FM

15 marks module 1

1. Derive the expression for propulsive force and efficiency and condition for maximum eff. In case
of jet propulsion of the ship when the inlet orifices are at right angles to direction of motion of ship.
(17.5 pg 840)

2. The pressure difference OP in a pipe of diameter D and length l due to turbucent flow depends on
velocity v, viscosity (mew) , density row and pipe roughness K. Using Backingham's pi theorem
obtain an expression for delta P.

3. Derive the expression for propulsive force and efficiency in case of jet propulsion of the ship
when the inlet orifices face the direction of motion of ship.(17.5 pg 840)

4. The thrust P developed by a propeller depends upon the angular velocity W, speed of advance V,
diameter D, dynamic viscosity mew, mass density row, elasticity of the fluid medium which can be
denoted by speed of sound in medium C. Derive on the basis of dimensional analysis, suitable
parameters to represent the above system.

5. Derive the expression for force exerted and work done by an impinging jet on a curved plate
which moves in the dirrection of the jet.(17.4.3 pg 818)

6.a) What do you mean by dimensional homogeniety ? Explain with suitable examples. (12.3 pg
561)

b) Explain Buckingham's pi theorem of dimensional analysis. What are its advantages over
Rayleigh's method ? (12.3 pg 561)

7. The resisting force of a supersonic plane can be considered as dependent upon length of aircraft,
velocity, air viscosity, air density and bulk modulus of air. Express the functional relationship
between these variables and the resisting force.

8. A jet of water 80 mm diameter having a velocity of 18 m/s strikes normally a flat smooth plate.
Determine the force on the plate (a) if the plate is at rest (b) if the plate is moving in the same
direction of the jet with a velocity of 4 m/s. Find the work done per second on the plate and the
efficiency of the jet.

15 marks module 2

1. Derive the expression for work done and hydraulic efficiency of pelton turbine. Also derive
condition for maximum hydraulic efficiency. (18.6 pg 857)

2. The following data is given for a francis turbine net head = 70m, speed = 600rpm, shaft power =
370 kW, overall efficiency = 80%, hydraulic efficiency = 95%, flow ratio = 0.25, breadth ratio =
0.1, outter diameter of the runner = 2 times inner diameter. The thickness of the vanes occupy 10%
of the circumferential area of the runner, velocity of flow is constant and discharge is radial at the
outlet. Determine
1. Guide blade angle
2. Runner vane angles of inlet and outlet
3. Diameter of wheel at the inlet and outlet
4. Width of the wheel at inlet. (18.8 pg 896)

3. a) With a neat sketch explain the working principle of Francis tubine and derive expression for
hydraulic efficiency of the same. (18.8 pg 895)

b) Derive the expression for efficiency of draft tube. (18.10.3 pg 916)

4. A Kaplan turbine produces 30000kW under a head of 9.6m, while running at 65.2rpm. The
discharge through the turbine is 350m^3/s. The tip diameter of the runner is 7.4m. The hub diameter
is 0.432 times the tip diameter. Calculate
1. Turbine efficiency
2. Specific speed
3. Speed ratio (based on tip diameter)
4. Flow ratio (18.9 pg 906)

5. a) With neat sketch explain working of Kaplan turbine. (18.9.1 pg 905)

b) Define and derive the expression for

1. Reynold's number 2. Froude's number (12.8.1 12.8.2 pg 581)

6. A pelton turbine has a water supply rate of 5m^3/s at a head of 256m and runs at 500rpm.
Assuming overall efficiency of 85%, coefficient of velocity for nozzle as 0.985 and speed ratio of
0.46, calculate
1. Power output
2. Specific speed
3. No. Of jets
4. Diameter of the wheel
5. Jet diameter
6. No. Of pelton cups
7. Cup dimensions (18.6 pg 857)

7. A pelton wheel operates under a head of 274m. The jet diameter is 100mm, the coefficient of
velocity for the nozzle is 0.97, the ratio of bucket speed to jet speed is 0.47. The angle of deflection
of water passing over the buckets is 160 degree and the relative velocity is reduced by 10% in the
process. Calculate the diameter of the runner, the hydraulic efficiency and shaft power if the speed
is 600rpm and mechanical efficiency is 90%. (18.6 pg 857)

8. With neat sketch explain the components and working of Francis turbine. (18.8 pg 895)

15 marks module 3

1. With neat sketch explain the working principle of centrifugal pump. Also derive expression for
work done by the impeller on water per second per unit weight. (19.2 19.3 pg 945)

2. A centrifugal pump has the following dimensions : inlet radius 80mm, outlet radius 160mm,
width of the impeller at the inlet 50mm, inlet vane angle 0.45radians, outlet vane angle 0.25 radian.
Width of the impeller at the outlet 50m. Assuming shockless entry, determine the discharge and
head developed by the pump when the impeller rotates at 90rad/s.

3. a) Write a note on various losses and efficiencies of centrifugal pump. (ans in 5 mark)
b) Write a note on different type of casing of a centrifugal pump with neat sketches.
There two basic types of pump casings: volutes and diffusers.

Whether were talking about volutes or diffusers, what all casings have in common is that they are
designed to take energy in the form of velocity and convert it into pressure.

Volutes

Volutes are designed to capture the velocity of liquid as it enters the outermost diameter of an impeller
and convert the velocity of the liquid into pressure.
In the picture to the right, notice that the impeller is not located in the center of the volute. This is
intentional. The portion of the volute that extends closest to the impeller is called the cutwater.
You will notice, that starting from the cutwater and proceeding in a counter-clockwise fashion, the
distance between the volute and the impeller increases gradually. This has the effect of causing
pressure to build within the volute as the distance increases. Once the point of greatest separation is
reached directly next to the cutwater moving in clockwise direction the pressure is at its greatest,
and water is forced out the casing when it encounters the cutwater.

Diffusers

What a cutwater is to a volute, vanes are to a diffuser. While volutes only have one (or sometimes
two) points where the edge of the casing approaches the edge of the impeller in order to begin building
pressure, diffusers often have many vanes. In the case of the assembly drawing shown the diffuser
contains 10 vanes as compared the volute casing which only has one.
Also, while an impeller is placed in the center of a volute, an impeller generally sits directly adjacent to a
diffuser and pushes water into the diffuser vanes.

The basic function of a diffuser is similar to that of a volute. Diffuser vanes are positioned such that they
begin close to the outer edge of the impeller and then gradually extend away from the impeller
periphery.
4. Prove that the manometric head of a centrifugal pump running at a speed of N and giving a
discharge Q may be written as
Hmano = AN^2 + BNQ + CQ^2 where A,B,C are constants.

5. a) What do you mean by vortex flow? Explain free and forced vortex flow. (5.10 pg 193)
b) Write a note on caviation and seperation in pumps. (19.11 pg 980)

6. A centrifugal pump with 1.2 diameter runs at 200rpm and pumps 1880lits/s. The average lift
being 6m, the angles which the vanes make at the exit with the tanget to the impeller is 26 degree
and radial velocity of flow is 2.5m/s. Determine manometric efficiency and the least speed to start
pumping against a head of 6m. The inner diameter of the impeller being 0.6m.

7. Obtain an expression for work done by impeller of a centrifugal pump a water per second per unit
weight of water. (19.3 947)

8. The internal and external diameters of an impeller of a centrifugal pump are 200mm and 400mm
respectively. The pump is running at 1200rpm. The vane angles of the impeller at inlet and outlet
are 20 degree and 30 degree espectively. The water enters the impeller radially and velocity of flow
is constant. Determine the work done per unit weight of water.

15 marks module 4

1. A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger diameter of 250mm and stroke of 450mm and it
is driven with SHM at 60rpm. The length and diameter of delivary pipe are 60m and 100mm
respectively. Determine, power saved in over coming friction in the delivary pipe by fitting an air
vessel on the delivary side of the pump. Assume friction factor = 0.01.

2.a) Sketch and explain working of

1. Pressure intensifier
2. Hydraulic crane (21.4 21.7 pg 1051 1060)

3. a) In a single acting reciprocating pump the piston diameter is 25cm and the stroke is 0.45m. It
has an air vessel at the suction side, in which the mean water level is 05m below the center line of
the pump, but pipe length between air vessel and pump is 1.5m. The remaining pipe length on the
suction side is 10.5m. If the total static suction head is 3m, seperation is at 1.5m and atmospheric
head is 10.15m, find maximum speed of the pupm to avoid seperation. The friction coefficient of
pipe is 0.01 and suction pipe diameter is 12.5cm.
4. a) Draw an indicator diagram for single acting reciprocating pump. Show also the effect of
acceleration and friction on both suction and delivary side. Mention at what point in the diagram,
the seperation is likely to occur. (20.8 pg 1003)

b) Sketch and explain the working of

1. Hydraulic press
2. Torque convertor (21.2 21.9 pg 1041 1065)

5. Derive the expression for work done by reciprocating pump against friction with air vessel. Also
prove that work saved against friction in a single acting reciprocating pump fitted with air vessel is
84.8%. (20.3.2 pg 995)

6. Sketch and explain working principle of

1. Hydraulic crane
2. Hydraulic cooupling (21.7 21.8 pg 1060 1063)

7. A single acting reciprocating pump, running at 40rpm, delivers 8lps of water. The stroke is
400mm and diameter of piston is 200mm. Find the theoretical discharge, coefficient of discharge,
slip and percentage slip of the pump.

8. Write short notes on

1. Vane pump
2. Hydraulic ram
3. Hydraulic intensifies ( 21.5 21.41051 1053)