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Unit 9: UNDERSEA WORLD

A. READING:
Before you read
1. undersea ['ndsi:] (a)
2. ocean ['n] (n)
3. Pacific Ocean [p'sifik'n] (n)
4. Atlantic Ocean [t'lntik'n] (n)
5. Indian Ocean ['indjn'n] (n)
6. Antarctic [n't:ktik] Ocean (n)
7. Arctic [':ktik](adj) Ocean (n)
8. gulf [glf] (n) = bay [bei](n): Eg: the Gulf of Mexico: vinh M-hi-c
10. percent [p'sent] (n) phn trm percentage [p'sentid] (n) ty l
11. surface ['s:fis] (n) b m t. Eg: the surface of the ball: b m t cua m t qua bong
12. mystery ['mistri] (n) mysterious (adj)
13. beneath[bi'ni:] (prep)
14. overcome [,ouv'km] (v) -overcame- overcome: thng, chin thng, vt qua
15. submarine [,sbm'ri:n](n)(hang hai) tau ngm
16. investigate [in'vestigeit] (v)kham pha
17. seabed ['si:'bed] (n) ay bin
18. sample ['s:mpl] /['smpl] (n)mu; v t mu
19. marine [m'ri:n] (adj) (thu c) bin; gn bin
20. exist [ig'zist] (v)a sng; tn tai existence [ig'zistns] (n) s tip tuc cu c sng; s sng sot
21. fall into(v) c chia thanh
22. bottom ['btm] (n) phn di cung; ay; ay bin.
23. starfish ['st:fi] (n) (s nhiu: starfish) sao bin
24. shark [:k] (n)ca m p man-eating shark: ca m p trng
25. independently [,indi'pendntli] (adv) c l p
26. organism [':gnizm] (n) c th; sinh v t
Eg: He 's studying the organisms in water: ng ta ang nghin cu cac sinh v t di nc
27. jellyfish ['delifi] (n) con sa
28. oversized ['ouvsaizd] (adj) qua kh, ngoai kh
29. biodiversity [,baiodai'v:sti] (n) a dang sinh hc
30. maintain [mein'tein] (v) duy tri
31. at stake: ang bi e doa
After you read
32. refer [ri'f:] to (v) mention or speak about sb/st: noi n, k n
33. balanced ['blnst] (adj)cn bng, n inh
34. analyse ['nlaiz] : analyze ['nlaiz] (v) phn tich
35. experiment [iks'perimnt] (n) cu c thi nghi m; cu c th nghi m
36. seal [si:l]: hai cu
37: turtle ['t:tl] (n): con rua
38. tiny ['taini] (a): very small
.
B. SPEAKING:
1. rubbish ['rbi] (n):
2. plastic bag ['plstik] [bg] (n):
3. dustbin ['dstbin] (n):
4. proper ['prp]: (a):
6. sparingly ['sperili] (adv)
Eg:use the perfume sparingly !: hay dung nc hoa m t cach tit ki m!
7 pollute [p'lu:t] (v) lam nhim, lam nh bn (nc...)
polluted water: nc bi nhim (khng dung c)
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8. fish [fi] (v) cu ca

9. species ['spi:i:z] (n,pl) loai
10.limited ['limitid] (adj) han ch, co gii han
11.threaten['retn] (v) doa, e doa, hm doa threatened (adj) bi e doa
12.endanger [in'deind(r)] (v) gy nguy him
Eg: War always endangers human lives: chin tranh lun gy nguy him cho sinh mang con ngi
endangered (adj) bi nguy him
13. dispose [dis'pouz] (v) sp t, sp xp, b tri
14. line [lain] (n) dy, dy thep, dy cu
15. net (n) li
16. herbicide ['h:bisaid] (n) thuc di t co
17. pesticide ['pestisaid] (n) thuc di t loai gy hai, thuc tr su
18. fertilizer ['f:tilaiz] (n) phn bon
19. harm [h:m] (n) s tn hai; s thi t hai - (v) lam hai, gy tai hai, lam tn hai
20. release [ri'li:s] (v) tha, phong thich
21. responsibly (adv): mt cach hp l
22. solution [s'lu:n] (n): giai phap
24. consequence ['knsikwns] (n)
25. butt [bt] (n)
26. hunt [hnt] (v)
27. spill (v):
28. tanker ['tk] (n):
29. explosive [iks'plousiv] (n)
30. litter (v):
.
C. LISTENING:
1. mammal ['mml] (n) n g v t co vu 8. measure ['me] (n) phng sach, bi n phap
2. krill [kril] (n): very small shellfish that are eaten by 9. entire [in'tai] (adj) toan b , toan ven, hoan toan
whales: loai nhuyn th ma ca voi n c 10. bear [be] (v) sinh, sinh san
3. whaling ['weili] (n) s sn ca voi; ngh sn ca voi 11. calve [k:v] (v) e con / (n) ca voi con, b con.
4. migrate [mai'greit] (v) di tru; di c 12. pressure ['pre(r)] (n) sc ep, ap sut, ap lc
5. conservation [,kns'vein] (n) s bao tn; s bao 13. allow ['lau] (v) cho phep
toan 14. feeding ground ['fi:di graund] (n) bai cho n; bai
6. feed [fi:d] (n) s n, s cho n / feed-fed-fed (v) cho nui
n 15. weight (n): trng lng
7. commission [k'min] (n) h i ng; uy ban 16. length (n): chiu dai
.
D. WRITING:
1. sperm whale [,sp:m'seti] (n) ca nha tang 10. risk [risk] (n) s liu, s mao him,s rui ro, s nguy
2. carnivore ['k:niv:] (n) ng v t n thit, cy n su him
b 11. accidental [,ksi'dentl] (adj) tinh c, ngu nhin.
3. squid [skwid] (n) mc ng, mi nhn tao 12. entrap[in'trp] (v) anh by, la entrapment (n)
4. diet ['dait] (n) thc n hang ngay,ch n king 13. habitat ['hbitt] (n) mi trng sng
5. give birth to: sinh san 14. offspring ['fspri] (n) con (cua m t con v t)
6. gestation [des'tein] (n) s thai nghen; thi ky thai Eg:How many offspring does a cat usually have?
nghen con meo thng co bao nhiu con?
7. gestation period (n) thi ky thai nghen 15. calf (n) con (ngha trong bai (con cua ca nha tang)
8. life span [laifspn] (n) tui sng, tui th 16. at risk (exp) ang gp nguy him
9. special feature (n): im c trng 17. concern (n): mi quan tm
18. feeding habit (n) : thoi quen n
Complete the following sentences:
1. Dolphins are not fish. They are mamals that live in the water
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2. Dolphins be /among / most intelligent / Earth.

3. Although they can be / find in all oceans / the world, dolphins prefer coastal waters / bays.

3. The size / dolphins / vary greatly.

4. The / dolphin / just about 50kg in / and 1.2 metres in / while the largest one can / up to 8,200 kg and is 10
metres / .

5. Dolphins are / and they eat mostly fish.

6. A female dolphin gives / to one calf every two years after a / period of eleven / twelve months.

7. A dolphin can normally / from twenty five / sixty- five years / some species / dolphins can even live longer.

7. Dolphin populations are at / due to the / of their habitat and accidental / in fishing nets

D. LANGUAGE FOCUS:
1. casual ['kjul] (adj) tinh c, bt cht, ngu nhin
2. offend ['fend] (v) lam cho ai bc minh,kho chiu n): cy sung
3. atmosphere ['tmsfi] (n) khi quyn 9. offend ['fend] (v): xuc pham
4. surprised [s'praizt] (adj) ( + at) ngac nhina 10. offer (v): tng/ giao cho
surprised look: m t cai nhin ngac nhin 11. out of work (exp) mt vic
5. close down (v): ong ca (ngng sx) 12. resign [ri'zain] (v): t chc
6. disappointed (adj): tht vng 13. ring (n): chic nhn
7. frightened (adj): s 14. salary ['slri] (n): tin lng
8. gun ( 15. upset (adj) : sad.
16. ban (v): cm
17. be fed up with: chan chng
.

GRAMMAR
1. Should / Shouldnt (nen / khong nen)

affirmative: S + should + V
+ ..
negative: S + shouldnt +
Dung e khuyen ai o nen hay khong nen lam viec g.
Ex: V.
- He looks very tired. He should visit his doctor.
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(He looks very tired. I think he should visit his doctor.

- Its raining heavily. You shouldnt go out right now.
(Its raining heavily. I dont think you should go out right now.)
Note We usually use should with I think/ I dont think
(Chung ta thng dung should vi I think/ I dont think)
2. Conditional sentence type 2
Cau ieu kien loai 2 dung e dien ta hanh ong KHONG the xay ra
hien tai hoac tng lai.
Ex: - He doesnt have enough money. He will not buy this new bicycle.
---> If he had enough money, he would buy this new bicycle.
(He would buy this new bicycle if he had enough money.)
- I am not bird. I cant fly everywhere.
---> If I were a bird, I could fly everywhere.
(I could fly everywhere if I were a bird.)
Cong thc:
If + S + V2/ed/were / didnt + V. , S + would / could (not) + V.
* Lu y:
- Menh e IF va menh e chnh co the oi cho cho nhau.
- Dung WERE cho tat ca cac ngoi trong menh e IF.
- Would = d ; would not = wouldnt

Exercise : Choose the best answer

1. You look so tired . You go to bed early.
A. will B. must C. should D. would
2. You've been coughing a lot lately. You___smoke so much.
A. shouldn't B. can't C. should D. can
3. If he worked more slowly he_______ so many mistakes.
A. wouldnt make B. wont make
C. didnt make D. wouldnt made
4. Find out the word which has the underlined part pronounced different from the others.
A. hair B.chair C. said D. fairy

UNIT 10 CONSERVATION
A. READING
Before you read
Vocabulary
1. loss (n) [ls]
2. destroy (v) [di'str]
-> destruction (n) [dis'trkn]
3. variety (n) [v'raiti]
4. species (n) ['spi:i:z] lai
5. eliminate (v) [i'limineit]
6. cancer (n) ['kns]
7. heart disease (n) [h:t, di'zi:z]
8. constant (a) ['knstnt]
->. constantly (adv) ['knstntli]
9. supply (n) [s'plai]
10. hydroelectric (a) [,haidroui'lektrik]
11. dam (n) [dm]
12. play (v) an important part:
13. circulation (n) [,s:kju'lein]
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14. conserve (v) [kn's:v]

15. run [rn] off (v)
16. run off (n) ['rn'f] l
17. valuable (a) ['vljubl]
18. frequent (a) ['fri:kwnt]
19. damage (n) ['dmid]
20. threaten (v) ['retn] e da
21. disappearance (n) [,dis'pirns]
22. worsen (v) ['w:sn]
23. pass [p:s] a law ( exp.)
24. in someones defence/ in somethings defence [di'fens]:
25. -> in natures defence :
While you read
37. concern (v) [kn's:n] lin quan n
38. power of falling ['f:li] water : nng lng dng chay.
39. electricity (n) [i,lek'tristi] in
40. remove (v) [ri'mu:v] huy i, bo i
41. get rid of (exp.) bo i
42. completely (adv) [km'pli:tli] tan b, han tan
43. liquid (n) ['likwid] cht long
44. flow [flu] off (v) chay i mt
46. vegetation (n) [,ved'tein]: cy ci, thc vt
47. do harm [h:m] to (exp.) gy hai ti
48. erosion (n) [i'roun] s xoi mn
.B. SPEAKING
1. feature (n) ['fi:t]
2. sensitive (a) ['senstiv]
3. imprision (v) [im'prizn]
4. endangered [in'deindd] species (a)
5. reconstruct (v) ['ri:kn'strkt]:
6. breed (v) [bri:d]
7. reintroduce (v) [,ri:intr'djus]
8. gorilla (n) [g'ril]
9. policy (n) ['plsi]
10. risky (a) ['riski]
C. LISTENING
1. campfire (n) [kmp, 'fai]
2. forester (n) ['frist]
3. awful (a) [':ful]
4. spread (v) [spred]
5. late summer (n) [leit, 'sm]
6. allow (v) ['lau]
7. heap [hi:p] of leaves [li:vz] (n)
8. burn (v) [b:n]
9. camper (n) ['kmp]
10. put [put] out (v) (put-put-put)
11. fire (n) ['fai]
12. duty (n) ['dju:ti]
13. careless (a) ['kels]
14. save (v) someone / something from someone / something :

D. WRITING
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2. free (a) [fri:] ranh, t do.

3. take a walk [w:k] (exp.) i dao
4. for a while : mt luc
5. disco (n) ['diskou] v hi
6. afterwards (adv) [':ftwdz] sau o
10. chicken soup (n) ['tikin, su:p] sup ga
12. go to a club (exp.) i n cu lac b
14. festival (n) ['festivl] l hi, ngay hi
17. preparation (n) [,prep'rein] s chun bi
20. together (adv) [t'ge] cung nhau
.
E. Grammar
A. PASSIVE VOICE

1. Change the active into the passive ( i cu ch ng sang cu b ng)

Active : S V O

Passive : S to be + p.p (V3/ Ved) by O

E.g. Active: I love the dog

Passive: The dog is loved (by me)

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TENSES ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
Simple Present - S+V(s/es) + O -S+am/is/are+V3/_ed + (by O)
(hin ti n) Ex1: I wash the dishes ->The dishes are washed
Ex2: Nam waters these trees -> These trees are watered by Nam

- S + doesnt / dont +V + O - S + isnt / arent/ am not + V3/ed + (by O)

Ex1:They don't take the book. -> The book isnt taken (by them)
Ex2: She doesnt clean the room -> The room isnt cleaned (by her)

- Does / do + S + V + O..? - Is / are / am + S + v3/ed + (by O) ?

Does she speak Spanish? Is Spanish spoken (by her)?

Present - S+ am/is/are+ V-ing + O - S+ am/is/are+being+ V3/_ed + (by O)

Continuous Ex: She is cleaning the house ->The house is being cleaned by her
(hin ti tip
din)
Present and past - S+ have/has / had+ V3/_ed + O - S+ has / have been + V3/ed + (by O)
Perfect Ex; Lan has moved the chair. -> The chair has been moved by Lan
(hin ti v qu Ex: They had exported the rice before -> The rice had been exported before May
kh hon thnh) May
Simple Past - S+ V2/_ed + O - S+was/were+ V3/_ed + (by O)
(qu kh n) Ex: She bought the watch yesterday -> The watch was bought yesterday
- S + didnt + V + O - S + wasnt / werent + V3/ed + (by O)
She didnt buy the watch yesterday -> The watch wasnt bought yesterday
- Did + S + V + O ? - Was / Were + S + V3/ed + (by O)
Ex: Did she buy the watch yesterday? -> Was the watch bought yesterday?
Past Continuous - S+ was/were+ V-ing + O - S+ was/were+being+ V3/_ed + (by O)
(qu kh tip Ex: Marys mother was washing the -> The clothes were being washed by Marys
din) clothes mother
Modal verbs - S+ can/ could / - S+can/could...+be+ V3/_ed + (by O)
will/would/may/might/ be going to...
+V1 + O Four languages can be spoken
Ex: He can speak four languages The report is going to be sent
Ex: I am going to send the report
Exercise: Write the following sentences in the passive.
1. Someone will list my name in the new telephone directory.

2. A plumper is going to fix the leaky faucet.

3. Someone has changed the name of this street.

4. Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1845.

5. He cant repair my bike

6. They produce cars in this country

7. They had exported the rice before May

8. Nguyen Du wrote Kieu story

9. They delayed the football match because of the heavy rain.
->.
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10. .No one has signed this letter

a. Pronunciation:
1. bee (n) [bi:] con ong
2. cab (n) [kb] xe tc xi
3. ban (n) [bn] s cm oan
4. pea (n) [pi:] hat u Ha Lan
5. pan (n) [pn] xoang, chao, la tru.
6. power (n) ['pau]nng lng, kha nng
b. Grammar
1. report (v) [ri'p:t] k lai, bao cao, a tin.
2. audience (n) [':djns] khan gia, thinh gia
3. journalist (n) ['d:nlist] nha bao, k gia
4. lay [lei] laid laid (v) sp t, b tri.
5. coconut ['kknt] tree (n) cy da
6. plant (v) [pl:nt] trng, gieo
7. blouse (n) [blauz] ao chang
8. pollen (n) ['pln] phn hoa
9. puppy (n) ['ppi] cho con
10. paper bag (n) ['peip, bg] tui giy
11. carpet (n) ['k:pit] tm tham
7. serve (v) [s:v] phuc vu, phung s
8. organize (v) [':gnaiz] t chc, thit lp
9. fantastic (a) [fn'tstik] quai di, v cung to ln
10. fresh flower (n) [fre,'flau] hoa ti
11. excellent (a) ['ekslnt] xut sc, u tu
12. bread roll (n) banh mi

UNIT 11 NATIONAL PARKS

A. READING:
Before you read:
1. national ['nnl] park (n)
2. (be) located (a) [lo'keit] = situated (a)
3. establish (v) [i'stbli] : set up
4. contain (v) [kn'tein]: cha ng
5. rainforest (n) [rein,'frist]
6. butterfly (n) ['btflai]
7. hike (v) [haik]
8. recognise (v) ['rekgnaiz]
9. habit (n) ['hbit]
10. dependent upon (a)[di'pendnt, 'pn]
11. survival (n) [s'vaivl]
12. orphan (n) [':fn] a child without parents
13. orphanage (n) [':fnid]
14. abandon (v) ['bndn]
15. take care [ke] of (v)
16. wilderness (n) ['wildns]
17. sub-tropical (a) [sb, 'trpikl]
18. temperate (a) ['temprt] -> temperate zone :
19. toxic (a) ['tksik] -> toxic level:
20. chemical (n) ['kemikl]
21. contamination (n) [kn,tmi'nein]
B. SPEAKING
1. disaster (n) [di'z:st]
2. combine (v) km'bain]
3. coach (n) [kout]
4. get a fine (exp.) ( get-got-got)
5. food poisoning ['pzni] (n)
6. raincoat (n) ['reinkout]
7. luaggage (n) ['lgid]
8. get a bad cold (exp.)
9. get lost (exp.) ( lose-lost-lost)
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10. express (v) [iks'pres]

C. LISTENING
1. officially (adv) ['fili]
2. span (v)[spn] ni
3. province (n) ['prvins] tnh
4. endangered (v) [in'deind(r)] species (n)
5. flora (n) ['fl:r]
6. fauna (n) ['f:n]
7. army (n) [:m]
8. station (v) ['stein]
9. surprise (a)
10. attack (v) ['tk]
11. defeat (v) [di'fi:t]
12. invader (n) [in'veid]
13. ethnic minority (n) ['enik, mai'nrti]
14. mainly (adv) ['meinli]
15. bee keeping (n) ['bi:,ki:pi]
16. threaten (v) ['retn]
17. enemy (n) ['enimi]
Task 1 Fill in each blank with a suitable word
Cuc Phuong was officially opened in (1). it is located .(2) .south west of Hanoi spanning Ninh
Binh, Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa .(3) The 200 square kilometer park attracts tourists and scientists alike. In
2002, nearly .. made their way to Cuc Phuong. Many come to see the (4) being done to protect
.(5) species. There are about (6) different species of flora and (7).. species of fauna.
Cuc Phuong National Park has many caves. Quen Voi, also part of the park, is where Nguyen Hues army was
stationed before it made its surprise (8) on Thang Long and defeated the Quing invaders in the (9) of
...(10)
Cuc Phuong is also home to the Muong ethnic minority, who live mainly on . (11) and ...(12)

C. WRITING
1. accept (v) [k'sept]: acceptance (n) [k'septns]
2. refuse (v) [ri'fju:z] refusal (n) [ri'fju:zl]
3. invitation (n) [,invi'tein]
4. note (n) [nout]
5. Im afraid ['freid] I cant (exp.)
6. Id love to, but..... :
7. thats a great idea (exp.)
8. Id like to / Id love to (exp.)
9. Id delighted [di'laitid] to (exp.)
10. respond (v) [ri'spnd]
11. delight (n) [di'lait]
12. decline (v) [di'klain] \
13. best regards [ri'g:dz] (n)

D. LANGUAGE FOCUS
Pronunciation: /t/, /d/
Cch c ED :
- c la / id / khi ng t co tn cung la: t / d .
Eg: wanted decided needed fitted
- c la / t / khi ng t co tn cung la : /k/, /f /
/, /p/, /s (ce)/, / (sh)/, /t (ch)/
Eg: looked laughed stopped missed washed watched
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/f/
- c la / d / i vi cac m cn lai:
Eg: closed opened lived weighed saved

GRAMMAR: Conditional sentence type 3

Cau ieu kien loai 3 dien ta hanh ong KHONG THE XAY RA qua kh.
Ex1:- He drank much wine because he was very sad.
---> ..
-> ..
Note:.
.
- Ex2: John didnt studied hard last year, so he failed his exam.
--->
->.
- Ex3: I didnt eat lunch, thats why I feel hungry now.
=> If I....
Note:.
.
Cong thc:
If clause (Menh e If), Main clause (Menh e chnh)
IF + S + HAD + V3/ED ., S + WOULD/COULD + NOT + HAVE + V3/ED
.
..
..

Exercise: Put the statements in past unreal conditions

1/ She didnt know how to do the exercise, so she got low marks.
If __________________________________________________.
2/ I didnt say sorry, so she got angry.
If I___________________________________________________.
3/ They didnt pass the exam, their family were very sad.
If they ___________________________________________________.
4/ we didnt go swimming because it rained heavily yesterday evening
If it _____________________________________________________.
5/ The weather was fine, so I went on a picnic
If the weather _____________________________________________.

b. GRAMMAR:
1. postcard (n) ['poustk:d] bu thip
2. immediately (adv) [i'mi:djtli] ngay lp tc, tc thi
3. examination (n) [ig,zmi'nein] ky thi, s xem xet
4. crash (n) [kr] s m sm vao ( t)
5. seat belt (n) [si:t, belt] dy an tan
6. get = catch a taxi ['tksi] (exp.) on taxi
7. bull (n) [bul] b c
8. block (v) ngn chn
9. on time (exp.) ung gi
10. pay attention ['tenn] to (exp.) chu n
11. sign (n) [sain] du hiu, biu tng
12. exit (n) ['eksit] li ra, ca ra
13. highway (n) ['haiwei] ng cai, quc l
14. loudly (adv) ['laudli] ln, m
15. usual ( a) ['ju:l] thng l, thng dung.
16. mark (v) [m:k] chu , ch, biu thi

UNIT 12 MUSIC
A. READING:
Before you read
1. classical ['klsikl] music (n)
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2. folk [fouk] music (n)

3. rock [rk] n roll ['roul] (n)
4. pop [pp] music (n)
5. jazz (n) [dz] nhac ja
6. country ['kntri] music (n)
7. serious (a) ['siris]
8. traditional (a) [tr'dinl]
9. Western European [jur'pi:n] (n)
10. combination (n) [,kmbi'nein]
11. style (n) [stail] phong cach
12. beat (n) [bi:t] nhip (m nhac)
13. African ['frikn] music (n)
14. Western ['westn] music (n)
Vocabuary
1. different ['difrnt] from
2. human (n) ['hju:mn]
3. communicate (v) [k'mju:nikeit]
4. emotion (n) [i'moun]
5. express (v) [iks'pres]
6. anger (n) ['g]
7. convey (v) [kn'vei]
8. integral (a) ['intigrl]
9. set the tone for (v)
10. joyfulness (n) ['dflns]
-> joyful (a) ['diful]
11. funeral (n) ['fju:nrl]
12. solemn (a) ['slm]
13. mournful (a) ['m:nfl]
14. lull (v) [ll] ru ngu
15. delight (v) [di'lait]
16. sense (n) [sens]
B. SPEAKING:
1. cheer [ti] (v) somebody up :
2. Walkman (n) ['w:kmn]
3. band (n) [bnd]
4. musician (n) [mju:'zin]
5. piece [pi:s] of music (n)
6. prefer (v) [pri'f:(r)]
7. favourite (a) ['feivrit]
.C. LISTENING:
1. well-known (a) ['wel'noun]
2. actor (n) ['kt]
3. of all time (adv)
4. author (n) [':]
5. solemn (a)
6. be proud [praud] of (a)
7. rousing (a) ['rauzi]
8. rural (a) ['rurl]
9. sweet [swi:t] and gentle ['dentl] (a)
10. gentle (a)
11. lyrical (a) ['lirikl]
 12

12. boring (a)

13. exciting (a)
14. national anthem (n) ['nnl, nm]
Task 2: choose the best answer
1. The name of the radio programme is
A. my favourite programme B. my favourite singer
C. my favourite musician D. my fourite song
2. Who is the author of Tien Quan Ca?
A. Nam Cao B. Van Cao C. Do Nhuan D. Phong Nha
2. Which song by Van Cao does Quang Hung likes most ?
A. Tien Quan Ca B. Song Lo C. Thien Thai D. Lang Toi
3. Quang Hung likes Tien Quan Ca because
A. Its sweet, gentle B. Its solemn and hard
C. it makes him feel great and proud of his country D. All B and C
D. WRITING:
1. musical (a) ['mju:zikl] co truyn thng m nhac
2. works (n) tac phm
3. tune (n) [tju:n] giai iu
4. mixture (n) ['mikst] s pha trn, s ha quyn
5. Ragtime (n)['rg,taim] nhac ractim (cua ngi M da en)
6. rag (n) [rg] ban nhac thuc th lai Ragtime
7. artistic (a) [:'tistik] mang tinh cht ngh thut
9. talent (n) ['tlnt] tai nng
10. talented (a) ['tlntid] co tai
11. appreciate (v) ['pri:ieit] coi trng, anh gia cao1
13. poem (n) ['pouim] bai th

E. LANGUAGE FOCUS:
A. Pronunciation
C. Cch c S/ES, IZ :
- c la s khi V hoc N tn cung la : /f/ ,/k/ , /p/ , /t/ , / (th)/
Eg: laughs, coughs, chiefs, kicks stops gets depths
- c la z khi V hoc N tn cung la /b/ ,/d/ , /l/ , /m/ , /n / ,/g/ ,/v/, // , vowels, vowels + w/r,
Eg: robs adds fills dreams runs digs loves rings sees draws doors
- c la iz khi V hoc N co tn cung la : /s/,/ t (ch)/, /d (ge)/, / (sh)/, /z/, /ks (x)/
Eg: misses matches oranges washes loses mixes

B. Grammar
1. to + infinitive: to express a purpose of an action
I. - What do you learn English for?
---> To havea good job, I learn English.

---> I learn English to havea good job.

Note:
a. Phrase of purpose

to
in order (not) to + bare infinitive
so as (not) to
 13

2. Wh- questions
a. Question words used as subject. (T hi dng lm ch ng)
Wh-question +V + O ?
Who teaches you English every day?
b. Question words use as objects or modifiers. ( T hi dng lm tn ng hoc b
ng)
Wh-question + auxiliary verb (do/does/ did/ can/ will..)+ S + V + O ?
auxiliary verb :tr ong t
Eg: How long did she talk to him ?
Question words To ask about Example
Who Hoi v ngi Who is your English teacher?
What Hoi v ngi, vt, s vic, What happened last night?
s kin.
Where Hoi v ni chn Where do you live?
When Hoi v thi gian When did you buy this book?
Which Hoi v s la chn Which class do you like?
Why Hoi v li do Why were you late?
Whose Hoi v s hu Whose pen is this?
How Hoi v cach thc, cht How old is she?
lng
How many/much Hoi v s lng How many students are there in the class?

How far Hoi v khoang cach How far is it from your house to the nearest
supermarket?
How long Hoi v dai thi gian How long have you been staying here?

How often Hoi v thng xuyn How often do you go to the cinema?

Exercise:
I. Make questions
1. She was born in Dam Doi In 1985. Where and when.........................................................................................
2. There are forty-five students in my class. How many........................................................................................
3. They do their homework at night. When............................................................................................................
4. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday When...................................................................................................
5. He should lend her some money.
6. She was eating a sandwich. What........................................................................................................................
7. Twenties books has been sold this month. ..........................................................................................................
8. She is talking to the president. ...........................................................................................................................
9. They will have finished the project by next summer. ........................................................................................
10. He is punished because his laziness. .................................................................................................................
II. Combine the following sentences using to-infinitive :
1. Mary prepares her lessons carefully .She wants to get high marks in class.
..
2. You should study hard. You want to keep pace with your class.
..
3. Tom often gets up early in the morning. He doesnt want to be late for school.
 14

..
4. She needs a job. She wants to supports her family.
..
5. My brother drove carefully. He didnt want to cause accidents.

Vocabulary
1. sip (n) [sip] ngum , hp
2. price (n) [prais] gia ca
3. zoo (n) [zu:] s thu
4. buzz (n) [bz] ting vo vo (su b)
5. pea (n) [pi:] hat u Ha lan
6. prize (n) [praiz] giai thng
13. relaxed (a) [ri'lkst] thoai mi, thanh than mng
14. cassette player (n) [k'set,'plei(r)] my
ct-xt
15. contest (n) [kn'test] cuc thi
16. monitor (n) ['mnit] lp trng
7. zip (n) [zip] dy keo, khoa keo
8. please (v) [pli:z] lam hai lng
9. record (n) ['rek:d] a hat
10. cousin (n) ['kzn] anh (em ) h
11. concert (n) ['knst] bui ha nhac
12. a piece of bread [bred] (n) mt ming banh mi
17. celebrate (v) ['selibretid] ky nim, n
18. whenever [wen'ev] (conj.) mi khi
19. play chess [tes] (exp.) chi c
20. set a good example (exp.) nu gng tt

UNIT 13 FILMS AND CINEMA

A. READING
Before you read
Vocabulary
1. century (n) ['sentri]: a period of 100 years
2. sequence (n) ['si:kwns]
3. still [stil] (a): not moving
4. motion (n) ['moun]: the act of moving, or changing place or position
-> set sth in motion = move sth
5. movement (n) ['mu:vmnt]
6. decade (n) ['dekeid]
7. existence (n) [ig'zistns]
8. rapid (a) ['rpid]: quick
-> rapidly (adv)
9. scene (n) [si:n]
10. position (n) [p'zin]
11. actor (n) ['kt]
12. character (n) ['krkt]
13. audience (n) [':djns]: viewer
14. It was not until TIME that clause
->It was not until 1998 that she became a doctor
15. film marker (n) [film,'m:k]
16. spread (v) [spred]
17. musical cinema (n) ['mju:zikl,'sinim]
B. SPEAKING
1. science fiction (n)
2. cartoon (n)
3. horror (n)
4. detective (n)
5. thriller
6. war film
7. action film
 15

8. find (v) sb/sth adj :

9. prefer (v) sb/sth to sb/sth:
10. suppose (v) [s'pouz] cho la, cho rang
11. opinion (n) ['pinin] y kien, quan iem
12. moving (a) ['mu:vi] cam ng

C. LISTENING
1. Titanic (n):
2. cinema (n):
3. be on ( exp.) :
4. instead (adv)
5. grandparents (n) ['grndpernts]:
6. play (n) [plei] :
7. take classes (exp.):
8. the whole (n) [houl]:
9. go on a picnic (exp.) :
10. guess (n) [ges] :
11. suppose (v): think or believe
Task 1 :Listen and check the right column: Whose activities are these?

Activities Lan Huong

1. Visit grandparents
2. Go on a picnic
3. See a play
4. Go to the singing club
5. Take Chinese classes

Task 2: Listen and fill in the blanks

1. On _________, Lan is going to visit her grandparents.
2. On _________, Huong is going on a picnic.
3. On __________, Lan is going to see a play.
4. On __________, Huong works and she is going to the singing club.
5. On __________, Huong is taking Chinese classes.
6. On __________, Lan is busy.

D. WRITING
1. of all + Noun :
2. sinking (n) ['siki]
3. luxury (n) ['lkri]
4. liner (n)['lain]
5. voyage (n) ['viid]
6. be based on :
7. generous (a) ['denrs]
8. adventurer (n) [d'ventr]
9. be on board (exp.)
10. kill [kil] oneself :
11. be engaged [in'geidd] (exp.)
12. hit (v) [hit] am
13. iceberg (n) ['aisb:g]
 16

E. LANGUAGE FOCUS
GRAMMAR
1. Adjectives of attitude
a. Hnh thc hien tai phan t (-ING):
Ex: That film is interesting.

Note: .
.
.
.
.
b. Hnh thc qua kh phan t (-ED):
Ex: I am interested in this film.
This book is not good. I feel bored with it.
Note: .
.
.
.
.
2. It is / was not until .. that . (mai cho ti )
Ex: 1. The cinema did not become an industry until 1915.
---> It was not until 1915 that the cinema became an industry.
2. He didnt smoke until 2010.
->..
3.:He didnt smoke until he was 20.
->..
Note: .
2. Articles: a / an / the
Articles:
Complete these sentences with a/an or the.
I have ........dog. ............dog is very intelligent. It likes to play with .......orange.
* Notes:
a. A/AN: indefinite articles (mao t bt inh)
a + consonant (phu m) + singular countable noun (danh t m c s t)
an + vowel (nguyn m)
* a uniform an hour a university a union
b. THE: definite articles (mao t xac inh)
The + noun (singular / plural countable or uncountable noun)
the + a vowel .-> /i:/
A/AN c dung khi ngi hoc vt c cp Ln u Tin.
The . Khi ngi hoc vt o c nhc n Ln Hai
Ex: I have pencil and. eraser. The pencil costs 3,500 VND and eraser is 2,000 VND.
* Mt s trng hp dng mo t The
+ S th t: the first, the second, the third..
+ Danh t duy nht: the sun, the earth, the world .
+ Tn cc nhc c: the piano, the guitar
+ So snh nht v tnh t ch nhm ngi: The best time, the only way, the coldest., the poor, the rich.
Exercise:
I. Choose the best answer
1. We need to do more for..poor.
a. the b. a c. an d. zero
2. Have you already had lunch ?
 17

a. a b. an c. the d. zero
3. I am . because my exam result is so bad.
a. bore b. bored c. boring d. bores
4. She is most intelligent person I know.
a. The b. a c. an d. zero
II. Rewrite the following sentence.
1. I didn't know she had been rich until she told me.

2. Peter hadnt got married until He was 25.

3. Man didn't fly into space until the early 1960s

4. They couldn't go on working until the rain stopped

5. I shouldnt go out until half past ten this morning.

.
a. Pronunciation
1. fan (n) [fn] ngi hm m
2. fiction (n) ['fikn] tiu thuyt hu cu
3. form (v) thanh l p
4. van (n) [vn] xe tai
b. Grammar:
1. fascinate (v) ['fsineit] quyn r
2. terrify (v) ['terifai] lam khip s
3. irritate (v) ['iriteit] lam phat cau
4. horrify (v) ['hrifai] lam khip s
5. amuse (v) ['mju:z] lam cho ai ci, tiu khin
6. surprise (v) [s'praiz] lam ngac nhin
7. embarrass (v) [im'brs] lam lunh tung
5. vine (n) [vain] cy nho
6. vote (n) [vout] la phiu, s bo phiu
7. valley (n) ['vli] thung lng
8. frustrate (v) [fr'streit] lam tht vng
9. disappoint (v) [,dis'pnt] lam chan ngan
10. astronomy (n) [s'trnmi] thin vn hc
11. exhaust (v) [ig'z:st] lam kit sc
12. crash into (v) [kr] m sm vao
13. experience (n) [iks'pirins] kinh nghi m
14. depress (v) [di'pres] lam chan nan

Unit 14 The World Cup

A. READING
Before you read
1. hold [hould] held held (v) t chc
2. champion (n) ['tmpin] nha v ich
3. team (n) [ti:m] i, nhom
4. runner-up (n) [,rnr'p] i v nhi
Vocabulary
1. tournament (n) ['tnmnt] vng u, giai u
-> be held
2. sporting event (n) ['sp:ti,i'vent] s ki n th thao
3. passionate (a) ['pnt] say m
4. globe (n) [gloub] toan cu
5. viewer (n) ['vju:] ngi xem
6. FiFa['fi:f] (International Association Football Federation)
7. governing body (n) ['gvni,'bdi] c quan quan li
8. set [set] (v) up : thanh l p
9. championship (n)[w:ld,tmpjnip] giai v ich th gii.
10. it is/was not until : phai n (khi)
11. host (n) [houst] chu nha
12. gian [gein] (v) a victory over somebody:
 18

13. witness (v) ['witnis] chng kin

14. compete (v) [km'pi:t] canh tranh
15. elimination [i,limi'nein] games: cac tr n u loai
16. finalist (n) ['fainlist] i vao vng chung kt
17. jointly (adv) ['dintli] phi hp, lin kt
18. trophy (n) ['troufi] cup
19. honoured (a) ['nd] title (n) ['taitl vinh d
20. competition (n) [,kmp'tin] cu c canh tranh, thi u
B. SPEAKING
1. final match [mt] (n)
2. score (n) [sk:]
3. host country ['kntri] (n)
4. winner (n) ['win]
5. penalty shoot-out (n) ['penlti, 'u:t'aut]
6. defeat (v) [di'fi:t]

C. LISTENING
1. Brazil (n) [br'zil]
2. football player (n) cu thu
3. kick (v) [kik] -> kicking ['kiki] (n)
4. control (v) [kn'troul]: -> controlling
5. lead (v) [led] (led led)
6. championship (n) ['tmpjnip]
7. score (v)
8. goal (n) [goul]
9. goal scorer (n) [goul, 'sk:r]
10. hero (n) ['hirou]
11. retire (v) [ri'tai] ->. retirement (n) [ri'taimnt]
12. ambassasdor (n) [m'bsd]
13. promote (v) [pr'mout]
14. peace (n) [pi:s]

Task 1: Listen again and fill each blank with a suitable word
Pele is considered one of the greatest football players of all time. He was born in (1) in Brazil. As a
football player, Pele was famous for his powerful ..(2) and (3) the ball. He joined a (4)
.football club in 1956, and in (5) . he led the team to its first world club championship. Pele became
the only player to participate in (6)World Cups . By (7) , Pele had scored 1,200 goals and became a
Brazilian national (8)... He played for an (9) football club for two years before he (10) in 1977.
Later Pele became an international (11). for the sport, working to (12) peace and (13).
through friendly sport activities.

D. WRITING
1. committee (n) [k'miti]
2. announce (v) ['nauns]
3. announcer (n) ['nauns]
4. announcement (n) ['naunsmnt]
5. postpone (v) [p'spoun]
6. due [dju:] to :
7. severe (a) [si'vi]
8. captain (n) ['kptin]
9. call (v) for :
 19

10. volunteer (n) [,vln'ti]

11. state (v) [steit]
D. LANGUAGE FOCUS
b. Grammar
1. Will vs. Going to
Example 1: In a restaurant
Waiter: Do you like beer or wine?
Joe: Well, I will have beer.
Example 2:
A: Oh, I dont have any money with me!
B: Do you? Dont worry. I will lend you some.
Note: ..
* Be going to + V
Example 3:
Helen: Theres a great movie on at Cao Thang theatre tonight!
Tina: Oh, I know. Im going to see it tonight.
Note: ..
2. Will: MAKING PREDICTIONS
Example 4:
A: Susan has been studying very hard for her exams.
B: I think she will pass the exams easily.
Note: ..
.
We often use will with: Im sure, Im certain, I(dont) think , I know, I hope
Example 5:
A: Look at the black clouds in the sky.
B: It is going to rain.
Note: ..
.

c. Will: MAKING OFFERS (a ra phng on)
Example 6: Nam and Long go to watch football. After the football match, Nam feels very hot and tired.
Nam: Its so hot.
Long: I will open the window.
Note: Will is also used for making an offer. ..
.
Exercise:
Exercise:
I. Make complete sentences based on the prompts, using will or be going to
1. If you have problems with your homework, ask John.
I / sure / he / help / you.
2. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B: Yes / I / buy / something / dinner
3. A: Im so thirsty!
B: I / bring / you / drink
4. A: Your car is too dirty!
B: Yeah, I know . I / wash / it / tomorrow
 20

5. You dont need your umbrella today. I/ not/ think / it / rain.

II. Choose the correct answer:
1.Could someone help me lift the table into the truck?
Im not busy. I _______ you.
A. help B. will help C. am going to help D. am helping
2. Why ______ a new mountain bike?
A. will you buy B. are you going to buy
C. are you buying D. do you buy
Vocabulary
1. realise (v) ['rilaiz] nh n ro, thc hi n 5. bucket (n) ['bkit] cai x
2. lend [lend]-lent-lent (v) cho mn ( lend sb sth) 6. repaint (v) [ri:'peint] sn lai
3. aspirin (n) ['sprin] thuc atpirin 7. completely (adv)[km'pli:tli] hoan toan
4. fill (v) [fil] y, rot y

UNIT 16 HISTORICAL PLACES

A. READING
Before you read
1. historical (a)
2. cultural (a) ['kltrl]
3. site (n) [sait] ni, cho.
4. originally (adv) ['ridnli]
5. dynasty (n) ['dinsti]
6 representative (n) [repri'zenttiv]
7. Confucian (n) [kn'fju:n]
8. behaviour (n) [bi'heivj]
-> behave (v) [bi'heiv] c x
9. talented man ['tlntid,mn]
10. memorialize (v) [m'm:rilaiz]
11. brilliant (a) ['briljnt]
12. scholar (n) ['skl]
13. achievement (n) ['ti:vmnt]
14. royal (a) ['ril]
15. engrave (v) [in'greiv]
16. stele (n) ['sti:li] ( so nhieu: stelae)
17. giant (a) ['daint]
18. tortoise (n) ['t:ts]
19. well-preserved (a) [wel,pri'z:vd]
20. architecture (n) [':kitekt]
21. banyan ['bnin] tree (n)
22. witness (v) ['witnis]
23. feudal (a) ['fju:dl]
24. flourish (v) ['flri]
B. SPEAKING
1. president Ho Chi Minhs Mausoleum [m:s'lim] (n)
2. construction (n) [kn'strkn] : process of building or making something
3. complete (v)
4. late (adj): no longer alive
-> president ['prezidnt] (n):
5. roof (n) [ru:f]
6. maintenance (n) ['meintnns]
 21

8. World Cultural Heritage ['heritid]

9. comprise (v) [km'praiz]
10. section (n) ['sekn]: part
11. the Royal Citadel : ['ril] ['sitdel]
12. the Imperial Enclosure : [im'piril] [in'klu]
13. the Forbidden City : [f'bidn]
14. admission [d'min] fee [fi:] (n)
15. Thong Nhat Conference ['knfrns] Hall :
16. Reunification [ri:ju:nifi'kein] Hall :
17. Independence Palace [indi'pendns,'pls]
18. bombardment (n) [bm'b:dmnt]
19. rebuild (v) ['ri:bild]
20. decorate (v) ['dekreit]
21. chamber (n) ['teimb]:
1. TASK 1: Work in pairs
PRESIDENT HO CHI MINHS MAUSOLEUM
1. Place: Ba inh District, Hanoi. Where is President Ho Chi Minhs Mausoleum
(It is situated / located in.. situated / located?
2. Built in September 1973, completed in August 1975 When did the construction of the Mausoleum start
(It started in and completed in.. and complete?
( It was built in..and completed (When was the Mausoleum built and completed?)
st
3. 1 floor: a stand for important meetings organised at Ba - How many floors are there in it?
inh Square,
- What is the use of each floor?
2nd floor: where the late president is lying, 3rd floor: the
roof
(There are
(The first floor is
(The second floor is .
(The third floor is.
4. Visiting hours: 7:30 20:30 a.m. in summer and 8:00 On what days can we visit the Mausoleum?
11;00 a.m. in winter. Every day except Monday and Friday. What time can we visit it?
(We can visit it everyday ..
( We can. at.
5. Usually closed September 5 December 10 for What time is it closed for maintenance?
maintenance.
(It is usually closed .
6. No photography allowed inside. Are we allowed to take photos inside? (Can we take
(No, . photographs inside the Mausoleum?)

Task 2: : Describing places

* Useful expressions
Significance: It is listed / considered as..
Place: -It is located / situated at, on, in.
construction: It was built in
It started. and completed
Description:-It comprises / consists of
Admission time:-It is open fromto .
Admission fee: Admission fee is .

Example 1
 22

A: Welcome to Hue imperial city.

B: Can you tell me some information about it?
A: Yes, of course. Hue imperial city is listed as ..

Example :2

A: Welcome to Thong Nhat conference Hall.

B: Can you tell me some information about it?
A: Yes, of course. Thong Nhat conference Hall is also called

C. LISTENING
1. merchant (n) ['m:tnt]
2. vessel (n) ['vesl]
3. pillar (n) ['pil(r)]
4. destination (n) [desti'nein]
5. ornamental (a) [:n'mentl]
6. ornament (n) [':nmnt]
7. certify (v) ['s:tifai]
8. formerly (adv)
9. trading (n) ['treidi]
10. port (n)
11. tile-roofed (a)
Task 2: Listen again and fill each blank with a suitable word
The ancient town of Hoi An (1) on the Thu Bon River, (2) km south of Da Nang. It was
formerly a major .(3) centre in Southeast Asia between the 16 th and 17th centuries. Hoi An was also an
important .. (4) for Dutch, Portugese, Italian, Chinese, Japanese and other merchant vessels from the Far East.
Hoi An is famous for its ..(5), pagodas, small .. (6) houses and narrow streets. All the houses were
made of wood and their (7) were carved with .(8) designs.
One of the main attractions of Hoi An is the Japanese Covered Bridge, which was built in the ...
(9)century and is still well-preserved. All visitors to Hoi An are recommended a visit to the Assembly Hall of
Cantonese Chinese Congregation. This house was built in (10) and still keeps many precious objects that
belonged to the Chinese community of Hoi An. Another attractive address to tourists is Tan Ky House, which was
constructed nearly two centuries ago as a house for the Vietnamese (11)... The house now looks almost
exactly as it did in the early (12) .. century.
It was certified by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in (13)..

D. WRITING
1. chart (n)
2. information (n) [inf'mein]
3. arrival (n) ['raivl]
4. visitor (n) ['vizit]
5. comparison (n) [km'prisn]

E. LANGUAGE FOCUS
a. Pronunciation
1. pleasure (n) ['ple] niem vui thch
2. measure (n) ['me] s o lng
3. illusion (n) [i'lu:n] ao tng, s
anh la
4. massage (n) ['ms:] s xoa bop
5. machine (n) [m'i:n] may moc
6. Swedish (n) ['swi:di] ngi Thuy ien
7. washing machine (n) ['wi,m'i:n]
may giat
8. Asia (n) ['ei] chau a
 23

b. Grammar
Comparatives and superlatives (so sanh hn va so sanh nht)
I- Comparatives (so sanh hn)
1) Tnh t ngan: adj + ER + than
Tnh t ngan la t co mot van hay hai van tan cung bang y.
fast ---> faster strong ---> stronger thick ---> thicker
lucky ---> luckier happy ---> happier dry ---> drier
* LU Y:
big ---> bigger hot ---> hotter
Ex: John is stronger than his brother.
(John khoe hn anh cua cau ay.)
Note:
..
2) Tnh t dai: more + adj + than
Tnh t dai la t co hai van tr len.
modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully,
Ex: This problem is more difficult than we thought.
Note:
..
II- Superlatives (so sanh nht)
1) Tnh t ngan: the + adj + EST
cold ---> the coldest thick ---> the thickest fast ---> fastest
lucky ---> the luckiest happy ---> the happiest
* LU Y:
big ---> the biggest hot ---> the hottest
Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
Note:
..
2) Tnh t dai: the + MOST + adj
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
Ex: Her English is better than mine.
Note:
..
* Tnh t bt qui tc
Irregular adjectives/adverbs Comparative (So snh hn) Superlative (So snh nht)
(tnh t/ Trng t)

good/well better best

bad/ badly worse worst

far farther/ further farthest/ furthest

Many/much more most

little less least

Exercise
I. Using comparative form to complete the following sentences.
Example: These boys are (intelligent) those boys. These boys are more intelligent than those boys.
1. He is (good) at English I.
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2. Lan is (pretty) her mother. ..

3. This pen is (expensive) that pen. ..
4. Tokyo is (large) Nha Trang.
5. An elephant is (heavy) a horse. ..
6. Spain is (big) England.
7. My car is (bad) your car.
II. Using superlative form to complete the following sentences.
0. He is (intelligent) student I have ever met. He is the most intelligent student I have ever met
1. Its (difficult) decision Ive ever made in years. .....................................................................................
2. Mr. Bush is (delightful) person I have ever known. ..............................................................................
3. Dick is (careful) of the three workers. ...................................................................................................
4. Peter is (tall) student in my class. ..........................................................................................................
5. Whats (good) film you have ever seen? ...............................................................................................
6. She is (old) child in the family. .............................................................................................................
7. This is (big) house I have ever seen. .....................................................................................................

Vocabulary
1. comparative (a) [km'prtiv] so sanh bac hn
2. superlative (a) so sanh bac nhat
3. unhealthy (a) [n'heli] om yeu, hai sc khoe
4. fit (a) [fit] manh khoe, sung sc
5. public transport (n) phng tien giao
thong cong cong

Type If clause Main clause

Type 1: express
actions or situations
that may happen in
the present or the
future.
Type 2: express
unreal actions or
situations, which
cannot happen in the
present or the future.
Type 2: express the
thing or action that
was unreal in the past
Simple present Simple future
Ex: If I find your key, Ill phone you.
Simple past Would/ could + inf
Ex1: If I had a car, I would give you a lift.
Ex2: If I were you, I would accept his
Were cho tt ca cac S invitation.
Past perfect would (not) + have +
(S + had (not) + V3/ed) V3/ed
Ex1: If I had worked I would have passed
harder, my exam.