ENGINEERING STUDENT COUNCIL

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

Differential Calculus 1st Term Prelims Reviewer AY1516

I. LIMITS OF FUNCTIONS AS X APPROACHES A CONSTANT

LIMITS - The value that a function or expression approaches as the domain variable(s) approach a
1
specific value. Limits are written in the form lim (). For example, the limit of () = as x

1 1 1
approaches 3 is . This is written as lim 3 = .
3 3

A. Indeterminate Form

Things to avoid: Indeterminate forms like infinity divided by infinity or zero divided by zero

Example 1:

Example 2:

Factor the two terms

*Pwede ifactor yung numerator

*Icacancel yung isang factor then substitute na

Tip: Lagi niyo icheck kung may division by zero yung kinalabasan ng function, saka lang kayo
magchecheck ng right hand limit and left hand limit. Unless yun yung nakalagay sa problem.

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ENGINEERING STUDENT COUNCIL
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

II. CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION OF ONE VARIABLE.

Function y = f(x) is continuous at point x=a if the following three conditions are satisfied:

I.) f(a) is defined ,

II.) exists (i.e., is finite) ,

And

III.) .

EXAMPLE 1: Determine if the following function is continuous at x=1

SOLUTION:

Condition 1: f(a) is defined

Since f(1) = 2 .

Condition 2: exists

3(1) 5 = -2

Condition 3: The 2 should be equal

The Third Condition is not satisfied.

.: f is not continuous at x=1

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ENGINEERING STUDENT COUNCIL
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

Types of Discontinuity

1. Point Discontinuity - Usually occurs at piecewise defined functions.

Ex.

*Right hand limit niya is 4 tapos Left hand limit niya din is 4 as x approaches 2; Pero walang value
yung f(2), May butas yung function kaya discontinuous siya

2. Jump Discontinuity This happens when Right Hand Limit is not equal to the Left Hand Limit

Ex.

*Dito naman Yung right hand limit niya is equal to 4 tapos yung left hand limit niya is 1. Bale
pagkatapos mareach nung function yung 2, tatalon na siya sa 4.

3. Infinite Discontinuity- This usually occurs at functions with fractions and division by zero.

Ex.

*Di equal yung RHL saka LHL; since walang value ang kailangan kunin yung RHL at LHL nila at

discontinuous sila sa 0

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ENGINEERING STUDENT COUNCIL
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

III. Differentiation
Eto Lahat ng formulas na gagamitin niyo:

(Lalakihan ko na para di niyo makalimutan)

Ex. y = (x+1)(2x-3x)

u = (x+1); v = (2 - 3x)

Translation: Leave u alone then differentiate v; tapos si v

{a is a constant} naman iiwanan tas differentiate yung u. add mo yung
nakuha mo

Ex. = 3 2

Yung a ditto is yung 3 and yung u is so bale, 3( ) yung

derivative ng is 2x kaya nagging:

y = 3(2x)

y = 6x

Translation: Pag may function na may + sign, pwede mo

sila paghiwalayin. Iadd mo nalang yung dalawang
derivative nila

Ex. y = 3 2 + 5 + 1 Ex.

Para sa unang term, yung yung u, and ang n natin is 2.

Yung differentiated equation natin is (2)(). Yung sa 5x
naman ganun din, yung u natin is yung mismong 5x tapos
ibaba natin yung 1 na exponent ng x kaya nagging 5.

= 6x + 5

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ENGINEERING STUDENT COUNCIL
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

Self Assesment:

I. Differentiate the following:

(+1)2
1.
2 +1
3
2. ( 2 +69)4
1
Ex. 3. 1
( 2 1)2
2 ( 3
4. sin + 5) cos 3 ( 2 )

u=x+2

v = 3x +1

Tip: Solve denominator and numerator separately. Okaay Answers:

para sa example na to, denominator muna. Bale square
lang natin yung v. sa numerator naman, parang product ( 2 +1)(2)(+1)(1)(+1)2 (2)
rule lang pero subtraction tapos una mong idederive 1. ( 2 +1)2
yung numerator ng function. Tas imumultiply mo sa v then
4 3
gawin mo naman sa kabila yun ( 2 +69) (3 2 + 2 )( 3 )(4)( 2 +69) (2)
2. ( 2 +69)8
1 1
1
()( 2 1)2 (0)(1)( )( 2 1) 2 (2)
3. 2
2 ( 2 1)

4. sin2 ( 3 + 5)(3)(cos 2 ( 2 ))()(2)

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