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5/25/2017 FirstReportofPhytopythiumvexansCausingRootandCollarRotofKiwifruitinTurkey|PlantDisease

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2017,Volume101,Number6 Emailtoacolleague
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AdvancedSearch RootandCollarRotofKiwifruitinTurkey


Z.Polat,AtaturkHorticulturalCentralResearchInstitute,DepartmentofPlantHealth, ArticleHistory
Resources 77102,Yalova,TurkeyQ.N.Awan,CukurovaUniversity,AgricultureFaculty,Department
IssueDate:12May2017
ofPlantProtection,Phytopathology,01330Adana,TurkeyM.Hussain,StateKeyLabof
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Mycology,InstituteofMicrobiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,ChaoyangDistrict, Published:6Apr2017
AboutPlantDisease Beijing100101,ChinaandUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100039, FirstLook:6Mar2017
ChinaandD.S.Akgl,CukurovaUniversity,AgricultureFaculty,DepartmentofPlant
FirstLook Accepted:1Mar2017
Protection,Phytopathology,01330Adana,Turkey.
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Kiwifruit(ActinidiadeliciosaL.)productioninTurkeybeganattheendofthe21stcentury
andisincreasingeachyear.KiwifruitismostlygrownintheMarmaraandBlackSea
OpenAccess
regionsofTurkey.Asurveywascarriedoutin2015inthreeprovincesofTurkey(Bursa,
ORCIDRegistry Kocaeli,andYalova)todeterminetheprovenanceoffungalpathogensonkiwifruit.Ineight
kiwiorchardsofthreeprovinces,rootandcollarrotsymptomswithreddishbrowntodark
brownlesionswereobservedon2to20%ofthekiwivines.Abovegroundsymptoms
consistedofleafnecrosis,leafcurling,andageneraldeclineoftheplants.Isolationswere

madebyexcitingpiecesofsymptomaticrootandcollarregions.Theyweresurface
sterilizedbydippingthepiecesin1%sodiumhypochloriteforabout1to2minandplating
themon1/4strengthpotatodextroseagar(PDA)modifiedwithstreptomycinsulfateand

neomycin.AnumberofPhytophthoralikecolonieswithsphericalzoospores,ovoidto

globoseoogoni,andslowgrowingwhitishmycelium,wereisolated.Allisolatesproduced
sporangiawithprominentpapilla.Onerepresentativeisolatewasselectedforeach
provinceforspecieslevelidentificationbyDNAsequencing.GenomicDNAwasextracted
frommyceliumwithCTABprotocol(XuandLeslie1996).ExtractedDNAtemplateswere
amplifiedandsequencedforrDNAinternaltranscribedspacer(ITS),thelargesubunit
(LSU)rDNA,andcytochromeoxidaseI(coxI)generegionsusingITS4/ITS6(Whiteetal.
1990),NL1/NL4(Batenetal.2014),andFM85mod/OomCOILevup(Robideauetal.2011)
primersets,respectively.NCBIBLASTresultsshowed99to100%similaritywiththeITS,
LSU,andcoxIsequencesofPhytopythiumvexansinGenBank(KT337684.1,AY598713.1,
HQ665090.1,AB690604,AB690608,HQ708447,KT692908.1,andKT692907.1,

respectively).ThesequencesweresubmittedtoGenBankandgivenaccessionnumbers

http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PDIS11161554PDN 1/2
5/25/2017 FirstReportofPhytopythiumvexansCausingRootandCollarRotofKiwifruitinTurkey|PlantDisease

KY024339,KY024340,andKY024341forITS5.8SgenerDNAKY024342,KY024343,and
KY024344forLSUrDNAandKY473919,KY473920,andKY473921forcoxIgeneregions,
respectively.TocompleteKochspostulates,apathogenicitytestwasperformedon1year
oldpottedkiwifruit(cv.Hayward)plants.Theisolatesweregrownon1/4strengthPDAat
26Cfor7dayspriortoinoculation.A5mmcorkborerwasusedtoproduceinjuryatthe
interfaceofrootsandstemsofkiwifruitplantsfollowedbyplacing5mmmycelialagar
plugs,andcoveredwithParafilm.FiveplantsweretreatedwithPDAplugsascontrols.
Necroticlesiondevelopmentwasfirstobservedafter18daysofinoculation,andat40
days,over65%ofinoculatedplantsexhibitedsymptomssimilartothoseobservedinthe
field.However,controlplantsremainedhealthyandasymptomatic.Reisolationofthe
pathogenfromtheinoculatedplantsconfirmedthatP.vexansisthecausalagentofroot
andcollarrotofkiwifruit.Toourbestknowledge,thisisthefirstreportofP.vexans
causingrootandcollarrotofkiwifruitinTurkey,andthisreportwillserveasthe
foundationoffuturestudiesaimingforfurthercharacterizationandmanagementofroot
andcollarrotofkiwifruit.

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References:

Baten,M.A.,etal.2014.Mycol.Prog.13:1003.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557014
10031[CrossRef][ISI]
Robideau,G.P.,etal.2011.Mol.Ecol.Resour.11:1002.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17550998.2011.03041.x[CrossRef][ISI]
White,T.J.,etal.1990.Page315in:PCRProtocols:AGuidetoMethodsand
Applications.AcademicPress,SanDiego.[CrossRef]
Xu,J.R.,andLeslie,J.F.1996.Genetics68:175.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300034066[CrossRef]

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