OR

1. Yes, an angle is measured in radian but it has no

dimensions.
2. When a stone is going around a circular path, the Let u be the initial velocity of projection of body
instantaneous velocity of stone is acting tangentially and v be the velocity of the same body while passing
to the circle. When the string breaks, the centripetal downwards through point of projection. The
force stops to act. Due to inertia, the stone continue to displacement of body s = 0.
move along the tangent to circular path. That is why, Using the relation v2 = u2 + 2as,
the stone flies off tangentially to the circular path. and u = u, v = ? ; a = g, s = 0, we have
3. 3.0 104 1.7 106 = (3.0 0.017) 104 v2 = u2 + 2 ( g) 0 = u2 or v = u
It means that the final speed is independent of mass
= (3.0 0.0) 104
of the body. Hence, both the bodies will acquire
= 3.0 104
the same speed while passing through point of
4. Acceleration of a car is greater when brake pedal is projection.
pushed hard, because car suddenly comes to rest, 10. Here, l1 = (5.62 0.01) cm
i.e., the rate of change of velocity of car is large. l2 = (4.34 0.02) cm
5. The line which has greater slope has greater velocity. l = l1 l2 = 5.62 4.34 = 1.28 cm.
Thus, the line which makes an angle of 60 with Dl = (Dl1 + Dl2) = (0.01 + 0.02) = 0.03
time axis has greater velocity. 0. 03
Percentage error = 100 = 2. 34 %
tan 30 1 / 3 1 1. 28
Ratio of two velocities = = = Hence, difference in lengths = (1.28 0.03) cm
tan 60 3 3
= 1.28 cm 2.34 %
6. As L.H.S. represents distance, every term on R.H.S.
must represent distance. 11. Given, 50 VSD = 49 MSD
49
[x ] [L] 1 VSD = MSD
\ [bt ] = [ x ] or [b ] = = = [LT1 ] 50
[t ] [ T ]
1 MSD = 0.5 mm
Therefore, b represents velocity and hence its unit
In vernier callipers,
is m s1.
Minimum inaccuracy in the measurement of
7. The h-t graph for the motion is a parabola and is distance by vernier callipers = vernier constant
shown in figure (i). The v-t graph for the motion = 1 MSD 1 VSD
is a straight line as shown in figure (ii) because 49 1
= 1 MSD MSD = MSD
acceleration is constant during the entire motion of 50 50
the body. 1
= 0.5 mm = 0.01 mm
50
12. Suppose man is at building A and wants to land on
building B.
Horizontal speed of man, vx = 9 m s1

8. Here, P = A + B ; Q = A B
and R = 3A2 + B2
R2 = (A + B)2 + (A B)2 + 2(A + B) (A B) cos q
or 3A2 + B2 = 2(A2 + B2) + 2(A2 B2) cos q
1
or cos q =
2 Vertical speed of man, vy = 0
\ q = 60 Distance between buildings, x = 10 m
9. Let x be the displacement at time t of an object in Difference between height of the buildings, h = 9 m
motion. Given, x = k t3, where k is a constant of Suppose t is the time taken by the man to fall
proportionality. vertically downward by a height h,
dx
Velocity of object, v = = 3 kt 2 and acceleration
dt
dv
of object, a = = 3k 2t = 6 kt
dt
i.e., a t. It means acceleration time.
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 1 2 35 16 80
h = v yt + gt or t = = = 11.43 s
2 49 7
Negative sign shows that acceleration is negative,
1
9=0t + 10 t 2 which is called retardation i.e. car is uniformly
2
retarded at a = 3.06 m s2.
9 15. If a projectile is projected with velocity u, making
5t 2 = 9 t = = 1.34 s
5 an angle q with the horizontal direction, then
If distance covered by the man along x-axis during u2
Horizontal range, R = sin 2q
this time t is x, then g
x = vxt = 9 1.34 = 12.06 m 2 2
Here, x > x and maximum height, H = u sin q
2g
So, man will land successfully from building A to
Case (i) : If q = a, let R = R1 and H = H1, then
building B.
u2 sin 2a
13. Initial speed of the ball, u = 10 m s
1
= 36 km h1 R1 = (i)
g
The ball is thrown at angle of 60 with the
horizontal. u2 (ii)
and H1 = sin2 a
Horizontal speed of the ball, ux = ucos60 2g
1 Case (ii) : If q = (90 a), let R = R2
= 36 = 18 km h 1 and H = H2, then
2
Vertical speed of the ball, uy = usin60 u2 sin 2 (90 a)
R2 =
3 g
= 36 = 18 3 km h 1
2 u2 u2
= sin(180 2a) = sin 2a (iii)
Speed of the car, v = 18 km h1 g g
u2 u2
uy uy
H2 = sin2 (90 a) = cos2 a (iv)
2g 2g
From (i) and (iii), R1 = R2
From (ii) and (iv);
uy u
u2 u2
60
ux= 5 m s1 H1 + H 2 = (sin2 a + cos2 a) =
2g 2g
Since, ux = v, so boy sitting in the car will observe
only the vertical motion of the ball. Sketch of 16. Let u be the velocity of the object while crossing
motion is shown in the figure. point p and v be its velocity while crossing point q
as shown in figure. A is the highest point of vertical
14. Here, motion of object. As per question, the time taken by
126 1000 tp
u = 126 km h 1 = m s1 = 35 m s1 ;
60 60 the object in going from p to A = and the time
2
v = 0, s = 200 m, a = ? and t = ? tq
taken by the object in going from q to A = .
We know, v2 = u2 + 2as 2
Taking vertical upward motion of object from
\ 0 = (35)2 + 2 a 200
p to A, we have
2
( 35 ) 49 tp
or a= = = 3.06 m s2 u = u, v = 0, a = g , t =
2 200 16 2
As, v = u + at As, v = u + at
49 tp gt
\ 0 = 35 + t \ 0 = u + ( g ) or u = p (i)
16 2 2

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 Taking vertical upward motion of object from q to Let v da Eb
A, we have, or v = k daEb (i)
t where a, b are constants.
u = v, v = 0, a = g, t = q
2 Writing the dimensional formula of the various
As, v = u + at quantities on both the sides,
tq tq [M0L1T1] = [ML3]a [ML1T2]b, we get
\ 0 = v + ( g ) or v = g [M0L1T1] = Ma + b L3a b T2b]
2 2
Applying the principle of homogeneity of
Taking vertical upward motion of
dimensions, we get
object from p to q, we have,
a + b = 0, 3a b = 1 and 2b = 1
u = u, v = v, a = g, s = h
As, v2 = u2 + 2as 1
Clearly, b =
\ v2 = u2 + 2( g)h 2
1
2 2
g 2t 2p g 2tq2 Also, a = b =
or 2 gh = u v = 2
4 4 From eqn (i),
8h
or g = E
(t 2p tq2 ) v = kd 1/ 2 E1/ 2 = k
d
OR 18. (i) Shreya displays safety concerns for her brother.
Let x be the total length of the train, V be the velocity Rash driving can lead to any unfortunate incident.
of the middle point of the train while passing a We agree with Shreya that driving must be careful
certain point and a be the uniform acceleration and safe.
of the train. Taking the motion of the train when (ii) Average speed of Shreya,
middle point is passing from the given point, we Distance 10 km
have v1 = = = 40 km h 1
Time taken 15 / 60 hr
x
u = u, v = V, s = ; a = a Time taken by Shyam to reach the school
2
Using, v2 = u2 + 2 as, we have = 15 3 = 12 minute.
2ax \ Average speed of Shyam,
V 2 = u2 + = u2 + ax (i)
10 km
2 Distance
v2 = = = 50 km h 1
Taking the motion of train when the last end of Time 12 / 60 hr
train is passing from the given point, then \ v2 v1 = 50 40 = 10 km h1
u = u, v = v, a = a, s = x
19. Suppose a projectile is fired with velocity u at an
Now, we have, v2 = u2 + 2ax
angle q with the horizontal. Let it reach the point
v 2 u2 (x, y) after time t. Then
or ax =
2 Components of initial velocity,
Putting this value in (i), we get
ux = u cos q, uy = u sin q
v 2 u2 u2 + v 2 Components of acceleration at any instant,
V 2 = u2 + =
2 2 ax = 0, ay = g
Position after time t,
(u2 + v 2 )
or V = x
2 x = (u cos q) t t =
u cos q
17. We are given that, 1
Stress y = (u sin q) t gt 2 (i)
E= 2
Strain Putting value of t in (i)
Force/ Unit area 2
= x 1 x
Change in configuration/ Original configuration y = usinq g
u cos q 2 u cos q
MLT2 / L2 g
or E = = [ML1 T2 ] y = x tan q x2
1 2u cos2 q
2

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 2
u2y u2 sin2 q 2v 1 2v 4v 2
Maximum height, H = = = v0 sin q 0 + ( g sin q) 0 = 0 sin q
2g 2g g 2 g g
2u y 2u sin q 20. According to Keplers third law,
Time of flight, T = = T2 r3 T r3/2
g g
Also, T depends on g and R.
2ux u y u2 sin 2q Let, T r3/2 gx Ry
Horizontal range, R = = where x and y are exponents of g and R
g g
Maximum horizontal range is attained at q = 45 respectively.
and its value is T = kr3/2 gx Ry
where k is dimensionless constant of proportionality.
u2 Writing dimensions of the physical quantities on
Rmax =
g both sides
Velocity after time t, [M0L0T1] = [L]3/2 [LT2]x [L]y
vx = u cos q, vy = u sin q gt [M0 L0 T1] = [M0L(3/2 + x + y)T2x]
OR Using the principle of homogeneity of dimensions
3
Since the collision of particle with inclined plane is x+y+ =0 (i)
2
elastic, so its rebound speed is same but direction of 2x = 1 (ii)
velocity is changed. 1
After rebounding, motion of the particle is projectile From eqns. (i) and (ii), x = , y = 1
2
on inclined plane.
Let T = time taken by the particle to hit the plane k r3
\ T = kr 3/ 2 g 1/ 2 R 1 T =
second time. R g
which is required quantity.
OR
(i) The magnitude of the average acceleration is
given by
Change in speed
=
Time interval
i.e. average acceleration in a small interval of
time is equal to the slope of (v-t) graph in that
time interval.
Consider motion along perpendicular to inclined
As the slope of (v-t) graph is maximum in the
plane, interval 2 as compared to intervals 1 and 3,
y = 0, uy = v0 cosq, ay = g cosq, t = T hence the magnitude of average acceleration is
1 greatest in interval 2.
y = u yt + a yt 2 (ii) The average speed is greatest in the interval 3
2
as peak D is at maximum on speed axis.
1
0 = (v 0 cos q)T + ( g cos q)T 2 (iii) v > 0 i.e. positive in all the three intervals.
2
(iv) The slope is positive in intervals 1 and 3, so
2v0 a i.e. acceleration is positive in these intervals
T=
g while the slope is negative in interval 2, so
Consider motion along inclined plane, acceleration is negative in it. So, a > 0 i.e.
positive in intervals 1 and 3 and a < 0 i.e.
2v
x = L, ux = v0sinq, ax = gsinq, t = T = 0 negative in interval 2.
g (v) As slope is zero at points A, B, C and D, so the
1 acceleration is zero at all the four points.
\ x = ux t + a x t 2
2

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