FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING SURVEY
(ECG 422)

ASSIGNMENT

TITLE: CURVES RANGING CALCULATIONS

NAME: MUHAMMAD SYAHIR BIN HAMIDON

STUDENT ID: 2016209224

GROUP: EC2202C

LECTURERS NAME: MR. NORAZLAN BIN KHALID

CALCULATION INVOLVING HORIZONTAL CURVES

Example 1

The chainage of the intersection point of two straights is 1060 m, and the angle of
intersection is 120. If radius of a circular curve to be set out is 570 m, and peg interval is 30
m, determine the tangent length, the length of the curve, the chainage at the beginning and
end of the curve, the length of the long chord and the total number of chords.

Solution:

Deflection angle = 180

= 180 120 = 60

= 30
2

a) Tangent length T = R tan 2

= 570 tan 30 = 329.09 m

b) Length of curve I = 180

570 60
= 180

= 596.60 m
c) Chainage of P.I. = 1060 m

= (35 30 + 10) m

= 35 Full Chain + 10 m

= 35 + 10

T = 329.09 m = 10 + 29.09

l = 596.90 m = 19 + 26.90

Chainage of T1 = chainage of P.I. T

= (35 + 10) (10 + 29.09)

= 24 + 10.91

Chainage of T2 = chainage of T1 + l

= (24 + 10.91) + (19 + 26.90)

= 44 + 7.81

d) Long chord L = 2R sin 2

= 2 570 sin 30

= 570 m

e) Total number of chords, N = n + 2

n = chainage of last peg chainage of first peg

= (44 + 00) (25 + 00)

= 19

N = 19 + 2 = 21
Example 2

Two parallel railway tracks, centre lines being 60 m apart, are to be connected by a reverse
curve, each section having the same radius. If the maximum distance between the tangent
points is 220 m, calculate the maximum allowable radius of the reverse curve that can be
used.

Solution:

T1P = PT3 = T3Q = QT2 = R tan 2

T1T3 = T3T2 = sin 2 = (1 2 + 2 2

= (2002 + 602 ) = 228.035 m (a)

Example 3

The first branch of a reverse curve has a radius of 200 m. If the distance between the tangent
points is 110 m, what is the radius of the second branch so that the curve can connect two
parallel straights, 18 m apart? Also calculate the length of the two branches of the curve.

Solution:
CALCULATION INVOLVING TRANSITIONAL CURVES

Example 1

A road 10m wide is to deflect through an angle of 65 with the centre line radius 350 m, the
chainage of the intersection point being 1006 m. A Transition curve is to be used at each end
of the circular curve of such a length that the rate of gain of radial acceleration is 0.4 m3/sec,
when the speed is 60 kmph. Find out

i. Length of the transition curve.

ii. Chainage of all junction points.
iii. offsets at x = L/4, L/2, 3L/4 and L.

Solution:

Given, deflection angle D = 65

Radius of the circular curve, R = 350 m

Road width, B = 10 m

Chainage of I = 1006 m

Speed of vehicle, V = 60 kmph = 16.67 m sec-1

Radial acceleration, a = 0.4 m3/sec

Length of the transition curve L = = 33.07 m

= 0.13 m

Length of the tangent, IT = (R + S) tan +

= (350 + 0.13) tan + = 239.59 m

Chainage of tangent T1 = Chainage of I - IT

= 1006.00 - 239.59 = 766.41 m

Length of the composite curve,

Chainage of tangent T2 = Chainage of T1 + l

= 766.41 + 430.13 = 1196.54 m

Chainage of junction point, A = Chainage of T1 + L

= 766.41 + 33.07 = 799.48 m

Chainage of junction point, A = Chainage of T2 - L

= 1196.54 - 33.07 = 1163.47 m

Offset length from tangent at a distance, X along transition curve is given by

Example 2

Part of a proposed rural road consists of two straights which intersect at an angle of 16816.
These are to be joined using a wholly transitional horizontal curve having equal tangent
lengths. The design speed of the road is to be 100 kph and the rate of change of radial
acceleration 0.20 m/s3.

Calculate the minimum radius of the curve.

Solution:
CALCULATIONS INVOLVING VERTICAL CURVES

Example 1

A 200 meter equal tangent parabolic vertical curve is to be placed to negotiate a upward
grade of 1.50% followed by a downward grade at 2.5% intersecting at a station having
elevation 185.795 m above mean sea level. Calculate elevations at even 20 m stations on the
vertical curve and determine the station and elevation of the highest point on the vertical
curve.

Solution:

The highest point is at

Thus,

= 75 m from BVC

Therefore R.L. at the highest point,

Y = - 0.0001 (75)2 + 0.075 x (75) + 184.295

= - 0.5625 + 1.125 + 184.295 = 184.858 m

Example 2

A vertical curve joins a -1.2% grade to a +0.8% grade. The P.I. of the vertical curve is at
station 75 + 00 and elevation 50.90 m above sea level. The centerline of the roadway must
clear a pipe located at station 75 + 40 by 0.80 m. The elevation of the top of the pipe is 51.10
m above sea level. What is the minimum length of the vertical curve that can be used?

Solution:
REFERENCES

1. Chandra, A. M. (2005). Surveying. New Delhi, India: New Age International (P) Ltd.,
Publishers.
2. http://www.mhhe.com/engcs/civil/banks/graphics/chap4.pdf
3. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105107122/