Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Magnetism
A region within which the magnet has an influence is known as the magnetic field. The magnetic field
around a bar magnet consist of a number of lines of magnetic forces.
The direction of the needle change as the current flows through the conductor. And reversing the direction of
flow of current also change the direction of the deflection. Deflection happens when there is a formation of
magnetic field.
When an electric current pass through a conductor magnetic field forms around it. The direction of the
magnetic field can be taken from the right-hand grip rule.
An electric current pass through a long coil forms a electro magnet. The field forms in an electromagnet is
equivalent to a magnetic field around a bar magnet.
The direction of the magnetic field can be taken using the inverse of right hand grip rule.
The magnitude of the resulting force depends on the following three factors.
1. The magnitude of the current through the conductor
2. The length of the conductor between the rods
3. The strength of the magnetic field
Flemings left hand rule
The direction of the force effect on a conductor carrying electric current can be taken by the Flemings law.
Exercises
Direct current motor
Armature
Magnetic Poles
A magnetic field is required to exert a force on a coil when a current flow through the coil.
In normal DC motors this magnetic field is obtained by poles of a permanent magnet arranged around the
armature.
Commutator
Used to alternate the direction of current flow
Operation of a DC Motor
Electromagnetic induction
The generation of an electromotive force between the terminals of a conductor when the conductor is kept at
rest in a changing magnetic field or when the conductor is moving in a constant magnetic field is known as
electromagnetic induction.
An electromotive force has been created by the relative motion between the coil and the magnet. Such an
electromotive force is known as an induced electromotive force.
There are several factors affecting the magnitude of the induced electromotive force. Faradays experiments
showed these factors as,
Direction of the current induced in a straight conductor placed in a magnetic field and connected to a
closed circuit
The direction of current flow can be found using Flemings right hand rule.
Lenzs law
The direction of flow of the induced current is such that it opposes the change producing it.
Exercises
Applications of Electromagnetic Induction
AC dynamo
DC dynamo
Bicycle Dynamo
Transformers
1. Step-down transformer
2. Step-down Transformer
Construction of a Transformer
Circuit diagram
Relationship of voltage and current
Power of transformers