Chapter 2

Functions and Their Graphs

2.5 Graphing Techniques; Transformations
1. horizontal, right 3. 5, 2, and 2

5. False 7. B

9. H 11. I 13. L 15. F

y = (x 4) 3 y = x3 + 4 y = (x ) = x 3
3
17. G 19. 21. 23.

25. y = 4x3

27. (1) y = x + 2 29. (1) y= x

( )
(2) y = x + 2 (2) y = x + 2
(3) y = ( x + 2)= x 2 (3) y = x + 3 + 2

31. c 33. c

f ( x) = x 1 g( x) = x + 1
2 3
35. 37.
Using the graph of y = x 2 , vertically Using the graph of y = x 3 , vertically
shift downward 1 unit. shift upward 1 unit.

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Chapter 2 Functions and Their Graphs

h( x) = x 2 f ( x) = ( x 1) + 2
3
39. 41.
Using the graph of y = x , horizontally Using the graph of y = x 3 , horizontally
shift to the right 2 units. shift to the right 1 unit, then vertically
shift up 2 units.

43. g( x) = 4 x 1 1 1
45. h( x) = =
Using the graph of y = x , vertically 2x 2 x
stretch by a factor of 4. 1
Using the graph of y = , vertically
x
1
compress by a factor of .
2

47. f ( x) = 3 x 49. g( x) = x
Reflect the graph of y = 3
x , about the Reflect the graph of y = x about the
x-axis. y-axis.

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 Section 2.5 Graphing Techniques: Transformations

51. h( x) = x 3 + 2 53. f ( x) = 2( x + 1) 3
2

Reflect the graph of y = x 3 about the Using the graph of y = x 2 , horizontally

x-axis, then shift vertically upward 2 shift to the left 1 unit, vertically stretch
units. by a factor of 2, and vertically shift
downward 3 units.

55. g( x) = x 2 + 1 57. h( x) = x 2
Using the graph of y = x , horizontally Reflect the graph of y = x about the
shift to the right 2 units and vertically y-axis and vertically shift downward 2
shift upward 1 unit. units.

59. f ( x) = ( x +1) 1
3
61. g(x) = 2 1 x = 2 (1 + x ) = 2 x 1
Using the graph of y = x 3 , horizontally Using the graph of y = x , horizontally
shift to the left 1 unit, reflect the graph shift to the right 1 unit, and vertically
about the x-axis, and vertically shift stretch by a factor or 2.
downward 1 unit.

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Chapter 2 Functions and Their Graphs

63. h( x) = 2 int( x 1)
Using the graph of y = int (x) ,
horizontally shift to the right 1 unit, and
vertically stretch by a factor of 2.

65. (a) F(x) = f (x) + 3 (b) G(x) = f (x + 2)

Shift up 3 units. Shift left 2 units.

(c) P(x) = f(x) (d) H(x) = f (x +1) 2

Reflect about the x-axis. Shift left 1 unit and shift down 2
units.

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 Section 2.5 Graphing Techniques: Transformations
1 (f) g(x) = f(x)
(e) Q( x) = f (x)
2 Reflect about the y-axis.
1
Compress vertically by a factor of .
2

(g) h(x) = f(2x)

1
Compress horizontally by a factor of .
2

67. (a) F(x) = f (x) + 3 (b) G(x) = f (x + 2)

Shift up 3 units. Shift left 2 units.

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Chapter 2 Functions and Their Graphs

(c) P(x) = f(x) (d) H(x) = f (x +1) 2

Reflect about the x-axis. Shift left 1 unit and shift down 2
units.

1 (f) g(x) = f(x)

(e) Q( x) = f (x)
2 Reflect about the y-axis.
1
Compress vertically by a factor of .
2

(g) h(x) = f(2x)

1
Compress horizontally by a factor of .
2

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 Section 2.5 Graphing Techniques: Transformations

69. (a) F(x) = f (x) + 3 (b) G(x) = f (x + 2)

Shift up 3 units. Shift left 2 units.

(c) P(x) = f(x) (d) H(x) = f (x +1) 2

Reflect about the x-axis. Shift left 1 unit and shift down 2
units.

1 (f) g(x) = f(x)

(e) Q( x) = f (x)
2 Reflect about the y-axis.
1
Compress vertically by a factor of .
2

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Chapter 2 Functions and Their Graphs

(g) h(x) = f(2x)

1
Compress horizontally by a factor of .
2

71. (a) 10 (b) y = 4 x2

y = x +1 10

10 10
6 6

y = x +1
10
y = 4 x 2 10
(c) y = x +x
3
(d) Any part of the graph of y = f(x) that
10
lies below the x-axis is reflected about
the x-axis to obtain the graph of
3 3 y = f ( x) .

y = x +x
3 10

73. (a) y = f ( x) (b) y = f( x )

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 Section 2.5 Graphing Techniques: Transformations

f ( x) = x + 2x f ( x) = x 8x + 1
2 2
75. 77.
f ( x) = ( x + 2 x +1) 1 f ( x) = (x 2 8x + 16)+ 116
2

f ( x) = ( x +1) 2 1
f ( x) = (x 4) 15
2

Using f ( x) = x 2 , shift left 1 unit and shift

down 1 unit. Using f ( x) = x 2 , shift right 4 units and
shift down 15 units.

f ( x) = x + x + 1 y = ( x c)
2 2
79. 81.
1 1 If c = 0, y = x 2.
f ( x) = x 2 + x + +1
4 4 If c = 3, y = ( x 3)2 ; shift right 3 units .
1
2
3 If c = 2, y = ( x + 2)2; shift left 2 units .
f ( x) = x + +
2 4
1
Using f ( x) = x 2 , shift left unit and
2
3
shift up unit.
4

9 9
83. F = C + 32 F = (K 273) + 32
5 5

Shift the graph 273 units to the right.

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Chapter 2 Functions and Their Graphs

85. (a)

(b) Select the 10% tax since the profits are higher.
(c) The graph of Y1 is obtained by shifting the graph of p(x) vertically down 10,000
units. The graph of Y2 is obtained by multiplying the y-coordinate of the graph of
p(x) by 0.9. Thus, Y2 is the graph of p(x) vertically compressed by a factor of 0.9.
(d) Select the 10% tax since the graph of Y1 = 0.9 p(x) Y2 = 0.05x 2 +100 x 6800
for all x in the domain.

72