JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership / M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324 Integrating Technology into Education

Name: Muhammed Karatoprak Date: 06/02/2017

Waxman, H. C. & Boriack, A. W. & Lee, Y. & Macneil, A. (2013). Principals Perceptions of the
Importance of Technology in Schools. Contemporary Educational Technology, 4(3), 187-196.

INTRODUCTION

Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is the theoretical
background or overarching theme):
What are principals perceptions of the importance of technology, do principals perception of
technology differ by years of experience and gender?
Purpose of the research:
The purpose of the study was to determine principals perceptions of the importance of
technology and to determine principals perception of the technology by years of experience and
gender toward technology.

METHODOLOGY

What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the issue? Provide
information regarding the following:
Participants:
A convenience sample of 310 principals from a large metropolitan area in the southwest
region of the United States responded to a cognitive interview questionnaire.
Procedures:
The questionnaire was administered by graduate students. Students was trained on how
to administer the instrument and required to interview a specific number of current public
school principals. The survey included both qualitative and quantitative questions.
Principals cognitions and perceptions have been found to be valid and reliable and the
use of cognitive interviewing further improves the validity of the data.
Analysis of the interview data began with a process of data reduction. The responses were
read several times to become familiar with the data and then the data coded into
meaningful categories. The inter-coder reliability (Cohens kappa = .94) was used to reveal
results.
Data Collection Methods/Data Source:
Interview questionnaire.
Data Analysis:
Analysis of the interview data began with a process of data reduction. The participants
responses were read several times to become familiar with the data. The data was then
coded into meaningful categories. Once the categories were established, another
researcher independently coded a 10% sample of responses to determine the consistency
 of the coding. The inter-coder reliability results revealed a high level of agreement
(Cohens kappa = .94).

RESULTS

Findings or Results (or main points of the article):

After reviewing the principals answers, three main categories were found about
principals perception about technology
1. Principals Perceptions of the Major Function of Technology.
2. Principals Perceptions of the Major Function of Technology by Sex.
3. Principals Perceptions of the Major Function of Technology by Years of
Experience.

DISCUSSIONS

Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):

By regarding the importance of the technology into education, school leaders should know how
to integrate technology into education within their schools. If they act like technology leaders,
teachers and students will follow them (Yu & Durrington, 2006, MacNeil and Delafield 1998,
p.193).

REFLECTIONS

Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your school/work):

Todays education systems require integrating technology into education successfully. School
Administrators should lead the way for teachers and students by using technology in their work
fields by keeping up with the latest technology. Principals should view technology a major
element of their schools to share data and resources, to finish administrative works without
spending too much effort, and to improve students learning abilities. I know from myself that I
gained most of my technological abilities at high school thanks to the principal which set an
example for all teachers and students how to use technology in the education field to improve
teachers and students effectiveness. As a school administrative, we should know how to
integrate technology into education and we should keep up with the latest technology.