Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The shift toward improving the energy efficiency and sustain- significant airborne path from the outside to inside, the sound trans-
ability of buildings has often resulted in HVAC equipment being mission loss (TL, STC and OITC) is also part of the product rating.
located closer to the occupants, where sound from the equipment Table 1 also shows the required sound data that are reported
is now critical to the success of the building design. To assist for the product rating. Typically the octave-band sound power
designers, the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration levels from 63 Hz to 8000 Hz are required. Smaller equipment
Institute (AHRI) publishes standards on equipment sound mea- such as unitary outdoor condensers and VAV terminal units are
surement and rating. These standards provide a level playing only rated from 125 Hz and up. For some products, the overall
field for HVAC equipment manufacturers to rate their products, A-weighted sound power levels are required. These products are
yet these standards are seldom referenced correctly, if at all, in usually located outdoor or very near the occupant, where distance
project specifications. This article provides an overview of AHRI attenuation applies.
standards related to sound, including methods of test, product AHRI Standard 575 is the only standard that reports sound
ratings and applying these ratings to predicting sound in the pressure levels. This standard was originally written to define a
built environment. method of measuring the sound pressure level in equipment rooms,
where the risk of hearing loss was the primary concern. Over time,
The past two decades have seen a strong emphasis toward im- this standard became the de facto standard for rating water-cooled
proving the energy efficiency and sustainability of buildings. This chiller sound. This may change soon, since AHRI is working on a
shift in building design has created a renewed interest in building sound power standard for water-cooled equipment (AHRI 1280)
occupant comfort and performance, particularly as it relates to that is covered in more detail in another NC14 paper.4 AHRI 575
indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors such as acoustics.1,2 is a useful tool for measuring noise in the field and will remain in
To meet new building energy and sustainability requirements, the AHRI portfolio of standards.
HVAC equipment is being located closer to the building occupants, An important part of AHRI ratings standards is the requirements
and the sound from this equipment is now critical to the success for operating the unit during test. The determination and stability
of new building designs. Now, more than ever, there is a need to of the operating point can be a significant cause of variability in
understand how to measure, rate, specify and apply sound data sound test data between laboratories.5 In general, catalog sound
from HVAC equipment. ratings are required at the standard thermal rating conditions for
The Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute the type of equipment. Some standards, however, such as AHRI
(AHRI) publishes standards related to HVAC equipment sound. The 260, require that the full operating map be tested. Most standards
AHRI Technical Committee on Sound (TCoS) has the responsibil- permit application ratings to be published, and manufacturers often
ity for all sound-related standards, and each standard requires a provide these ratings in computer selection programs. Custom-
two-thirds majority approval at all stages of development. These ers will sometimes require units be tested at specific application
standards are available at no cost from the AHRI website.3 Many conditions as part of a sales order.
of these standards are also approved ANSI standards. AHRI sound One major HVAC product is missing from the list in Table 1, vari-
standards come in three basic types: able refrigerant flow (VRF). These systems mix and match several
Rating standards for various types of equipment types of outside condensing units with several types of indoor
Methods of test that are referenced by the rating standards evaporator units, which are typically ductless. These systems are
Application standards. pervasive in Asia and South America, and are now becoming more
prevalent in North America. At present the only published data
Rating Standards are based on a Japanese test method, JIS B8616. The results are
An overview of AHRI rating standards by type of equipment is presented as A-weighted or octave-band sound pressure levels at
shown in Table 1. Rating standards cover the scope of equipment a distance from the unit. Other than fan speeds, little information
and requirements for the test setup, test operating conditions and is provided on operating conditions. This product may be covered
reporting requirements of HAVC equipment. by AHRI sound standards in the future.
AHRI Standard 270 applies to outdoor sections of air-condition- One final note, VAV terminal units are the only products that
ing and heat-pump unitary equipment less than 40 kW capacity (11
tons). AHRI Standard 370 applies to outdoor air-cooled portions Table 1. AHRI equipment sound rating standards.
of large commercial air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment AHRI RATING STANDARD
greater than 40 kW capacity. EQUIPMENT TYPE 260 270 300 350 370 575 880
Air-Handling Units, Fan Coils, etc.
AHRI Standard 260 applies to any equipment that has a duct
Water-Cooled Chillers*
connection, from large air-handlers to small fan coils. Ducted Air-Cooled Chillers
packaged equipment includes outdoor rooftop units and indoor Air-Terminal Devices
air-conditioning units. Rooftops are an example of equipment that Outdoor Condensing Units
might be rated according to two standards the air-handler sec- Water-Source Heat Pumps
tion would be rated to 260, while the outdoor condensing section Ducted Packaged Equipment
Indoor
would be rated to either 270 or 370.
Outdoor
AHRI Standard 350 covers all equipment that operates at free
PTAC/PTHP
inlet and outlet conditions (ductless), such as unit ventilators and OCTAVE-BAND SOUND POWER
vertical fan coils. Lw (63 - 8000 Hz)
AHRI 880 applies to variable air volume (VAV) terminal units, Lw (125 - 8000 Hz)
single-ducted and fan-powered. Lw (125 - 4000 Hz)
Standard 300 applies to packaged terminal air conditioning LwA
(PTAC) and heat pump (PTHP) equipment that is mounted through TL, STC and OITC
the wall, typically found in motel rooms. Because they also have a OCTAVE-BAND SOUND PRESSURE
Lp (63 - 8000 Hz)
LpA
Based on a paper presented at Noise-Con 2014, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Sep-
tember 2014. *AHRI Standard 575 is not a rating standard, but it is used like one.