FIAMM Standby Battery Installation Guide

FIAMM Standby Batteries Installation & Operating Instruction -Technical Manual Edition 06/2013 - EMEA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION SAFETY
CONSTRUCTION FEATURES Protective Equipment

Battery disposal
Plates
Containers
MAINTENANCE
Separators
Electrolyte Battery care
Vent Plugs Cleaning
Terminal post Voltage checks
Specific gravity reading
OPERATING FEATURES Cell Appearance
Capacity Pilot Cell
Capacity in relation to discharge rate Periodic Inspections
Capacity range of FIAMM Flooded Lead Acid
Batteries BATTERY TEST
Capacity in relation to the temperature APPLICABLE STANDARDS
Internal impedance and short circuit current
Storage of filled and charged cells
Storage of dry charged cells
Service life
Gassing
Operation of batteries in parallel
Electrolyte Specific Gravity - State of charge
COMMISSIONING CHARGE / FIRST

CHARGE
Dry charge cells

Filled and Charged Cells
CHARGING
Floating charge
Boost charge (Recharge following a discharge)
Equalize voltage
BATTERY INSTALLATION
Installation
Battery room requirements
Page 2 of 2
This document and the confidential information it contains shall be distributed, routed or made available solely with written permission of FIAMM. FIAMM
S.p.A. reserves the right to change or revise without notice any information or detail given in this publication.
FIAM
MM Standby Ba
atteries Installation & Operating Instruction -Technical Manual Edition 06//2013 - EMEA
INTROD
DUCTION Suitable threaaded post dessign (male or female pole)
p
with solid coonnectors are provided to ensure
e low ohhmic
Inn a high tecchnological environment
e it is extrem
mely losses. Post to
t lid seals arre designed too prevent leakkage
immportant to have a backkup power source s wheneever over a wide range
r of internnal pressures and conditionns of
p
possible. In faact mains powwer failure couuld cause sevvere thermal cycliing. Intercell connections in the FIA AMM
loosses and dammages anytimee. multicell AGGM battery ddesign are electrically weelded
F
FIAMM has been develloping througghout years of through the cell walls to m
minimise the innternal impedance
reesearch and exxperience sevveral ranges off Absorbed Gllass while maintaiining complette separation of the indiviidual
B
Batteries (AGM M) to ensure the
t best reliability and qualiity. cells.
Special plasstic terminaal caps aree provided for

CONSTR
RUCTION
N FEATURE
ES transportationn assuring a pprotection agaainst short cirrcuit
during transpoortation. F
The main coonstruction features
T f of FIAMM AG GM
b
batteries are shortly
s described in the beelow section.
Cutaway draawing of FIAM
MM AGM ceell
Plates A
Both positive and negativee plates are of
B o the flat passted
E D
tyype. The activve material is made of a passte of lead oxiide,
w
water, sulphuriic acid and otther materials needed to obttain
thhe performannces and stabbility requiredd throughout the
b
battery life. The
T grids are made of a high h quality lead
a
alloy with calccium and tin which
w assuress good resistaance
a
against corrosiion C
Containers B D
Battery cases and
B a lids are made
m of a typpe of ABS whhich
c
complies with American Staandards UL 94, 9 class V-0 and
w
with IEC 7077, method FV0.F This material
m is shoock
reesistant and flame
f retardannt. They are also designedd to A B
fu
fully withstannd the internaal pressure variations
v durring
b
battery operatiion. This is further
f ensureed by reinforrced
c
container wallss and lids. Haandles have been
b designed for
some batteries into the lids to
t facilitate haandling.
Separatorss C
The separatorss are made of
T o glass microofibre mats by a F E F E
sppecial processs which resultts in a high poorosity with very
v
smmall pore diameters
d to ensure maaximum oxyggen
d
diffusion whilee maintainingg high plate uttilisation and low
l
innternal resistaance. The plattes are compleetely wrappedd by
thhe separator and
a the electroolyte is compleetely absorbedd in Female (B
Bolt) terminal Ma
ale Terminal
thhe separator and
a plates. Byy this method,, the sheddingg of
a
active materiaal which durring the batttery life cauuses
shhorting with flooded
f batteryy constructionn is avoided.
Electrolytee
The electrolyte is sulphuricc acid of 1.3 sp. gr. at 200C
T
w
with same purity characterristics as otheer types of hhigh
q
quality lead accid batteries.
Valves D
Each cell has a one way valve
E v to perm
mit the releasee of
g
gases from the
t cell wheenever the innternal presssure
e
exceeds the fixed
f safety value.
v The valve
v is ratedd at
0
0.15~0.30 atm
mospheres (15~
~30 Kpa).
Terminal posts
p E
Page 3 off 3
Th
his document and thet confidential infoormation it contains
s shall be distribute
ed, routed or made available solely witth written permissio
on of FIAMM. FIAMM
S.p.A. reserves the right to change or re
evise without notice
e any information or
o detail given in this
s publication.
Connections
Suitable solid connectors 1 are made of tin or lead

plated copper; suitable insulated plastic covers
2 are 2
made of ABS -V0
From 5 to 10
mm
Remote Venting System (RVS)
Most of FIAMM AGM batteries are designed with an

optional central degassing system on the top lid
2 covering sheet. So if batteries need to be installed in a
totally sealed cabinet, it is advisable to use the remote
venting system available from the manufacturer to
conduct any gas from the batteries to the outside of the
cabinet itself.
4 RVS front side

2 used for FIT / UMTB range
2
1 1 5 RVS top side

used for SLA / FLB / SP /
FIT / UMTB range
4
TOP TERMINAL CONNECTION is mainly used for
FIAMM battery range SLA FLB SP as well
Front Terminal Connections
Suitable solid connectors made of copper thin or lead 5

plated and covers made of ABS are provided to make a
propper installation between blocs. Designed for
FIAMM front terminal range UMTB FIT using a
special L clamp
1 SOLID CONNECTOR
2 COVER
3 L CLAMP
Page 4 of 4
OPERATING FEATURES Capacity range of FIAMM AGM Lead Acid

Batteries
Capacity
FIAMM Capacity range
The battery capacity is rated in ampere hours (Ah) and Battery range [Ah]
is the quantity of electricity which it can supply during UMTB from 60 to 160
discharge. The capacity depends on the quantity of the FIT from 40 to 180
active materials contained in the battery (thus on SLA from 25 to 2000
dimensions and weight) as well as the discharge rate, FLB from 26 to 235
and temperature, and minimum voltage. SP from 26 to 235
The nominal capacity of FIAMM batteries refers to the
10 hrs discharge rate (indicated with C10) with constant
current at 20C to 1.80 volt per cell. Capacity in relation to the temperature
13 The capacity available from a battery, at any

particular discharge rate, varies with temperature.
12.5
Batteries which have to operate at temperatures
12 different from the nominal (20C) need a higher or
11.5
lower capacity as per the factor indicated in the
following graph (required capacity has to be multiply
Bloc Voltage (Volt)
11
by the correction factor stated in the graph).
I=0,088 C10
10.5 I= 0,1 C10
I= 0,15 C10
I= 0,27 C10 1.2
10
I=0,5 C10
I=0,85 C10
1.1
9.5
1.0
Temperature correction factor
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
hours
0.9
0.8 15 -30 min. discharge rate

Fig. 1: Typical discharge curves for FIAMM AGM batteries (FIT
range) 1-10 hours discharge rate
0.7
Capacity in relation to discharge rate 0.6
The available capacity of all lead acid batteries depend 0.5
on discharge rate (discharge current); this is due to 0.4

internal electrochemical process and type of -20C -10C 0C 10C 20C 30C 40C 50C
construction (i.e. type of positive plate).
Temperature
120
Fig. 3: Capacity Correction factor versus temperature for a 10 hours

100 discharge rate for FIAMM Lead Acid AGM batteries
80 Internal impedance and short circuit current

available capacity [%]
60
The internal impedance of a lead acid battery is a
direct result of the type of internal construction, plate
40
thickness, number of plates, separator material,
electrolyte sp. gr., temperature and state of charge.
20
The internal resistance and the short circuit current of
FIAMM VRLA batteries at 100% state of charge and
20C is indicated in the relative Product Sheet. These
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 values are calculated in accordance with IEC 60896
hours part 21/22.
Different instruments are available to detect the
internal resistance or impedance of lead acid
Fig. 2: Average available capacity versus discharge rates for FIAMM batteries. These instruments use a different way to
AGM batteries
determinate these values. The values obtained from
these instruments will be different to the values stated
in FIAMM Product Sheet.
Page 5 of 5
Service life in each string only cells or monoblocs of the same

type, model and quantity should be used;
According to the main international standards a battery is a symmetrical layout of the batteries should be
considered at the end of its service life whenever designed (i.e. length and type of connector) to
delivering less than 80% of its nominal capacity. The minimize possible resistance variations;
recommended operating temperature range is between the quantity of strings in parallel should be
10C to 30C. FIAMM VRLA batteries can operate over reasonable in terms of layout and application.
a temperature range of 20 to +50C and higher; Usually 4 strings could be connected in parallel.
operation at temperature higher than 20C reduces life However, depending on strings voltage and cables
expectancy according to the graph in figure 4. length, a higher number of strings could be safely
connected to reach required total capacity.
120
Open circuit voltage - State of charge

100
The measurement of the open circuit voltage (battery has
to be disconnect from charger system for at least 24
80 hours) provides an approximate indication of the state of
charge of the cells.
Battery Life (%)
60 2.15
40
2.10
Open Circuit Voltage [V/cell.]

20
2.05
0
20 30 40 50
2.00
TEMPERATURE [C]
Fig. 4: Expected service life vs working temperature

1.95
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
State of Charge [%]
Gassing
All Lead Acid Batteries emits gases during the charge Fig. 5: Approximate state of Charge versus Open circuit cell voltage
process. FIAMM VRLA batteries have a high
recombination efficiency (>98%) and for cells operated at
20C under normal operating conditions venting is
virtually negligible. Laboratory test measurements show
the following gassing rates:
2 ml/Ah/cell/month at a float voltage of 2.27 V/cell
10 ml/Ah/cell/month at a recharge voltage of 2.40
V/cell.
The quantity of gas given off in the air (it basically
consists of 80-90% hydrogen) is very low and thus it is
clear that FIAMM VRLA batteries can be installed in
rooms containing electric equipment with no explosion
danger or corrosion problems under normal conditions. In
any case these rooms or cabinets must have a natural or
forced ventilation and not be fully sealed. Please refer to
VENTILATION for information on required air
exchange.
Operation of batteries in parallel
When the required capacity exceeds the capacity of a

single string of batteries, it is possible to connect more
strings in parallel paying attention to the following
guidelines:
Page 6 of 6
RECHARGING limited to no more than once per month to ensure the

maximum service life of the battery.
In order to ensure the best protection against power
failures in any moment, it is necessary that batteries are
kept in the following conditions: 120%
in float charging throughout all their standby period; 100%
fully recharged soon after a discharge, I=0.15 C10
completely recharged after a discharge. Recharge as
Recharged Capacity [Ah]

80%
soon as possible to ensure maximum protection I=0.10 C10
against subsequent power outages. Early recharge also 60%

I=0.05 C10
ensures the maximum battery life.
40%
Floating charge 20%
Floating battery systems are those where the charger, the 0%

battery and the load are connected in parallel. 0 5 10 15 20
Time [hours]
The "float" setting will maintain the battery in a fully
charged state with minimal water consumption.
Fig. 7
The voltage recommended for float charge is 2.27 V at Recharge curves at 2.4 volt per cell with different limit of current
20C. The recommended float voltages to maximise the
battery life over the range of temperatures between -20
and +60C are shown in the figure 6.
The normal float current observed in fully charged
FIAMM front terminal batteries at 2.27 VPC and a
temperature of 20C is approximately 0.3 mA/Ah.
Because of the nature of recombination phenomena, the
float current observed in the case of the FIAMM front
terminal batteries is normally higher than that of vented
batteries and is not an indication of the state of charge of
batteries
60 140
50 122
40 104
Temperature [C]
Tempearture [F]
30 86
20 68
10 50
0 32
-10 14
-20 -4
2.19 2.21 2.23 2.25 2.27 2.29 2.31 2.33 2.35
Float Voltage [V/cell]
Fig. 6
Recommended Float Voltage at different temperatures
Boost charge (Recharge following a discharge)

Boost charge has to be used to recharge a battery after a
discharge; it will restore the battery to a fully charged
state within a relatively short period of time. Use a
constant voltage 2.4 V/cell at 20C with a maximum
current of 0.25 C10. However this recharge should be
Page 7 of 7
FIAM
MM Standby Ba
BATTER
RY INSTA
ALLATION
N 11. Insulate all
a the connecctors by meaans of the plastic
covers beiing supplied w with the batterry accessories..
All necessary precaution must
A m be takenn when workking 12. Affix the cell number sstickers to thee cell jars maaking
w lead acidd batteries as per electricall risk, explosiives
with sure that the
t surfaces aare dry and cllean. It is usual to
g
gasses, heavyy componennts, corrosivee liquids. Use U number thhe cells beginnning with #1 at a the positivee end
innsulated tools and wear prootective equipmment. of the batttery, numberring consecutiively in the same s
order as thhe cells are coonnected electrrically, througgh to
the negativve end of the battery.
Installation 13. Check thee total batteryy voltage whicch should com mply
with the tootal number of cell connectted in series.
FIAMM frontt terminal vaalve regulatedd recombinattion
F 14. The cellss are usuallyy designed to o be installedd in
b
batteries can be fitted on staands or into caabinets. FIAMMM vertical poosition, the hoorizontal posittion could in some
s
o
offers a wide selection
s of staands, from onne tier/one row
w to cases streess the cells. Here below w the correct cell
six tiers/three rows, to suitt most appliccations. Cabinnets arrangemeents for large ccapacity AGM M cells.
a available with or witthout circuit breaker and its
are
reelevant compaartment. Examp ple of installattion
and cell
c arrangemment
1. Avoid anyy impact or shock whicch could caause (positiion of + / - polles)
breaking or micro fractuures to contaiiner. Do not lift of AGGM batteries withw
capaciity equal or
cells by its terminals. higherr than 800Ah
2 Make sure that all cell jars and coverrs are thorougghly
2.
clean and dry.
d
3 Synthetic cleaning
3. c clothss must not be used. Clean lids l
and contaiiners only with w antistatic cotton clooths
soaked in a solution of o mild soap and complettely
Batteries installed intoo cabinet
wrung ouut.
4 Should thee terminal possts have a whiite film on theem,
4.
lightly abbrade their contact surffaces, using a For safety reeasons, we w would not reccommend to pre-
Scotchbritee pad or fine grit
g abrasive paper,
p to remoove assemble the blocs into thhe cabinets beefore shipmennt to
any surfacee oxidation. the final Custtomer. Howevver, if this is normal practicee for
5 Do not lift cells by term
5. minals; do not use terminalss as some system makers, we would strong gly recommennd to
point of lift
fting during haandling/installlation process.. pay
p special attention
a to prrotect the batttery system from
f
6 Place the single unitts at their correct posittion
6. mechanical stress and vibrations occurring o duuring
according tot the electricaal layout. transport. Forr this purpose, we would reequire to propperly
7 In order to allow heat diissipation a minimum
7. m distaance fasten all thee blocs to thhe relevant caabinet shelvess by
of 5-10mm m between cells/blocs is reccommended; this t means of plaastic band annd/or other ad dequate methhods.
is normal using FIAM MM standard connectors; for Furthermore, the cabinet should be protected,
p in the
special requuirements please contact FIIAMM . outside, withh shock-absorbing packag ging materiall, in
8 Care must be taken to avoid
8. a short cirrcuiting the cells order to prevvent any trannsmission of vibrations too the
with any off the battery hardware.
h internal compponents such as the batteery blocs. Speecial
9 Start withh the lowestt shelf to ensure
9. e stabillity. precautions
p m
must be takeen to avoid accidental short s
Carefully preserve
p the sequence: poositive, negatiive, circuits (do noot connect all the batteries, divide the batttery
positive, negative
n throoughout the whole batteery. circuit low vooltage parts).
Flexible caable connectoors for conneecting from one o For any furthher informatiion please reffer to EN500272
w be appliedd once that all the
shelf to thee one below, will Standard or coontact FIAMM M at: info.stan
ndby@fiamm.com
blocs havee been conneected (we would w suggestt to
connect succh inter-shelff or inter-row cable connecttors Ripple
at the final Users premises only).
10. To ensure a good eleectrical contaact between the Residual Ac ripple
r is usuallly present in the
t output volltage
bottom of each
e terminal and the connnecting strap and,a of chargers; amplitude
a andd frequency deepends on chaarger
at the samee time, to ensuure that the thhreaded terminnals design and it can affect neggatively the battery
b life. Riipple
are not daamaged by exxcessive torquue, use a torqque could increaase water looss, battery temperature and
spanner sett on the value of: accelerate corrosion with a result to reeduce the batttery
life. It is recoommended theerefore, that voltage
v regulaation
RANG
GE TYPE VALUE
E Nm VALUE Lb
bs across the syystem includiing the load, but withoutt the
battery
b conneected, under steady state conditions, shall s
SLA-UMTB--FIT-FLB M8 Female
F 10
12 88106
be
b better thann 1 throughh 5% to l00% % load. Transsient
SLA
A M10 Female 20
25 17522
20 and other rippple type excuursions can be b accommoddated
FLB
B M6 Female
F 7
9 6280
0 provided
p thatt, with the batttery disconneected but the load
SLA-UM
MTB M8 Male connected, thhe system peak to peak voltage, v including
7
8 6570
0
6 Male
M6
the regulatioon limits, falls within n 2.5% of the
FIT-UM
MTB 5
7 4462
2
recommendedd float voltaage of the baattery. Underr no
circumstances should the current flow wing throughh the
Page 8 off 8
Th
on of FIAMM. FIAMM
s publication.
battery when it is operating under float conditions, Batteries are no more dangerous than any other
reverse into the discharge mode. equipment when handled correctly
Do not allow metal objects to rest on the battery or
Battery room requirements fall across the terminals (even when disconnected, a
battery remain charged!).
The battery room should be dry, well ventilated and Never wear rings or metal wrist bands when working
have its temperature as moderate as the climate will on batteries.
allow, preferably between 10C and 30C. Do not smoke or permit open flames near batteries or
DO NOT permit smoking or the use of open flames do anything to cause sparks.
in the battery room. Do not try to remove the battery cap to add water or
Adequate ventilation to change the air in the battery acid into the cell(s).
room is essential to prevent an accumulation of the Never lift or pull up the battery at the terminals.
gases given off during charge (for further information Air exchange must be provided to prevent the
please refer to VENTILATION paragraph). formation of explosive hydrogen concentration.
The battery will give the best results and life when For further information please refer to EN 50272-2
working in a room temperature of 20C, but will Safety requirements for secondary batteries and
function satisfactorily when operating in temperatures battery installations Part 2: Stationary batteries.
between -20C and +60C. High temperatures
increase the performance, but decrease the life of the
Battery Disposal
cells; low temperatures reduce the performance.
Do not allow direct sunlight to fall on any part of the
battery. Lead acid batteries must be disposed according to the
country law. It is strongly recommended to send batteries
If a rack is not supplied by FIAMM, suitable racks
for recycling to a lead smelter. Please refer to the local
should be provided to support the cells. These should
Standards for any further information, these batteries
be arranged to provide easy access to each cell for
need to be collected separately for wast disposal. As of
inspection, topping up and general maintenance.
the 31st of December 1994, all Valve Regulated Lead
Suitable racks may be made of wood or metal with a
Acid (VRLA) battery has to have the following symbols
coating of acid resistant paint. If metal racks are used,
present in conformance to EG-guideline 93/86/EWG
they must be fitted with rubber or plastic insulators to
prevent the cells coming into contact with the metal.
To facilitate proper battery operation, maintenance,
and care, post a battery data card/ instruction table in
a conspicuous place near the battery to provide the
attendant with service information and data.
SAFETY
Pb
It is recommended that full precautions be taken at all
times when working on batteries. The safety standards SELECTION OF APPLICABLE
of the country of installation must be risk, explosives STANDARDS
gasses, heavy components,
FIAMM Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries
Protective Equipment comply with:
Make sure that the following equipment is available to IEC 60896 Part 21 Stationary lead-acid battery
personnel working with batteries: Valve Regulated Type Methods of tests;
Instructions manual.
Tools with insulated handles. IEC 60896 Part 22 S Stationary lead-acid battery
Fire extinguisher. Valve Regulated Type - Requirements
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) must be worn
(glasses, gloves, aprons etc ... ). To avoid static EN 50272-2 Safety requirements for secondary
electricity when handling batteries, material of batteries and battery installations Part 2: Stationary
clothing, safety boots and gloves are required to have batteries.
a surface resistance o 108 , and an insulation
resistance 105 BS 6290-4 Lead-acid stationary cells and batteries.
First aid equipment must be available. Specification for classifying valve regulated types.
BS 6290-1 Lead-acid stationary cells and batteries.

Safety Precautions Specification for general requirements
Observe the following precautions at all times:
Page 9 of 9
Pilot Cell
MAINTENANCE
For regular monitoring of the battery condition, select one
Battery care or more cells of the battery as a "pilot" cell(s); for
batteries comprising more than 60 cells, select one pilot
GASES GIVEN OFF BY BATTERIES ON CHARGE ARE cell for every 60 cells.
EXPLOSIVE!
DO NOT SMOKE OR PERMIT OPEN FLAMES OR DO Periodic Inspections
ANYTHING TO CAUSE SPARKS NEAR BATTERIES.
Written records must be kept of battery maintenance, so
1. Keep the battery and surroundings clean and dry. that long-term changes in battery condition may be
2. Make sure that bolted connections are properly monitored. The following inspection procedures are
tightened (see table in INSTALLATION paragrapf). recommended:
3. Usually it is not necessary to apply greese on the bolts
and connectors, in any case "No-oxide" grease EVERY SIX MONTHS:
increase the protection against corrosion. Visual inspection on cells/racks ( appearance,
4. Should any corrosion of the connections occur cracks or corrosion signs, electrolyte leakage..),
because of spilled acid, etc., carefully remove check and record the overall float voltage at the
corrosion materials, thoroughly clean and neutralize battery terminals (not at the charger!),
with diluted ammonia or baking soda. measure and record the pilot cell(s) voltage,
5. Keep the battery at the recommended charge voltage
measure and record the pilot cell(s) temperature,
(see CHARGING section).
room ventilation.
6. The room in which the battery is installed should be
well ventilated and its temperature as close as possible
YEARLY:
to 20C.
7. Do not try to open the cover valve. all the controls indicated at six months,
check and record the voltage of all cells,
measure and record the pilot cell(s) temperature,
Cleaning
make sure all connection are torque according to
connection torque table; in case of frequent high
When necessary, batteries could be cleaned using a soft discharge current please consider to check,
dry antistatic cloth or water-moistened soft antistatic cloth clean the cells.
paying attention not to cause any ground faults.
No detergent nor solvent-based cleaning agents nor
abrasive cleaners should be used as they may cause a
permanent damage to the battery plastic container and lid.
Voltage checks
All voltage measurements should be made when the

whole battery has stabilized on floating, at least 7 days
after battery installation or after a discharge/ charge cycle.
To facilitate voltage reading in the correspondence of
each block terminal protection covers are designed with a
safe and proper hole. Measure and record individual
block voltages on float once a year. It is normal to have a
+0.2
spread of block voltages at 20C up to 2.27 /-0.1 V
+0.54
(13.62 /-0.29 for a 12 volt battery) particularly in the
first year of operation. No corrective action is required in
this case. Maintaining a correct battery charging voltage
is extremely important for the reliability and life of the
battery. So it is advisable to carry out a periodical
checking of the overall float voltage to verify any
possible defect of charger or connections.
Cell Appearance
Any cells showing corrosion, container bulging, high

temperature than the other cells, should be regarded as
suspect. Such cells should be carefully examined and,
expert advice should be obtained immediately from
FIAMM.
Page 10 of 10
Please carry out this test only when complete information

BATTERY TEST on the quantity of energy inside the battery is requested.
Take precautions because after this test battery SHOULD
Test must be conducted in accordance with EN 60896- NOT BE ABLE TO SUPPLY ENERGY IN CASE OF
21/22. MAIN FAILURE.
Before any discharging test batteries have to be properly Dummy load is usually necessary to provide the request
prepared with a boost charge (2.4 volt per cell for 24 discharge current. Test is usually carried out to verify the
hours at 20C) to ensure they are in a fully charge battery capacity to a specify end voltage and discharge
condition. In order to take temperature readings of a rate (usually 1, 3 or 10 hours).
battery, one pilot cell or block shall be chosen. The Test must be conducted in accordance with EN 60896-
surface temperature of the container wall centre of each 21/22. Please refer to prescription indicated in the above
pilot cell or block shall be measured immediately prior to standard. Record at regular intervals every half an hour at
the discharge test. The individual readings shall be the beginning, every 10 minutes the last half an hour
between 15C and 30C. The temperature of the selected cell/bloc voltage, battery temperature on pilot cell,
block shall be considered as representative of the average discharge current, total battery voltage (in any case
temperature of the battery. It is desirable that the average voltage reading has to be made at least at 25%, 50% and
cell surface temperature and the ambient temperature fall 80% of the discharge time).
as nearer to the reference temperature of 20C or 25C as
possible. According IEC60896-21 the discharge shall be
In case of batteries having a capacity lower than 80% of terminated when one of the following values tdisch,
the nominal rating it is advisable to replace them within whichever comes first, has been recorded:
12 months
Here below some precaution to be taken: 1. tdisch = the elapsed time of discharge of the string,
Discharge must be stopped at the final discharge with n cells, to a voltage of n x Ufinal (V)
voltage. 2. tdisch = the elapsed time when the first of the unit in
Deeper discharges must not be carried out unless the string reached a voltage of
specifically agreed with FIAMM.
Recharge immediately the battery after each (full or unit voltage
partial) discharge test. Uf 0.2
2
Service/Functional test At the end of discharging test, batteries have to be

recharged immediately.
This is a test of the batterys ability, to satisfy the design
requirements of the system. It means to discharge the The following formula determinates the battery capacity:
battery directly to the load (in this case take precautions
to ensure that a battery failure does not jeopardise other
equipment) or dummy load to simulate a main failure.
(where tdisch is indicated in hours)
1. Record the floating voltage of each cell, as well as the
total system voltage For temperatures different from the nominal (20C) and
2. Check the actual load (A or W), as well as the discharge rates between 3 to 10 hours, the battery
minimum admissible voltage of the system capacity shall be corrected as follows:
3. On FIAMM discharge tables you can approx.
determinate the discharge rate (minutes of discharge) C Where:
Please note that battery performances change C C
1 20 = initial pilot cell
(decrease) with battery age. After switching off the
temperature (C)
rectifier, discharge the battery for a time of 20% of
= 0.006 for tests > 1 hour
that calculated discharge rate
= 0.01 for tests 1 hour
4. During the discharge, record at regular intervals,
cell/block voltage, battery temperature, discharge
Trending battery capacity during years will provide
current, total battery voltage
information in predicting when the battery will no longer
5. For safety reason, during the test assure that the total
meet design requirements.
battery voltage remains above the minimum
depending on discharging rate in order to avoid any
failure to the system (please note that approaching to
the final voltage, the voltage curve decreases rapidly)
6. For particular comments on tests data, please refer to
FIAMM technical offices
Capacity test
Page 11 of 11
UNPACKING Avoid storing of unpacked battery cells on sharp-

edged supports.
Inspection Stacking of pallets is not permitted unless otherwise
specified.
Upon receiving a shipment, of battery cells, it is advisable It is recommended to realize the same storage
to open the shipping containers and carefully check the conditions within a batch, pallet or room.
cells and hardware against the packing list. The contents
of each consignment are carefully inspected by FIAMM Storage time / Temperature
before shipment. Any damage must be reported
immediately to the carrier and the damaged items retained VRLA battery ranges have a shelf life of 6 months at
for inspection by the carrier's representative. a storage temperature of 20C.
The temperature has an impact on the self-discharge
Handling rate of battery cells.
Higher temperatures increase the rate of self discharge
Monolite units are shipped fully charged and must be and therefore storage life is reduced.
treated with care at all times. The product is capable of FIAMM AGM batteries have a self discharge rate of
supplying high short circuit currents, even if the case or 2% per month at 20C and therefore are stored for
lid are damaged. Always lift the individual unit from prolonged periods of time.
underneath, or by the build-in-lifting handles. Never MAXIMUM storage period before refresh at the given
apply force to, or drop anything on, the terminal posts: average storage ambient temperature is as follows :
doing so may damage the threads or the post seals.
6 months at 20C
4 months at 30C
STORAGE 2 months at 40C
Storage prior to installation
Storage / Recharge
VRLA batteries range are delivered activated/filled and
charged ready for installation. If they cannot be installed As during storage batteries will lose part of their
immediately, the following instructions need to be capacity due to self discharge ( 2% per month at
respected. 20C), a refreshing charge must be given :
1) when MAXIMUM STORAGE TIME is reached
Storage Conditions OR
2) when the OCV (open circuit voltage) approaches
A good storage practice requires as follows: 2,11Volts/cell
Battery storage area has to be clean, cool and dry.
Surroundings have to be kept clean. whichever occurs first.
Elevated temperatures, direct and indirect sunshine
have to be avoided. Recharge the cells as directed in FIAMMS instruction
Optimum storage temperature rang is -10C to +30C. table for AGM battery type. (Usually at 2.4 volt per cell
Avoid storage in ambient with a relative humidity for a period of 24 hours at 20C).
greater than 90%.
Battery cells must be protected from harsh weather,
moisture and flooding.
Recharge is
Storage on a pallet wrapped in plastic material is not
necessary
permitted, in principle. However, it is not
recommended in rooms where temperature fluctuates
significantly, or if high relative humidity can cause Refreshing charge
must be applied as
condensation under the plastic cover. soon as possible
With time, this condensation can cause a whitish It is important
hydration on the poles and lead to high self-discharge to avoid this
area
by leakage current.
Atmospheres with chemical contaminants have to
avoid.
Do not load other merchandise on top of unprotected Fig. 6
Storage time versus temperatures.
batteries.
Battery cells must be protected from dropping
objects, from falling down and falling over.
Battery cells must be protected from short-circuits by
metallic parts or conductive contaminations.
Page 12 of 12
FIAM
MM Standby Ba
VENTIL
LATION (inn accordancee with
EN 50272-2)
During normaal operating conditions,

D c leaad acid batterries
e
emits low quanntity of gases which can reeach an explossive
m
mixture whenn hydrogen concentration
c is higher thhan
L
Lower Explosiion Limit (LE EL) threshold which
w is 4%vool.
T purpose of ventilating a battery locattion or enclossure
The
Forced veentilation
b natural or forced
by f (artificcial) ventilatioon is to mainttain
thhe hydrogen concentration
c below the abbove stated limmit.
Where an addequate air fllow Q cannot be obtainedd by
B
Battery locatioons and encloosures are to be b consideredd as
natural
n ventillation and forrced ventilatio
on is applied,, the
safe from explosions, when the concentraation of hydroggen
charger shall be interlockedd with the ven
ntilation system
m or
iss kept below this
t safe limit..
an alarm shalll be actuated to secure the required air flow
T minimum
The m air flow ratte for ventilattion of a batttery
for the mode of charging sselected. The air
a extracted from
f
loocation or coompartment shall s be in accordance
a w
with
the battery rooom shall bee exhausted to o the atmospphere
E
European Stanndard EN 502772 calculated by the follow wing
outside the buuilding.
fo
formula:
Close viciinity to the baattery
Q = 0,05 x N x Igas x Crt x x 10 -3
where:
w In the closee vicinity off the battery the dilutionn of
explosive gasses is not alwaays secured. Therefore
T a saafety
Q = ventilation air flow in m3/h
/
distance extennding throughh air must bee observed within
N = number of cells (each 2 Volt)
V
which sparkking or glow wing devicess (max. surrface
Crt= capacity C10 [Ah] at 1.80 volt/cell. at 200C.
temperature 300
3 C) are prohibited. TheT dispersionn of
explosive gass depends onn the gas releease rate andd the
The current Igas [mA/Ah] prodducing gas as indicated in thhe
T
ventilation cloose to the souurce of releasse. For calculaation
taable of the above mentioned standard con be
b assumed as:
of the safety distance d ffrom the sourrce of releasee the
Igas = 1 For batteries
b on floaat following foormula appliees assuming a hemispheerical
dispersal of gas.
g The safetyy distance d is given from m the
following formmula:
Igas = 5 For batteries
b on booost charge
d = 28 ,8 x 3 N x 3 Igass x 3 C rt
Determinaation of openiings
The amount of
T o ventilation air flow shaall preferably be
e
ensured by natural
n ventillation, otherw
wise by forrced
(aartificial) veentilation. Baattery rooms or enclosuures
reequire an air inlet
i and an air
a outlet with a minimum free
f
a of openingg calculated by
area b the followinng formula:
A = 28 x Q
where N depennds on the numbber of cells perr monoblock baattery
w
with Q = veentilation flow a [ m3/h]
w rate of fresh air (N) or vents oppenings per cell involved (1/N).
A = frree area of openning in air inleet and outlet
[cm2]
For further information pleease refer to EN50272
E
Standard or contact
c FIAMMM at: infostan ndby@fiamm.com
N
Note: For the purpose
p of thiis calculation the
t air velocityy is
assumed too be 0,1 m/s. Note:
N A calcuulation prograam is availablee on request.
The air inlet and outlet shall

T s be locaated at the best
b
p
possible location to create best
b conditionss for exchangee of
a i.e.
air,
openings on opposite walls,

w
minimum m separation distance of 2 m when openinngs
on the sam
me wall.
The following picture gives an indicatioon of the corrrect

T
o
opening to assuure a complete battery
b room air
a exchange
Page 13 of
o 13
Th
on of FIAMM. FIAMM
s publication.

FIAMM Standby Battery Installation Guide

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FIAMM Standby Batteries Installation & Operating Instruction -Technical Manual Edition 06/2013 - EMEA

CONSTRUCTION FEATURES Protective Equipment

COMMISSIONING CHARGE / FIRST

Dry charge cells

Special plasstic terminaal caps aree provided for

Suitable solid connectors 1 are made of tin or lead

Remote Venting System (RVS)

Most of FIAMM AGM batteries are designed with an

4 RVS front side

1 1 5 RVS top side

Front Terminal Connections

Suitable solid connectors made of copper thin or lead 5

OPERATING FEATURES Capacity range of FIAMM AGM Lead Acid

13 The capacity available from a battery, at any

0.8 15 -30 min. discharge rate

Capacity in relation to discharge rate 0.6

The available capacity of all lead acid batteries depend 0.5

on discharge rate (discharge current); this is due to 0.4

Fig. 3: Capacity Correction factor versus temperature for a 10 hours

80 Internal impedance and short circuit current

Service life in each string only cells or monoblocs of the same

Open circuit voltage - State of charge

Open Circuit Voltage [V/cell.]

Fig. 4: Expected service life vs working temperature

State of Charge [%]

Operation of batteries in parallel

When the required capacity exceeds the capacity of a

RECHARGING limited to no more than once per month to ensure the

in float charging throughout all their standby period; 100%

fully recharged soon after a discharge, I=0.15 C10

completely recharged after a discharge. Recharge as

Recharged Capacity [Ah]

soon as possible to ensure maximum protection I=0.10 C10

against subsequent power outages. Early recharge also 60%

Floating charge 20%

Floating battery systems are those where the charger, the 0%

Float Voltage [V/cell]

Boost charge (Recharge following a discharge)

BS 6290-1 Lead-acid stationary cells and batteries.

Observe the following precautions at all times:

All voltage measurements should be made when the

Any cells showing corrosion, container bulging, high

Please carry out this test only when complete information

Service/Functional test At the end of discharging test, batteries have to be

UNPACKING Avoid storing of unpacked battery cells on sharp-

During normaal operating conditions,

The air inlet and outlet shall

openings on opposite walls,

The following picture gives an indicatioon of the corrrect

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