Assist. Prof. Dr.

Mohammed Al-dujaili

Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building

Materials
Faculty of Materials Engineering
University of Babylon
2016-2017
Lecture 2
Stage: Second
Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Al-dujaili - Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials / Faculty of Materials Engineering/
University of Babylon
 Subject: Engineering Statistics

Samples
In statistics and quantitative research
methodology, a data sample is a set of data
collected and/or selected from a statistical
population by a defined procedure. The
elements of a sample are known as sample
points, sampling units or observations.
Concept of Sample
Recall that statistical inference permits us to
draw conclusions about a population based
on a sample.
Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Al-dujaili - Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials / Faculty of Materials Engineering/
University of Babylon
A Samples and the methods of samples collection
Three of the most popular methods are:
Direct Observation
Experiments
Surveys
Systematic sampling
Is a type of probability sampling method in
which sample members from a larger
population are selected according to a
random starting point and a fixed periodic
interval. This interval, called the sampling
Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Al-dujaili - Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials / Faculty of Materials Engineering/
University of Babylon
interval, is calculated by dividing the
population size by the desired sample size

Multi-stage sampling

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Al-dujaili - Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials / Faculty of Materials Engineering/
University of Babylon
Multistage sampling can be a complex form
of cluster sampling because it is a type of
sampling which involves dividing the
population into groups (or clusters). Then,
one or more clusters are chosen at random
and everyone within the chosen cluster is
sampled.

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Al-dujaili - Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials / Faculty of Materials Engineering/
University of Babylon
Quota sampling
In quota sampling, a population is first
segmented into mutually exclusive sub-
groups, just as in stratified sampling. Then
judgment is used to select the subjects or
units from each segment based on a
specified proportion. For example, a burn
may be to sample 20 and 25 between 1000
and 1100. This means that students can put
a demand on who they want to sample
(targeting)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Al-dujaili - Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials / Faculty of Materials Engineering/
University of Babylon
 Types of Non-Probability Sampling

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Al-dujaili - Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials / Faculty of Materials Engineering/
University of Babylon
A purposive sample
Is a non-probability sample that is selected
based on characteristics of a population and
the objective of the study. Purposive
sampling is also known as judgmental,
selective, or subjective sampling.

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Al-dujaili - Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials / Faculty of Materials Engineering/
University of Babylon
Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Al-dujaili - Department of Ceramics Engineering and Building Materials / Faculty of Materials Engineering/
University of Babylon