Molympiad - ML Inequalities 2016

MOlympiad Collection of Mathematical Competitions
AoPS The Art of Problem Solving Community
Inequalities From 2016 Mathematical Competition

Over The World
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Abstract MOLYMPIAD collects all inequalities from 2016 mathematical com-

petition over the world. For the solution to each problem, we refer to a topic
on AoPS. This product is created for educational purpose. Please dont use
it for any commecial purpose unless you got the right of the author. Please
contact www.molympiad.ml for more details.
Problem 1 (All Russian Olympiad 2016, grade 9, P8)
Let a, b, c, d be positive a + b + c + d = 3. Prove that
1 1 1 1 1
+ 2+ 2+ 2 2 2 2 2
a2 b c d a b c d
Proof https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1236063p6282109
Problem 2 (All Russian Olympiad 2016, grade 11, P7)

Let a, b, c, d be positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 3. Prove
that
1 1 1 1 1
+ 3+ 3+ 3 3 3 3 3
a3 b c d a b c d
Problem 3 (Azerbaijan BMO TST)

Let a, b, c be non-negative real numbers. Prove that

3 a2 + b2 + c2 (a + b + c)

ab + bc + ca +
2 2 2
+ (a b) + (b c) + (c a)
2
(a + b + c)
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Collection of Mathematical Competitions from Around the World
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Problem 4 (Azerbaijan Junior Mathematical Olympiad)

Let x, y, z be real numbers. Prove that

r r r
1 1 1
x + 2 + y + 2 + z2 + 2 3 2
2 2
y z x
Problem 5 (Chinese Girls Mathematical Olympiad)

Let n is a positive integers, a1 , a2 , , an {0, 1, , n}. For the inte-
ger j (1 j n), define bj is the number of elements in the set {i|i
{1, , n}, ai j}. For example, when n = 3, if a1 = 1, a2 = 2, a3 = 1, then
b1 = 3, b2 = 1, b3 = 0.
a) Prove that
Xn X n
2
(i + ai ) (i + bi )2 .
i=1 i=1
b) Prove that
n
X n
X
(i + ai )k (i + bi )k ,
i=1 i=1
for the integer k 3.
Problem 6 (China Mathematical Olympiad)

Let a1 , a2 , , a31 ; b1 , b2 , , b31 be positive integers such that a1 <
a2 < < a31 2015, b1 < b2 < < b31 2015 and a1 + a2 + + a31 =
b1 + b2 + + b31 . Find the maximum value of
S = |a1 b1 | + |a2 b2 | + + |a31 b31 |.
Problem 7 (China Second Round Olympiad)

Let a1 , a2 , . . . , a2016 be reals such that 9ai > 11a2i+1 (i = 1, 2, . . . , 2015),
find the maximum value of
(a1 a22 )(a2 a23 ) . . . (a2015 a22016 )(a2016 a21 )
Inequalities From 2016 Mathematical Competition Over The World 3
Problem 8 (China Team Selection Test)

Find the smallest positive number , such that for any complex numbers
z1 , z2 , z3 {z C |z| < 1}, if z1 + z2 + z3 = 0, then
2 2
|z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 | + |z1 z2 z3 | < .
Problem 9 (China Team Selection Test)

Let n > 1 be an integer, 0 < < 2, a1 , a2 , a3 , , an ; c1 , c2 , c3 , , cn be
positive real numbers, for y > 0,
21 ! 1
X X
f (y) = ci a2i + ci a
i
ai y ai >y
Prove that if x be positive real number such that x f (y), for one positive
1
real number y, then f (x) 8 x.
Problem 10 (China Western Mathematical Olympiad)

k
P
Let a1 , a2 , . . . , an be non-negative real numbers, Sk = ai with 1 k
i=1
n. Prove that
n
X n
X n
X 2
ai Si a2j (ai Si )
i=1 j=i i=1
Problem 11 (Croatia Team Selection Test)

Let n 1 and x1 , . . . , xn 0. Prove that
x2 xn (n + 1)2 2
x1 + + ... + (x1 + 2x2 + . . . + nxn ) (x1 + x2 + . . . + xn )
2 n 4n
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Problem 12 (EGMO)
Let n be an odd positive integer, and let x1 , x2 , , xn be non-negative
real numbers. Show that
min x2i + x2i+1 max (2xj xj+1 )

i=1,...,n j=1,...,n
where xn+1 = x1 .
Problem 13 (EGMO TST Turkey)

Prove that
x4 y + y 4 z + z 4 x + xyz x3 + y 3 + z 3 (x + y + z) (3xyz 1)

for all positive real numbers x, y, z.
Problem 14 (Germany National Olympiad 4th Round)

Let
f (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 , x6 , x7 ) =x1 x2 x4 + x2 x3 x5 + x3 x4 x6 +
+ x4 x5 x7 + x5 x6 x1 + x6 x7 x2 + x7 x1 x3
be defined for non-negative real numbers x1 , x2 , . . . , x7 with sum 1. Prove that

f (x1 , x2 , . . . , x7 ) has a maximum value and find that value.
Problem 15 (Korea National Olympiad Final Round)

If x, y, z satisfies x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, find the maximum possible value of
x2 yz y 2 zx z 2 xy

Problem 16 (Hong Kong Team Selection Test)

Let a, b, c be positive real numbers satisfying abc = 1. Determine the small-
est possible value of
a3 + 8 b3 + 8 c3 + 8
+ 3 + 3
a3 (b+ c) b (a + c) c (b + a)
Problem 17 (IMC)
Let n be a positive integer. Also let a1 , a2 , . . . , an , b1 , b2 , . . . , bn be real
numbers such that ai + bi > 0 for i = 1, 2, . . . , n. Prove that
n n n
!2
X X X
n
ai bi bi
X ai bi b2i i=1 i=1 i=1
n
i=1
ai + bi X
(ai + bi )
i=1
Problem 18 (IMC)

X xn
Let (x1 , x2 , . . .) be a sequence of positive real numbers satisfying = 1.
n=1
2n 1
Prove that
Xk
X xn
2.
n=1
k2
k=1
Problem 19 (India International Mathematical Olympiad Training

Camp)
Let a, b, c, d be real numbers satisfying |a|, |b|, |c|, |d| > 1 and abc + abd +
acd + bcd + a + b + c + d = 0. Prove that
1 1 1 1
+ + + >0
a1 b1 c1 d1
Problem 20 (India International Mathematical Olympiad Training

Camp)
Suppose that a sequence a1 , a2 , . . . of positive real numbers satisfies
kak
ak+1
a2k + (k 1)
for every positive integer k. Prove that a1 + a2 + . . . + an n for every n 2.
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Problem 21 (India Regional Mathematical Olympiad)

Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 3. Determine, with
certainty, the largest possible value of the expression
a b c
+ 3 + 3
a3 + b + c b + c + a c + a2 + b
2 2

Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that
a b c
+ + = 1.
1+a 1+b 1+c
Prove that abc 18 .

Let x, y, z be non-negative real numbers such that xyz = 1. Prove that
(x3 + 2y)(y 3 + 2z)(z 3 + 2x) 27.

Let a, b, c be three distinct positive real numbers such that abc = 1. Prove
that
a3 b3 c3
+ + 3
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b)
Problem 25 (India National Math Olympiad 3rd Round)

Let a, b, c R+ and abc = 1. Prove that
a+b b+c c+a 2
2
+ 2
+ 2

(a + b + 1) (b + c + 1) (c + a + 1) a+b+c
Problem 26 (International Zhautykov Olympiad)

Let a1 , a2 , ..., a100 are permutation of 1, 2, ..., 100.
S1 = a1 , S2 = a1 + a2 , ..., S100 = a1 + a2 + ... + a100
Find the maximum number of perfect squares from Si
Problem 27 (Iran TST) Let a, b, c, d be positive real numbers such that

1 1 1 1
+ + + = 2.
a+1 b+1 c+1 d+1
Prove that
r r r r
a2 + 1 b2 + 1 c2 + 1 d2 + 1
+ + +
2
2

2 2
3 a+ b+ c+ d 8
Problem 28 (Iran TST ) Suppose that a sequence a1 , a2 , . . . of positive real

numbers satisfies
kak
ak+1 2
ak + (k 1)
Problem 29 (Iran MO 3rd Round) Let a, b, c R+ and abc = 1 prove

that
a+b b+c c+a 2
+ +
(a + b + 1)2 (b + c + 1)2 (c + a + 1)2 a+b+c
Problem 30 (Israel Team Selection Test) Let a, b, c be positive numbers

satisfying ab + bc + ca + 2abc = 1. Prove that 4a + b + c 2.
Problem 31 (Japan Mathematical Olympiad Preliminary) Let a, b, c, d

be real numbers satisfying the system of equation
(a + b)(c + d) = 2(a + c)(b + d) = 3(a + d)(b + c) = 4.
Find the minimum value of a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 .
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Problem 32 (Team Selection Test for JBMO - Turkey) Prove that

(x4 + y)(y 4 + z)(z 4 + x) (x + y 2 )(y + z 2 )(z + x2 )
for all positive real numbers x, y, z satisfying xyz 1.
Problem 33 (Junior Balkan MO) Let a, b, c be positive real numbers.

Prove that
8 8 8
+ + + a2 + b2 + c2
(a + b)2
+ 4abc (b + + 4abc c)2 (a + c)2 + 4abc
8 8 8
+ +
a+3 b+3 c+3
Problem 34 (Junior Balkan Team Selection Test) Let a, b, c R+ ,

prove that
2a 2b 2c p
+ + 3(a + b + c)
3a + b 3b + c 3c + a
Problem 35 (Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania) Let

a, b, c > 0 and abc 1. Prove that
1 1 1 1
+ +
a3 + 2b3 + 6 b3 + 2c3 + 6 c3 + 2a3 + 6 3
Problem 36 (Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania)

Let a, b, c be real numbers such that a b 1 c 0 and a + b + c = 3.
a) Prove that 2 ab + bc + ca 3
b) Prove that
24 25
3 3 3
+ 14
a +b +c ab + bc + ca
Problem 37 (Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania)

Let m, n are positive intergers and x, y, z positive real numbers such that
0 x, y, z 1. Let m + n = p. Prove that:
0 xp + y p + z p xm y n y m z n z m xn 1
Problem 38 (Korea Winter Program Practice Test)

Let x, y, z 0 be real numbers such that
(x + y 1)2 + (y + z 1)2 + (z + x 1)2 = 27.
Find the maximum and minimum of x4 + y 4 + z 4
Problem 39 (Korea Winter Program Practice Test) Pn

PnLet ai , bi (1 i n, n 2) be positive real numbers such that i=1 ai =
i=1 bi . Prove that
n
X (ai+1 + bi+1 )2 1
2
Pn
i=1
n(ai bi ) + 4(n 1) j=1 aj bj n1
Problem 40 (Kosovo National Mathematical Olympiad)

If a, b, c are sides of right triangle with c hypothenuse then show that for
every positive integer n > 2 we have cn > an + bn .
Problem 41 (Kosovo National Mathematical Olympiad)

If is an acute angle and a, b 0 then show that:

b a
a+ b+ a2 + b2 + 3ab
sin cos
Problem 42 (Latvia National Olympiad)

Assume that real numbers x, y and z satisfy x + y + z = 3. Prove that
xy + xz + yz 3.
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Problem 43 (Macedonian National Olympiad)

Let n 3 and a1 , a2 , ..., an R+ , such that
1 1 1
+ + ... + = 1.
1 + a41 1 + a42 1 + a4n
n
Prove that a1 a2 ...an (n 1) 4
Problem 44 (Mediterranean Mathematics Olympiad)

Let a, b, c be positive real numbers with a + b + c = 3. Prove that
r r r r
b c a 34 1
+ +
a2 + 3 b2 + 3 c2 + 3 2 abc
Problem 45 (Middle European Mathematical Olympiad)

Let n 2 be an integer, and let x1 , x2 , . . . , xn be reals for which
(a) xj > 1 for j = 1, 2, . . . , n and
(b) x1 + x2 + . . . + xn = n.
Prove that
n n
X 1 X xj

j=1
1 + xj j=1
1 + x2j
Problem 46 (Pan-African Mathematical Olympiad)

Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that xyz = 1. Prove that
1 1 1 1
+ +
(x + 1)2 2 2 2 2 2
+ y + 1 (y + 1) + z + 1 (z + 1) + x + 1 2
Problem 47 ( Philippines Mathematical Olympiad)

Let n be any positive integer. Prove that
n
X 1 2
>2
i=1
(i2 + i)3/4 n+1
Problem 48 (Romanian Masters in Mathematic)

Let x and y be positive real numbers such that: x + y 2016 1. Prove that
1
x2016 + y > 1 .
100
Problem 49 (San Diego Math Olympiad)

Let u, v, w be positive real numbers such that u vw + v wu + w uv 1.
Find the smallest value of u + v + w.
Problem 50 (Selection round of Kiev team to UMO)

Let a, b, c > 0 such that a + b + c = 3, prove that
a2 b2 c2 3
+ +
a + b2 b + c2 c + a2 2
Problem 51 (Selection round of Kiev team to UMO)

Let be positive real numbers x, y, z. Prove that
x2 y2 z2 (x + y + z)3
+ +
xy + z yz + x xz + y 3(x2 (y + 1) + y 2 (z + 1) + z 2 (x + 1)
Problem 52 (South East Mathematical Olympiad)

Let n be positive integer, x1 , x2 , , xn be positive real numbers such that
x1 x2 xn = 1 . Prove that
n
n + 1
X q
xi x21 + x22 + x2i n
i=1
2
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Problem 53 (Spain Mathematical Olympiad)

Let n 2 an integer. Find the least value of such that for any positive
real numbers x1 , x2 , . . ., xn with x1 + x2 + ... + xn = 1 and y1 + y2 + ... + yn = 1
with 0 y1 , y2 , ..., yn 12 the following inequality holds
x1 x2 ...xn (x1 y1 + x2 y2 + ... + xn yn )
Problem 54 ( Taiwan TST 1st Round)

Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 6= 0.
Find the minimum of

1 1 1
(a + b + c)2016 + +
a2016 + b2016 b2016 + c2016 c2016 + a2016
Problem 55 ( Taiwan TST 2nd Round)

Let x, y > 0 such that x + y = 1. Prove that

x y x y
+ 2 +
x2 + y 3 x3 + y 2 x + y2 x2 + y
Problem 56 ( Taiwan TST 2nd Round)

Suppose that a sequence a1 , a2 , . . . of positive real numbers satisfies
kak
ak+1
a2k + (k 1)
Problem 57 (Taiwan TST 3rd Round)

Let x, y, z > 0 such that x + y + z = 1. Find the smallest k such that
x2 y 2 y2 z2 z 2 x2
+ + k 3xyz
1z 1x 1y
Problem 58 (Turkey EGMO TST)

For all x, y, z > 0. Prove that
x4 y + y 4 z + z 4 x + xyz x3 + y 3 + z 3 (x + y + z)(3xyz 1)

Problem 59 (Turkey Team Selection Test)

Let a, b, c 0 such that a2 + b2 + c2 3. Prove that
(a + b + c)(a + b + c abc) 2 a2 b + b2 c + c2 a

Problem 60 (Turkmenistan Regional Math Olympia)

If a, b, c are triangle sides. Prove that
r r r
a b c
+ + 3
a + b + c b + c + a c + a + b
Problem 61 (VJIMC)
Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 1. Show that

1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + 1728
a bc b ca c ab

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MOlympiad Collection of Mathematical Competitions

AoPS The Art of Problem Solving Community

Inequalities From 2016 Mathematical Competition

Abstract MOLYMPIAD collects all inequalities from 2016 mathematical com-

Problem 2 (All Russian Olympiad 2016, grade 11, P7)

Problem 3 (Azerbaijan BMO TST)

Problem 4 (Azerbaijan Junior Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 5 (Chinese Girls Mathematical Olympiad)

for the integer k 3.

Problem 6 (China Mathematical Olympiad)

S = |a1 b1 | + |a2 b2 | + + |a31 b31 |.

Problem 7 (China Second Round Olympiad)

(a1 a22 )(a2 a23 ) . . . (a2015 a22016 )(a2016 a21 )

Problem 8 (China Team Selection Test)

Problem 9 (China Team Selection Test)

Problem 10 (China Western Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 11 (Croatia Team Selection Test)

min x2i + x2i+1 max (2xj xj+1 )

Problem 13 (EGMO TST Turkey)

for all positive real numbers x, y, z.

Problem 14 (Germany National Olympiad 4th Round)

be defined for non-negative real numbers x1 , x2 , . . . , x7 with sum 1. Prove that

Problem 15 (Korea National Olympiad Final Round)

Problem 16 (Hong Kong Team Selection Test)

Problem 19 (India International Mathematical Olympiad Training

Problem 20 (India International Mathematical Olympiad Training

Problem 21 (India Regional Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 22 (India Regional Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 23 (India Regional Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 24 (India Regional Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 25 (India National Math Olympiad 3rd Round)

Problem 26 (International Zhautykov Olympiad)

Problem 27 (Iran TST) Let a, b, c, d be positive real numbers such that

Problem 28 (Iran TST ) Suppose that a sequence a1 , a2 , . . . of positive real

Problem 29 (Iran MO 3rd Round) Let a, b, c R+ and abc = 1 prove

Problem 30 (Israel Team Selection Test) Let a, b, c be positive numbers

Problem 31 (Japan Mathematical Olympiad Preliminary) Let a, b, c, d

Problem 32 (Team Selection Test for JBMO - Turkey) Prove that

Problem 33 (Junior Balkan MO) Let a, b, c be positive real numbers.

Problem 34 (Junior Balkan Team Selection Test) Let a, b, c R+ ,

Problem 35 (Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania) Let

Problem 36 (Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania)

Problem 37 (Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania)

Problem 38 (Korea Winter Program Practice Test)

Problem 39 (Korea Winter Program Practice Test) Pn

Problem 40 (Kosovo National Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 41 (Kosovo National Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 42 (Latvia National Olympiad)

Problem 43 (Macedonian National Olympiad)

Problem 44 (Mediterranean Mathematics Olympiad)

Problem 45 (Middle European Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 46 (Pan-African Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 47 ( Philippines Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 48 (Romanian Masters in Mathematic)

Problem 49 (San Diego Math Olympiad)

Problem 50 (Selection round of Kiev team to UMO)

Problem 51 (Selection round of Kiev team to UMO)

Problem 52 (South East Mathematical Olympiad)

Problem 53 (Spain Mathematical Olympiad)

x1 x2 ...xn (x1 y1 + x2 y2 + ... + xn yn )

Problem 54 ( Taiwan TST 1st Round)

Problem 55 ( Taiwan TST 2nd Round)

Problem 56 ( Taiwan TST 2nd Round)