ICLTERPOP Section 4 - Configuration Options For LTE ENBs

Connected Mode Parameters
Connected Mode
Parameters
Informa Telecoms & Media


Defining RRC Connected Mode 4
LTE IRAT Interactions 6
RRC Reconfiguration Message 8
Measurement Configuration 10
Measurement Objects 10
Reporting Configurations 12
Measurement Identities 14
Other Parameters 16
Measurement Objects E-UTRA 18
Measurement Objects IRAT (UMTS) 20
Measurement Objects IRAT (GSM) 22
Measurement Gap Settings 24
LTE Measurement Reporting Configuration 26
LTE Measurement Report Trigger Events 28
IRAT Measurement Reporting Configuration 30
IRAT Mobility Triggers 32
LTE Speed Scale Factors 34
Measurement Reports 36
Measurement Report for UMTS Cells 38
Measurement Report for GSM/GERAN 40
Measurement Report for CDMA2000 Cells 42
Inter-eNB Handover Procedure 44
IRAT Handover Procedure 46
UMTS Measurement Settings 48
UMTS Event Triggers 50
UMTS Measurement Report 52
UMTS IRAT Handover Procedure 54
Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Procedures 56
Uplink Power Control 58
Timing Advance 60
CQI Reporting 62
Informa Telecoms & Media

Defining RRC Connected Mode

The LTE RRC connected state is defined in TS 36.331 as shown in the diagram. It is similar
toconnected mode in other 3GPP technologies, but in LTE there is no dedicated channel.
Allsignalling and traffic transfer between the UE and the eNB is handled through scheduling
ofthe uplink and downlink shared channel resource. To avoid the need for continuous
monitoring of the PDCCH for prolonged periods of time while in connected mode, the use
ofDRX, a feature normally associated with idle mode, is introduced. Note the UE is also
required to maintain awareness of system information.
Another key differentiator from idle mode is that mobility is under control of the network.
Network behaviour in this respect is driven by parameters and mode settings broadcast
insystem information that are either part of manual or SON-based optimisation activities.
4 Informa Telecoms & Media

E-UTRA RRC CONNECTED
3GPP TS 36.331 defines connected mode

with the following:
Transfer of unicast data to/from UE
At lower layers, the UE may be configured with a UE
specific DRX
Network controlled mobility, i.e. handover and cell change
order with optional network assistance (NACC) to GERAN
The UE:
monitors a Paging channel to detect incoming calls,
system information change; for ETWS capable UEs,
ETWS-notification; and for CMAS-capable UEs,
CMASnotification
monitors a Paging channel and/or System Information
Block Type 1 contents to detect system information
change, for ETWS capable UEs, ETWS notification,
and for CMAS capable UEs, CMAS notification
monitors control channels associated with the shared
data channel to determine if data is scheduled for it
provides channel quality and feedback information
performs neighbouring cell measurements and
measurement reporting
acquires system information
Fig. 1 E-UTRA RRC Connected Mode
Informa Telecoms & Media 5

LTE IRAT Interactions

LTE standards define handovers and cell reselection between the E-UTRAN and both UMTS
and GSM/GPRS networks. Transition from LTE in idle mode is primarily through cell reselection,
with the exception of GPRS, which may employ CCO (Cell Change Orders).
In RRC_Connected mode, the E-UTRAN decides which cell a UE should hand over to in order
to maintain the radio link.
The diagram shows the state transition model for UMTS and GSM/GPRS. A UE will be either
Connected or Idle with respect to the E-UTRAN. The substates CELL_PCH, URA_PCH and
Cell FACH do not exist in LTE.
Handovers will occur between cell DCH and LTE connected. However, a UE in the UMTS states
CELL_PCH and URA_PCH would return to LTE through cell reselection.
Similarly, real-time traffic will probably handover to/from GSM, whilst non-real-time traffic using
GPRS will probably utilise CCO with NACC (Network Assisted Cell Change).

UMTS LTE GSM/GPRS
GSM
Connected
Handover E-UTRA RRC Handover
CELL_DCH
Connected
GPRS Packet
transfer mode
CELL_FACH CCO with
optional
NACC
CELL_PCH
URA_PCH
Connection
establishment/ Connection
release establishment/
Connection Reselection release
establishment/ CCO,
release reselection
Reselection GSM_Idle/
Reselection E-UTRA
Idle GPRS
RRC Idle
CCO, Packet_Idle
reselection
Fig. 2 LTE IRAT Interactions

RRC Reconfiguration Message

The RRCConnectionReconfiguration message is a multi-purpose message, using many
subheaders to control a UEs behaviour whilst in connected mode. Only relevant information
elements will be included for mobility control, which will be investigated in detail throughout this
section.
The main information element that controls a connected mode UE is measConfig, which is used
tosetup, modify or remove measurement commands. In a similar manner to UMTS, a UE
willbeinstructed to start measuring, and then when certain triggers or events occur, send
measurement reports. Alternatively, measurement reports may be periodical.

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Message
Measurement Configuration
Mobility Control Information
Dedicated Information NAS List
Security Configuration
Non-Critical Extensions
eNB
RRC Connection Reconfiguration

DCCH/DL-SCH
Periodical or event- RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

based measurement
process started DCCH/UL-SCH
Trigger Measurement Report

Event
DCCH/UL-SCH
Fig. 3 RRC Reconfiguration

Measurement Configuration
The measConfig IE (information element) consists of the following IE sets:
Measurement Objects
Reporting Configurations
Measurement Identities
Additional parameters
Measurement Objects
Measurement objects define either LTE, UMTS, GSM or CDMA2000 neighbours to measure.
Each command is assigned a unique-per-UE measurement identity, and may include up to
32neighbours per RAT/frequency layer.

RRC Connection ReconfigurationMessage
Measurement Configuration measConfig

Measurement Objects
Mobility Control Information measObjectToRemoveList
Dedicated Information NAS List measObjectId List As Required

measObjectToAddModList
Security Configuration measObjectId List As Required 1n (Max =32)
Non-Critical Extensions measObject LTE, UMTS, GSM or CDMA2000
Fig. 4 Measurement Objects

Triggers or events for reporting are contained within the Reporting Configuration IE. Reports
may be set to event based or periodical. Appropriate timers and hysteresis values will also be
conveyed to a UE. A report configuration ID is used for each defined configuration message.


Mobility Control Information reportConfigTo List As Required
RemoveList
Dedicated Information NAS List
reportConfigToAddModList
Security Configuration reportConfigId List As Required 1n (Max =32)
Non-Critical Extensions reportConfig

Rat
Event or Periodical and Details
Fig. 5 Reporting Configurations

Measurement Identities are used to bind together combinations of reporting configurations
andmeasurement objects.


Mobility Control Information measIdTo List As Required
RemoveList
Dedicated Information NAS List measIdToAddModList
Security Configuration measId List As Required 1n (Max =32)
Non-Critical Extensions measObjectId

measConfigid
Fig. 6 Measurement Identities

Other Parameters
Other parameters which may be used are contained here including speed scaling,
measurement gaps, measurement filter coefficients and serving cell quality thresholds.
Thesewill be covered later in this section.


Other Parameters
Mobility Control Information Quality configuration Meas. filter by type 09
and RAT 11, 13, 15, 17, 19
Dedicated Information NAS List Measurement Gap Gp1 039
Security Configuration Configuration Gp2 039
S-Measurements Serving Cell 097
Non-Critical Extensions Quality threshold (140 to 44dBm)
preRegistrationInfo

HRPD
Speed Parameters
t-Evaluation 30, 60, 120, 240 seconds
T-HystNorm 30, 60, 120, 240 seconds
N-cellChange
116
Medium
N-cellChangeHigh 116
speedStateScale
Factors
Sf-Medium 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0
Sf-High 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0
Fig. 7 Other Parameters

Measurement Objects E-UTRA

The diagram shows an example of the parameters which may be used to control measurements
on LTE cells.
It is possible to instruct a UE to measure a frequency layer only (from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz).
Theinclusion of the optional cellsToAddMod list allows more precise targeting of specific cells.
Note that if the cellsToAddMod list is not included, cells may still be barred from the
measurement command using black lists.

measConfig
Measurement Objects
measObjectToRemoveList
measObjectId List As Required
measObjectId List As Required 1n (Max =32)
measObject LTE, UMTS, GSM or CDMA2000
Measurement Configuration Measurement Objects EUTRA example

Carrier Frequency EARFCN
Mobility Control Information allowedmeasBandwidth 6, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 rbs
Dedicated Information NAS List presenceAntennaport1 True/false (MIMO)

Ncell configuration MBSFN or TDD info
Offset Frequency 2424 dB
Non-Critical Extensions Cells to remove list Indicies as requested
Cells to add or modify list
Cell index 1n (Maximum 32)
Physical cell ID 0503 (PCI)
Individual cell offset 2424 dBm
Black cells to add list 132
Black cells to remove list
Cell index 1n (32 max)
Physical cell range
Start 0503 (PCI)
Range 1, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64,
84504
Cell to report CGI 0503 (PCI)
Fig. 8 Measurement Objects EUTRA

Measurement Objects IRAT (UMTS)

The measObject information element may include UMTS cells, as shown in the diagram.
Up to 32 UMTS cells may be defined in each UMTS frequency layer. A UARFCN and cell code,
corresponding to the primary scrambling code, is defined for UMTS neighbours.

measConfig
Measurement Objects
Measurement Configuration Measurement Objects UTRA example

Carrier Frequency EARFCN
Mobility Control Information Offset frequency 1515 dB
Dedicated Information NAS List Cells to remove list Indicies as required

Cells to add or modify list FDD or TDD
Cell index 1n (Maximum 32)
Non-Critical Extensions Physical cell ID FDD 0511
TDD 0127
Cell to report CGI As above
Fig. 9 UMTS Neighbour Definition

Measurement Objects IRAT (GSM)

The measObject information element may include GSM neighbour cells, as shown in the diagram.
Up to 32 GSM cells may be defined by listing ARFCNs. Note that no BSIC is included for
GSMneighbours. However, the use of NCC permitted may be used restrict unwanted
PLMNmeasurements.

measConfig
Measurement Objects
Measurement Configuration Measurement Objects GERAN example

Starting ARFCN ARFCN
Mobility Control Information Band indicator 900/1800
Dedicated Information NAS List Following ARFCNc

List of ARFCNs 1n (Maximum 32)
ARFCN spacing 18
Non-Critical Extensions Number of following ARFCNs 031
ARFCN bitmap Up tp 16 octetcs
Offset Frequency 1515 dB (meas eval req)
NCC permitted 8 bit
Cell to report CGI BSIC
Fig. 10 GSM/GERAN Neighbour Definition

Measurement Gap Settings

Measurement gap parameters are used to define time periods when no uplink or downlink
transmission will be scheduled for a specific UE, thus enabling a UE to take neighbour
measurements. This is similar in concept to compressed mode in UMTS or Idle frames in GSM.
LTE monitoring gap patterns occur in multiples of 10 ms, and have a duration of 6 ms. A single
monitoring pattern is defined for both LTE neighbours and Inter-RAT.
Note that the 6 ms gap period should be sufficient to allow a UE to synchronise onto LTE
neighbours for cell identification. (PSS and SSS every 5 ms). However, careful selection of gap
repetition must be employed to allow a UE to decode a GSM synch burst to obtain BSIC and
the SFN.

Neighbour Neighbour Neighbour
MGL
Measurement
Gap Length
MGRP
(Measurement Gap
Repetition Period)
measGapConfig
Defines start
position
Gap MGL MGRP

Pattern ID (MS) (MS)
0 6 40
1 6 80
eNB
(Serving Cell)
Fig. 11 Measurement Gap Settings

LTE Measurement Reporting Configuration

The diagram shows the parameters and trigger events a UE may be instructed to perform on
neighbouring LTE cells.
Depending on measurement type, a UE may measure and report serving cell, listed cells or any
cells detected on a listed frequency. A UE can trigger a report based on either RSRP or RSRQ.
However, both may be included in any report.
The E-UTRAN can influence the UE report entry condition by setting configurable parameters
such as offsets and hysteresis. For any event to be triggered the entry condition must be met
for at least the Time-to-Trigger value.

Event ID measConfig
Event A1 Measurement Identities
A1 Threshold Choice reportConfigTo List As Required
RemoveList
Threshold RSRP 097 (maps to 14044 dBm)
Threshold RSRQ 034 (maps to 19.53 dB)
reportConfigId List As Required 1n (Max =32)
Event A2
reportConfig Event or Periodical and Details
A2 Threshold Choice
Rat
Event A3
measConfig
Trigger type Choice
A3 Offset 3030
Event Event trigger list
Report on leave True/false
Event ID A1, A2, A3, A4, A5
Event A4
Hysteresis 030 in 0.5bd steps
A4 Threshold Choice
Time to trigger 0, 40, 64, 80, 1002560, 5120 ms
Threshold RSRP 097 (maps to 14044d Bm)
Periodical
Purpose Report strongest cells/
Event A2
Report CGI
A5 Threshold 1 Choice
Trigger quantity RSRP/RSRQ
Threshold RSRP 097 (maps to 14044d Bm)
Report quantity RSRP/RSRQ
Max cells to report 1 to 8
A5 Threshold 2 Choice
Report interval 120, 240, 480102402ms
Threshold RSRP 097 (maps to 14044 dBm) 1, 2, 4, 60 minutes
Threshold RSRQ 034 (maps to 19.53 dB) Report amount 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, infinte
Fig. 12 Measurement Reporting Configuration

LTE Measurement Report Trigger Events

The diagram shows the event triggers defined for LTE.
Event A1 Serving cell becomes better than an absolute threshold.

Event A2 Serving cell becomes worse than an absolute threshold.
Event A3 Neighbour becomes better than an offset relative to serving cell.
Event A4 Neighbour cell becomes better than an absolute threshold.
Event A5 Serving cell becomes worse than an absolute threshold and neighbour
cellbecomes better than a second absolute threshold.
Remember that each event will have associated hysteresis and time-to-trigger values.

Event A1 Serving Cell Event A2
Absolute Absolute
Threshold Threshold
Serving
Cell
Event A3 Neighbour
cell
Offset
Serving
Cell
Event A4 Event A5 Neighbour

Neighbour cell cell
Absolute Absolute
Threshold Threshold 1
Absolute
Threshold 2
Serving
Cell
Fig. 13 LTE Event Triggers

IRAT Measurement Reporting Configuration

The parameters relevant for IRAT reports are shown in the diagram. Note that monitoring
ofIRAT neighbours will be performed during available monitoring gaps.
The three UMTS physical channels required for identification and measurement are P-SCH,
S-SCH and CPICH. GSM requires RSSI and BSIC decode. Events may be periodical or event
based, and as with LTE reports, appropriate hysteresis values and time-to-trigger will be set by
the E-UTRAN.

Event ID measConfig
Event B1 Measurement Identities
B1 Threshold UTRA Choice reportConfigTo List As Required
RemoveList
UTRA RSCP 5 to 91 (maps to 120-25 dBm)
UTRA Ec/No 049 (maps to 240 dB)
reportConfigId List As Required 1n (Max =32)
B1 Threshold GERAN 063 (maps to 11044 dBm)
reportConfig Event or Periodical and Details
Threshold RSRQ 063
Rat
Event B2
B2 Threshold 1 Choice
measConfig
Trigger type Choice
Event Event trigger list
B2 Threshold 2 Choice
Event ID B1, B2
B2 Threshold UTRAN Choice
Hysteresis 030 in 0.5 bd steps
UTRA RSCP 5 to 91 (maps to 120-25 dBm)
Time to trigger 0, 40, 64, 80, 1002560, 5120 ms
Periodical
B1 Threshold GERAN 063 (maps to 11044 dBm)
Purpose Report strongest cells/
B1 Threshold CDMA2000 063
Reportstrongest cells FOR SON/
Report CGI
Max cells to report 1 to 8
Report interval 120, 240, 480102402ms
1, 2, 4, 60 minutes
Report amount 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, infinte
Fig. 14 IRAT Reporting Configuration

IRAT Mobility Triggers

The diagram shows the two trigger events associated with IRAT mobility.
Event B1 Neighbour cell becomes better than an absolute threshold

Event B2 Neighbour cell becomes better than an absolute threshold and
servingcellbecomes worse than an absolute threshold.
As for the other event reports, hysteresis and time-to-trigger values may be employed.

Inter-RAT Inter-RAT
Event B1 Neighbour cell Event B2 Neighbour cell
Absolute Absolute
Threshold Threshold 2
Absolute
Threshold 1
LTE Serving
Cell
Fig. 15 Inter RAT Mobility Triggers

LTE Speed Scale Factors

In idle mode, it was seen that it is possible to apply hysteresis and scaling factors to a UE based
on a number of cell reselections in a given time.
The assessment of speed state whilst in connected mode is performed in a similar fashion.
However, a UE will now count consecutive handovers. Based on a number of consecutive
handovers a UE will apply a speed scaling factor to the time-to-trigger value, thus enabling
better mobility management, especially in a hierarchical cell structure.

Connected Mode Parameter Value Range Idle Mode Parameter
t-Evaluation 30, 60, 120, 240 secs TCRmax
t-HystNormal 30, 60, 120, 240 secs TCRmaxHyst
n-CellChangeMedium 116 NCR_M
n-CellChangeHigh 116 NCR_H
Normal Mobility No Action
Medium Mobility Time-to-trigger x sf-Medium
High Mobility Time-to-trigger x sf-Medium
Fig. 16 Speed Scale Factors

Measurement Reports
A periodical or event-based trigger will cause the UE to generate a measurement report.
Thespecific contents of the report will vary dependent on the measurement command
providedby the E-UTRAN. Only information elements specifically asked for in the measurement
command will be reported by the UE. For example, Cell Global Identity may or may not be
included. Usually the physical cell identity will suffice.
The diagram shows an example report for LTE (E-UTRA).

Measurement Report
Trigger type Choice
measID 1n (max = 32)
measResultServingCell
rsrp Result 097 (maps to 11044 dBm)
rsrp Result 034 (maps to 19.53 dB)
measResultN-Cell Choice
Result List E-UTRA List as required E-UTRA results
Result UTRA List as required Physical cell ID 0503
Result GERAN List as required cgi info
Result CDMA2000 Cell Global ID MCC + MNC + CID
LAC 16 bit
plmn ID List Max = 5
Measurement Results
rsrp Result 097
rsrp Result 034
CSG information
Fig. 17 Measurement Report E-UTRA

Measurement Report for UMTS Cells

The diagram shows an example report for UMTS (UTRA) cells. Note that on receipt of the
MobilityFromEUTRACommand message the UE will start timer T304 and attempt to connect
tothe new node. Expiry of this timer before a handover complete message will result in
handover failure.

Measurement Report
Trigger type Choice
Result List E-UTRA List as required
Result UTRA List as required UTRA results
Result GERAN List as required Physical cell ID FDD 0511
Result CDMA2000 TDD 0127
cgi info
Cell Global ID MCC + MNC + CID
LAC 16 bit
RAC 8 bit
plmn ID List Max = 5
Measurement Results
UTRA RSCP 591 (maps to 12025 dBm)
CSG information
Fig. 18 IRAT Measurement Report UMTS

Measurement Report for GSM/GERAN

The diagram shows an example report for GSM/GERAN cells. Note that the
MobilityFromEUTRACommand message will contain either a L3 signalling message from
thedestination BSS/GERAN or, in the case of CCO, a target cell and frequency.

Measurement Report
Trigger type Choice
Result UTRA List as required
Result GERAN List as required GERAN results
Result CDMA2000 Carrier Frequency ARFCN
Physical Identity BSIC
cgi info
Cell Global ID MCC + MNC + CID
RAC 8 bit
Measurement Results
RSSI 063 (maps to 11047 dBm)
Fig. 19 IRAT Measurement Report GERAN

Measurement Report for CDMA2000 Cells

The diagram shows an example report for CDMA2000. For CDMA2000, additional procedures
have been defined, using SRB1, to register a UEs presence in the destination core prior to any
handover procedure.

Measurement Report
Trigger Type Choice
Result UTRA List as required
Result GERAN List as required
Result CDMA2000 CDMA2000 results
Physical Identity 0511 (Pilot PN-Offset)
cgi info
Cell Global ID SID/NID = CID POSS. Sector ID
Measurement Results
Pilot PN hase 032767
Pilot strength 063
Fig. 20 IRAT Measurement Report CDMA2000

Inter-eNB Handover Procedure

The diagram shows the air interface signalling flow for an Inter-eNB handover. The stages for
handover are as follows:
1. The UE sends a measurement report.
2. The source eNB requests that the target cell prepares for handover. Note that in the case
ofX2-based handover either lossless or seamless handovers are defined.
3. If no X2 interface is available, an S1-based handover may be triggered by the source eNB.
4. The source eNB sends a RRCConnectionReconfiguration message to the UE, including

mobility control IEs (new C-RNTI, Cell identity and, optionally, target cell frequency).
5. The UE will initiate the random access procedure and start timer T304.
6. After the successful random access procedure the UE stops timer T304.

MME
eNB eNB
1. Measurement report
2. X2 Handover prep
3. S1 Handover prep
4. HO Command
RRCConnectionReconfiguration
5. Random Access (T304 Started)
6. HO Complete (Stop T304)

RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
Fig. 21 LTE Handover Procedure (Inter-eNB)

IRAT Handover Procedure

The major difference between an Inter E-UTRA handover and IRAT handover is that the E-UTRA
has no direct connection to the target radio network. These interactions have to be handled by
the MME.
Once the MME has relayed the appropriate inter-RAT cell information to the source eNB it can
instruct the UE to hand over using the MobilityFromEUTRACommand message.
On receipt of this message the UE will change to the appropriate radio technology and
implement the handover procedure. RRC or RR handover complete messages will then be
used for UMTS and GSM respectively.

Target Target
MME
CN RAN
eNB
Measurement report
Handover Prep Handover Prep Handover Prep
RRCConnectionReconfiguration
Mobility from
E-UTRA Command
Handover Complete
Fig. 22 LTE IRAT Handover Procedure

UMTS Measurement Settings

The information elements contained in the diagram are passed to a UE in connected mode
using RRC measurement control. For the purpose of LTE handover, the most relevant
parameters will be the EARFCN and bandwidth information element. LTE itself is specified
asameasurement object and no specific cell identities are defined.
Note that a UE that is RRC connected and in the state Cell-DCH will be given compressed
mode gap configuration information to enable inter-frequency measurements.
Reporting criteria may be either event based or periodical and multiple events can be specified.
The trigger points for events can be modified with time-to-trigger values and hysteresis.

Measurement Control New Frequency List (8 maximum)
Measurement ID 1n (max = 16) E-UTRA Carrier EARFCN
Measurement Command Setup/modify/release Bandwidth to measure 6, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 rbs
Report Mode AM/UM and Event/Periodical Blacklisted cells List as needed
Measurement type Choice Physical Cell ID OCI (0503)
Intra-Frequency
Inter RAT
Measurement Report Criteria (8maximum)
Etc
Inter RAT Event ID EARFCN
Own System Threshold 6, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 rbs
LTE Inter RAT W 0 to 2 in 0.1 steps (3a only)
Measurement Objects Other System Threshold 1150 dBm (3a, b, c only)
Value - IE-25
Inter RAT Cell Info N/A
Hysteresis 07.5 in 0.5 steps
E-UTRA Hz List
Time to Trigger 0, 10, 20, 40640, 1280, 2560,
Removal
5000ms
New Frequencies List as Required
Max. num. of cells to report 112
Measurement Quantity
Measurement quantity RSRP/RSRQ
Filter coefficiant 1, 2, 9, 11, 13, 19
Periodical Report Criteria
Amount or reports 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, Infinite
Report quality One or both (RSRP/Q)
Report interval 250, 500, 1000, 200032000,
Number of cells to report 112
64000 millisecs
Report Criteria
Measurement report criteria
Periodical report criteria
No report
Fig. 23 UMTS Measurement Settings

UMTS Event Triggers

The diagram shows the inter-RAT events and can be defined as follows:
Event 3a UMTS active set quality becomes worse than an absolute threshold and
anLTE neighbour becomes better than an absolute threshold.
Event 3b An LTE neighbour becomes worse than an absolute threshold.
Event 3c An LTE neighbour becomes better than an absolute threshold.
Event 3d Best LTE neighbour cell change.
As UMTS is a CDMA system, a UE will potentially be involved in a soft handover and thus
serving cell quality may be derived across an active set as follows:
QUTRAN = 10LogMUTRAN =W 10Log + (1-w)10logMbest
Where:
Mi Quality of ith cell in active set

MBEST Quality measure of best cell in active set
Na Number of cells in active set
W Weighting factor to manipulate sum of Mi and MBEST

Inter-RAT LTE
Event 3a Neighbour cell
Event 3b
Absolute
Threshold Absolute
Other Threshold
Absolute Inter RAT LTE
Threshold Neighbour cell
Own
UMTS Active set (QUTRAN)
Inter-RAT LTE Inter-RAT LTE

Event 3c Neighbour cell
Event 3d Neighbour cell 1
Absolute
Threshold Change of
best n-cell Inter RAT LTE
Neighbour
cell 2
Fig. 24 UMTS Event Triggers

UMTS Measurement Report

When the appropriate trigger conditions or period is met the UE will compose and send
ameasurement report.
Note that prior to release 8, GSM CDMA2000 and intra-UMTS measurements could be
reported. New information elements have been included in release 8 and a software upgrade
inan existing UTRAN will be required to support LTE measurement reports.

Measurement Report E-UTRA Measured Results
Measurement Identity 1n (maximum 16) Measured results list Maximum 4
4x field entities non applicable N/A E-UTRA Carrier Hz EARFCN
for LTE
Measured cell list Maximum 4
Additional measured results Up to 4
Physical Cell ID PCI (0503)
E-UTRA measured results
RSRP 097 (maps to -40144 dBm)
E-UTRA event results
RSRQ 033 (maps to 19.53dB)
UTRA CSG frequency info
E-UTRA Event Results

IRAT event identity E3a, E3b, E3c, E3d
Event result list Maximum 4
Carrier Hz EARFCN
Reported cells list Maximum 4
Physical cell ID PCI (0503)
Fig. 25 UMTS Measurement Report

UMTS IRAT Handover Procedure

A UE that is RRC connected to the UTRAN may not necessarily be in compressed mode.
Itwould be usual for a UE to send a measurement report (1) based on an event trigger such
ase6a or e1f (Serving cell RSCP reduction or UE Tx Power respectively). This would allow an
RNC to send a Measurement Command and physical channel reconfiguration information (2)
tothe UE with gap parameters for compressed mode and new measurement commands for
LTE Neighbours.
Once in compressed mode (3), if the appropriate trigger event is met (Event 3a to 3d) a UE will
send a measurement report (4) to the RNC. The source UTRAN may then retrieve appropriate
LTE cell information for the target eNB (via core network) and issue a Handover from UTRAN (5)
command to the UE.
The UE will then attempt to reconnect (6) via LTE using the LTE random access procedure.

UE Moving away
from Node B
Node B UE eNB
2. Measurement command
3. UE in
compressed mode
5. Handover command
6. Handover to LTE
7. Handover complete
A B C
Fig. 26 UMTS IRAT Handover Procedure

Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Procedures

DRX will be configured for a UE in connected mode so that a UE does not need to permanently
monitor the PDCCH, thus saving battery life. The parameters for DRX have atrade-off between
latency and battery life and are configurable for LTE.
The onDurationTimer (Multiples of 1 ms) defines the amount of time the UE monitors downlink
control channels whilst DRX is active.
A short and long DRX cycle can be defined for LTE. If we take, for example, a UE involved in
anactive web browsing session, the long DRX cycle could be employed whilst a UE is RRC
connected but no data is being received, and the UE will switch to the short DRX cycle when
aweb page has been downloaded to ensure no further data is immediately forthcoming.
When a UE receives a scheduling message for its c-RNTI, it will start its DRX inactivity timer
andbegin to decode data. If instructed by a MAC control element, or if this timer expires, the
UE will enter the short DRX cycle. If no data is received and the drxShortCycleTimer expires,
then the UE may revert to the long DRX cycle.

On Scheduling Inactivity timer Short
duration message or MAC DRX cycle
reception CE reception Timer expiry
Continuous
reception
Long DRX cycle Short Long DRX cycle

DRX cycle
RRC sends DRX parameters
MAC CE activates DRX
eNB
Fig. 27 Two Stage DRX Procedure

Uplink Power Control

Uplink power control is needed in any mobile system, primarily to achieve a required Eb/No
value at the eNB, but also to reduce overall system interference and preserve battery life.
Detailed power control formulae are defined for LTE for the PUSCH, PUCCH and sounding
reference signals. The formula for each channel follows the same basic principle and consists
ofa basic open-loop operating point (derived from static or semi-static parameters issued by
aneNB) and dynamic offsets derived on a sub-frame basis. Note that a UE will never exceed
maximum Tx power (23 dBm).
The bandwidth element is derived from the number of scheduled radio blocks.
The static/semi-static control point is derived from both the Po-PUSCH(j) (defined cell by cell
from 126 dBm to +23 dBm) and Pl (an estimation of path loss made by the UE).
TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands are transmitted on the PDCCH to individual UEs
viaaspecific TPC_RNTI to control the dynamic closed loop offset.
Note that a UE (for example capable of transmitting 23 dBm) must report power control
headroom to the eNB. The eNB can then use this information to schedule uplink bandwidth
toaUE. Power control headroom has a range +40 dBm to 23 dBm. The negative value would
enable a UE to indicate that it has been allocated more radio blocks than it has power available
to transmit in, thus enabling the eNB to reduce allocated uplink bandwidth.

UE TX Power = min{PCMAX, 10log10(MPUSCH(i)) + PO_PUSCH(j) + (j).PL +TF(i) +f(i)} dBm
Power class Bandwith factor, Basic open Dynamic offset

23 dBm no. of RBs loop operating
point
Individual or Group
TPC commands sent In PDCCH
Power Headroom report sent in

Uplink grant (23....+40 dB)
eNB
Fig. 28 Uplink Power Control

Timing Advance
Like GSM, timing advance must be employed by LTE to ensure uplink transmission from multiple
UEs arrives at the eNB orthogonally.
Uplink timing advance utilises MAC control elements to update UE transmission time based
ondistance from the base station to counteract different propagation delays.
Initial timing advance is set during the random access procedure, allowing an initial setting
withgranularity from 0.52 s to 0.67 ms.
Granularity of subsequent timing advance commands is again 0.52 s (or 16 Ts). The command
utilises a 6-bit MAC CE with a range of 063. Values 031 reduce timing advance, 3163
increase timing advance.

eNB eNB
DL symbol Txd
at eNB
DL symbol RXd at UE, Tp1 Tp1

propagation delay TP1
2Tp1
Timing Advance
UL transmitted = 2Tp1
symbol timing
Tp1
UL symbol arrives 2Tp1
at eNB. delay 2Tp1
Fig. 29 Timing Advance

CQI Reporting
Link adaptation, or the process by which a transmitter should try to match the appropriate data
rate for each users variable air interface characteristics, is utilised within LTE.
The AMC process will define both the modulation scheme (from QPSK to 64QAM) and amount
of error protection required for both uplink and downlink transmission.
Uplink adaptation should be calculated by the source eNB based on measurements of uplink UE
transmission, or, alternatively, an eNB may request a UE to transmit sounding reference signals.
A UE can be configured to report CQI values in order to allow the eNB to determine an
appropriate downlink Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) as seen in the diagram. Note that
the CQI value is NOT a direct indication of SINR, but an indication of the highest MCS that it can
decode with a transport block error rate probability not exceeding 10%.

CQI Index Modulation Code Rate Approx Symbol Efficiency
0 No Tx
1 QPSK 0.076 0.15
2 QPSK 0.12 0.23
3 QPSK 0.19 0.37
4 QPSK 0.3 0.60
5 QPSK 0.44 0.87
6 QPSK 0.59 1.17
7 16QAM 0.37 1.47
8 16QAM 0.48 1.91
9 16QAM 0.6 2.40
10 64QAM 0.45 2.73
11 64QAM 0.55 3.32
12 64QAM 0.65 3.90
13 64QAM 0.75 4.52
14 64QAM 0.85 5.11
15 64QAM 0.93 5.55
Downlink Adaptation based

On UE CQI reporting
64QAM
16QAM 16QAM
QPSK QPSK
eNB
CQI 8 CQI 12 CQI 7 CQI 4 CQI
Fig. 30 CQI Reporting

ICLTERPOP Section 4 - Configuration Options For LTE ENBs

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ICLTERPOP Section 4 - Configuration Options For LTE ENBs

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Connected Mode Parameters

Informa Telecoms & Media

Connected Mode Parameters

Informa Telecoms & Media

Defining RRC Connected Mode

4 Informa Telecoms & Media

3GPP TS 36.331 defines connected mode

Fig. 1 E-UTRA RRC Connected Mode

Informa Telecoms & Media 5

LTE IRAT Interactions

6 Informa Telecoms & Media

Fig. 2 LTE IRAT Interactions

Informa Telecoms & Media 7

RRC Reconfiguration Message

8 Informa Telecoms & Media

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Periodical or event- RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

Trigger Measurement Report

Fig. 3 RRC Reconfiguration

Informa Telecoms & Media 9

10 Informa Telecoms & Media

Measurement Configuration measConfig

Dedicated Information NAS List measObjectId List As Required

Fig. 4 Measurement Objects

Informa Telecoms & Media 11

12 Informa Telecoms & Media

Measurement Configuration measConfig

Non-Critical Extensions reportConfig

Fig. 5 Reporting Configurations

Informa Telecoms & Media 13

14 Informa Telecoms & Media

Measurement Configuration measConfig

Non-Critical Extensions measObjectId

Fig. 6 Measurement Identities

Informa Telecoms & Media 15

16 Informa Telecoms & Media

Measurement Configuration measConfig

Fig. 7 Other Parameters

Informa Telecoms & Media 17

Measurement Objects E-UTRA

18 Informa Telecoms & Media

Measurement Configuration Measurement Objects EUTRA example

Dedicated Information NAS List presenceAntennaport1 True/false (MIMO)

Fig. 8 Measurement Objects EUTRA

Informa Telecoms & Media 19

Measurement Objects IRAT (UMTS)

20 Informa Telecoms & Media

Measurement Configuration Measurement Objects UTRA example

Dedicated Information NAS List Cells to remove list Indicies as required

Fig. 9 UMTS Neighbour Definition

Informa Telecoms & Media 21

Measurement Objects IRAT (GSM)

22 Informa Telecoms & Media

Measurement Configuration Measurement Objects GERAN example

Dedicated Information NAS List Following ARFCNc

Fig. 10 GSM/GERAN Neighbour Definition

Informa Telecoms & Media 23

Measurement Gap Settings

24 Informa Telecoms & Media

Gap MGL MGRP

Fig. 11 Measurement Gap Settings

Informa Telecoms & Media 25

LTE Measurement Reporting Configuration

1. The UE sends a measurement report.

4. The source eNB sends a RRCConnectionReconfiguration message to the UE, including