IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 09 | March 2017

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Micro-Simulation Study on Pedestrian Flow at

Railway Station
Prafulla Patange Vinay Bhakhtyapuri
M. Tech Scholar Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur

Abstract
An enormous growth has been observed in number of passengers using railway transportation due to day to day urbanization. It
results into increase in number of passenger using railway station platform; usually this users are defined as pedestrian flow at
platform. During arrivals and departure of trains at urban travel station, there is very high congestion due to pedestrian flow.
Pedestrian flow goes to peak level with quick variation and brings about movement of pedestrian streams and may prompt to
risky pedestrian facility. The analysis of this pedestrian flow in some circumstances in point of the gravity of situation turning
unfavorable, subsequently for the proficiency layout and also compelling operations, modeling of pedestrian flow for such
condition is important to increase pedestrian level of service. Simulation model of pedestrian network at Nagpur railway station
was developed with the help of PTV Vissim 9 and analysis was carried out. The results show that difference between field study
and simulation study is 15% and 10% on passageway and ramp respectively.
Keywords: Pedestrian Flow, Pedestrian Facility, Arrival of Trains, Simulation Model, Railway Station
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION

In India, transportation web consists of four major modes of transportations such as roadway, railways, waterways and airways,
out of those Airways and Waterways are developed mode and Roadways and Railways are in developing conditions.
Considering environmental aspect; use of non-motorized mode transport i.e. walking, cycling & public transport plays important
role in transportation system to reduce traffic congestion and accidents occurrences on road. Walking indirectly helps to reduce
gas emission (pollution) which depends on changing of climate, global warming & poor air quality. Pedestrian flow generally
interactive with pedestrian and other facilities, so, it required well-planned/systematically should be done. It can be accomplished
by executing system of pedestrian flow. The research can performed by solving different problems comes in under pedestrian
behaviour and pedestrian accumulation. Now-a-days simulation study is extremely fundamental of pedestrian movement
investigation in purpose of planning and outlines of open transport and also in private zone. Simulation tools beneficially at
shows vantage in conditions like heterogeneous traffic such as public transport (railway stations or bus stand), sports stadium,
entertainment cinemas halls, market places and different areas. Simulation model can be designed by three steps like basic
information of model for layouts drawing plans and O-D matrices of pedestrian trips, dynamic modeling for data standardization
and determination, and analysis phase simulation run show in 2D and 3D views and output gives in form of graphs, diagrams or
charts etc.
The microscopic software considers all characteristics as we depends and provides appropriate results in designing/planning of
new facility. Open transportation frameworks, generally passengers/pedestrian walks in horizontally, vertically or inclined
direction on different infrastructure such as platform, ramps, escalators, elevators, stairways and passageways useful for to reach
pedestrian on departure point. If we focus on vertical or inclined infrastructures, many conjunction or queue formed due to heavy
pedestrian traffic. So, it required to give sufficient infrastructure like perfect location of starting inclination, proper layouts or
plans for planning or designing phases. The research work we will be done in two phases. In the first phase, we study on walking
behavior of pedestrian with refers to different speeds and densities by using video-graphic camera which helps to plotting graphs
for analysis of real-time pedestrian traffics in public transportation infrastructures. In second phase, by creating smaller scale
reproduction display by utilizing smaller scales recreation programming i.e. PTV VISSIM. To get appropriate result we will
observe on field study are analysis using simulation model. There are many simulation tools softwares are developed for making
models namely as Viswalk, Simwalk, Vissim, PedFlow, Simwalk Pro, NOMAD Model, LEGION, STEPS etc.

II. LITERATURE SERVEY

Lam et, al.(2000) Considered on conduct of walker stream in various areas in Hong Kong during rush hour time. Research
focused on facility of escalator and stairs in MTR station and LTR station. During research work method is adopted by time
lapse photographic method for calculating travel time function, similarly SPSS is also adopted for standardization. Creators
derived connection between moving rate and their ability of walker facility checked in Hong Kong and London railway station.
He was conclude that capacity of MTR station in escalator and stairs having both direction of ascending and descending order is

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 Micro-Simulation Study on Pedestrian Flow at Railway Station
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higher than as compared to LR station. It was also showed that in MTR station pedestrian walk quicker than KCR station.
Hermant el, at.(2010) Derived classification of stations organized by utilizing pedestrian travel simulation model. Now a day
pedestrian convenience property, pedestrian position on moving times impact of walker on railway station arrangements can be
done by recreation show. This research work site is selected at several railway stations in South Africa country. Author mainly
focused on two parameters of pedestrian such as Age and gender. Method is adopted by vissim software for analyzing micro-
simulation outputs of velocity, flow rate of pedestrian and thickness in given time interim for that chose zones. Author shows
that microscopic simulation gives helpful for modeling fundamental interactions between inconsistent of pedestrian flow pattern.
Shaha et, al. (2013) Examined on conduct of walker stream on stairways of various measurements. Creators mostly centered on
pedestrian streams, baggage and entries of prepare. Study is carried out at Vadodara railway station, India. On that railway
station facility is selected on four different stairways with connected to their respective platforms. Analysis of data is done for
different parameters such as movement of arrivals of train & pedestrian flow with respect to arrivals of trains. Presenting
distinctive relations, for example, Speed-stream, speed-thickness and stream thickness and concluded that; at afternoon time
pedestrian walks faster than evening time and pedestrian walking with luggage is normal speed of walkers. Brahmbhatt et, al.
(2015) Examine on estimation of walker stream with chose parameters. Think about zone is chosen at Dakor, situated in dist.
Kheda, Gujarat. For this study firstly indentifying peak hour for pedestrian flow then secondly analyzing the pedestrian space,
speed, low & density in peak period after lastly they was check benefit level for person on foot gathering as direction by roadway
limit manual 2000. For information gathering period essential information is taken from video recording position during 8.10am
to 12.16pm & after secondary data collected as general details & AutoCAD drawing map of Dakor town form Dakor
Nagarpalika. Result was compared with both national & international standards of level of service & found that Level of service
is E. Shah el, al. (2015) Understand the commuter flow behavior on stairways. Authors mainly focused on movement of
pedestrian traffic on stairways during peak time. This review is investigation utilizing key relations of speed, stream and
thickness. Amid this exploration, is directed at Dadar railway station, Mumbai as a review range. Study area is fully busy during
morning & evening time. Video-graphical strategy is embraced for information accumulation for development of pedestrian
volume similarly; geometric dimension is also note down. Authors conclude that, 0.45 ped/m 2 is free walking speed, 0.45
ped/m2 to 4.0 ped/m2 is speed decrease with increase density & 4.0 ped/m2 to 4.5 ped/m2 is speed becomes constant of
pedestrians.

III. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION

Site Selection
Nagpur is the one of the largest city and second capital of Maharashtra state in India. It is located center of country, so all trains
travelling from four directions crosses Nagpur railway station. It has almost 244 passenger trains arrivals and departure in one
day and over 106000 pedestrians arrivals or boarding on that station. So we can say that this railway stations is biggest and
busiest one of the railway station in India. Mainly data collection is done by primary method such as manual dimension and
video-graphic technique.

Nagpur Railway Station

Fig. 1: Pictorial view of Nagpur railway Station

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 Micro-Simulation Study on Pedestrian Flow at Railway Station
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Table 1
Manual Dimensions for Selected Facility
Facility Description Nagpur Station
Length (m) 25
Passageway Width (m) 2.5
Total Length (m) 16
Inclined Trap length (m) 22
Ramp Width(m) 2.25
Slope (Degree) 30
Data was extracted to get the pedestrian flow rate, density and walking speed values. Firstly Pedestrian flow calculated by
number of pedestrian crossing selected line of sight over the width of pedestrian passageway in 6o second interval was counted.
Now to compute of pedestrian density, the number of passengers counted by five instants during 60 seconds recorded and that
arithmetic mean of five numbers gives value of pedestrian presented in observed area. Finally speed is calculated by space mean
speed type, all the types of pedestrian crosses the lines must be counted. Pedestrian speed was calculated watched length of the
facility partitioned by the normal travel time, communicated as meter per second (m/s) or meter per min.

Arrival Rate of Pedestrians

Fig. 2: Pedestrian Flow during Peak Hour

Normally, all reaching passengers are in hurry to leave the station. Be that as it may, pedestrians carry with luggage and different
in age are directly affected to walking speed. In the present review, flow was observed in peak hour timing for consequent to
arrivals of train. Flow counted by one minute interval divided by width of facility gets pedestrian volume in Ped/min/m as shown
in fig. 2. The network model of pedestrian facility like passageway and ramp requires pedestrian flow for analysis, following
table shows the data input done in the software.
Table 2
Data Required for Micro-Simulation
Facility Flow (ped/hr) Speed (km/hr)
Passageway 2379 1.05
Ramp 1922 2.92

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 Micro-Simulation Study on Pedestrian Flow at Railway Station
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Fig. 3: Relative Flow of Pedestrians

There are three different types of pedestrian consider for research work such as male, female and child. Majority of male
pedestrian are more as compare to other pedestrians, the above chart provides information about the same.

Pedestrian Simulation Software

Planung Transport Verkehr is germane company organized different softwares, for examples Vissim, Visum, Viswalk etc. Ptv
Vissim software gift us to done micro-simulation and of all the pedestrian and vehicles as individually. Vissim has many
outcomes gives us like Area optimization, pedestrian behaviour, extraction and analysis, outline and optimize mass event,
routing path etc can be easily done.

Passageway

Ramp No. 2

Ramp No. 1

Fig. 4: Network Model in Vissim Software

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Table 3
Comparison of field study with simulation study of passageway
Parameter Speed (km/hr) Density (ped/m2)
Field Study 1.05 0.81
Simulation Study 1.33 0.58

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 Micro-Simulation Study on Pedestrian Flow at Railway Station
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Fig. 5: Evaluation Graph of Passageway

The passageway of the study area is analysed by five different simulation run of same input in PTV Vissim with random seed
42,43,44,45 and 46 respectively this is represented on X-axis and the evaluated speed and density are shown on Y-axis in
Comparison with different simulation run. The graph represent that when density decreases; speed increases.
Table 4
Comparison of Field study with Simulation Study of Ramp
Parameter Speed Density
Field Study 2.92 0.86
Simulation Study 2.56 1.2

Fig. 6: Evaluation Graph of Ramp 1 and Ramp 2

The ramp is analyzed as that of passageway y with five different simulations run and there results are presented in graphical
format as Fig. 6.

V. CONCLUSION

Micro-simulation gives information about pedestrian interactions with conflicting pedestrian flows and difference between field
study and simulation study is 15% and 10% on passageway and ramp respectively. Pedestrian density increases at ramp no.1 due
to high volume of pedestrians presented at platform no.1 so, our recommendation is to provide separate entry and exit ramp form
platform no.1.Based on analysis, pedestrian walking on passageway is average speed of pedestrian flow. The study can be future
explore by simulation done by different pedestrian characteristics like walking behaviour and capacity estimation for different
sizes of passageway and ramp.

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REFERENCES
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Railway Stations in South Africa. Southern African Transport Conference, 978-1-920017-47-7.
[3] Shaha, J., Joshib, G. J. and Paridac, P. (2013), Behavioral Characteristics of Pedestrian Flow on Stairway at Railway Station. Procedia - Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 104 (2013) 688 697.
[4] Brahmbhatt C., Zala L.B., and Advani M. (2015), Measurement of Pedestrian Flow Parameters Case study of Dakor, Gujarat. International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology, p-ISSN: 2395-0072.
[5] Shah J., Joshi G., Parida P., and Arkatkar S. (2015), Analysis of Commuter Flow Behaviour on Stairways at Metropolitan Transit Station in Mumbai,
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