U6-26
Database definitions T2-23 Displacement submenu U7-17
database management T8-86 Displacements T3-49, U5-13, U7-6, U9-5
Decomposition singularity tolerance T2-5, Displacements, Non-zero A3-3
T5-79 Distance to opposite-side stiffener or head
Default code T2-7 T3-42, T3-48
Default restraint stiffness T2-6 Distance to stiffener or head T3-42, T3-48
Default rotational restraint stiffness T2-6 DLF curves T5-85
Default spring hanger table T2-24 DLF spectrum A7-12
Default translational restraint stiffness T2-6 DLF spectrum files A7-23
Definition of a load case U6-16 DLF spectrum generator U8-23
Deformation A6-6 Does the vent pipe have an umbrella fitting
Delete T4-3 (y/n) T5-87
Delta x T3-3 Double sum method (DSRSS) T5-74
Delta y T3-3 Double-acting restraint (rotational) A3-18
Delta z T3-3 Double-acting restraints A3-17
Dens T4-7 Double-acting restraints (translational)
Densities U5-8 A3-17
Density T2-37, T3-11 Drag coefficient T6-39
Depth-decay function T6-36 Driving frequencies U8-5
Design Driving frequency T5-82, T5-84
CADWorx/PIPE 1-3 Dual gimbal A5-28
Design strain T2-21 Dummy leg on bends, Horizontal A3-40
Design stress T3-58 Dummy leg, Vertical A3-36
Diagnostics menu U4-9 Dx T3-3
Diagnostics-error review T7-10 DXF Autocad interface T8-4
Diagonal damping matrix T5-58 DXF file T8-4
Diagonal stiffness matrix T5-58 Dy T3-3
Diameter T3-6 Dynamic
Diameter field T3-6 Analyses T5-61
Diffraction effects T6-36 Analysis input T5-2
Direction T5-11, T5-14, T5-25, T5-38, T5-43 Control parameters T1-2
Directional combination method T5-77 Displacement criteria T5-82
DIRECTIVE DATA T5-34 Earthquake T6-22
Directory structure T9-2 Equation of motion T5-49
Discharge nozzle A9-8, A9-22 Example input text T2-27
Discontiguous systems A7-79 Input T1-2
Disp U6-22 Input processor T5-47
Disp/Force/Stress U6-22 Load T5-3
Disp/Stress U6-22 Load factor T5-52, T5-54, T5-63,
Displaced shape T2-18 T8-80, T8-85
Displacement T3-49, T5-14 Load factor spectrum T5-56
Loads T6-4 Loads T5-51
Range T6-18 Problem T5-51
Report A7-16, A7-30 Dynamic amplitude U8-2
Reports T2-26 Dynamic analysis A7-58

Dynamic analysis input processor U8-6 % Force active U9-12
Dynamic analysis types U8-7 % Force added U9-12
Dynamic input commands U8-8 % Mass included U9-11
Initiating dynamic input U8-6 Extracted modes U9-11
Prerequisites for dynamic input U8-6 Missing mass correction U9-11
Dynamic analysis of independent support System response U9-11
earthquake excitation A7-36 Local forces, dynamics U9-6
Dynamic analysis of water hammer loads Mass model U9-12
A7-20 Lumped masses U9-12
Dynamic animation U9-14 Mass participation factors U9-9
Dynamic capabilities Modes mass normalized U9-10
Harmonic analysis U8-2 Modes unity normalized U9-10
Concentrated forces U8-2 Natural frequencies U9-10
Cyclic stress range U8-2 Report types, dynamics
Dynamic amplitude U8-2 Displacements, dynamic output
Equipment start-up U8-2 U9-5
Fluid pulsation U8-2 Report options U9-5
Forcing frequencies U8-2 Restraints, dynamics U9-5
Phase angle U8-2 Maximum load on restraints U9-5
Rotating equipment U8-2 Maximum modal contribution
Vibration U8-2 U9-5
Modal analysis U8-2 Mode identification line U9-5
Mode shapes U8-2 Spectrum results U9-3
Natural frequency U8-2 Static/dynamic combinations U9-3
Spectrum analysis U8-2 Stresses, dynamics U9-7
Impulse analysis U8-2 Code stresses for dynamics U9-7
Relief valve U8-2 Stress intensification factors U9-7
Response spectrum method U8-2 Stress report U9-7
Response vs. frequency spectra Time history results U9-3
U8-2 Dynamic responses U8-3
Sustained stresses in spectrum Dz T3-3
analysis U8-2
Time history analysis U8-3 E
Dynamic capabilities in CAESAR II U8-2
Dynamic control parameters T5-47 Earthquake
Dynamic imbalance U8-12 Effects T5-3
Dynamic load case number U8-18 Load T5-53
Dynamic load factor U8-20 Load magnitudes T6-22
Dynamic load specification U8-5 Spectrum T5-68
Dynamic output processor U9-2 Static load cases T6-22
Boundary conditions U9-12 Earthquake (spectrum) U8-14
Friction resistance U9-12 Earthquake excitation, Independent support
Nonlinear restraints U9-12 A7-36
Forces/stresses, dynamics U9-8 Earthquake input spectrum
Global forces, dynamics U9-7 Spectrum definitions U8-14
Harmonic results U9-2 Response spectrum table U8-14
General results U9-3 Shock definition U8-14
Included mass data U9-11 Spectrum data U8-14

Spectrum name U8-14 Enable Autosave T2-28
Spectrum load cases End connection information T4-26
Earthquake U8-16 End connections U10-7
El Centro earthquake data U8-17 Ending frequency T5-8
Independent support motion Endurance limit T5-52
U8-17 Entering the dynamic analysis input menu
Spectrum load cases example U8-17 U8-6
Static/dynamic combinations Entity information T8-14
ABS U8-18 Entry into the processor U9-2
Combination method U8-18 Entry into the static output processor U7-2
Hanger sizing for dynamics U8-18 EQP toolbar A9-10
Occasional allowable stress U8-18 Equation
Occasional dynamic stresses for pipe under complete axial restraint
U8-18 T3-62
Occasional Stress U8-18 for stress T3-62
Piping codes for earthquakes Equipment and component evaluation U12-2
U8-18 Bend SIFs
SRSS U8-18 Trunnion U12-6
Sustained static stresses U8-18 Bends with trunnions
Earthquakes U8-24 Trunnions U12-7
Eccentric reducer modeling A6-4 Equipment checks U12-2
Eccentric reducers A6-2 Flanges attached to bend ends
Edit menu U5-25 BS-806 U12-6
Eff T3-59 Flexibility U12-6
Eff, cf, z T2-37 Ovalization U12-6
Effective diameter U5-11 Intersection SIFs U12-3
Effective gasket modulus U12-24 Pressure stiffening
Effective ID T3-16 Flexibility factor U12-6
Efill T4-16 Stress intensification factor U12-6
Egen T4-18 Stress concentrations and intensifications
Eigensolution A7-4, T5-57, U8-5 Peak stress index U12-7
Eigensolver U8-33, U8-34 Stress concentration factor U12-7
Eigensolver algorithm T5-54 Trunnion U12-7
Eigenvalue T5-57 Equipment report A9-10
Eigenvalues T5-79 Equipment start-up U8-2
El centro U8-15 Equipment vibration T5-4
Elastic Equivalent wind pressure T6-25
Modulus T2-38, T3-62, T3-63 Error checking U6-2
Elbows - different wall thickness A2-13 Commands, error checking U6-5
Elbows, pressure-balanced A5-30 Errors, warnings, and notes U6-2
Elem T4-15 Error checking the model U3-10
Element Error code definitions T8-13, T8-14
Offsets T3-5 Error handling and analyzing the job U8-33
Element Direction Cosines U5-4 Errors
Element length U11-4 Errors and warnings U3-10
Element lengths U5-4 ESL U2-9, U8-33
Elevation T6-27 ESL drivers U2-17
Elevation table entry T6-25 ESL installation on a network U2-20

ESL menu U4-10 Expansion load case A7-86
Example T4-17, T4-19, T4-25, T4-29, T4-31, Expansion load cases U3-11, U6-26
T4-33, T4-34, T4-36, T4-38, Expansion stresses A8-27
T4-41, T8-80, T8-82 Exponential format T3-3
Dynamic analysis A7-58 Extended
Dynamic analysis (nureg9) A7-58 Operating conditions T3-8, T3-9
Dynamic analysis of independent support Range T3-29
earthquake excitation A7-36 External interface T8-2
Dynamic analysis of water hammer loads External software lock A8-5
A7-20 ESL updating U4-10
Dynamic analysis of water hammer loads Local ESL U2-20
(hammer) A7-20 Network ESL U2-20
Harmonic analysis A7-2 Extra thermal case T6-6
Harmonic analysis (table) A7-2 Extracted T2-3
Jacketed piping A7-72 Extracted modes U9-11
Jacketed piping (jacket) A7-72
Natural frequency analysis A7-2 F
NEMA SM23 A7-95
Omega loop modeling A7-66 Fac T2-38, T3-62
Omega loop modeling (omega) A7-66 Factor T5-25, T5-33
Relief valve loads A7-7 Fatal error dialog U6-3
Relief valve loads (relief) A7-7 Fatigue
Structural analysis A7-47 Curve data T3-65
Structural analysis (frame) A7-47 Cycle T3-59
WRC 107 A7-82 Evaluations T3-65
Example problem of a multiple load-case Factor T3-59
spring-hanger design T3-35 Fatigue (FAT) U6-8, U6-17
Example transfer T8-29 Fatigue curve U5-16
Excel T8-86 Fatigue curve data U5-17
Excitation frequency U8-11 Fatigue curve dialog U5-17
Exe files - required T9-3 Fatigue failure U9-8
Executing static analysis U3-13 Fatigue load cases U9-8
Execution of static analysis U6-12 Fatigue loadings U7-12
Existing file to start from T2-32 Fatigue stress types U6-8, U8-11, U8-17,
Exit U2-19 U9-8
Exit pipe end flow conditions T5-94 Fatigue-type load cases U7-12
Exp. coeff. T2-38 Fetch length T6-28
Expansion Fiberglass reinforced plastic T2-20, T3-10,
Case allowable stress T3-63 T3-12
Coefficient T2-38, T3-63 File menu U4-3, U5-23
Stress T6-18, T3-62, T3-63 File-Cleanup/Delete Files A9-34
Stress allowable T3-61 Files
Stress range T6-18, T6-19 -Clean up T9-2
Expansion joint U5-6, U5-11, U5-29 Compatibility T6-10
Expansion joint rating A5-4, A5-10 Files-accounting T7-7
Expansion joints A5-1, A5-2, A5-6, A5-8, Fillet T3-19
A5-10, T2-24, T6-8, T3-16 Fillet weld T3-65
Database T2-24 Final CAESAR II data T8-17

Finite length expansion joints T3-16 Force orthogonalization after convergence
Fitting (y/n) T5-81
Flexibility factor T2-20 Force response spectrum definitions T5-23
Outside radius T3-18 Force set # T5-26, T5-39
Thickness T3-14 Force sets A7-12, U8-5, U8-24, U8-28,
Flange leakage and stress calculations T10-9 U8-30
Flange leakage/stress calculations U12-19 Force spectrum methodology U8-20
Flange leakage U12-19 Force Stress U6-22
Methodology U12-19 Forces T3-50, U5-14
Flange rating Forces and moments T3-50
ANSI B16.5 U12-24 Forces at elbows T5-6
API 605 U12-24 Forces/moments submenu U7-18
Rating Tables U12-24 Forces/moments, Conversion to WRC 107
Leak pressure ratio local axes A7-83
Gasket Factor U12-24 Forces/stresses U9-8
Flange modeler U12-24 Force-time profiles U8-28, U8-29
Flange rating U12-24 Forcing frequency U8-2, U8-34
Flanges attached to bend ends U12-6 Free
Flaw length U12-28 Anchor/restraint at node T3-36
Flexibility Code T3-37
Analysis T3-63 End connections T4-26
Factor T2-20, T3-10, T3-13 Free code option A4-13
Matrix T6-18 French petrochemical code T6-20
Orientation T3-47 Frequency U8-13
Flexible anchors A3-5 Array spaces T5-81
Flexible anchors with predefined Cutoff T5-63, T5-65
displacements A3-6 Frequency cutoff A7-4, U8-33
Flexible nozzle (WRC bulletin 297) A3-8 Friction
Flexible nozzle w/ complete vessel model Angle variation T2-5
A3-12 Coefficient T3-27
Flexible nozzle w/ predefined displacements Normal force variation T2-4
A3-11 Restraint stiffness T2-4
Flexible nozzles U5-20 Slide multiplier T2-5
Fluid Stiffness T2-4
Bulk modulus T5-93 Stiffness factor T5-62
Density T3-11, T5-93 Friction effects U8-4
Hammer T5-6 Friction resistance U9-12
Loads T6-31 Friction restraints U8-4
Fluid pulsation U8-2 Friction stiffness U8-4
Fn T3-59 FRP
Force T5-11, T5-24, T5-38, T5-58, U6-22 Alpha T2-22
Orthogonalization after convergence Data T9-6
T5-81 Laminate type T2-21
Sets T5-59 Modulus of elasticity T2-22
Spectrum T5-6 Pipe density T2-22
Spectrum analysis T5-56 Pipe properties T2-20
Spectrum name T5-23 Property data file T2-21
FRP flexibilities T2-20

FRP sif T2-20 H
Ftg ro T3-18
Full run 1-9 Hanger U5-21, U6-27
Algorithm T6-11
G Auxiliary data field T3-24
Between two pipes A4-12
G T4-7 Data A4-3
Gap T3-27 Default restraint stiffness T2-6
Gas thrust load calculations A7-9 Design A4-2, A4-11, T6-10
Gasket factor U12-24 Design algorithm T6-11
Gas-specific heats T5-87 Design control dialog T6-12
General Method A6-8 Design control spreadsheet T3-33
General notes T8-12 Design with anchors A4-13
General properties T4-3 Design with anchors in the vicinity
Generate files U6-5 A4-13
Generating input, Tutorial A8-5 Design with support thermal movement
Generation of the CAESAR II configuration A4-11
file T2-2 Design with user-specified operating load
Generic neutral files T8-61 A4-14
Geninc T4-19 Hot loads T6-10
Genincto T4-19 Run control spreadsheet T3-29
Genlast T4-19 Sizing algorithm A8-26, T6-10
Geometry directives T2-14 Supported from vessel A4-10
German 1991 database T4-57 Table T3-28
Get loads from output Travel T6-10
Button A9-9, A9-22 Type restraint T3-26
Gimbal joint A5-24 Hanger assembly, Trapeze A4-8
Global Hanger available space T3-31
Level T3-34 Hanger design control data U5-31
Load vector T6-16 Hanger design, Simple A4-3
Stiffness matrix T6-11 Hanger selection
X direction T3-3 Actual cold loads U6-27
Y direction T3-3 Additional hanger U6-27
Z direction T3-3 Design load cases U6-27
Global element forces U7-7 Hanger sizing load cases U6-27
Global forces U9-7 Hot load U6-26
Global restraints - fix T4-34 Operating load cases U6-27
Gram-schmidt orthogonalizations T5-80 Recommended load cases U6-27
Graphical output U7-16 Restrained weight U6-26
Graphics updates T10-8 Spring hanger design U6-27
Gravitational acceleration constant T6-22 Hanger sizing U6-27, U8-18
Gravity loads - gloads T4-39 Hanger table with text A9-29
Grinnell springs T3-29 Hangers A4-1, T3-28
Group modal combination method T5-67 Hangers/nozzles T2-17
Grouping method T5-73 Hardware requirements U2-3
Guides A3-20 Harmonic T5-4, U8-11, U8-34
Analysis A7-2, A7-4, T6-27, T5-49,
T5-51, T5-82

Displacements T5-14 Horizontal threshold value T2-16
Equation T5-49 Hot
Force data A7-5 Allowable stress T3-58
Forces and displacements T5-11 Hanger loads T3-37
Load T5-82, T5-83 Load T6-10, T3-29
Load vector T5-49 Load design T3-30
Loads A7-2 Modulus T3-63
Method T5-4 Sustained T6-20
Profile T5-4 Hot load U6-26
Harmonic analysis U8-2, U8-5 Html help facility U2-16
Harmonic analysis input Hydrodynamic loading of piping systems
Harmonic displacements U8-12 T6-28
Harmonic forces U8-11 Hydrodynamic loads T6-31
Harmonic load definition U8-11
Excitation frequency U8-11 I
Phasing of harmonic loads
Damping U8-13 ID manifold piping T5-92
Frequency U8-13 ID of relief valve orifice T5-86
Harmonic control parameters ID of relief valve piping T5-86
U8-13 ID of vent stack piping T5-86
Harmonic force U8-13 ID relief exit piping T5-92
Pressure wave U8-12 ID relief orifice or rupture disk opening T5-92
Reciprocating pumps U8-12 ID supply header T5-92
Rotating equipment U8-12 Idealized
Harmonic control parameters U8-13 Allowable stress envelope T3-59
Harmonic displacements U8-12 Identical results T2-2
Harmonic force U8-11, U8-13 IEEE 344-1975 T5-71
Harmonic loads U8-11 IGE/TD/12 U5-5, U5-17
Harmonic results U8-35, U9-2 IGE/tD/12 code T3-7, T3-14, T3-65
Harmonic stress U8-35 Ignore spring hanger stiffness T2-6
Header stress intensification T3-21 Importance factor T6-23, T6-26
Help menu U4-11 Impulse T5-6, U8-26
Help screen T3-4 Impulse analysis U8-2
Help screens and units T3-3 Impulse profile T5-6
Highlight command U5-37, U5-45 Inccrement T4-16, T4-19, T4-27, T4-38,
Highlights T2-18 T4-40
Hinge joint, Slotted A5-21, A5-22 Include
Hinged joint A5-19 Missing mass components T5-76
Hinges, plastic A3-52 Missing mass components (y/n) T5-76
Hoop Pseudostatic (anchor movement)
Direction T3-58 components T5-76
Elastic modulus T2-22 Included force T5-65
Modulus T3-10 Included mass T5-63
Stress T3-62 Included mass data U9-11
Stress in the pipe T3-63 Incmatid T4-17, T4-19
Stress value T2-10 Incore numerical check T2-5
Hoops U5-39 Incore solution U6-12
Horizontal thermal bowing tolerance T2-15 Increment T4-24, T5-8, T5-12, T5-44

Incsecid T4-17, T4-19 Intergraph data after bend modifications
Incto T4-17, T4-19, T4-24, T4-27, T4-38, T8-46
T4-41 Intergraph data after element sort T8-39
Independent shock T5-71 Intergraph data after tee/cross modifications
Independent support motion A7-58, T5-56, T8-40
T5-76, U8-17 Intergraph data after valve modifications
Independent support motion applications T8-41
T5-55 Intergraph interface T8-23
Independent support motion load cases T5-77 Intermodal correlation coefficient T5-74
Index numbers, structural steel input U10-5 Internet Explorer U2-16
Inertia coefficient T6-39 Interpolation parameters T2-5
In-plane stress intensification T3-22 Intersection model T3-17
Input Intersection stress intensification factors
Constant effort supports A4-6 U12-3
Data A9-6 Intersections T3-19
Data cells T3-3, T3-56 Iso T8-4
Dynamic T9-12
Fields T1-2 J
Review A8-20
Session A8-25 Jacket, Input A7-76, A7-80
Soil T9-12 Jacketed pipe A6-6
Static T9-12 Jacketed piping A7-72
Structural T9-12 Jacketed piping systems A7-72
Structural steel A7-48 Jacobi sweep tolerance T5-79
Input items optionally effecting sif calculations Jacobus T8-61
T3-18 JIS nominal pipe od T3-6
Input listing U9-12 JIS pipe schedule T3-7
Input menu U4-5
Input overview based on analysis category K
U8-9
Input presentation - plot, list, stat T4-42 Kaux menu U5-32
Insert T4-3 Kaux menu items
Insert weldolets T3-19 Include Piping Input Files U5-34
Installation U2-2, U2-4 Include structural input files U5-35
Installation directory T2-2 Review sifs U5-32
Installation menu options U2-4 Review SIFs at Bend Node U5-32
Installation process U2-4 Special execution parameters U5-32
Installed load T6-11 Kaux-include structural files U10-7
Installed load case T6-11 Keulegan-carpenter number T6-33
Installed weight T6-11 Kinematic viscosity T6-39
Insul thk T3-7 Korean 1990 database T4-62
Insulation T3-7
Insulation density T3-11, U5-9 L
Interfaces T1-2
Interfaces added T10-12 Labels T2-18
Intergraph Laminate
Data T8-42 Type T2-21, T3-12
Interface T8-26 Last T4-17, T4-19, T4-24, T4-27, T4-38,
T4-41

Lateral bearing length U11-4 Example of load cases U6-18
Lateral deflection A5-4 Expansion load case U6-26
Lateral force T6-22 Occasional load cases U6-26
Layout of nodes A7-73 Operating load cases U6-26
Leak pressure ratio U12-24 Recommended load cases U3-11
Lease 1-9 Stress category U6-16
Length of manifold piping T5-93 Stress types U6-17
Length of relief exit piping T5-93 Sustained load case U6-26
Length of the vent stack T5-86 Types of load cases U3-12
License types Types of loads U6-16
Full run 1-9 Load cycles U6-18
Lease 1-9 Load duration (time history or dsrss method)
Limited run 1-9 T5-67
Lift coefficient T6-39 Load vector
Lift force T6-31 Applied T5-49
Lift-off A4-15 Load, Ultimate U11-10
Limit stops A3-22 Loading conditions U5-7
Limited run 1-9 Loads T4-36
Line Loads, Large A7-72
Pressure T5-86 Local element forces U7-8
Temperature T5-86 Local flexibilities T6-13
Line drawing U5-37, U5-45 Local forces U9-6
LIQT interface T8-79 Log file T8-23
LIQT nodes T8-79 Longitudinal
Liquid vent system T5-91 Stress T2-10
LISP T8-4 Longitudinal weld joint efficiency T3-56,
List T4-43 T3-59, T3-60
Listing T9-13 Loop closure tolerance T2-15
Load Lumped masses U8-9
Duration T5-67, T5-75
Forcing frequency T5-68 M
Profiles T5-59
Range T3-29 Main menu U4-2
Load case T6-7, T5-33 Analysis
Load case list U6-8 Menu items U4-6
Load Case Options Tab U6-21 File U3-2
Load Case Report U7-13 Default data directory U4-3
Load cases U3-2, U3-14, U5-6, U5-7, U5-21, Input file types U4-4
U5-24, U6-7, U6-8, U6-12, U6-13, New command U4-3
U6-14, U6-16, U6-18, U6-20, Open command U4-4
U6-26, U7-2, U7-3, U7-4, U7-12, Select an existing job file U4-4
U7-14, U7-16, U7-17, U7-20, Input
U7-21, U8-11, U8-15, U8-26, Data entry U3-6
U8-35, U9-3, U9-5, U9-8, U9-9, Input menu items U4-5
U9-10, U9-11, U9-15, U10-7, Main show menu U7-17
U10-28, U12-12 Major steps in dynamics input U8-5
Basic load cases U3-12 Make units file T2-30
Combination load cases U3-12, U6-18 Manifold pipe end flow conditions T5-94

Manifold piping T5-92 Miche limit T6-30
Marine growth T6-36 Mill tol % T3-7
Mass T5-43 Mill tolerance T3-7
Flowrate T5-89, T5-93 Min U6-25
Matrix T5-49 Minimum
Mass and stiffness model U8-5 Allowed bend angle T2-15
Mass and stiffness model, Modifying U8-13, Angle to adjacent bend T2-15
U8-19, U8-26, U8-28, U8-31 Temperature curve T2-38
Mass correction, Missing U9-11 Wall mill tolerance T2-6
Mass model U8-9, U9-12 Yield strength T3-61
Mass participation factors U8-35, U9-9 Yield stress T3-62
Mass participation report A7-14, A7-30 Miscellaneous T2-26, T10-9
Material Changes T10-12
- Add T2-35 Data group T8-71
- Delete T2-35 Modifications T10-8
- Edit T2-35 Missing
Coefficient of thermal expansion T4-7 Mass T5-63
Database T2-35, T9-2 Mass combination method T5-77
Density T4-7 Mass correction T5-76
Fatigue curves T3-65 Mass ZPA T2-3
Files T2-21 Missing mass correction A7-29, U9-11
ID number T4-6 Miter points T3-13
Identification T4-6 Mitered bend, evenly spaced A2-7
Name T3-9 Mitered bend, widely spaced A2-10
Properties T3-10 Mitered bends A2-7
Material elastic properties U5-8 Miters T3-13
Material fatigue curve U5-16 Miters, closely spaced A2-7
Material name U5-8 Modal U8-9
Material number U5-8 Combination method T5-72
Materials T3-9 Combinations T5-72
Matid T4-6, T4-17, T4-19 Components T5-71
Max U6-25 Extraction T5-52, T5-57
Max. no. of Eigenvalues calculated T5-62 Modal analysis U8-2
Maximum Modal analysis input
Shear theory T2-8 Control parameters
Maximum allowed bend angle T2-15 Cutoff frequency U8-10
Maximum allowed travel limit T3-33 Modes of vibration U8-10
Maximum table frequency T5-23 Lumped masses U8-9
Mechanical resonances T5-82 Modes of vibration U8-9
Member weight load T4-38 Natural frequencies U8-9
Membrane stress U12-14 System response U8-9
Memory allocated T2-27 Mass model U8-9
Menu Modes of vibration U8-9
Accounting T7-3 Natural frequencies U8-9
Items T1-2 System response U8-9
Menu commands U5-23 Mode identification line U9-5
Methods for modeling dummy legs on bends Mode shape T5-57, T5-60, T5-82
A3-36 Mode shapes U8-2, U8-34

Model menu U5-28 Modified theories T6-36
Model menu items Modifying mass and stiffness model U8-13,
Expansion joints U5-29 U8-19, U8-26, U8-28, U8-31
Hanger design control data U5-31 Modifying mass lumping T5-43
Title U5-30 Modulus of elasticity T3-10
Valve U5-29 Modulus ratio T3-63
Model modifications for dynamic analysis Moments T3-50
U8-3 Morrisons equation T6-31
Control parameter U8-5 Motion U7-21
Dynamics U8-5 Multi-degree-of-freedom system T5-68
Conversion from static input U8-5 Multiple load case design T3-34
Mass and stiffness model U8-5
Friction effects U8-4 N
Friction restraints U8-4
Friction stiffness U8-4 N1 T4-13, T4-16, T4-18, T4-24, T4-26,
Nonlinear restraints in dynamics U8-3 T4-37, T4-40
Dynamic responses, nonlinear Name T4-8, T5-17
effects U8-3 Name of the converted file T2-34
Nonlinear supports U8-3 Name of the input file to convert T2-33
Static load case for nonlinear Name of the units file to use T2-33
restraint U8-3 Natural frequencies U8-5, U8-9, U8-33,
Specifying loads U8-5 U9-10
Code compliance U8-5 Natural frequency T5-57
Driving frequencies U8-5 Near/Far Point Method A3-36
Dynamic load specification U8-5 NEMA A7-95
Force set specification U8-5 Network ESLs U2-21
Harmonic analysis U8-5 Neutral file T8-78
Load cases U8-5 Neutral file interface T8-61
Natural frequencies U8-5 Neutral file transfer T8-2
Occasional stresses U8-5 New units file name T2-32
Point loads U8-5 Nfill T4-12
Shock results U8-5 Ngen T4-13
Static results U8-5 No rft/wlt in reduced fitting sifs T2-12
Model-break A9-26 No. hangers at location T3-33
Modeling dummy legs on bends A3-36 No. of iterations per shift (0-pgm computed)
Modeling friction effects T6-16 T5-80
Modeling plan A7-73 No. to converge before shift allowed (0-not
Modeling reducers A6-2 used) T5-80
Modeling techniques T1-2 Nodal coordinate data T8-77
Modeling, Guidelines A9-12 Nodal degree of freedom A3-3
Models, Complex A5-4 Nodal displacements T6-16
Models, Miscellaneous A6-1 Node T2-15, T4-11, T3-13, T3-25, T5-38,
Models, Simple A5-4 T5-45
Modes U8-33 Number T3-3, T3-13, T3-20, T3-25
Modes mass normalized U9-10 Node fields A2-2
Modes of vibration T5-54, U8-9, U8-10, Node number T3-3
U8-33 Node numbers U5-3
Modes unity normalized U9-10 Nodes T2-17

Nodes in space T4-11 Occasional dynamic stresses U8-18
Nominal pipe OD T3-6 Occasional load case A7-86
Nominal pipe schedules T3-6 Occasional load cases U6-26
Nominal pipe size U5-5 Occasional stress U8-2, U8-5, U8-18
Non-conservative cutoff T5-66 Ocean currents T6-33
Nonlinear Ocean wave particulars T6-29
Code compliance T6-18 Ocean waves T6-28
Piping code compliance T6-18 ODBC T8-86, T8-93
Restraint T6-18 ODBC drivers U2-15
Nonlinear effects U8-3 Off-diagonal coefficients T2-5
Nonlinear restraint status U8-3 Offset element method A3-36
Nonlinear restraints T6-19, U6-14, U9-12 Offset gimbal A5-24
Nonlinear supports U8-3 Offset gimbal joint A5-26
Non-zero displacements A3-3 Offsets U5-22
Note dialog U6-5 Offsetting T6-4
Notes on Occasional Load Cases T6-21 Old spring A4-9
Notes on Printing or Saving Reports to a File Old spring redesign A4-9
U7-14 Omega loop A7-66
Novell file server ESL installation U2-20 Omega loop modeling A7-66
Novell workstation ESL installation U2-20 On Curvature Method A3-36
Nozzle On-diagonal coefficient T2-5
Auxiliary data field T3-24, T3-39, Online documentation U2-19
T3-44 Operating
Flexibilities T3-24 Analysis T6-18
Nozzle data U12-12 Case T6-10
Nozzle diameter T3-42, T3-45, T3-47 Case vertical displacement T6-10
Nozzle flexibility U12-18 Load field T3-34
Nozzle flexibility - WRC 297 T3-39 Loads T3-30, T3-34
Nozzle load summation report A7-100 Pressure T3-64
Nozzle loads A9-22, U12-13 Temperature T3-62, T3-63
Nozzle node number T3-41, T3-44, T3-47 Thermal cases T3-34
Nozzle results for pt69m A7-99 Operating conditions
Nozzle screen U12-17 Temperatures and pressures U5-5
Nozzle spreadsheet A3-12 Operating load cases U6-26
Nozzle wall thickness T3-42, T3-45 Operating load, User-specified A4-14
NRC Optimal cutoff T5-66
Benchmark problems A7-58 Ordinate T5-22
Spectrum example A7-58 Orient T4-24
NRC example NUREG9 A7-58 Orifice flow conditions T5-94
Nuclear Regulatory Guide 1.92 T5-72 Ortho T8-4
Number formats T3-4 Orthogonal T3-27
Number of points in the table T5-23 Out-of-core eigensolver (y/n) T5-81
Number to converge before shift allowed Output T9-13
T5-80 Plotting U7-16
Processor T5-59
O Reports by load case T2-26
Table of contents T2-26
Occasional Output from the liquid relief load synthesizer
Load factor T2-7, T2-8 T5-93

Output menu U4-7 Spreadsheet T3-55
Output reports by load case T2-26 Spreadsheet data T3-2
Output table of contents T2-26 System model T5-51
Output Type U6-22 Piping codes for earthquakes U8-18
Output-view animation A7-4 Piping dimensions U10-14
Ovalization, bends U12-6 Piping input U3-5
Overburden compaction multiplier U11-12 Alpha tolerance U5-6
Overview T1-2, T4-2 Ambient temperature U5-6
Construction element U5-6
P Densities U5-8
Expansion joints U5-6
Pad thk T3-18 Input spreadsheet U5-2
Panning U5-36 Insulation density U5-9
PD/4t T2-10 Material name U5-8
PDMS T8-61 Material number U5-8
Peak pressure T3-64 Nominal pipe size U5-5
Peak stress index U12-7 Rigid elements U5-6
Percent of iterations per shift before Sif & tees U5-7
orthogonalization T5-81 Specific gravity U5-8
Performing the analysis U8-33 Stress intensification factors U5-7
Period T5-57 Thermal strains U5-6
Phase T5-12, T5-14 Piping input generation U3-5
Phase angle T5-12, T5-14, U8-2, U8-12, Piping job U10-7
U8-34 Piping material U5-8
Phasing U8-12 Plant space T8-61
Pipe Plastic hinges A3-52
Density T3-10, T3-11 Plastic pipe T3-10
Element exposed area T6-25 Plot T4-42, U5-36
Element spreadsheet T6-8, T3-5, T3-50, Plot colors T2-17
T3-51, T3-52, T3-53, T3-55 Plot functions
Outside diameter T3-47 Highlight command U5-37, U5-45
Schedules T3-7 Line drawing U5-37, U5-45
Section data T3-6 Panning, zooming, and rotating U5-36
Size T2-23 Range of nodes to plot U5-37, U5-45
Pipe and hanger support A4-10 Render and wire frame plots U5-37,
Pipe modeler U11-3 U5-44
Pipe nominal diameter A2-2 Volume plot U5-37, U5-44
Pipe section properties U5-5 Plot results U7-17
Pipe supported from vessel A4-10 Plot screen T1-2
Pipenet interface T8-84, T8-85 Plotting
Pipes T2-17 Static output review U3-14
Piping Tutorial U3-9
Codes T3-56 Plotting static results U7-16
Element data T6-39 Point loads U8-5
Input plot utility T4-42 Point loads - load T4-36
Materials T3-9 Pois T4-6
Screen reference T1-2 Poissons ratio T2-38
Size specification T2-23 Poissons ratio T2-22, T4-6, T3-10, T3-62,
T3-63

Polar T4-9 Hydrodynamic loading T6-31
Polar moment of inertia T4-9, T4-46 Responses T5-76
Predefined Publication dates T3-56
El centro T5-55 Pulsation T5-4
Hanger data T3-37 Pulsation loads T5-82
Nuclear Regulatory Guide 1.60 T5-55 Pulse table generator T5-23
Uniform building code T5-55 Pulse table/DLF spectrum generation U8-21,
Predefined displacements A3-6 U8-28
Preparing the drawing A8-3 Pulse table/dlf spectrum generator T5-57
Pressure T3-9 Pump discharge loads A9-2
Peaks T5-83 Pvar T3-64
Pulses A7-21, T5-82, T5-83
Stiffening T2-3 Q
Stress multiplier T3-19
Thrust A5-2, T6-9 Quality assurance T10-11
Wave A7-28 Quick start U3-2
Pressure stiffening T2-3, U12-6
Pressure thrust U5-11 R
Pressure thrust, Bellows A5-3
Pressure vs. elevation table U6-9 Radius T3-12
Pressure wave U8-12 Random T5-3
Pressure-balanced tees and elbows A5-30 Random profile T5-3
Pricing factors T7-3 Range T5-22
Primary stress index T3-19 Range command U5-37, U5-45
PRINT MOTION U9-18 Ratio of gas-specific heats gas constant T5-87
Printer/listing files T9-8 Ratio shear modulus T2-22
Printing or saving reports to a file U9-13 Rayleigh damping T5-68
Proctor number U11-12 Reciprocating pumps U8-12
Produced Results Data U6-22 Recommended load cases U6-26
Product demos U2-16 Recommended load cases for hanger selection
Product information U2-19 U6-26
Program improvements 1-10 Recommended procedures U11-13
Program support 1-5 Reduced intersection T2-11
Technical support phone numbers 1-5 Reducers A6-2
Training 1-5 References T6-40
Program support / user assistance T1-2 Refractory lined pipe T3-7
Program support/user assistance 1-5 Reinforcing pad T3-18, T3-42
PRO-ISO example transfer T8-56 Relief
PRO-ISO interface T8-53 Exit piping T5-92
PRO-ISO interface (standard) T8-53 Valve T5-6, T5-92
PRO-ISO/CAESAR II data transfer T8-58 Valve loads A7-7
Prompted Auto-Save T2-28 Valve thrust load analysis T5-85
Prompted Autosave T2-28 Valves A7-10
Proof stress T3-57, T3-61 Relief load
Providing wind data U6-9 Analysis T5-85
Pseudostatic Synthesis T5-85
Combination method T5-76 Relief load synthesis U8-20
Displacement T5-56

Relief load synthesis for gases greater than 15 Response spectra profiles T5-17, T5-38
psig T5-85 Response spectrum T5-22, T5-53
Relief load synthesis for liquids T5-91 Response spectrum method U8-2
Relief load synthesizer U8-28 Response spectrum table U8-14
Relief loads (spectrum) U8-20 Response vs. frequency spectra U8-2
Relief loads spectrum Restrained weight T6-10, T3-37, U6-26
Force sets for relief loads Restrained weight case T6-10
Earthquakes U8-24 Restrained weight run A4-13
Relief valves U8-24 Restraint
Skewed load U8-25 Auxiliary field T3-25
Water hammer U8-24 Loads T5-82
Relief load synthesis Report A7-17, A8-37
Dynamic load factor U8-20 Settlement A3-28
Force spectrum methodology Type T3-25
U8-20 Restraint and guide, Single-directional
Relief valve U8-20 A3-27
Thrust loads U8-20 Restraint auxiliary data U10-21
Spectrum definitions Restraint between two pipes A3-32
DLF spectrum generator U8-23 Restraint between two pipes (use of CNodes)
Spectrum data U8-23 A3-32
Spectrum load cases Restraint between vessel and pipe models
Impulse U8-26 A3-33
Time history U8-26 Restraint summary U7-7
Relief valve U8-2, U8-20, U8-24, U8-28 Restraint, Single-dimensional A3-26
Relief valve example problem setup A7-10 Restraint, Single-directional A3-19
Relief valve loading - output discussion Restraint, Skewed double-acting A3-29
A7-14 Restraint, Skewed single-directional A3-31
Relief valve or rupture disk T5-92 Restraint/force/stress reports A7-30
Relief valve thrust load analysis T5-85 Restraints A3-1, T3-24, U5-12, U7-6, U9-5
Remaining strength of corroded Restraints on a bend at 30 and 60 degrees
pipelines,B31g U12-28 A3-35
Remove password T2-29 Restraints on a bend at 45 degrees A3-34
Render U5-37, U5-44 Restraints submenu U7-18
Replace T4-3 Restraints, Rotational directional A3-25
Report Results A7-45
Displacement A7-16, A7-30 Re-use last eigensolution T5-71
Equipment A9-10 Review existing units file T2-30
Force A7-30 Reynolds number T6-34
Mass Participation A7-14, A7-30 Rigid
Restraint A7-30 Body motion A7-80
Stress A7-30 Element application T6-2
Report options U7-6 Elements T3-15
Report types U9-5 Fluid weight T6-2
Resetting element strong axis - angle, orient Insulation weight T6-2
T4-23 Material weight T6-2
Re-setting loads on existing spring hangers Modes T5-63
T3-38 Rod T3-33
Support displacement criteria T3-32

Y restraints T3-37 Zone T6-24
Rigid elements U5-6 Zone coefficient T6-23
Rigid weight U5-11 Seismic analysis U8-2
Rigids/bends T2-17 Selection of phase angles U8-34
Rod increment T2-4 Serial number U2-5
Rod increment (degrees) T2-4 Set/change password T2-29
Rod tolerance T2-4 Setting
Rod tolerance (degrees) T2-4 Defaults T4-10
Rotating U5-36 Nodes in space T4-10, T4-11
Rotating equipment U8-2, U8-12 Setting up the spring load cases T6-11
Rotating equipment report updates T10-8 Sh T3-58
Rotation rod T3-26 Sh fields T3-58
Rotation rods (basic model), Large A3-42 Shape T4-41
Rotation rods (chain supports), Large A3-44 Shape factor, wind U6-9
Rotation rods (constant effort hangers), Large Shear modulus of elasticity T4-7, T3-10
A3-46 Shock definition U8-14
Rotation rods (spring hangers), Large A3-45 Shock displacement T5-60
Rotation rods (struts), Large A3-47 Shock load case T5-56
Rotation rods, large A3-42 Shock results U8-5
Rotational directional restraints with gaps Shock spectra A7-58, U8-2
A3-25 Short range springs T3-33
Run control data spreadsheet T3-34 Should caesar ii size the vent stack (y/n)
Rupture disk T5-92 T5-88
Rupture disk opening T5-92 SIF T2-7, T3-10
Rx (cosx, cosy, cosz) or rx (vecx, vecy, vecz) SIF at bend T2-9
T3-26 SIFs & tees T3-17, U5-7
Rx, ry, or rz T3-26 SIFs and stresses T2-7
SignMax U6-25
S SignMin U6-25
Simple bottomed-out spring A4-23
Sample input U10-9 Simple bellows A5-2
Sc T3-56 Simple bellows with pressure thrust A5-2
Scalar U6-24 Simple hanger design A4-3
Schneider T2-10, T2-12 Simplified Method A6-8
Scratch T9-12 Single
Screens U5-10 Directional restraint T3-33
Sea spectrum T6-28 Single and double flanged bends A2-4
Seam-welded T3-7, T3-14 Single and double flanged bends or stiffened
Secid T4-8, T4-17, T4-19 bends A2-4
Section ID T4-8 Single-directional restraint with predefined
Section identification - secid T4-8 displacement A3-26
Section modulus calculations T3-14 Single-directional restraints A3-19
Segment information T8-14 Singular stiffness matrix A7-80
Segments A7-74, A7-75 Sinusoidal forms T5-49
Seismic Skewed double-acting restraint A3-29
Anchor movements T5-56 Skewed load U8-25
Loads T5-53 Skewed single-directional restraint A3-31
Spectrum analysis T5-53 Slip Joint A5-31

Slip joint A5-24 Spring
Slotted hinge joint A5-21, A5-22 Design requirements T6-10
Slotted hinge joint (comprehensive) A5-22 Rate T6-11, T3-38
Slotted hinge joint (simple) A5-21 Tables T3-28
Slug flow T5-6 Spring can characteristics A4-16
Specifying the load Spring can models A4-15
Force sets, slug flow U8-28 Spring can models with bottom-out and
Force-time profile U8-28 lift-off capability A4-15
Load cases, slug flow U8-28 Spring cans w/ friction, Modeling A4-24
Relief load synthesizer U8-28 Spring cans with friction A4-24
Relief valve U8-28 Spring hanger design U6-27
Water hammer U8-28 Spring hanger model with rods A4-19
Slug flow analysis U8-2 Spring hanger model with rods, bottom-out,
Snubbers T5-45, U8-10 and lift-off A4-19
Snubbers, static A3-51 Spring hangers T3-38
Software revision procedures 1-6 Spring hangers, Existing A4-7
Soil factor T6-22 Spring hangers, Existing (no design) A4-7
Soil model U11-10 Spring Rate field A4-9
Soil model numbers U11-10 Spring, Bottomed-out A4-23
Soil properties U11-2 Square root of the sum of the squares T5-72,
Soil stiffnesses U11-2 T5-75
Soil supports U11-10 SRSS U6-24
Sorted stresses U7-10 Srss U8-18
South African 1992 database T4-60 Standard airy wave theory T6-32
Spatial Standard structural element connections -
Combination method T5-71, T5-72 beams, braces, columns T4-28
Components T5-71 Start node T5-12, T5-15, T5-26, T5-43
Spatial or modal combination first T5-71 Start run U6-2
Special element information U5-6 Start, CAESAR II U3-2
Special execution parameters T6-2, T3-51, Starting CAESAR II U3-2
U5-32 Starting frequency T5-8
Specific gravity T3-11, U5-8 Stat T4-45
Specifying hydrodynamic parameters U6-11 Static
Specifying loads, dynamics U8-5 Earthquake loads T6-22
Specifying the loads U8-9, U8-11, U8-14, Load case T5-61
U8-20, U8-28, U8-29 Load case builder T6-25
Spectrum T2-3, U8-35 Load case for nonlinear restraint status
Spectrum analysis T5-53, T5-68, U8-2 T5-61
Spectrum data U8-14, U8-23 Output processor T5-82
Spectrum definitions U8-23, U8-28 Seismic loads T6-22
Spectrum load cases U8-16, U8-25, U8-28, Superposition T6-19
U9-3 Thermal criteria T5-82
Spectrum name U8-14 Static analysis A8-26
Spectrum results U9-3 Analyze command U3-13
Spectrum/time history force sets T5-38 Static analysis output listing A8-34
Spectrum/time history profile T5-25 Static friction coefficient T3-27
Speed of sound A7-21 Static load case number U8-18
Spreadsheet overview U5-2 Static load cases

Building static load cases U6-8 Stress > level 1 T2-18
Limitations of the load case editor U6-7 Stress > level 2 T2-18
Recommended load cases U6-7 Stress > level 3 T2-19
Static output plot U10-23 Stress > level 4 T2-19
Static output processor Stress > level 5 T2-19
132 column reports U7-5 Stress category U6-16
Animation of static solution U7-4, U7-5 Stress concentration factor U12-7
Commands in static output U7-4 Stress concentrations and intensifications
Initiating the static output processor U12-7
U7-2 Stress intensification factor scratchpad T10-9
Output options in plotted results U7-16 Stress intensification factors U5-7, U9-7
Plotting statics U7-5 Stress intensification factors (details) T3-20
Report options U7-2 Stress intensification factors/tees U5-19
Report titles U7-2 Stress level 1 T2-18
Show command U7-17 Stress level 2 T2-18
Table of contents U7-15 Stress level 3 T2-18
View-reports U7-4 Stress level 4 T2-18
Static output review U3-14 Stress level 5 T2-18
Plotting static output U3-14 Stress report A7-17, U9-7
Static results A8-29, U8-5 Stress submenu U7-20
Static snubbers A3-51 Stress types U3-12, U6-7, U6-8, U6-17,
Static solution methodology U6-12 U6-18, U8-17
Archive U6-14 Stresses U7-9, U9-7
Incore solution Stresses, Allowable U5-16
Bandwidth U6-13 Strong T4-9
Nonlinear restraints U6-14 Strong axis moment of inertia T4-9, T4-46
Static analysis Structural
Stiffness matrix U6-12 Classification options T6-26
Static/dynamic combinations U8-18, U8-26, Database T2-23
U8-28, U8-31, U9-3 Databases T4-46
Stif T3-27 Element keywords T4-2
Stiffness T3-27 Elements T4-40
Stiffness characteristics A4-15 Steel modeler T1-2, T4-42
Stiffness factor for friction T5-62 Steel plot T4-42
Stiffness matrix T5-49, U6-12 Structural analysis A7-47
Stiffness model, Modifying U8-13, U8-19, Structural capability in CAESAR II U10-2
U8-26, U8-28, U8-31 Structural files, Include U5-35
Stokes 5th order wave theory T6-29, T6-32 Structural input files A7-39
Stokes wave theory implementation T6-32 Structural preprocessor A7-47
Stop node T5-12, T5-15, T5-44 Structural steel A7-39
Straight pipe T3-19 Structural steel example U10-9, U10-13,
Stream function T6-33 U10-25
Stream function wave theory T6-29, T6-33 Structural steel input U10-2
Stress T2-18, U6-23 AISC database, structural steel input
Calculation T3-62 U10-5
Cycles T3-59 Connecting pipe to structure U10-20
Intensification factors T3-13, T3-20, Connecting nodes U10-20
T3-21, T3-22 Displaced shape U10-22

Editing structural steel input U10-4 System
End connections,structural steel input Damping T5-68
U10-7 Directory name T2-24
Format of structural steel input U10-3 System and hardware requirements U2-3
Include in piping job U10-7 System directory name T2-24
Include a structural model U10-7 System overview A8-2
Kaux-include structural files System redesign A9-25
U10-7 System requirements U2-3
Index numbers, structural steel input System response U8-9, U9-11
U10-5
Initiate structural steel input T
Structural element preprocessor
U10-2 Tangent intersection point A7-66, T3-13
Initiating structural steel input U10-3 Tank node number T3-45
Help functions U10-3 Tapered transitions T3-19
Keywords in structural steel input Task bar U2-8
U10-4 Technical discussion of liqt int erface T8-79
Running structural steel input U10-7 Technical notes on caesar ii hydrodynamic
Static output plot U10-23 loading T6-33
Range command U10-24 Technical reference manual 1-4
Structure T2-17 Technical support A1-2
Structure dimensions U10-15 Technical support phone numbers 1-5
Structure nodes U10-15 Tees, pressure-balanced A5-30
Sturm sequence T5-77, T5-78 Temperature T2-38, T3-8
Sturm sequence check U8-33 Ten percent method T5-73
Subsonic velocity gas T5-91 Theoretical cold load T6-11, T3-38
Subsonic velocity gas conditions T5-91 Thermal
Subsonic vent exit T5-91 Bowing T2-15
Subsonic vent exit limit T5-91 Expansion coefficient T2-4, T2-22,
Subspace size T5-79 T3-8, T3-62, T3-63
Suction nozzle A9-7 Expansion/pipe weight report T6-2
Supply header T5-92 Shakedown T6-4
Supply header pipe wall thickness T5-93 Thermal load case U6-26
Supply overpressure T5-92 Thermal strains U5-6
Support A1-2 Thermal support movement A4-11
Support / user assistance A1-2 Thermodynamic entropy T5-91
Sustained Thrust T3-16, T5-85
Analysis T6-18 Thrust at the end of the exit piping T5-93
Stress T6-19, T3-62, T3-63 Thrust at the end of the manifold piping T5-94
Stress limit T3-61 Thrust at the vent pipe exit T5-90
Sustained load case A7-86 Thrust at valve pipe/vent pipe interface T5-89
Sustained load cases U6-26 Thrust loads U8-20
Sustained stresses A8-27, U8-2, U8-18 Tie bar A5-4, A5-16
Sustained stresses and non linear restraints Tie rod model, Comprehensive A5-18
T6-19 Tied bellows (simple vs. complex model)
Sustained sustained load cases U3-11 A5-4
Sy T3-61 Tied bellows expansion joint A5-6, A5-8
Sy data field T3-57 Tied bellows expansion joint (complex model)

A5-8 Trapeze hanger assembly A4-8
Tied bellows expansion joint (simple model) Trunnion U12-6, U12-7
A5-6 Turbine trip A7-20
Time T5-24, T5-58 Tutorial A8-1, A9-1
History T5-57 Center of gravity report, tutorial U3-11
History analysis T5-6, T5-57, T5-59, Plotting, tutorial U3-9
T5-68 Sample model input, tutorial U3-6
History animation T2-27 Tutorial, Generating input A8-5
History load profiles T5-17 Type T3-12, T3-25
History loads T8-80, T8-85 Type field T3-12
Step T5-67
Time history U8-26, U8-29, U8-35 U
Force-time profiles U8-29
Vibration U8-29 UBC T5-18
Time history analysis U8-3 UK 1993 database T4-63
Time history load case U9-3 UKOOA T3-10
Time history load cases T5-25, U8-16, U8-31 Ultimate tensile strength T3-61
Time history profile data point T5-22 Umbrella fitting T5-87
Time history profile definitions U8-29 Unbalanced pressure force T5-5, T5-83
Time history profiles T5-17 Underground pipe modeler U11-2, U11-3
Time history results U9-3 Underground pipe/buried pipe
Time history time step T5-67 Bilinear supports U11-10
Time vs. force U8-29 Bilinear springs U11-10
Title U5-30 Soil supports U11-10
TO T4-13 Ultimate load U11-10
To node number T3-3 Yield displacement U11-10
Toolbar buttons T1-2 Yield stiffness U11-10
Tools Convert input command U11-9
Accounting T7-3 Element length U11-4
Material database T2-35 Buried pipe displacements U11-4
Multiple job analysis T7-8 Lateral bearing length U11-4
Tools menu U4-8 Meshing
Topographic factor parameters T6-26 Lateral bearing meshes U11-7
Torsional Overburden compaction multiplier
Stiffness T6-8 U11-12
Training 1-5 Backfill U11-12
Transient Backfill efficiency U11-12
Load T5-53 Proctor number U11-12
Load cases T5-60 Soil model numbers U11-10
Pressure T5-90 Spreadsheet
Transient pressure rise on valve closing Buried element descriptions U11-3
T5-90, T5-94 Underground pipe modeler U11-2
Transient pressure rise on valve opening Buried pipe restraints U11-3
T5-90, T5-94 Soil properties U11-2
Translational Soil stiffnesses U11-2
Restraint T3-27 Zones U11-5
Transverse stiffness T6-8 Lateral bearing regions U11-5
Trapeze A4-8 Undo/Redo in the Input Module U5-2

Uniform Velocity vector T5-49, T5-58
Building code T5-18, T5-69 Velocity vs. elevation table U6-9
Load T4-38 Vent
Loads-UNIF T4-37 Pipe exit T5-90
Support excitation T5-55 Pipe exit gas T5-91
Uniform loads T3-51, U5-14 Stack T5-88
Uniform loads - unif T4-37 Vent pipe exit gas conditions T5-91
Units Version and job title information T8-61
Conversion Data T8-76 Vertical dummy leg on bends A3-36
File name T2-24 Vertical leg attachment angle A3-39
File operations T2-30 Vessel
Specification - UNIT T4-4 Diameter T3-42, T3-47
Units conversion data T8-75 Material number T3-43, T3-48
Units file name T2-24 Node T3-40
Units file operations T2-30 Node number T3-42, T3-47
Units specification - unit T4-4 Temperature T3-43, T3-48
Universal expansion joints A5-10 Type T3-47
Universal expansion joints (simple models) Wall thickness T3-42, T3-47
A5-10 Vessel attachment stresses/WRC 107
Universal joint (comprehensive tie rod model) Input data, WRC 107 U12-10
A5-17 Nozzel loads, WRC 107
Universal joint with lateral control stops Curve Extrapolation U12-13
A5-18 Interactive Control U12-13
Universal joint with lateral control stops Nozzle data, WRC 107 U12-12
(comprehensive tie rod model) A5-18 Nozzle loads, WRC 107 U12-13
Update history T1-2 Reinforcing pad U12-9
Updates and license types 1-9 Stress summations, WRC 107
Usage factor U9-8 Analyze-stress summation U12-14
User assistance Bending stress U12-14
Technical support phone numbers 1-5 Membrane stress U12-14
Training 1-5 Vessel centerline direction cosines T3-48
User ID T2-27 Vessel centerline direction vector x, y, z
User-defined T4-9 T3-42
User-defined SIFs anywhere in the piping Vessel data U12-11
system T3-20 Vessel reinforcing pad thickness T3-42,
User-defined spectra T5-55 T3-47
Utilities T4-42 Vessel, Pipe and hanger supported from
Ux,uy,uz T4-38 A4-10
Vibration U8-2, U8-29
V Vibrations T5-51
View/edit file T2-32
Valve U5-29 Volume plot U5-37, U5-44
/Flange database T2-24 Von Mises theory T2-8
Orifice gas T5-91 Vortex shedding T6-27
Pipe/vent pipe interface T5-89
Valve orifice gas conditions T5-91 W
Valves and flanges T2-24

Wall thickness T2-6 WRC 107 A7-82, T2-5, T10-8
Wall thickness/schedule field T3-6 WRC 107 (vessel stresses) U12-8
Warning dialog U6-4 WRC 107 stress summations U12-13
Water hammer A7-21, U8-24 WRC 297 A3-8, T10-9, U12-16
Specifying the load Nozzle flexibility U12-18
Force sets, slug flow U8-28 Nozzle screen U12-17
Force-time profile U8-28 WRC 329 T2-9, T2-11, T6-13
Load cases, slug flow U8-28 WRC axes orientation U12-9
Relief load synthesizer U8-28 Wt/sch T3-6
Relief valve U8-28
Slug problems U8-28 X
Water hammer analysis U8-2
Water hammer loading - output discussion X (cosx, cosy, cosz) or x (vecx, vecy, vecz)
A7-30 T3-26
Water hammer loads A7-28 X , y, or z T3-25
Water hammer/slug flow (spectrum) U8-28 Xrod (cosx, cosy, cosz) or xrod (vecx, vecy,
Wave vecz) T3-26
Data T6-38 Xrod, yrod, zrod T3-26
Spreading T6-28
Theories T6-30, T6-31 Y
Weak T4-9
Weak axis moment of inertia T4-9, T4-46 Yield
Website U2-18 Criteria theory T2-8
Weight analysis T3-37 Strength T4-7
Weld ID T3-19 Stress T2-8, T2-38, T3-57
Welding Research Council Bulletin 297 Yield displacement U11-10
U12-16 Yield force A3-52
Widely spaced mitered bend A2-10 Yield stiffness U11-10
Wind Youngs modulus of elasticity T4-6
Effects T5-3 Ys T4-7
Exposure options T6-26
Force T6-25 Z
Load T3-7
Loads T6-25, T4-40 Z-Axis Vertical T2-15, T4-4
Pressure T6-25 Zero
Shape factor T6-25, T4-40, T3-53 Period acceleration T5-55
Speed T6-25 -Weight rigids T6-2
Wind data Zero length expansion joint A5-19, A5-21,
ASCE #7 wind loads U6-10 A5-24
Methods of wind loading U6-9 Zero weight A5-21
Pressure vs. elevation table U6-9 Zero-length expansion joints T3-16
Shape factor U6-9 Zone definitions U11-5
Velocity vs. elevation table U6-9 Zooming U5-36
Wind/wave U5-15 ZPA time history output cases T5-68
Wind/wave loads T3-52
Windows A3-24
Windows server installation U2-20
Wire frame U5-37, U5-44

CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual
The CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual is intended to serve as a publicly available
verification document. This manual discusses (briefly) the current industry QA stan-
dards, the COADE QA standard, a series of benchmark jobs, and instructions for users
implementing QA procedures on their own hardware.
The benchmark jobs consists of comparisons to published data by ASME and the NRC.
Additional test jobs compare CAESAR II results to other industry software programs.
For additional information on the CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual, please

contact the COADE sales department.
Mechanical Engineering News

As an aid to the Users of COADE software products, COADE publishes Mechanical
Engineering News several times a year. This publication contains discussions on recent
developments that affect users, and technical features illustrating modeling techniques
and software applications.
This newsletter is sent to all users of COADE software at the time of publication. Back
issues can be acquired by contacting the COADE sales staff.
Additional COADE Software Programs

CADWorx - An AutoCAD based piping design/drafting program with a bi-directional
data transfer link to CAESAR II. CADWorx allows models to be created
in ortho, iso, 2D, or 3D modes. CADWorx template specifications,
combined with built in auto routing, auto iso, stress iso, auto dimensioning,
complete libraries, center of gravity calculations, and bill of materials,
provides the most complete piping package to designers.
CodeCalc - A program for the design or analysis of pressure vessel components.

CodeCalc capabilities include: tubesheets, rectangular vessels, flanges,
nozzles, Zick analysis, and the standard internal/external thickness and
pressure computations on heads, shells, and cones.
PVElite - A comprehensive, GUI based program for the design or analysis of tall
towers and horizontal vessels. Additional modules for nozzles, flanges,
baserings, and WRC107 are provided.
TANK - A program for the design or rerating of API-650/653 storage tanks. The
program includes API-650 Appedices A, E, F, M, P, and S, as well as API-
653 Appendix B. Computations address: wind girders, conical roof
design, allowed fluid heights, and remaining corrosion allowance.

COADE, Inc.
12777 Jones Rd., Suite 480
Houston, Texas 77070
Phone: (281)890-4566
Fax: (281)890-3301
E-mail: sales@coade.com
WWW: www.coade.com
CAESAR II
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
V E R S I O N 4.30
( L A S T R E V I S E D 2/2001 )

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The CAESAR II program is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical

Phone: 281-890-4566 E-mail: techsupport@coade.com

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide

System Requirements ................................................................. 1

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

Q-1 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

CAESAR II was designed to operate in 800x600 resolution with small fonts.

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001 Q-2

CADWorx (requies AutoCAD)

List of CAESAR II Piping Codes

ANSI B31.1 (1998) September 15, 2000

Q-3 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

List of Setup File Directives

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001 Q-4

ROD INCREMENT = .2000000E+01 58

Q-5 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

STRESS < LEVEL 1 DARK BLUE 29

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001 Q-6

MATERIAL ELASTIC POISSONS PIPE TEMPERATURE

Q-7 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

CAESAR II TYPE B31.3 TYPE NOTES SKETCH

1 Reinforced Reinforced - Used to lower SIFs

2 Unreinforced Unreinforced - Routine Intersection

3 Welded Tee Welding Tee - Usually size-on-size

4 Sweepolet Welded-in - "Sit-in" fitting

5 Weldolet Branch Welded - "Sit-on" fitting

6 Extruded Extruded - Seldom used

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001 Q-8

Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp

Slp = PD0/4tn code approximation

Slp = PDi2/(D02 - Di2) code exact equation, CAESAR II default

Operating Stress - unless otherwise specified

S = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < NA (OPE)

Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC)

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)

sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)

Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi)2 + (i0M0)2 )]/Z

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3

B1 * Pmax Do + B2 * Ma / Z < 1.5 Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh) + Sh - Sl(EXP)

Q-9 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001

Sl = Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < Sh (SUS)

sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl))(EXP)

Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < k Sh (OCC)

If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)

If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)

If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)

(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)

sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)

(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.8 (Syield) (OCC)

Hoop Stress: Sh <= F1 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Longitudinal Stress: |SL| <= 0.8 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress: Se <= 0.9 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 2/2001 Q-10

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)

sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)

Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi)2 + (i0M0)2 )]/Z

sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Sl = Slp + sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < Sh (SUS)

sqrt ( Sb2 + 4 St2 ) < f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl))(EXP)

Slp + sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < k Sh (OCC)

sqrt ( Sb2 + 4 St2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)

sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Se = sqrt ( Sb2 + 4 St2) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)

fb = (d + t)pm/(2t) + r/I*sqrt[(miFTL)2 + (moFTO)2]

EXP SA = min[HSproof ambient + HSproof design),