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Tutorial 3 Solution
Reciprocating Compressor
Winardi Sani
1. Air is compressed in a single-stage reciprocating compressor from 1.013 bar and
15 C to 7 bar. Calculate the indicated power required for a free air delivery of
0.3 m3 /min, when the compression process is as follows:
(a) isentropic
(b) reversible isothermal
(c) polytropic, with n = 1.25
What is the delivery temperature at each case?
3 2
p
2
FAD, V = 0.3 m3 /min
At state 1:
p p1 = 1.013 bar, T1 = 15C = 15 + 273.15 = 288.15 K
this area
= At state 2:
indicated work
p 4 1 p2 = 7 bar.
1
Isentropic index = 1.4
V
Indicated power:
T2
wisen. = RT1 ( 1)
1 T1
wisen.
Wisen. = m
T2
= mRT
1( 1)
1 T1
1.4
= = 3.5
1 1.4 1
1
Solution Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif
Tutorial 3/ ws Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
BDA 3043 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
mRT
1 = p1 V1
Temperature, T2 = T1 = 15C:
(c) Polytropic compression, n = 1.25
Temperature, T2 :
n1
T2 p2 n
= (6)
T1 p1
n1 1.25 1
= = 0.20
n 1.25
p2 7
= = 6.9102
p1 1.013
n1
p2 n
= 1.4720 (7)
p1
T2 = 288.15 1.4720 = 424.15 K
= 151C (8)
Indicated power:
n T2
wpoly. = RT1 ( 1)
n1 T1
wpoly
Wpoly = m
n T2
= mRT
1( 1)
n1 T1
n 1.25
= =5
n1 1.25 1
2
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif Solution
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Tutorial 3/ ws
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia BDA 3043
mRT
1 = p1 V1 = 506.5 W (remains unchanged.)
W ploy = 5 506.5 W (1.4720 1) = 1.195 kW (9)
isoth. < W
From the answers in (a), (b), and (c), we see W ploy < W
isen. . The
minimum work is achieved by the isothermal compression.
d2 d2
V = l = 1.2d (10)
4 4
V = 0.3d3
V
V =
N
0.3
= = 3 104 m3
1000
d2
1.2d = 3 104 m3
4
d = 0.683 m = 68.3 mm (11)
3
Solution Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif
Tutorial 3/ ws Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
BDA 3043 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
p 3 T2 2
2
delivery
N = 1000 rev/min
expansion
p2 = 25 bar
p
Induction and FAD are of the same conditions.
on
si
es
pr
pin = 1.013 bar; Tin = 15C = 288.15 K
V in = 0.25 m3 /min
m
suction T1 co
1
p
1 4
induced volume
swept volume l/d = 1.2
p V3 V4 V2 V V1
clearance
1
volume Clearance volume:V3 = 0.03 Vs
d2
Vs = l = 0.3 d3 (12)
4
V1 = Vs + V3 = (1 + 0.03)Vs = 1.03Vs (13)
Polytropic expansion:
1 1 1
V4 p3 n p2 n 25 1.3
= = = = 11.777
V3 p4 p1 1.013
V4 = V3 11.777
V4 = 0.03 11.777 Vs = 0.353 Vs (14)
V in 0.25
Vin = = = 0.25 103 m3 (15)
N 1000
Vin = V1 V4 (16)
= (1.03 0.353)Vs = 0.677 Vs (17)
4
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif Solution
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Tutorial 3/ ws
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia BDA 3043
p (p,V,T)induced Vin
a T
a
v =
Va m m Vs
1/n
V3 p2
=1 1 (21)
Vs p1
From the previous calculations:
V3
= 0.03
Vs
1/n
p2
1 = 11.777
p1
n T2
w= RT1 ( 1)
n1 T1
W =m w
n T2
= mRT
1( 1)
n1 T1
n 1.3
= = 4.333
n1 1.3 1
n1 1.31
T2 p2 n 25 1.3
= = = 2.096
T1 p1 1.013
mRT
1 = p1 V1
5
Solution Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif
Tutorial 3/ ws Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
BDA 3043 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
3 2
atmosphere
p = 1.013 bar
a
(p = 1bar ,T = 40 oC)
Vin m induced p
T a = 15 o C 1
cylinder 4
Va m
m
V
(a) FAD, see eq. (22) in the lecture note:
pa Va p4 Vin
m
= =
RTa RT4
Ta p4
FAD = Va = Vin (27)
T4 pa
6
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif Solution
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Tutorial 3/ ws
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia BDA 3043
= n T2
W mRT
1( 1)
n1 T1
n 1.3
= = 4.333
n1 1.3 1
n1 1.31
T2 p2 n 25 1.3
= = = 2.10
T1 p1 1
mRT
1 = p1 V1
Va V a
v = =
Vs V s
V s = Vs N = 0.3693 103 1000 = 0.3693 m3 /min
0.227
v = = 61.4% (30)
0.3693
7
Solution Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif
Tutorial 3/ ws Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
BDA 3043 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
3 2
p
2 70 bar
p p=p
2 i 2 p
1
p 3 4 1 T
2 2
p
32 oC
1
p 1 bar
1
4
Vs,HP V s
Vs,LP
pi (n1)/n
c =2 n
W mRT
1 1
n1
p1
For ideal intermediate pressure: pi = p1 p2
(n1)/2n
n p2
Wc = 2 mRT
1 1 (31)
n1 p1
n1 1.25 1
= = 0.1
2n 2 1.25
n 1.25
= =5
n1 1.25 1
(n1)/2n 0.1
p2 70
= = 1.5294
p1 1
8
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif Solution
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Tutorial 3/ ws
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia BDA 3043
(b) the saving in power over single-stage compression between the same pres-
sure
(n1)/n
c,single = n p2
W mRT
1 1
n1 p1
n1 1.25 1 n 1.25
= = 0.2, = =5
n 1.25 n1 1.25 1
(n1)/n 0.2
p2 70
= = 2.339
p1 1
mRT
1 = 4.291 kW
c,single = 5 4.291 (2.339 1) = 28.727 kW
W
(33)
Power saving:
saved = W
W c,single W
c (34)
saved = 28.727 22.72 = 6.0 kW
W (35)
LP compressor:
pa V a p1 V in
m
= =
RTa RT1
m R T1
V in,LP =
p1
48.997 103 kg/s 0.287 kJ/kg K 305.15 K 1 bar 1000
= 5
1 bar 10 Pa 1 k
V in,LP = 4.29 102 m3 /s
V in 4.29 102
Vin,LP = = 60 = 3.43 102 m3 (36)
N 750
Vin = V1 V4
1 1
V4 p3 n pi n
= =
V3 p4 p1
9
Solution Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif
Tutorial 3/ ws Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
BDA 3043 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
p
with pi = p1 p2 = 70/1 = 8.367
1
8.367 1.25
= 5.471
1
HP compressor:
Vs,LP
Vs,HP = (39)
pi
3.96 103
Vs,HP = = 0.47 103 m3 (40)
8.367
Power transmission
W
mech =
shaft
W
shaft = 22.72 kW/0.85
W
shaft = 26.73 kW
= W (41)
10
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif Solution
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Tutorial 3/ ws
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia BDA 3043
p 3 T2 2
2
delivery
expansion
n
io
ss e
pr
m
suction T1 co
1
p
1 4
induced volume
swept volume
p V3 V4 V2 V V1
1 clearance
volume
p
2 swept volume
Vin
vol = (43)
Vs
Vs = V1 V3 (44)
Vin = V1 V4 (45)
V1 V4
vol = (46)
V1 V3
V3 V3
Let define the clearance ratio: c = Vs = V1 V3
V3 V1 1+c
V1 V3 = or = 1 + 1/c = (47)
c V3 c
V1 V4
vol = c (48)
V
3
V1 V4
=c (49)
V3 V3
1/n
V4 p3
= (50)
V3 p4
11
Solution Jabatan Kejuruteraan Loji dan Automotif
Tutorial 3/ ws Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
BDA 3043 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
1/n
1+c p3
vol = c (51)
c p4
1/n
p3
=1+c 1 (52)
p4
V3
with p3 = p2 , p4 = p1 and c = Vs
1/n
V3 p2
vol =1 1 (53)
Vs p1
12