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Magnetic effect of current

Magnetism

Objects which are attracted and not attracted to magnets

Magnetic field forms around a bar magnet

A region within which the magnet has an influence is known as the magnetic field. The magnetic field
around a bar magnet consist of a number of lines of magnetic forces.

A magnetic field is not perceptible to the eye.


Investigating the magnetic field around a bar magnet

Magnetic Effect of a Current

The direction of the needle change as the current flows through the conductor. And reversing the direction of
flow of current also change the direction of the deflection. Deflection happens when there is a formation of
magnetic field.

Figure: a magnetic effect (field) due to a straight conductor carrying a current.

When an electric current pass through a conductor magnetic field forms around it. The direction of the
magnetic field can be taken from the right-hand grip rule.

The right-hand grip rule


Electromagnet

An electric current pass through a long coil forms a electro magnet. The field forms in an electromagnet is
equivalent to a magnetic field around a bar magnet.

The direction of the magnetic field can be taken using the inverse of right hand grip rule.

Factors depend on the strength of magnetic field

Magnitude of the current


Number of turns of the coil
Soft iron core
Forces acting on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field

The magnitude of the resulting force depends on the following three factors.
1. The magnitude of the current through the conductor
2. The length of the conductor between the rods
3. The strength of the magnetic field
Flemings left hand rule

The direction of the force effect on a conductor carrying electric current can be taken by the Flemings law.

Exercises
Direct current motor

Main parts of the DC motor

Armature

The coil is wrapped around a steel or iron core.


This coil, together with the core, is known as the armature.
The function of the armature is to give rise to a rotation by generating a couple when a current is passing
through it.

Magnetic Poles

A magnetic field is required to exert a force on a coil when a current flow through the coil.
In normal DC motors this magnetic field is obtained by poles of a permanent magnet arranged around the
armature.
Commutator
Used to alternate the direction of current flow

Split ring commutator Ring commutator

Operation of a DC Motor
Electromagnetic induction

Electric current can be produced by moving a conductor in a magnetic field.

The generation of an electromotive force between the terminals of a conductor when the conductor is kept at
rest in a changing magnetic field or when the conductor is moving in a constant magnetic field is known as
electromagnetic induction.

Electromagnetic induction was first introduced to the world by Michael Faraday.

An electromotive force has been created by the relative motion between the coil and the magnet. Such an
electromotive force is known as an induced electromotive force.

There are several factors affecting the magnitude of the induced electromotive force. Faradays experiments
showed these factors as,

1. the number of turns (windings) in the coil,


2. strength of the magnet, and
3. speed of motion of the magnet or coil.

Direction of the current induced in a straight conductor placed in a magnetic field and connected to a
closed circuit

The direction of current flow can be found using Flemings right hand rule.

Flemings right hand law

Lenzs law

The direction of flow of the induced current is such that it opposes the change producing it.

Exercises
Applications of Electromagnetic Induction

AC dynamo
DC dynamo

Inverse of a DC motor can be considered as a DC dynamo.

Bicycle Dynamo

In a dynamo, the energy is converted from mechanical energy to electric energy.

Direct current (DC)


Alternative current (AC)

Transformers

Transformers are two types.

1. Step-down transformer
2. Step-down Transformer

Construction of a Transformer

Circuit diagram
Relationship of voltage and current

Power of transformers

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