5.

Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru

September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

A Waste Management
Concept for Peru University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere
and Environment
Institute of Waste Management

Stefan Salhofer
Gudrun Obersteiner
Marion Huber-Humer
Peter Beigl
Erwin Binner
Marlies Hrad
Peter Lechner
Sabine Lenz
Peter Mostbauer
Florian Part
Alexandra Pukhnyuk
Roland Ramusch
Silvia Scherhaufer
Elisabeth Schmied
Benjamin Steuer
Nicole Unger
Nina Degischer
Thomas Ebner
Reinhold Ottner
Zorica Stamenkovic
Anna Happenhofer
Christian Hochhauer
Aleksander Jandric
Daniel Lesny
Erwin Binner MSc. Simon Neubauer

BOKU-
BOKU-University / Vienna
Erwin Binner
Institute
of Waste Management La Molina 2016
1

Outlook

Waste Management Concept

Example Austria
Different Waste Composition
Data Generation / Verification
Requirements for Peru
Adequate Waste Management Concept
Conclusions
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
2

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 1

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Waste Management in Austria (and EU)

1990 Waste Management Law (BGBL. I-102/2002)
Priorities
(5R):
prevention

reuse

recycling

energetic recovery

3 Erwin Binner treatment + disposal La Molina 2016

Waste Management Concept SS = sewage sludge

MBT = mechanical
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) biological pretreatment

recycling

use residual MBT landfill 5

resources productio separate waste use?
n collection
MSW incineration landfill 4
recycling

landfill 6 thermal treatment

separate composting
biogenous con-
soil
sumption collected
resources productio anaerobic treatment
biowaste
n

recycling
SS anaerobic treatment composting

thermal treatment biogas biogas

excavated soil reuse landfill 1

Inert wastes and
construction and
Erwin Binner recycling landfill
La Molina 2016
4 demolition waste 2+3

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 2

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Waste Treatment
Treatment Costs
Treatment of residual waste in Europe - comparison
costs are varying strongly, depending on legal
requirements, applied technology and capacity

treatment of residual costs in Europe

waste (/t Input)
landfilling 8 240
mechanical-biological
pretreatment 18 133
thermal treatment 90 332
source: Putz, 2005
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
5

Waste Management Concept for Peru

MSW Composition Peru and Austria
very different to Austria
the local situation is
to be kept in mind 26.7 %

2009 (different sources)

48.8 % organic waste (Peru):
48 to 55%
2009 (different sources)
organic waste (some districts):
Erwin Binner up to 78% La Molina 2016
6

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 3

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Importance of Local Conditions
!! local conditions always
have to be kept in mind!!
incineration of MSW with high share of biogenous
wastes (e.g. 70%) does not make sense:
because of high water content, waste will not burn
fuel will be needed!!
separate collection of recyclables only makes sense, if
there is a market for recyclables
climate situation:
high rainfall needs adopted technique (e.g. roofing of
compost plants)
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
7

Informe Nacional del Estado del Ambiente

INEA-Peru: Actualised every 2-3 Years

environmental status report:

data about Peru
data about population
status of environment
- climate change
- diversity
- soil
- atmosphere
- water
- chemicals
- solid wastes

actors in environment
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
8

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 4

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Environmental Statistic
INEI-Peru: Actualised every Year

environmental statistic:
territorio y suelos
biodiversidad
agua
aire
residuos slidos (pp. 335)
fenmenos naturales y
emergencias
energa, minera e hidrocarburos
gestin Ambiental
pesca
cambio climtico

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016

9

Plan Integral de Res. Sol. en Provincias

PIGARS-Peru: Actualised every Year

environmental status report:

aspectos generales
situacion actual del manejo de
residuos slidos
- marco legal
- aspectos tcnicos operativos
- aspectos administrativos,
econmoicos y financieros
- conclusions y recomendaciones
plan integral de residuos slidos
conclusiones
recomendaciones

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016

10

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 5

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Planning Criteria Data Generation

Waste Generation 2002 - 2009 (different sources)

Specific Amounts of MSW Generated in Peru

1.2
2008 2007 2009 2002 2009 2009

1.0
kg / capita.day

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0
W) 20
08 01
0
20
08
20
10 20
1
MS )2 try
,
3% NA
M t ed SW SW us
r (8 MI ollec va
lM a lM Ind
iba ( c o ov W+
n
ng
e nd nd S
Ara Mo
Sa Sa lM capita 2007: 28.2 Mio
o va
nd
11 Erwin Binner Sa La Molina
capita 2009:2016
29.1 Mio

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Planning Criteria Potential of Recyclables

data collection / verification

separate collected recyclables in Austria
households:
separate collection of packaging materials (Packaging
Ordinance, 1992)
separate collection of biogenous materials (Biowaste
Ordinance, 1992)
glass and paper were separate collected already
long before 1992 by e.g. red cross
implementation needs time
maximum is reached after approx. 10 years
no further increase possible
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
12

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 6

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Planning Criteria Potential of Recyclables

Separate Collection of Biogenous Wastes
since introduction of Bio Waste Ordinance (1992/1995) organics are
collected separately
(collected quantities in Austria 1993: 185,000 t)
70 68
66 67
65
specific quantities of organics 59
61
60
collected in househ. 1989-2004
53 54

50
45
43
Biowaste Ordinance (1992)
kg/cap.a

40
35

30

23
20

12
10
5 5
3

0
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Erwin Binner source: FWMP, 2001/2006 La Molina 2016

13

Planning Criteria Potential of Recyclables

Separate Collection of Waste Plastics
since introduction
spezifische of Packaging Ordinance
Sammelmengen (1992)
Kunststoffe in
plastics are collected separately
Haushalten in sterreich 1989 - 2004
(collected quantities in Austria 1993: 9,300 t)
16

specific quantities of plastics

14
collected in households 1989-2004
12
Packaging Ordinance (1992)
10
kg/cap.a

0
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
14 source: FWMP, 2001/2006

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 7

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Planning Criteria Potential of Recyclables

data collection / verification

separate collected recyclables in Austria households (FWMP, 2011):

amount amount amount collection quota

fraction 1993 2004 2009
1993 2004 2009
[kg/cap.a] [kg/cap.a] [kg/cap.a]
[%] [%] [%]
MSW 312 418 466
biowaste 23 67 90 24 52 72
paper 42 81 81 61 80 80
plastics 1 18 18 3 34 33
glass 20 25 25 80 70 78
wood n.d. 22 22 n.d. 72 70
metals 6 14 14 39 71 75

n.d. = no declaration
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
15

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Planning Criteria Step by Step

flexible system enhanced step by step

phase 1: immediate measures (e.g. 2017)
- dimensioning for waste amounts 2020
phase 2: realisation (e.g. 2020)
- dimensioning for waste amounts 2025,
adaption possible (changes in waste amounts,
efficiency of separate collection, )
phase 3: realisation (e.g.2025)
- dimensioning for waste amounts 2030,
advantages: investment costs over 5-10 years period
adaption possible (unsave assumptions)

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016

16

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 8

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Important Requirements

targets for production and disposal:

protection of humans (direct/indirect)

protection of animals and plants

protection of water

protection of soil

protection of atmosphere

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016

17

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Important Requirements

priorities for waste-management:

prevention

recovery

treatment + disposal

producer
responsibility !!
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
18

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 9

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Important Requirements

separate collection of biowaste:

high quality compost

definition of quality requirements

(soil protection) regulation!

reduction of landfilled waste (amount)

reduction of organics in landfilled waste

(reactivity)
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
19

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Important Requirements

regulations for landfills:

different types (depending on waste)

prevention of emissions (reduction of

reactivity, bottom liner)

treatment of emissions (leachate, gas)

long term behaviour !!

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
20

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 10

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Important Requirements

regulations for hazardous wastes:

prevention
(substitution, producer responsibility!)
separate collection
adequate treatment (reuse, recycling,
chemical/physical, thermal, disposal)

long term behaviour !!

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
21

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Important Requirements

Important Standards (norms) for Peru:

waste catalogue
hazardous wastes
limit values and methods for analyses
(wastes, compost, landfill behavior,
leaching tests, soil, water, atmosphere)

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016

22

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 11

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Requirements

simple technique:
low investment costs, low running costs,
independency from industrialised countries
(spare parts, service)

high efficiency (cost/benefit value)

(low leachate and gas emissions and low
costs)

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016

23

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Requirements

simple implementation:
possibly a problem may be separate
collection of recyclables collected
resources might be stolen

informal sector should be kept in mind:

scavengers may get jobs in sorting-,
composting- and MBT-plants

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016

24

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 12

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

Waste Management Concept for Peru

hazardous 2% MSW
compounds
49% 100 % 49%
bio bin residual waste
(sep. collect.)

29% 49%
anaerobic 49% manual
energy 5% (2-3 weeks) sorting

44% 30% 20%

CO2 20% aerobic shredding valuable

(16-20 weeks) (<250 mm) compounds
25%
biological 20%
agriculture treatment 10% CO2
(open windrow)
organic substance (humus) recycling
nutrients (N,P,K,..) 20%
positive soil effects (plastic, paper,
less landfill gas landfill metals, glass,)
Erwin Binner less gas and leachate, La Molina 2016
25 less volume

Waste Management Concept for Peru

Conclusions

look to industrialised countries:

learn from their experiences

do not repeat their mistakes

do not copy their systems and techniques

adapt them for your local conditions

Erwin Binner La Molina 2016

26

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 13

5. Congreso Residuos Slidos en el Peru
September 2016
Waste Management Concept for Peru

e.binner@boku.ac.at
http://www.wau.boku.ac.at
Sustainable MBT-Landfill

Muchas Miscantus

Gracias por
1-2 m mature compost

0,5 m non calcareous gravel

mechanical-biological
pretreated waste

Su Atencin
drainage system for surface runoff landfill liner (DVO)
free leachate discharge
Erwin Binner La Molina 2016
27

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 14