I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box.

There are more words in the

box than you need.

ABCo is an multimedia production company. It is successful and

it has already received several . . The company is ...
by two young businessmen. ABCo .. in the travel sector. It
many different services. You can learn about them when you visit
company website. The home page looks professional and has
links which you click on if you need more about the company.

owned prize provides specialist a specializes independence

the independent information providing own awards history

II. Vocabulary test Do you remember what expressions we found and used in Unit 1?
Match words from the two columns and try to make these expressions.

web code
bilingual manager
well-known recipes
computer ideas
dress design
promotions brands
preliminary school
cultural dictionary
cookery heritage
typical manufacturer

III. Complete these sentences with the expressions from exercise II.

1. A .. is useful for every language learner, but it`s

necessary for a beginner because it gives you the translation of every word.
2. IBM is a famous .
3. All employees have to wear formal clothes if the company has a . .
4. are not always the best, so if we want to be
successful we have to work on them and make them as good as it is possible.
5. Nike, Nokia and Mercedes are examples of .. . People
associate them with quality.
6. The beautiful old churches in Krakow are part of our ... .
7. The .. is responsible for marketing and advertising.
8. A .. is a good choice for people who want to work at a
restaurant.
9. More and more people have personal websites, but if you want to create a really good one
yourself, you should study .
10. In every women`s magazine you can find some .. . If
you don`t have much experience, they will help you make tasty dishes for your family.

IV. Word formation

Complete these sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. We think that people living in South America have a approach to
life. (relax)
2. In a traditional family, the man and the woman have different .
(responsible)
3. is a serious problem in many countries, so it`s important to
create new jobs. (employ)
4. A dictionary is a book which gives .. of words. (mean)
5. Germans are often seen as , rational and efficient. (practice)
6. If a fire breaks out, all the people in the burning building are .. .
(trap)
7. What do people of other nationalities have about Poland?
(associate)
8. The computer engineer made some interesting . but the boss
didn`t like any of them. (suggest)
9. University students who can`t live with their parents often miss home .
(cook)
10. Scotland is a small country which has launched its brand.
(successful)

V. Grammar Prepositions

It`s not good to look . every new word in a dictionary.

Many people go to work . public transport.
. the picture I can see a group of tourists.
My family consists . five people.
They set ....... the company a few years ago.
We can benefit . these changes.
I love watching interviews . well-known sportsmen.
They`re working . a project.
Jason is a colleague . mine.
What can people talk . when they meet professionally for the first time?

VI. Grammar Present Continuous, Present Simple

1. There is more work in a large city, so a lot of people . (commute) to

London from nearby towns and villages.
2. My friend and I . (think) of renting a flat in the suburbs because
we want to pay less for accommodation.
3. What (you, do) tonight?
4. I need to do some shopping. Our friends . (come) to dinner this
afternoon.
5. How .. (foreign visitors, see) Poland?
6. The job of a sales representative . (involve) travelling all over
the country and abroad.
7. Our travel agency (arrange) trips to exotic places such as
Japan, Singapore and Taiwan.
8. I love books. I (read) about Marco Polo at the moment.
9. It . (get) dark. Let`s turn on the light.
10. Could you explain what this word . (mean)?
I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box. There are more words in the box than you need.

A dot com company business over the Internet. To be ... ,

it must have a good website. An experienced web ... knows how to create an
interesting site. It probably costs a lot to .. a professional, but it`s worth it.
Anyone who wants to up an internet company will have to invest some
money in the business. It`s clear that he will have to look for .. and an
attractive website will help him find them. No matter what the company specializes in, it must
an effective site.

make designer launch success establish hire launched set

buyer employee customers does programmer successful

II. What are these called in English?

1. a reduction in the price of a product -

2. holidays organized by a travel agency - .
3. the time a woman spends at home before or after her baby is born -
4. the money you pay if you want to become a member of a club or an organization -
5. a short form of a word or phrase (e.g. USA) - ...
6. all the money that a person earns from work or receives from other sources in a period of time -

7. analysing the available information to say what the future will bring -
8. a consultant who does not have a permanent job and works when and where s/he wants -
....
9. a device which records messages from callers -
10. the meeting which some people have agreed on but it is possible that the time of the meeting will
be different than what they have decided on - ...

III. Word formation

Complete these sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. A person who works long hours and has no time for anything else is sometimes called a
. . (work)
2. the traffic wasn`t heavy and I was on time for the lecture. (fortune)
3. Before you go away on holiday, it`s good to get travel . (insure)
4. In some workplaces, employees have . for their personal things. (lock)
5. Who is the of Facebook? (found)
6. On average, women work fewer hours than men because some of them are in part-time
. . (employ)
7. The supermarket decided to end co-operation with one of its ... . (supply)
8. Social networking sites are very popular. This kind of business has developed very
. . (quick)
9. Colleagues are often on first-name terms. This makes the atmosphere ... .
(friend)
10. Many Polish companies would like to expand and operate in other .
countries. (Europe)

IV. Grammar Subject and object questions

For each sentence write a subject and an object question.

1. The generator produces electricity.

2. The owner of the transport company has laid off several lorry drivers.

3. Last week our CEO signed a big contract.

V. Grammar used to .. / be used to .. / get used to ..

Complete the sentences by writing the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. Drivers are not used to (walk).

2. We all used to . (have) more time.
3. Sooner or later you`ll get used to (watch) films without subtitles.
4. I never used to . (drink) tea without sugar, but I`ve stopped taking sugar
because I want to lose weight.
5. It takes some time to get used to . (get up) at 5 a.m.
6. I suppose that a sales representative is used to (travel) long distances.

VI. Grammar Present Perfect, Past Simple

1. I (meet) my best friend when we (be) at school.

2. Our sales (fall) since the crisis . (begin).
3. I ... (not have) any friends when I .. (come) here a few years
ago.
4. I (not finish) the project yet. So far I (do) one
experiment. I have to do one more and compare the results.
5. Julie (be) out of work for a few weeks. Her employer .....
(sack) her last month because he . (not be) satisfied with her work.

VII. Grammar What are the other forms of these irregular verbs? Can you write them correctly?

grow know be speak become take sell do give mean write say lose think- lead
cost see bring catch - learn swim find choose wear hold fly break draw get
understand make leave cut eat drink forgive shake spell build shut spend begin

VIII. Grammar Revision exercise

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets. These words should help you.

1. A: How long (you, have) a computer?

B: I . (buy) my first computer in 2003.
2. Miners are used to .. (wear) crash helmets.
3. In international corporations, they often (hold) meetings in English.
4. Their output (increase) to 200 cars per week since they
. (install) a new assembly line last year.
5. There used to .. (be) a camera repair shop here. Where is it now?
6. Have you heard? Jack (move) into a new flat recently and he
. (give) a housewarming party this coming Saturday.
7. A: Who . (arrange) flights for the Chief Executive Officer?
B: His secretary does.
8. A: What (help) you a lot?
B: My previous experience of the business did.
9. You have to get used to . (return) the books to the library on time.
10. A: Who (repair) the VCR?
B: The computer engineer has
I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box. There are more words in the
box than you need.

If you want to be successful in the . business world, you need

languages. You will deal with clients don`t speak the same
language as you. You can prepare for that but it`s not . . In fact,
learning a foreign language can be a lot than you think. It`s
better to start when you`re a . Then learning a language is
quicker, easier and you make .. better progress. Of course, you
can start as an .. but you will probably find learning more
difficult then.

which harder national adult young much difficult

teenagers child easy more hard who international

II. How do you say these numbers?

6m 250,000 3.5m 32,700 1.4m

76% 56.3% 2.4% 0.8%

III. Adjectives
Decide which of these adjectives are positive and which are negative.

rude encouraging decisive attentive intrusive

hostile responsible suspicious innovative flexible

IV. Word formation

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. The City is the . district of London. (finance)

2. , Japanese is very difficult to learn. (certain)
3. There are both advantages and disadvantages of learning a language with an
native-speaker teacher. (train)
4. In body language, nodding your head gently means that you are .. .
(support)
5. Hieroglyphs were . deciphered in 1822. (successful)
6. Scientists are worried because they think that in the future most of the world`s languages
will . (appear)
7. An expert is someone who has a thorough .. of the subject. (know)
8. It`s good to participate in a meeting or .. because people can share
their opinions. (discuss)
9. It`s not possible to offer free university .. and pay all the costs, so
students have to pay for accommodation, food and books. (educate)
10. people usually get payments from the state for a few months.
(employ)
V. Grammar Comparisons
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. For some students physics is a lot . (difficult) than mathematics.

2. During the economic crisis (few) tourists visited our country.
3. Traditional Hungarian dishes are not as (popular) as Italian
food.
4. In January, the days are slightly .. (long) than in December.
5. The company is going through a difficult time and their results this month are much
.. (bad) than a couple of weeks ago.
6. With a population of 7 million, London is (large) city in
Europe.
7. Students say that books should be (expensive).
8. The Baltic Sea is .. (far) from Krakow than the Tatra Mountains.
9. The Jagiellonian University isn`t as (old) as some other
universities in Europe, but it is (old) in Poland.

VI. Grammar Relative clauses

Complete the sentences with which, where, who, or whose.

1. The supplier . has just contacted us offers very attractive prices.

2. Computers are things . have revolutionized our lives.
3. The Sales Manager, . office is at the end of the corridor, is talking to some
employees about his plan to improve the delivery system.
4. The representatives of the company went to the conference . they presented the
company`s new model of a printer.
5. Korea manufactures electronic goods . other countries buy in large numbers.
6. Jeremy Smith, . is our accountant, is on sick leave till the end of the month.
7. England is one of the few countries . people drive on the left.
8. The taxi driver helped me get out of the car, . was very kind of him.
9. The producer of the assembly line reduced the price a little, . surprised the owner
of the factory.
10. The policeman gave a ticket to the woman . car was blocking the street.

VII. Grammar Revision exercise

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets. These words should
help you.

1. Our company is big. It .. (employ) 10,500 people.

2. The phone (ring). Can you answer it?
3. The boss is very happy today. He . (just, sign) a big contract.
4. .. (you, finish) the project yet?
5. As a child I used to (spend) summer holidays with my
grandparents.
6. The population of China is .. (high) in the world.
7. I learnt to drive at the age of 18. And you? When (you,
get) a driving licence?
8. In my opinion, skating is not as (enjoyable) as skiing.
9. I`m used to .. (do) homework late at night.
10. My new mobile is much (good) than the old one.
I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box. There are more words in the
box than you need.

For some of us shopping is a . of time. We .. it

because we have to. Groceries, vegetables, fruit, cosmetics and newspapers are things
.. we all buy regularly. Shopping is quick and easy when there are no
queues and the customers are .. . But it can be a
experience if you are at the supermarket in the middle of Saturday and everybody
. trying to buy enough food and cleaning products for the coming week.
If you also do your shopping . at the weekend, remember to use a card.
It hurts less than if you pay cash. And when you have put everything into the boot of your car,
go to the caf and get a cup of coffee. Now you can relax and forget about shopping until next
Saturday.

waste unpleasant make which major indecisive is

whose decisive are terrible lost do mainly

II. Write synonyms for these words and expressions.

shops - ................................... old people - ..

at once - present (trends) - ..
almost - . a little - .........
a fall - ... behaviour - ...
at the present time (in contrast with the past) people who don`t work any more because of
... age - ....

III. Translate into English.

odsetek mczyzn w wieku 40 50 lat - .

gwatowny wzrost cen ywnoci - ...
energooszczdne lampy - .
le opacani robotnicy fabryczni - ...
niebezpieczne sztuczne chemikalia - ...

IV. Word formation

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. Another name for customers is . . (shop)

2. Zakopane is a holiday destination. (fashion)
3. How many people work in the industry? (manufacture)
4. Electric cars are - friendly. (environment)
5. markets are particularly attractive for investors. (grow)
6. income is the same as post-tax income. (dispose)
7. May is . the time when Polish university students organize
Juvenalia. (tradition)
8. ... costs can be a small part of the final price of a product. (produce)
9. The shop assistant should be friendly to customers and always answer their questions
. . (polite)
10. Responsible tourism is still a new concept but it`s gaining .. .
(popular)
V. Answer these questions.

1. Why is the birth rate falling in developed countries?

.
2. Which groups of people are big spenders?
.
3. Should shops stay open all night? Why/Why not?
.
4. When will Polish customers become ethical consumers?
.
5. Which region in Poland is the most famous for its cuisine?
.

VI. Help these people by giving them some advice.

1. Jenny: I have put on some weight recently.

You: I think you should

2. Brian: I`ve called my brother a few times, but he hasn`t answered the phone even once.
You: Why don`t you ..

3. Alice: I`ve already spent all my money and I have to pay the rent. What can I do?
You: I would suggest that you

4. Greg: It takes me an hour and a half to get to the university from where I live.
You: Have you thought of ..

5. Julie: I want to work for a big corporation, so I have to improve my language skills.
You: My advice would be to ..

VII. Grammar Revision exercise

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. These words should
help you.

1. Output usually . (fall) dramatically when companies can`t sell

their products.
2. There (be) a slight increase in domestic sales since the beginning
of the year.
3. Last year their turnover reached 2m and was (high) in the
history of the company.
4. These days people . (get) married later.
5. After a sudden decrease in July, unemployment figures .. (level off).
6. In the 19th century, working conditions in factories used to .. (be)
much harder than they are today.
7. Poland ... (become) a member of the European Union on 1st May 2004.
8. The market for luxury cars .. (grow) recently.
9. The overall cost of translation and interpretation (rise) sharply
after the enlargement of the EU in 2004.
10. Grandma wants to learn to operate a computer, so she is on a course. She says it`s hard
work but she . (enjoy) it a lot.
I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box. There are more words in the
box than you need.

The Sunflower Hotel is just a kilometres from the city centre. It has
good conference . and 56 rooms. They are designed to
the needs of international business travellers. Each room has
and cable TV. Also, all the rooms have high-speed Internet
. In their free time, the guests can go swimming, relax or do a
workout because in the hotel there is a , a health spa and a fitness
centre. The main advantage of the hotel is its . location. It is very
close to the lake and the forest.

features court access meet pool relaxing air-conditioned

several fabulous few air-conditioning connect met facilities

II. Explain in English what these words and expressions mean.

sports facilities .
leisure ...
an answerphone
the resort ..
an invoice .
to encourage sb to do sth .
discounts ..
the bakery .
the company helpline ...
currently ...

III. Word formation

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. In the health spa, they put .. mud on the body to make the skin
look better. (volcano)
2. Every delegate has received a copy of the conference
programme. (update)
3. Watching TV is still one of the most popular leisure ... . (active)
4. A mobile is a useful thing, but it has some , too.
(advantage)
5. Students work more ... when they are interested in the task.
(effective)
6. The hotel is under new because last month Mr Jackson
sold it to a French businesswoman. (manage)
7. We dont want any .. problems. (necessary)
8. Before sportsmen take part in the Olympic Games, they test themselves in many
. (compete)
9. The feedback shows if people are satisfied with the
service. (question)
10. I`m afraid the boss is .. because he has gone to London on
business. (available)
IV. Grammar Passive Voice
These words will help you guess the tense.

1. The parcel .. yesterday. (deliver)

2. The hotel is in the south of Spain, so the guests .. year-round
sunshine. (guarantee)
3. The speaker is in hospital, so the session . (cancel)
Everybody knows this because we have contacted all the participants by email or by phone.
4. This week I`m going to work by public transport because my car
by the mechanic. (repair)
5. English exams at our university .. three times a year. We
think it`s enough. (organize)
6. Don`t worry that you don`t know the building. The representative of the company will
meet you at the entrance and you .. round the building. (show)
7. I . the documents by the secretary when I went to their
office a couple of days ago. (give)
8. A: It`s a pity, we don`t have the underground. When ?
(it, build)
B: Perhaps in the next decade.
9. We use mobiles for talking to people, but they .. for other
things, too. (can, use)
10. The library (currently, extend), so for some time we
can`t borrow books.

V. Grammar Revision exercise

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets. These words should
help you.

1. The journey from the airport to the city centre always a long
time. (take)
2. Last year our profits .. by 4.5%. (rise)
3. English by millions of people. (speak)
4. I`m not used to long hours. (work)
5. So far I . abroad twice, but I`d like to travel more. (be)
6. Politicians and demographers are worried because fewer babies are born, so in many
countries the birth rate .. . (fall)
7. I want to change my seven-year-old Fiat and buy a car which is much .
(economical)
8. What in 1492? (happen)
Columbus discovered America.
9. Two new managers .. recently by the company.
(recruit)
10. The main banks .. in the centre of the city.
(usually, locate)
I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box. There are more words in the
box than you need.

Life is not always easy for people who move to country. They
might have many . . Why? It`s because living in a ..
country is different from visiting it for a short period. Immigrants are ...
from home and friends, so there`s nobody to help them when they are in trouble. They need
. , jobs, even schools for their children. Also, it ...
a long time to adapt to the new situation and get to know the culture, tradition and customs of
the new country. If they to solve all their problems, they will
probably be satisfied with their new life.

difficulty manage another foreigner flat can takes

foreign take difficulties accommodation out other away

II. Use a, an or --- before these expressions.

.. access road .. conservation awareness

.. running water .. dive sites
.. temporary accommodation .. interesting lecture
.. 3-month vacation .. bad experiences
.. stressful environment .. wealthy family
.. round-the-world trip .. extensive range of activities
.. smart hotels .. connecting flight
.. work experience .. domestic flights
.. early retirement .. voluntary work
.. qualified scuba instructor .. office furniture

III. Choose the correct word.

1. Our company helps people make/do positive changes in the way they manage their lives.
2. Here`s a simple piece of advise/advice.
3. A lot of people complain on/about their situation.
4. Some adults take a gap year to improve/benefit their job prospects.
5. We`re trying a complete/completely new method.

IV. Word formation.

Complete these sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1.It`s difficult to get a job if you don`t have any . (qualify)

2. An person likes doing exciting things and taking risks.
(adventure)
3. An interesting CV can make you more .. . (employ)
4. Successful people think . . (creative)
5. My brother works for an . company. (engineer)
6. Say which option you prefer and give reasons for your .
(choose)
7. It`s good that we already have the .. to the problem.
(solve)
8. There are many poor people in .. countries in Africa.
(develop)
9.The job of the secretary is to help the manager, so she has to make
when he needs some. (photocopy)
10. Throw the newspaper away if it`s . . (use)

V. Grammar Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect

1. The meeting did not take place because the manager .. (fall) ill.
2. There was a terrible traffic jam this morning and I .. (come) late
for work.
3. The phone rang when the secretary (check) emails. She had to
stop reading.
4. The session . (start) by the time the delegates from Gdask
. (arrive).
5. I (not hear) the phone because I ..
(work out) at the gym and my mobile was in my bag in the locker.

VI. Grammar Gerund, Infinitive

1. I`m not very good at (make) plans.

2. Remember .. (return) the book before you leave the reading room.
3. What do you enjoy (do) after work?
4. I love (travel) and would love .. (go)
to Paris this summer.
5. Avoid .. (make) notes in books.
6. I hope you don`t mind .. (answer) a few personal questions.
7. Many office workers are used to (keep) documents on their
desk.
8. The manager stopped reading .. (answer) the phone.
9. We look forward to . (see) you soon again.
10. Stop (worry). Next time you will pass the exam.

VII. Grammar Revision exercise

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets. These words should
help you.

1. In the UK, a lot of young people take gap years before . (start)
university.
2. When Chris moved to Spain in 1988, he .. (buy) there an old farm.
3. Big parties .. (organize) on New Year`s Eve every year.
4. What .. (you, do) this time yesterday?
5. At weekends the traffic is .. (heavy) than on weekdays.
6. What . (happen) on 1st September 1939?
World War II broke out.
7. In Japan, the proportion of single women in their 30s .. (rise)
steadily. The same tendency is in many other countries.
8. Many Polish engineers ... (emigrate) since Poland joined the EU.
9. Second-year students often say that they (forget) a lot of
English that they learnt at school.
10. When I left home, I realized that I (leave) the car keys on the
kitchen table.
I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box. There are more words in the box than
you need.

Dear Jack,

Thank you for asking me for on how to give a successful talk. I have been
to. conferences, so I have a lot of experience. I`m happy that I can share it with you.
First of all, decide what information you want to .. in your talk.
. , think about how you are going to present it. Also, it`s important to divide your speech into
logical . . I hope you`re going to use some equipment. What will it be? ,
try to speak loudly and clearly. The audience will get impatient if they can`t follow you.
I trust my suggestions will help you. I wish you . luck and I keep my fingers
crossed for you.

Best wishes,
Alice

PS
Remember to dress smartly.

much include end advise thirdly good sections

advice part secondly god content finally many

II. Word formation

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. , our objective is to encourage a lot of people to buy our product. (obvious)

2. Giving is an important skill today. (present)
3. Mathematics and physics are never subjects at a technical university.
(option)
4. Our bookshops are full of guidebooks which offer suggestions on almost
every aspect of life. (practice)
5. The secretary had waited for the boss to finish a telephone before she
asked him a question. (converse)
6. Warsaw has about two million . (inhabit)
7. Manhattan is famous for its skyscrapers. (soar)
8. Shopping is easier after Christmas because there are sales and prices are
low. (reasonable)
9. One argument for large shopping centres is that they offer a .. of goods in one
place. (various)
10. .. to differences between nations may help us understand other people and
avoid some problems. (sensitive)

III. Grammar Modals

Find and correct grammar mistakes in these sentences.

1. There is still some time, so he don`t have to finish the report today.

2. When I was at school, I must attend the lessons and excuse all my absences.

3. Today Polish citizens mustn`t apply for a visa when they want to go to Germany or the UK.

4. You should to think twice before you decide to emigrate.

5. It`s great that you have been offered such a big pay rise. Now you will have not to get a second job.

6. When there are dean`s hours, students don`t need go to classes or lectures.

7. Everybody have to stick to the rules.

8. You needn`t to tell me about it if you don`t want to.

9. The car was driving so fast that the traffic policeman must to stop it.

10. Nobody can`t park in the place where there is a No parking sign.

IV. Complete the sentences with the correct word from the list. Sometimes you can use more than one
word.

advisable forbidden obligatory recommended

allowed necessary permitted required

1. Builders are .. to wear crash helmets.

2. Our hotel is very popular with holidaymakers, so it`s to make a
reservation early.
3. We`re not . to smoke in public places.
4. Laboratory classes are .. , so students may not miss any.
5. It is . to exceed the speed limit.
6. There`s going to be a thunderstorm, so it`s .. to close the windows.
7. This model is better than the other ones, so it`s highly .
8. What electronic devices are students .. to use in class?
9. These days it`s not .. for us to travel to western Europe with a passport. It`s
enough to take an ID.
10. It isn`t difficult to get a job in a fast food restaurant. Very often no previous experience is
.. .

V. Grammar Revision exercise

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets. These words should help you.

1. A: What (you, do) tonight?

B: I (go out) with friends, but I don`t know where yet.
2. Riding on a skateboard without a helmet and pads is much ..
(dangerous) than when you protect your head and body.
3. Although we`re used to (live) without much sunlight in the winter,
many people feel unhappy and complain about short dark days.
4. The photocopier broke down last week. Unfortunately it (not,
repair) yet.
5. When I (surf) the Internet for information about leisure centres, I found
some interesting job advertisements for a fitness instructor and a lifeguard.
6. A shy person is rather quiet and usually .. (find) it difficult to speak in
public.
7. A lot of teenagers spend their free time .. (play) computer games.
8. The firefighters left the fire station soon after they (receive) a phone
call with information about an explosion.
9. Don`t worry. I remembered . (switch off) the iron.
10. The manager is on sick leave because he .. (catch) a bad cold.
I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box. There are more words in the
box than you need.

Both . and companies can help people in poor countries. Voluntary

support and money given by companies can improve the quality of life of
of ordinary people. There are still many places where not everyone ...
access to clean water and sanitation. Water is used not only for ., we
need it to wash or cook with. Without clean water there is no hygiene, so any ..
spreads quickly. The main .. is to help people by providing safe
water to drink, wash and cook with. But it`s also very important to ..
sanitation and help the local people remove waste.

men drinking priorities disease hundreds have providing

thousand illnesses individuals has provide priority drink

II. Use the words from the list below to complete expressions in the two columns.

poverty aims events effective rural education urgent

organizations data disposal human communities surprising expectancy

collection independent
.... areas life ..
line special
waste local .
sanitation hygiene .
statistics general .
request sewage .

III. What do the underlined words and letters mean?

key organizations - ...

HR people - ..
an enormous bill -
unforeseen risks - .
shared computers - ...
a luxurious hotel -

IV. Word formation

Complete these sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. If you don`t want to pay bills yourself, you can set up standing orders and the bank will
transfer money . from your account. (automatic)
2. Mass media raise people`s ... of many problems. (aware)
3. The job of the professional .. involves a lot of travelling and is
exciting because you can meet some interesting people. (photograph)
4. PIN is the same as Personal . Number. (identify)
5. An urban renewal plan can transform ugly areas into very
attractive ones. (imagine)
6. How popular is texting in business .. ? (communicate)
7. Airlines, hotels and restaurants are major .. in the summer
months when large numbers of people go away on holiday. (benefit)
8. In some ways it is convenient when the company pays your salary
into your bank account. (direct)
9. For many countries the Olympics were an success. (economy)
10. .. species will disappear if we don`t do enough to protect them.
(danger)

V. Grammar Talking about the future

1. The flight to Rome .. (leave) at 8.15 am.

2. I`m afraid Mrs Jenkins can`t see you then. She . (give) a talk
from 10.15 to 11.15. How about the afternoon?
3. The sky is very cloudy. There .. (be) a thunderstorm.
4. What time (the next lecture, start)?
5. I hope he (get) this message on time.
6. A: Would you like something to eat?
B: I .. (have) a sandwich, please.
7. A: Let`s go to the movies after work.
B: I`d love to, but I can`t. I . (see) my dentist then.
8. Where .. (you, go) for the winter holidays this year?
9. Even if the price of the new drug is low, many people
not, be) able to buy it.
10. I`m thirsty. I (have) a cup of coffee.

VI. Grammar Revision exercise

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets. These words should
help you.

1. Smoking in public places . (forbid), so we are not allowed

to smoke at a caf or at a bus stop.
2. I`m tired. I think I (have) an early night.
3. The Red Cross . (rely) heavily on volunteers, so every year a
lot of young people contact the organization and offer their help.
4. In the past, fewer school leavers were interested in (go) to
university.
5. When the factory closed down, all the people working there .. (lose)
their jobs.
6. The divorce rate (increase) again. Now the figure is well over
20%.
7. I missed the bus because I .. (leave) home late.
8. In our company there is a friendly atmosphere and most of us (be)
on first-name terms.
9. Look at these clouds! It . (rain).
10. Instead of . (say) Yes, he nodded.
I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box. There are more words in the box than
you need.

. the future of our planet is not an easy task. Very often our predictions are not
. . We try to .. the present situation and we can do it well
because we know our problems. , the future may surprise us greatly. We
know how to exploit and damage the environment, but we are . to control the
forces of nature. The same applies to people. . introduce laws, but they never
know how citizens will react or behave if they don`t accept the new regulations. In fact, people can be
as .... as nature.

predict although analyse able however inaccurate governments

accurate unable government predictable predicting analysis unpredictable

II. Use the adjectives from the list below to complete the phrases. The meaning of the missing
adjective is given in brackets.

current peaceful essential alternative daily enormous

major solar unlikely major financial

1. . pipelines (important)
2. services (basic, necessary)
3. ... life (happening every day)
4. ... panels (using the energy from the sun)
5. ... trends (present)
6. ... sources of labour (different from what we have used so far)
7. ... issues (connected with money)
8. predictions (not probable)
9. pressure (great, strong)
10. .. demonstrations (not violent)

III. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1. Our economy is still dependent . coal.

2. Scientists predict that sooner or later we will run . . fossil fuels.
3. Bad habits put our health . risk.
4. The number . elderly people is higher than in the past.
5. Retired people hope that in the near future their pensions will increase at least . 5%.
6. It takes a long time to bring . a child.
7. In some countries there is a shortage . qualified teachers.
8. We always associate the rush hour . heavy traffic.
9. It`s convenient when one of the rooms in the flat has access . a balcony.
10. Our new policy is aimed . increasing our profits.

IV. Translate into English

parali komunikacyjny - .
odnawialne rda energii -
okres 2 tygodni -
stal nierdzewna -

V. Word formation
Complete these sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Young people have a limited budget and need .. accommodation. (afford)
2. The model of the family is disappearing. (tradition)
3. Fuel is greater than ever before. (consume)
4. Although there are advantages to living in the student hostel, some students look for
. accommodation and decide to rent a flat. (depend)
5. It`s rather to sit on a chair for many hours, so office workers should often
stand up and get some exercise. (comfort)
6. Congratulations! I`ve just heard that you`re going to get . .
(promote)
7. Well-. walls can protect our house from noise and can help reduce our
bills for central heating. (insulate)
8. A tiny flat is . for one person, not for a family. (suit)
9. The main . of living on the top floor is that you get a better view of the
area. (attract)
10. The economic situation will .. improve when the present crisis is over.
(certain)

VI. Grammar: Conditionals (I, II) and Time clauses

1. I`m afraid the manager can`t see you now but I (tell) him about your visit
when he . (come) back to his office.
2. If parents . (not work) long hours, they .. (have) more time
for their children. Unfortunately, a lot of people finish work late in the afternoon and this isn`t going to
change soon.
3. When scientists . (find) a cure for cancer, doctors . (save)
the lives of many patients.
4. If my flat .. (be) bigger, I (have) more space to entertain
friends.
5. (Teacher to students before the lecture): I . (air) the room before I
. (let) you in.
6. If life expectancy (increase), we .. (need) more day
care centres and nursing homes for the elderly.

VII. Grammar Revision exercise

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets. These words should help you.

1. One day we`ll have a female President. When this (happen), journalists
(talk) about a revolution in the political life of the country.
2. If I .. (speak) three or four foreign languages, I (be)
multilingual.
3. A: Do you know who .. (invent) the telephone?
B: A.G.Bell did.
4. As soon as he (lock) the door, he realized he (not
take) his ID card.
5. I look forward to .. (receive) a reply from you.
6. I don`t want to make the wrong decision, so I (ask) the bank clerk for advice
before I .. (decide) which account to open.
7. Jack .. (just, ask) me to lend him 70. He says he
(already, spend) all his money and badly needs some to pay the rent.
8. One of the advantages of (host) a major sporting event is job creation.
9. Some people fear that if prices and taxes . (go up) dramatically, there
.. (be) riots.
10. The DVD player broke down last week. .... (it, fix) yet?
I. Complete the text. For each gap use one word from the box. There are more words in the box than
you need.

Central Europe is a region where a lot has changed .. 1980. In that year the trade
union Solidarity was .. under the leadership of Lech Wasa. Its aim was to
make the Polish government introduce significant .. and economic reforms. Poland
had to wait for almost a decade before those changes could take . The events in
Poland facilitated changes in the neighbouring countries. In 1989, the Berlin Wall was
.. and this led to the reunification of Germany. In the same year there was a
velvet revolution in Czechoslovakia and Vaclav Havel, the opposition leader, became the first
president of post- .. Czechoslovakia.
Although today there are some serious problems in all the countries situated in Central Europe,
their citizens know the .. of the changes which began over 30 years ago.

politics in place communist destroyed started part

value fell began since communism devaluation political

II. Word formation

Complete these sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. It isn`t .. that more and more people are learning Chinese. (surprise)
2. We can attract foreign investors by eliminating .. problems. (bureaucracy)
3. Jessica is a 29-year-old .. , currently working in Paris. (economy)
4. The standard of is much higher in developed countries than in developing
ones. (live)
5. Young people usually show less .. to change. (resist)
6. Make your CV complete and attractive by including all your .. . (achieve)
7. Every manufacturer makes an of production costs. (assess)
8. Being is a valuable strength. (resource)
9. In some companies employees make backup copies of computer files on a .................
basis. (day)
10. To my great disappointment, the conference was a complete ... . (fail)

III. In each section complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in italics.

1. succeed
I am sorry to inform you that your application has not been .
So you`ve in getting the grant. Congratulations!
Systematic work is the key to . .

2. satisfy
The company increased output, which . the demand for their products.
Good morning. I`m calling to express my . with the washing machine
which I bought from your company last week. It doesn`t work properly!
This time your report is .. , so you won`t have to rewrite it.

3. courage
The results of your experiment are . and I am pleased with your work.
The purpose of tickets given by the police is to .. drivers from breaking the
traffic regulations.
The employee felt .. when the boss praised him in public.

4. agree
I`m afraid I .. with you.
When you sign the .. , please send it to us.
Thank you for .. to help me.

5. motivate
In bad weather many people feel sleepy and become .. .
Ambition is a strong .. factor.
When I was at school, my teachers me regularly by expressing positive
comments about my work.
Highly .. students often have better exam results.

6. perform
The employer can reward the worker`s with a cash bonus.
A modern computer .. many tasks extremely fast.

IV. Grammar - Present Perfect Continuous vs Present Perfect Activity or result?

1. Our sales (rise) steadily since the beginning of the year and our
profits. (go up) by 10%.
2. We set up the company in 2005. We .. (make) silver jewellery since
then. I don`t have the exact figures with me but we (sell) lots of rings,
chains and bracelets so far.
3. A: How long (you, learn) English?
B: For several years. Although it`s a long period of time and I ..... (learn)
a lot, my English is not perfect yet.
4. Do you know if the delivery man .. (bring) the pizza?
5. I .. (not find) an answer to your problem. I ...
(think) about it ever since you told me but I still don`t know what you should do.
6. A: How many replies (you, receive)?
B: Not even one. I .. (check) the email box a few times, but nobody
(send) me an email yet.
7. The car industry . (boom) for some time.
8. I don`t understand why the software technician ... . (resign)
9. I .. (just, hear) that they have a job vacancy.
10. John .. (overwork). This is the reason why he is exhausted.

V. Grammar Revision exercise

Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the word in brackets. These words should help you.

1. Do you think it would be good if we . (have) more footbridges across the

Vistula in Krakw?
2. The PIN number . (should, keep) secret by every cardholder.
3. A lot of people will apply for a bank loan if the interest rate . (go down).
4. The owner of the car factory (just, announce) his plan to lay off
some workers.
5. Every day Eurostar (travel) through the tunnel under the English
Channel and . (carry) passengers between London and France or Belgium.
6. The economy of China (develop) fast in recent years, so the
quality of life is higher and higher there.
7. When the summer examination session (be) over, many students will
start looking for a job.
8. Jack keeps changing jobs. Does he know how many jobs he . (have) until
now?
9. We look forward to .. (welcome) you in our company next week.
10. I .. (choose) to study at this university because I had heard some
favourable opinions about it.
 SPEAKING PRACTICE (1)

FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend have arranged to do a summer job in London. It will start in three
months. Talk to your friend and discuss how to improve your spoken English before you go.

Discuss the skills you particularly need to focus on.

Should you:

1) watch English films on a regular basis (with or without English subtitles?)

2) find an English-speaking pen friend (how?)

3) read books and newspapers in English (which?)

4) start watching the BBC news service on a regular basis (how often?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

To improve your English skills, you and your friend have decided to take an intensive course
in a language school in Krakow. Discuss with your partner what you should think about to
choose the school well:

1) location (close to the AGH-UST or to your place of residence?)

2) timetable (the number of classes per week, 90 or 60 minutes long)

3) type of the course (General English or Business English, or ESP)

4) teacher (Polish or an English native speaker?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (2)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend want to organise a class reunion. Talk to your friend and discuss what
preparations you should make.

Discuss

1) how many former classmates to invite

2) how to contact your former classmates

3) where to hold a reunion (in the city or in the country; in a caf or a pub/club etc. - why?)

4) what date to choose for it (why?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

You and your friend have finally decided to organise your class reunion in the mountains.
Talk to your friend and discuss what preparations you should make.

Discuss

1) where to go (why?)

2) type of accommodation you need (a hotel, a mountain hostel, a friends cottage or tents -
why?)

3) what everyone should bring (why?)

4) best time of the year for the reunion (why?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (3)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend are Recruitment Officers in a headhunting company. Talk to your
colleague and discuss what features of character candidates for these jobs should have.

1) IT specialist (e.g. a web designer, a programmer)

2) project manager

3) engineer

4) personal assistant

5) ...................... [your own choice of a job]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

You and your friend are Recruitment Officers. You have to choose the best candidate to work
as Sales Representative for a big international company. Before the interviews discuss the
ideal Sales Representative profile:

Should the ideal Sales Representative:

be a university graduate
be a good team player
be ready to work at weekends
be able to speak a foreign language
be persuasive
enjoy working in an office environment?
....................... [your own ideas]

____________________________

Imagine you have just interviewed four candidates. Look at the notes you took during the
interviews and discuss your final choice.

Candidates Name Strong points Weak points

Alice Encouraging, flexible, motivated, Indecisive, disorganised,

outgoing speaks two foreign languages
at the basic level only

Steve Analytical, responsible, confident, Neutral, unsupportive, quiet,

thorough lacks initiative

Claire Friendly, communicative, has Unpunctual, dressed casually,

travelled widely, speaks Spanish inattentive, too lively

Hugh Enthusiastic, innovative, speaks two Intrusive, unsystematic, self-

foreign languages, has two years centred, seems too easy-going
experience in Sales

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (4)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend want to follow a healthy lifestyle. Discuss what you should and should
not do to be fit and healthy:

1) work out in the gym regularly

2) take up a cooking course

3) join a yoga club

4) become a vegetarian

5) ................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

You and your best friend have found out that another friend is feeling stressed. Discuss what
advice you could give him/her to unwind:

1) listen to relaxing music (what kind?)

2) go for long walks (where and how often?)

3) get a pet (what animals are not a good choice and why?)

4) start exercising on a regular basis (what sports?)

5) ............................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (5)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend are organisers of an official meeting of representatives of the AGH
student associations and representatives of British student associations. The aim of the
meeting is to discuss exchange and scholarship programmes.

Discuss:

1) when to hold the meeting (month / date / time of day why?)

2) where to hold the meeting (AGH student campus / university buildings / outside?)

3) how many representatives to invite (from which universities?)

4) how much earlier to invite the representatives (why?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

You and your friend are have made your first decisions about the organisation of the meeting
of representatives of the AGH student associations and representatives of British student
associations. You have decided that it is going to be a two-day event.

Discuss the programme:

1) length of each session

2) number of coffee breaks

3) accommodation for the British representatives (hotel / AGH student campus?)

4) entertainment and accompanying events

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (6)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend have just been offered a one-term scholarship at a British university. It
will start in six months. Talk to your friend and discuss what preparations you should make
before you go.

Discuss:

1) how to improve your English quickly (which skills to focus on particularly?)

2) how to find accommodation (the university does not provide it)

3) how to get to Britain (by coach/plane/ship)

4) what documents you need (your health insurance, international student ID, library card etc)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

Six months have passed. You have arrived in Britain. This is your first day at your British
university. Your teacher has asked both of you to make a short presentation introducing
yourselves to your new group. Discuss with your friend what information you want to give
about your background. Should you talk about:

1) your family background

2) your first impressions of Britain

3) your studies in Poland

4) your hobbies & interests?

5) ................................. [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (7)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend have been asked by your professor to look after a group of English
students who will come to Krakow under a student exchange programme. You are expected to
give them some basic information about studying at the AGH University of Science and
Technology from the student perspective.

Discuss:

1) what is obligatory and what is not

2) what is permitted and what is not

3) what is advisable and what is not

4) what is absolutely forbidden

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

The English students have arrived and have asked you to recommend the best ways of
spending free time in Krakow. Discuss what you can advise them to do:

1) go to the gym (where?)

2) see a film (in a multiplex or in the city centre?)

3) go to a rock concert (where?)

4) go jogging (where?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (8)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend want to do some voluntary work.

Discuss what you can do:

1) work for sick children (where?)

2) join an environmental campaign (what kind?)

3) help with a cultural event (what kind?)

4) collect money for animal shelters (how?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

You and your friend have decided to help a group of five children aged 10 to 12 from poor
families.

Discuss what you can do for them:

1) help them with schoolwork (which subjects?)

2) take them to a sporting event (what event and where?)

3) teach them a new skill (what kind?)

4) take them on a trip (where?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (9)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend need to find accommodation for the new academic year. You both live
30 kilometres away.

Discuss the pros and cons of your options:

1) staying with your parents and commuting every day

2) staying with your elderly aunt/uncle

3) renting a flat in town

4) staying in a student hostel at the AGH campus

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

You and your friend have decided to rent a flat in town together and share the cost.

Discuss your arrangements:

1) location (where and why?)

2) number of rooms

3) how to share the cost (divide it in half?)

4) arrange the cleaning (who does what and when?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (10)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend are co-owners of a small advertising company. You employ 15 workers.
You need to boost your employees morale.

Discuss how it can be done. Should you:

1) give your employees feedback (how often?)

2) dismiss poor performers (how to select them?)

3) give pay bonuses to the best performers (how to select them?)

4) offer a gym pass to the best performers (free or discounted?/ how many times a week?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

You and your friend have decided that the best way to motivate your employees is to send
them on an integration trip.

Discuss your arrangements:

1) number of participants (why?)

2) location (why?)

3) means of transport (why?)

4) programme (entertainment?)

5) ...................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (11)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1
You and your friend are starting an advertising company.

Discuss:

1) your field of activity (advertisements in newspapers, commercials on TV or on the

internet?)

2) number of employees (reasons?)

3) working hours (flexible or fixed why?)

4) work in an office or from home (why?)

5) ........................ [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

Bad news! Your advertising company has gone bankrupt. Discuss with your business partner
what you should have done differently and why.

Should you have:

1) offered your employees better earnings?

2) dismissed poor performers?

3) advertised your company more aggressively?

4) offered more hands-on training to your employees?

5) .......................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 SPEAKING PRACTICE (12)
FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY

PART 1

You and your friend are preparing a student debate on the problems of the modern world.

Discuss which problems you should focus on and why:

1) global warming

2) overpopulation in the Third World countries

3) ageing societies in the developed countries

4) information overload

5) ........................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.

 PART 2

You and your friend have decided to include another issue in your debate: crime.

To prepare for the debate, discuss:

1) why some people are aggressive

2) how crime affects the society

3) how to prevent crime

4) how to help people from poor families

5) ........................... [your own ideas]

Be ready to share your ideas with the rest of the class.