Zydowicz 1

Marcavius Zydowicz

Rigamonti, WR121

Annotated Bibliography

30 JUN 2017

Annotated Bibliography

McWhorter, John H. How Hip-Hop Holds Blacks Back. City Journal, Summer 2003.

<https://www.city-journal.org/html/how-hip-hop-holds-blacks-back-12442.html>

Discusses perceived negative influences of hip-hop music and the evolution of music

over time.

The article uses the evolution of music to attempt to show how hip-hop has been a

degrading factor. There is a way to contact the authors office. The article is written well

and there are no advertisements, and a comments section.

Saengian, Kathy. Researcher Cites Negative Influences of Hip-Hop. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.

June 12, 2008

<http://www.post-gazette.com/life/lifestyle/2008/06/13/Researcher-cites-negative-

influences-of-hip-hop/stories/200806130124>

Outlines negative influences of Hip-Hop on young black girls being sexualized or

otherwise objectified. Talks about how there are 5 sexual personas within the black

community for women and their references in culture. There are numerous ads and

surveys attached to the site, and it advertises a symposium that costs 125 dollars, at the

end of the article, for parents in Pittsburgh.

Dalmeda, Jodie. Hip-Hop On Trial: Hip-Hop Doesnt Enhance Society, It Degrades it Global

Grind
 Zydowicz 2

<https://globalgrind.cassiuslife.com/1855661/hip-hop-trial-hip-hop-doesnt-enhance-

society-it-degrades-it/>

Discusses the behavior of current male rap/hip-hop artists and posits the question of

whether this has enhanced or degraded society. The article closes with saying that a few

rap words were the only things ever on trial. The wording is casual and easy to follow.

The article in a not well known corporate news outlet, billed to look urban. There are

ads for black male fashion and related articles.

Noonuccal, Oodgeroo- Coates, Ta-Nehisi- Heiss, Anita Collected by Stan Grant Black Writers

Courageously Stare Down The White Gaze- This is Why We Must All Read Them.

Guardian. December 30, 2015

<https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/dec/31/black-writers-courageously-

staring-down-the-white-gaze-this-is-why-we-all-must-read-them>

Outlines the white gaze from the black authors perspective with quotes that are

respectively elaborated on. The Guardian has advertisements for related and unrelated

popular articles on the side and bottoms of the page. The article is easy to read and

concise.

Giovacchini, Anthony M. Negative influence of Gangster Rap And What Can Be Done About It.

Stanford June 4 1999

<https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/mediarace/negative.htm>

Uses gangster rap lyrics that talk about killing police, selling narcotics, and degrading

women to point out the negative influences on crime and morality in society. The article

seems to be an essay from a student, and an attempt to align the reader with Master Ps

No Limit Records, and the non-violence campaign he was running at the time.
 Zydowicz 3

Hicks, Jeffrey. How Hip-Hop Destroys The Potential Of Black Youth. National Center

<https://www.nationalcenter.org/P21NVHicksHipHop90706.html>

Argues the lyrical content of some hip hop is preventing youth from actualizing. Argues

excess, underachievement, and glorification of inner city life is problematic for black

culture. The article is published on the National Leadership Network of Conservative

African-Americans and is graphically dated. It resembles a short, unkept blog.

No Author. Impacts of Rap Music On Youths. Weebly Personal Website

<http://impactofrapmusiconyouths.weebly.com/positive-impacts.html>

Argues the positive effects of rap music. Outlines the evolution of hip-hop in African-

American communities. Talks about how it has spread all over the world and how it has

instilled a sense of social awareness, hope, support, and programs for youth. The article is

very in depth and doesnt advertise, except informs the reader on what some of the

programs for youth are. Its an independent website.

Killion, Chris. Experts Debate Hip-Hops Influence On American Culture, Youth, For Better Or

For Worse. The Daily Universe. May 13, 2005

<http://universe.byu.edu/2005/05/13/experts-debate-hiphops-influence-on-american-

culture-youth-for-better-or-for-worse/>

Discusses the different studies on the effects of hip-hop from both sides and argues

whether it is a bad or good influence. It shows how hip-hop is a staple of American

culture, now. The article seems to be a press for Brigham Young University, and only has

two advertisements. There are numerous formatting errors, likely from coding on the

website, though its easy to read.

 Zydowicz 4

Odenthal Romano, Kathleen. How Hip-Hop Music Has Influenced American Culture And

Society. Spinditty. April 20, 2016

<https://spinditty.com/genres/Hip-Hops-Influence-on-America>

Discusses hip-hop as a culture and where it came from, how it was a crucial element for

uplifting the black community, how it would benefit society to embrace hip-hop culture

rather than fight it, how hip-hop in the 90s started being seen as being responsible for the

socio-economic problems of the people it was uplifting, and how it continues to change.

The article is extremely well written and warm feeling. The website is visually pleasing

and has three lone, related advertisements. There is an open comments section, lined with

good reviews from actual commenters.

Cashmore, Pete. Hip-Hop, Dont Stop Its Good For Your Mental Health. The Guardian.

November 11, 2014

<https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/11/hip-hop-good-for-mental-

health-depression>

Summarizes studies showing rap music is therapeutic for those who suffer from mental

issues and that it can help bolster self-esteem. Talks about how it is relatable to everyone

because of the struggles and frustrations they can relate it to in their own life. It shows it

gives voice to frustrations in a way to deal with them. The article is on the guardian, and

again, simple to read and with little advertisement.