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Chapter-1 8: A television broadcast is an 15: _______ are special-interest

1: The _______ is the physical path example of _______ transmission. groups that quickly test, evaluate, and
over which a message travels. a. simplex standardize new technologies.
a. Protocol b. half-duplex a. Forums
b. Medium c. full-duplex b. Regulatory agencies
c. Signal d. automatic c. Standards organizations
d. All the above d. All of the above
9: A _______ connection provides a
2: The information to be dedicated link between two devices. 16: Which agency developed
communicated in a data a. point-to-point standards for physical connection
communications system is the b. multipoint interfaces and electronic signaling
_______. c. primary specifications?
a. Medium d. secondary a. EIA
b. Protocol b. ITU-T
c. Message 10: In a _______ connection, more c. ANSI
d. Transmission than two devices can share a single d. ISO
link.
3: Frequency of failure and network a. point-to-point 17: _______ is the protocol suite for
recovery time after a failure are b. multipoint the current Internet.
measures of the _______ of a c. primary a. TCP/IP
network. d. secondary b. NCP
a. Performance c. UNIX
b. Reliability 11: In _______ transmission, the d. ACM
c. Security channel capacity is shared by both
d. Feasibility communicating devices at all times. 18: _______ refers to the structure or
a. simplex format of the data, meaning the order
4: An unauthorized user is a network b. half-duplex in which they are presented.
_______ issue. c. full-duplex a. Semantics
a. Performance d. half-simplex b. Syntax
b. Reliability c. Timing
c. Security 12: In the original ARPANET, _______ d. All of the above
d. All the above were directly connected together.
a. IMPs 19: ________ defines how a particular
5: Which topology requires a central b. host computers pattern to be interpreted, and what
controller or hub? c. networks action is to be taken based on that
a. Mesh d. routers interpretation.
b. Star a. Semantics
c. Bus 13: This was the first network. b. Syntax
d. Ring a. CSNET c. Timing
b. NSFNET d. None of the above
6: Which topology requires a c. ANSNET
multipoint connection? d. ARPANET 20: _______ refers to two
a. Mesh characteristics: when data should be
b. Star 14: Which organization has authority sent and how fast it can be sent.
c. Bus over interstate and international a. Semantics
d. Ring commerce in the communications b. Syntax
field? c. Timing
7: Communication between a a. ITU-T d. none of the above
computer and a keyboard involves b. IEEE
______________ transmission. c. FCC 21: Data flow between two devices
a. simplex d. ISOC can occur in a _______ way.
b. half-duplex a. simplex
c. full-duplex b. half-duplex
d. automatic c. full-duplex
d. all of the above
22: In a ______ connection, two and 29: There are ______________ 5. As the data packet moves from the
only two devices are connected by a Internet service providers. upper to the lower layers, headers are
dedicated link. a. local _______.
a. multipoint b. regional A. Added
b. point-to-point c. national and international B. Removed
c. (a) and (b) d. all of the above C. Rearranged
d. none of the above D. Modified
30: A ________ is a set of rules that
23: In a ________ connection, three governs data communication. 6. The _______ layer lies between the
or more devices share a link. a. forum network layer and the application
a. multipoint b. protocol layer.
b. point-to-point c. standard A. Physical
c. (a) and (b) d. none of the above B. Data link
d. none of the above C. Transport
31: ________ is an idea or concept D. None of the above
24: ______ refers to the physical or that is a precursor to an Internet
logical arrangement of a network. standard. 7. Layer 2 lies between the physical
a. Data flow a. RCF layer and the _______ layer.
b. Mode of operation b. RFC A. Network
c. Topology c. ID B. Data link
d. None of the above d. none of the above C. Transport
D. None of the above
25: Devices may be arranged in a Chapter 2
_____ topology. 1. The Internet model consists of 8. When data are transmitted from
a. mesh _______ layers. device A to device B, the header from
b. ring A. Three A's layer 4 is read by B's _______
c. bus B. Five layer.
d. all of the above C. Seven A. Physical
D. Eight B. Transport
26: A _______ is a data C. Application
communication system within a 2. The process-to-process delivery of D. None of the above
building, plant, or campus, or the entire message is the
between nearby buildings. responsibility of the _______ layer. 9. The _______ layer changes bits into
a. MAN A. Network electromagnetic signals.
b. LAN B. Transport A. Physical
c. WAN C. Application B. Data link
d. none of the above D. Physical C. Transport
D. None of the above
27: A ______ is a data communication 3. The _______ layer is the layer
system spanning states, countries, or closest to the transmission medium. 10. Which of the following is an
the whole world. A. Physical application layer service?
a. MAN B. Data link A. Remote log-in
b. LAN C. Network B. File transfer and access
c. WAN D. Transport C. Mail service
d. none of the above D. All the above
4. Mail services are available to
28: ________ is a collection of many network users through the _______ 11. Why was the OSI model
separate networks. layer. developed?
a. A WAN A. Data link A. Manufacturers disliked the TCP/IP
b. An internet B. Physical protocol suite.
c. a LAN C. Transport B. The rate of data transfer was
d. None of the above D. Application increasing exponentially
C. Standards were needed to allow
any two systems to communicate
D. None of the above
12. The _______ model shows how 19. When a host on network A sends 26. The Internetworking Protocol (IP)
the network functions of a computer a message to a host on network B, is a ________ protocol.
ought to be organized. which address does the router look A. reliable
A. CCITT at? B. connection-oriented
B. OSI A. port C. both a and b
C. ISO B. logical D. none of the above
D. ANSI C. physical
D. none of the above 27. _______ is a process-to-process
13. The physical layer is concerned protocol that adds only port
with the movement of _______ over 20. To deliver a message to the addresses, checksum error control,
the physical medium. correct application program running and length information to the data
A. programs on a host, the _______ address must from the upper layer.
B. dialogs be consulted. A. TCP
C. protocols A. port B. UDP
D. bits B. IP C. IP
C. physical D. none of the above
14. The OSI model consists of D. none of the above
_______ layers. 28. __________ provides full
A. three 21. IPv6 has _______ -bit addresses. transport layer services to
B. five A. 32 applications.
C. seven B. 64 A. TCP
D. eight C. 128 B. UDP
D. variable C. ARP
15. In the OSI model, as a data packet D. none of the above
moves from the lower to the upper 22. ICMPv6 includes _______.
layers, headers are _______. A. IGMP 29. The ________ address, also
A. added B. ARP known as the link address, is the
B. removed C. RARP address of a node as defined by its
C. rearranged D. a and b LAN or WAN.
D. modified A. port
23. The ______ layer is responsible B. physical
16. In the OSI model, when data is for moving frames from one hop C. logical
transmitted from device A to device (node) to the next. D. none of the above
B, the header from A's layer 5 is read A. physical
by B's _______ layer. B. data link 30. Ethernet uses a ______ physical
A. physical C. transport address that is imprinted on the
B. transport D. none of the above network interface card (NIC).
C. session A. 32-bit
D. presentation 24. The ______ layer adds a header to B. 64-bit
the packet coming from the upper C. 6-byte
17. In the OSI model, what is the main layer that includes the logical D. none of the above
function of the transport layer? addresses of the sender and receiver.
A. node-to-node delivery A. physical 31. A port address in TCP/IP is ______
B. process-to-process message B. data link bits long.
delivery C. network A. 32
C. synchronization D. none of the above B. 48
D. updating and maintenance of C. 16
routing tables 25. The_________ layer is responsible D. none of the above
18. In the OSI model, encryption and for the delivery of a message from
decryption are functions of the one process to another. 32. The ____ created a model called
________ layer. A. physical the Open Systems Interconnection,
A. transport B. transport which allows diverse systems to
B. session C. network communicate.
C. presentation D. none of the above A. OSI
D. application B. ISO
C. IEEE
D. none of the above
33. he seven-layer _____ model 40. The ________ layer is responsible 46. The ________ address, also
provides guidelines for the for the process-to-process delivery of known as the link address, is the
development of universally the entire message. address of a node as defined by its
compatible networking protocols. A. transport LAN or WAN.
A. OSI B. network A. physical
B. ISO C. data link B. IP
C. IEEE D. physical C. port
D. none of the above D. specific
41. The ______ layer establishes,
34. The physical, data link, and maintains, and synchronizes the 47. The ____ address uniquely defines
network layers are the ______ interactions between communicating a host on the Internet.
support layers. devices. A. physical
A. user A. transport B. IP
B. network B. network C. port
C. both (a) and (b) C. session D. specific
D. neither (a) nor (b) D. physical
48. The_____ address identifies a
35. The session, presentation, and 42. The _______ layer ensures process on a host.
application layers are the ____ interoperability between A. physical
support layers. communicating devices through B. IP
A. user transformation of data into a C. port
B. network mutually agreed upon format. D. specific
C. both (a) and (b) A. transport
D. neither (a) nor (b) B. network Chapter 3
C. data link 1. Before data can be transmitted,
36. The _______ layer links the D. presentation they must be transformed to
network support layers and the user ________.
support layers. 43. The _________ layer enables the A. periodic signals
A. transport users to access the network. B. electromagnetic signals
B. network A. transport C. aperiodic signals
C. data link B. application D. low-frequency sine waves
D. session C. data link
D. physical 2. A periodic signal completes one
37. The _______ layer coordinates the cycle in 0.001 s. What is the
functions required to transmit a bit 44. TCP/IP is a ______ hierarchical frequency?
stream over a physical medium. protocol suite developed ____ the OSI A. 1 Hz
A. transport model. B. 100 Hz
B. network A. seven-layer; before C. 1 KHz
C. data link B. five-layer; before D. 1 MHz
D. physical C. six-layer; before
D. five-layer; after 3. In a frequency-domain plot, the
38. The _______ layer is responsible horizontal axis measures the
for delivering data units from one 45. The TCP/IP _______ layer is ________.
station to the next without errors. equivalent to the combined session, A. peak amplitude
A. transport presentation, and application layers B. frequency
B. network of the OSI model. C. phase
C. data link A. application D. slope
D. physical B. network
C. data link 4. In a time-domain plot, the
39. The ______ layer is responsible D. physical horizontal axis is a measure of
for the source-to-destination delivery ________.
of a packet across multiple network A. signal amplitude
links. B. frequency
A. transport C. phase
B. network D. time
C. data link
D. physical
5. If the bandwidth of a signal is 5 KHz 12. ________ is a type of transmission 19. Signals can be ________.
and the lowest frequency is 52 KHz, impairment in which the signal loses A. analog
what is the highest frequency? strength due to the resistance of the B. digital
A. 5 KHz transmission medium. C. either (a) or (b)
B. 10 KHz A. Attenuation D. neither (a) nor (b)
C. 47 KHz B. Distortion
D. 57 KHz C. Noise 20. _____ signals can have an infinite
D. Decibel number of values in a range.
6. What is the bandwidth of a signal A. Analog
that ranges from 1 MHz to 4 MHz? 13. ________ is a type of transmission B. Digital
A. 4 MHz impairment in which the signal loses C. (a) or (b)
B. 1 KHz strength due to the different D. None of the above
C. 3 MHz propagation speeds of each frequency
D. none of the above that makes up the signal. 21. _______ signals can have only a
A. Attenuation limited number of values.
7. As frequency increases, the period B. Distortion A. Analog
________. C. Noise B. Digital
A. decreases D. Decibel C. (a) or (b)
B. increases D. None of the above
C. remains the same 14. ________ is a type of transmission
D. doubles impairment in which an outside 22. Frequency and period are ______.
source such as crosstalk corrupts a A. inverse of each other
8. Given two sine waves A and B, if signal. B. proportional to each other
the frequency of A is twice that of B, A. Attenuation C. the same
then the period of B is ________ that B. Distortion D. none of the above
of A. C. Noise
A. one-half D. Decibel 23. ________is the rate of change
B. twice with respect to time.
C. the same as 15. When propagation speed is A. Amplitude
D. indeterminate from multiplied by propagation time, we B. Time
get the ________. C. Frequency
9. A sine wave is ________. A. throughput D. Voltage
A. periodic and continuous B. wavelength of the signal
B. aperiodic and continuous C. distortion factor 24. _______ describes the position of
C. periodic and discrete D. distance a signal or bit has the waveform relative to time 0.
D. aperiodic and discrete traveled A. Frequency
B. Phase
10. If the maximum amplitude of a 16. Data can be ________. C. Amplitude
sine wave is 2 V, the minimum A. analog D. Voltage
amplitude is ________ V. B. digital
A. 2 C. (a) or (b) 25. A sine wave in the ______ domain
B. 1 D. none of the above can be represented by one single
C. -2 spike in the _____ domain.
D. between -2 and 2 17. _______ data are continuous and A. time; frequency
take continuous values. B. frequency; time
11. A signal is measured at two A. analog C. time; phase
different points. The power is P1 at B. digital D. phase; time
the first point and P2 at the second C. (a) or (b)
point. The dB is 0. This means D. none of the above 26. A _________ sine wave is not
________. useful in data communications; we
A. P2 is zero 18. _______ data have discrete states need to send a _______ signal.
B. P2 equals P1 and take discrete values. A. composite; single-frequency
C. P2 is much larger than P1 A. Analog B. single-frequency; composite
D. P2 is much smaller than P1 B. Digital C. single-frequency; double-frequency
C. (a) or (b) D. none of the above
D. None of the above
27. The _____ of a composite signal is 34. The _________ product defines 7 Which of the following encoding
the difference between the highest the number of bits that can fill the methods does not provide for
and the lowest frequencies contained link. synchronization?
in that signal. A. bandwidth-period A. NRZ-L
A. frequency B. frequency-amplitude B. RZ
B. period C. bandwidth-delay C. NRZ-I
C. bandwidth D. delay-amplitude D. Manchester
D. amplitude
Chapter 4 8 Which encoding method uses
28. A(n)_________ signal is a 1 Unipolar, bipolar, and polar alternating positive and negative
composite analog signal with an encoding are types of _______ values for 1s?
infinite bandwidth. encoding. A. NRZ-I
A. digital A. line B. RZ
B. analog B. block C. Manchester
C. either (a) or (b) C. NRZ D. AMI
D. neither (a) nor (b) D. Manchester
9 Which quantization level results in a
29. Baseband transmission of a digital 2 _______ encoding has a transition more faithful reproduction of the
signal is possible only if we have a at the middle of each bit. signal?
____ channel. A. RZ A. 2
A. low-pass B. Manchester B. 8
B. bandpass C. Differential Manchester C. 16
C. low rate D. All the above D. 32
D. high rate
3 _______ encoding has a transition 10 Block coding can help in _______
30. If the available channel is a ____ at the beginning of each 0 bit. at the receiver.
channel, we cannot send a digital A. RZ A. Synchronization
signal directly to the channel. B. Manchester B. Error detection
A. low-pass C. Differential Manchester C. Attenuation
B. bandpass D. All the above D. (a) and (b)
C. low rate
D. high rate 4 PCM is an example of _______ 11 In _______ transmission, bits are
conversion. transmitted simultaneously, each
31. For a ______ channel, the Nyquist A. digital-to-digital across its own wire.
bit rate formula defines the B. digital-to-analog A. Asynchronous serial
theoretical maximum bit rate. C. analog-to-analog B. Synchronous serial
A. noisy D. analog-to-digital C. Parallel
B. noiseless D. (a) and (b)
C. bandpass 5 If the frequency spectrum of a signal
D. low-pass has a bandwidth of 500 Hz with the 12 In _______ transmission, bits are
highest frequency at 600 Hz, what transmitted over a single wire, one at
32. For a ______ channel, we need to should be the sampling rate, a time.
use the Shannon capacity to find the according to the Nyquist theorem? A. asynchronous serial
maximum bit rate. A. 200 samples/s B. synchronous serial
A. noisy B. 500 samples/s C. parallel
B. noiseless C. 1000 samples/s D. (a) and (b)
C. bandpass D. 1200 samples/s
D. low-pass 13 In _______ transmission, a start
6 The Nyquist theorem specifies the bit and a stop bit frame a character
33. _________ can impair a signal. minimum sampling rate to byte.
A. Attenuation be_______. A. asynchronous serial
B. Distortion A. equal to the lowest frequency of a B. synchronous serial
C. Noise signal C. parallel
D. All of the above B. equal to the highest frequency of a D. (a) and (b)
signal
C. twice the bandwidth of a signal
D. twice the highest frequency of a
signal
14 In asynchronous transmission, the 21 The most common technique to 28 The ________ mode provides
gap time between bytes is _______. change an analog signal to digital data synchronization for the entire stream
A. fixed is called __________. of bits must. In other words, it
B. variable A. PAL guarantees that the data arrive at a
C. a function of the data rate B. PCM fixed rate.
D. zero C. sampling A. synchronous
D. none of the above B. asynchronous
15 ___________ conversion involves C. isochronous
three techniques: line coding, block 22 The first step in PCM is ________. D. none of the above
coding, and scrambling. A. quantization
A. Analog-to-digital B. modulation 29 A _________ digital signal
B. Digital-to-analog C. sampling includes timing information in the
C. Analog-to-analog D. none of the above data being transmitted.
D. Digital-to-digital A. self-synchronizing
23 There are three sampling methods: B. self-modulated
16 ________ is the process of __________. C. self-transmitted
converting digital data to a digital A. quantized, sampled, and ideal D. none of the above
signal. B. ideal, sampled, and flat-top
A. Block coding C. ideal, natural, and flat-top 30 In decoding a digital signal, the
B. Line coding D. none of the above receiver calculates a running average
C. Scrambling of the received signal power, called
D. None of the above 24 ______ finds the value of the the _______.
signal amplitude for each sample; A. baseline
17 _______ provides redundancy to ____ finds the change from the B. base
ensure synchronization and inherent previous sample. C. line
error detection. A. DM; PCM D. none of the above
A. Block coding B. PCM; DM
B. Line coding C. DM; CM 31 The ________ rate defines the
C. Scrambling D. none of the above number of data elements sent in 1s;
D. None of the above the ______ rate is the number of
25 While there is (are) only _____ signal elements sent in 1s.
18 ________ is normally referred to way(s) to send parallel data, there is A. data; signal
as mB/nB coding; it replaces each m- (are) three subclass(es) of serial B. signal; data
bit group with an n-bit group. transmission. C. baud; bit
A. Block coding A. one; two D. none of the above
B. Line coding B. two; three
C. Scrambling C. one; three 32 The signal rate is sometimes called
D. None of the above D. none of the above the ____ rate.
A. baud
19 ________ provides 26 In ______ transmission, we send 1 B. bit
synchronization without increasing start bit (0) at the beginning and 1 or C. signal
the number of bits. more stop bits (1s) at the end of each D. none of the above
A. Scrambling byte.
B. Line coding A. synchronous 33 The data rate is sometimes called
C. Block coding B. asynchronous the ___ rate.
D. None of the above C. isochronous A. baud
D. none of the above B. bit
20 Two common scrambling C. signal
techniques are ________. 27 In _________ transmission, we D. none of the above
A. NRZ and RZ send bits one after another without
B. AMI and NRZ start or stop bits or gaps. It is the 34 In a _____ scheme, all the signal
C. B8ZS and HDB3 responsibility of the receiver to group levels are on one side of the time axis,
D. Manchester and differential the bits. either above or below.
Manchester A. synchronous A. polar
B. asynchronous B. bipolar
C. isochronous C. unipolar
D. none of the above D. all of the above
35 In ______ schemes, the voltages 41 In ___________ there is always a 48 ______ substitutes four
are on the both sides of the time axis. transition at the middle of the bit, but consecutive zeros with 000V or B00V
For example, the voltage level for 0 the bit values are determined at the A. B4B8
can be positive and the voltage level beginning of the bit. If the next bit is B. HDB3
for 1 can be negative. 0, there is a transition; if the next bit C. B8ZSf
A. polar is 1, there is none. D. none of the above
B. bipolar A. Manchester
C. unipolar B. differential Manchester Chapter 5
D. all of the above C. both (a) and (b) 1 ASK, PSK, FSK, and QAM are
D. neither (a) nor (b) examples of ________ conversion.
36 In _____, the level of the voltage A) digital-to-digital
determines the value of the bit. 42 In Manchester and differential B) digital-to-analog
A. NRZ-I Manchester encoding, the transition C) analog-to-analog
B. NRZ-L at the middle of the bit is used for D) analog-to-digital
C. both (a) and (b) __________. 2 AM and FM are examples of
D. neither (a) nor (b) A. bit transfer ________ conversion.
B. baud transfer A) digital-to-digital
37 In ______, the change or lack of C. synchronization B) digital-to-analog
change in the level of the voltage D. none of the above C) analog-to-analog
determines the value of the bit. D) analog-to-digital
A. NRZ-I 43 The minimum bandwidth of
B. NRZ-L Manchester and differential 3 In QAM, both ________ of a carrier
C. both (a) and (b) Manchester is ____ that of NRZ. frequency are varied.
D. neither (a) nor (b) A. the same as A) frequency and amplitude
B. twice B) phase and frequency
38 The idea of RZ and the idea of C. thrice C) amplitude and phase
NRZ-L are combined into the D. none of the above D) none of the above
________ scheme.
A. Manchester 44 In _______encoding, we use three 4 If the baud rate is 400 for a QPSK
B. differential Manchester levels: positive, zero, and negative. signal, the bit rate is ________ bps.
C. both (a) and (b) A. unipolar A) 100
D. neither (a) nor (b) B. bipolar B) 400
C. polar C) 800
39 The idea of RZ and the idea of NRZ- D. none of the above D) 1600
I are combined into the ________
scheme. 45 The _____ scheme uses data 5 If the bit rate for an ASK signal is
A. Manchester patterns of size 2 and encodes the 2- 1200 bps, the baud rate is ________.
B. differential Manchester bit patterns as one signal element A) 300
C. both (a) and (b) belonging to a four-level signal. B) 400
D. neither (a) nor (b) A. 4B5B C) 600
B. 2B1Q D) 1200
40 In _______ encoding, the duration C. MLT-3
of the bit is divided into two halves. D. none of the above 6 If the bit rate for an FSK signal is
The voltage remains at one level 1200 bps, the baud rate is ________.
during the first half and moves to the 46 The ______ scheme uses three A) 300
other level in the second half. The levels (+V, 0, and -V) and three B) 400
transition at the middle of the bit transition rules to move between the C) 600
provides synchronization. levels. D) 1200
A. Manchester A. 4B5B
B. differential Manchester B. 2B1Q 7 If the bit rate for a 16-QAM signal is
C. both (a) and (b) C. MLT-3 4000 bps, what is the baud rate?
D. neither (a) nor (b) D. none of the above A) 300
47 ______ substitutes eight B) 400
consecutive zeros with 000VB0VB. C) 1000
A. B4B8 D) 1200
B. HDB3
C. B8ZS
D. none of the above
8 If the baud rate for a 64-QAM signal 14 In ________, the phase of the 20 Which of the following is not an
is 2000, what is the bit rate? carrier is varied to represent two or analog-to-analog conversion?
A) 300 more different signal A) AM
B) 400 elements. Both peak amplitude and B) PM
C) 1000 frequency remain constant. C) FM
D) 12000 A) ASK D) QAM
B) PSK Ans D
9 Given an AM radio signal with a C) FSK
bandwidth of 10 KHz and the highest- D) QAM 21 In _______, the peak amplitude of
frequency component at Ans B one signal level is 0; the other is the
705 KHz, what is the frequency of the same as the amplitude
carrier signal? 15 A constellation diagram shows us of the carrier frequency.
A) 700 KHz the __________ of a signal element, A) PSK
B) 705 KHz particularly when we are B) OOK
C) 710 KHz using two carriers (one in-phase and C) FSK
D) Cannot be determined from given one quadrature). D) none of the above
information A) amplitude and phase Ans B OOK is a form of ask
B) amplitude and frequency
10 _______ conversion is the process C) frequency and phase 22 How many carrier frequencies are
of changing one of the characteristics D) none of the above used in BASK?
of an analog signal based Ans A A) 2
on the information in the digital data. B) 1
This is the correct answer. 16 Quadrature amplitude modulation C) 0
A) Digital-to-analog (QAM) is a combination of D) none of the above
B) Analog-to-analog ___________. Ans B
C) Analog-to-digital A) ASK and FSK
D) Digital-to-digital B) ASK and PSK 23 How many carrier frequencies are
Ans A C) PSK and FSK used in QPSK?
D) none of the above A) 2
11 Which of the following is not a Ans B B) 1
digital-to-analog conversion? C) 4
A) ASK 17 ________ uses two carriers, one D) none of the above
B) PSK in-phase and the other quadrature. Ans A
C) FSK A) ASK
D) AM B) PSK 24 The constellation diagram of BASK
Ans D C) FSK has ______ dots.
D) QAM A) 2
12 In ________, the amplitude of the Ans D B) 1
carrier signal is varied to create signal C) 0
elements. Both 18 _________ conversion is the D) none of the above
frequency and phase remain representation of analog information Ans A
constant. by an analog signal.
A) ASK A) Digital-to-analog 25 The constellation diagram of QPSK
B) PSK B) Analog-to-analog has ______ dots.
C) FSK C) Analog-to-digital A) 2
D) QAM D) Digital-to-digital B) 1
Ans A Ans B C) 4
D) none of the above
13 In _________, the frequency of the 19 Analog-to-analog conversion is Ans C
carrier signal is varied to represent needed if the available bandwidth is
data. Both peak _______. 36 The Federal Communications
amplitude and phase remain A) low-pass Commission (FCC) allows ______kHz
constant. B) band-pass for each AM station.
A) ASK C) either (a) or (b) A) 5
B) PSK D) neither (a) nor (b) B) 10
C) FSK Ans B C) 20
D) QAM D) none of the above
Ans C Ans B
34 The Federal Communications 7 Which multiplexing technique 14 FSM is an _________technique.
Commission (FCC) allows ______ kHz involves signals composed of light A) analog
for each FM station. beams? B) digital
A) 20 A) FDM C) either (a) or (b)
B) 100 B) TDM D) none of the above
C) 200 C) WDM
D) none of the above D) none of the above 15 ____ is designed to use the high
Ans B bandwidth capability of fiber-optic
8 _________ utilization is the use of cable.
Chapter 6 available bandwidth to achieve A) FDM
1 The sharing of a medium and its link specific goals. B) TDM
by two or more devices is called A) Frequency C) WDM
_______. B) Bandwidth D) None of the above
A) modulation C) Amplitude
B) encoding D) None of the above 16 ______ is an analog multiplexing
C) line discipline technique to combine optical signals.
D) multiplexing 9 ________ can be achieved by using A) FDM
multiplexing; ______ can be achieved B) TDM
2 Which multiplexing technique by using spreading. C) WDM
transmits analog signals? A) Efficiency; privacy and D) None of the above
A) FDM antijamming
B) TDM B) Privacy and antijamming; efficiency 17 _____ is a digital process that
C) WDM C) Privacy and efficiency; antijamming allows several connections to share
D) (a) and (c) D) Efficiency and antijamming; privacy the high bandwidth of a link.
A) FDM
3 Which multiplexing technique 10 ________ is the set of techniques B) TDM
transmits digital signals? that allows the simultaneous C) WDM
A) FDM transmission of multiple signals across D) None of the above
B) TDM a single data link.
C) WDM A) Demodulating 18 _____ is a digital multiplexing
D) None of the above B) Multiplexing technique for combining several low-
C) Compressing rate channels into one high-rate one.
4 Which multiplexing technique shifts D) None of the above A) FDM
each signal to a different carrier B) TDM
frequency? 11 In a multiplexed system, __ lines C) WDM
A) FDM share the bandwidth of ____ link. D) None of the above
B) TDM A) 1; n
C) Both (a) and (b) B) 1; 1 19 We can divide ____ into two
D) None of the above C) n; 1 different schemes: synchronous or
D) n; n statistical.
5 In synchronous TDM, for n signal A) FDM
sources of the same data rate, each 12 The word ______ refers to the B) TDM
frame contains _______ slots. portion of a _______ that carries a C) WDM
A) n transmission. D) none of the above
B) n + 1 A) channel; link
C) n - 1 B) link; channel 20 In ________ TDM, each input
D) 0 to n C) line; channel connection has an allotment in the
D) line; link output even if it is not sending data.
6 In TDM, the transmission rate of the A) synchronous
multiplexed path is usually _______ 13 ______ can be applied when the B) statistical
the sum of the transmission rates of bandwidth of a link (in hertz) is C) isochronous
the signal sources. greater than the combined D) none of the above
A) greater than bandwidths of the signals to be
B) less than transmitted.
C) equal to A) TDM
D) not related to B) FDM
C) Both (a) or (b)
D) Neither (a) or (b)
21 In ________ TDM, slots are 2 Transmission media lie below the 10 When a beam of light travels
dynamically allocated to improve _______ layer. through media of two different
bandwidth efficiency. A) physical densities, if the angle of incidence is
A) synchronous B) network greater than the critical angle,
B) statistical C) transport _______ occurs.
C) isochronous D) application A) reflection
D) none of the above B) refraction
3 _______ cable consists of an inner C) incidence
22 In ________, we combine signals copper core and a second conducting D) criticism
from different sources to fit into a outer sheath.
larger bandwidth. A) Twisted-pair 11 When the angle of incidence is
A) spread spectrum B) Coaxial _______ the critical angle, the light
B) line coding C) Fiber-optic beam bends along the interface.
C) block coding D) Shielded twisted-pair A) more than
D) none of the above B) less than
4 In fiber optics, the signal is _______ C) equal to
23 _______ is designed to be used in waves. D) none of the above
wireless applications in which stations A) light
must be able to share the medium B) radio 12 Signals with a frequency below 2
without interception by an C) infrared MHz use _______ propagation.
eavesdropper and without being D) very low-frequency A) ground
subject to jamming from a malicious B) sky
intruder. 5 Which of the following primarily C) line-of-sight
A) Spread spectrum uses guided media? D) none of the above
B) Multiplexing A) cellular telephone system
C) Modulation B) local telephone system 13 Signals with a frequency between
D) None of the above. C) satellite communications 2 MHz and 30 MHz use ______
D) radio broadcasting propagation.
24 The _______ technique uses M A) ground
different carrier frequencies that are 6 Which of the following is not a B) sky
modulated by the source signal. At guided medium? C) line-of-sight
one moment, the sign modulates one A) twisted-pair cable D) none of the above
carrier frequency; at the next B) coaxial cable
moment, the signal modulates C) fiber-optic cable 14 Signals with a frequency above 30
another carrier frequency. D) atmosphere MHz use _______propagation.
A) FDM A) ground
B) DSSS 7 What is the major factor that makes B) sky
C) FHSS coaxial cable less susceptible to noise C) line-of-sight
D) TDM than twisted-pair cable? D) none of the above
A) inner conductor
25 The ______ technique expands the B) diameter of cable
bandwidth of a signal by replacing C) outer conductor 15 A parabolic dish antenna is a(n)
each data bit with n bits. D) insulating material _______ antenna.
A) FDM A) omnidirectional
B) DSSS 8 In an optical fiber, the inner core is B) bidirectional
C) FHSS _______ the cladding. C) unidirectional
D) TDM A) denser than D) horn
B) less dense than
Chapter 7 C) the same density as 16 A(n) _____ medium provides a
1 Transmission media are usually D) another name for physical conduit from one device to
categorized as _______. another.
A) fixed or unfixed 9 The inner core of an optical fiber is A) guided
B) guided or unguided _______ in composition. B) unguided
C) determinate or indeterminate A) glass or plastic C) either (a) or (b)
D) metallic or nonmetallic B) copper D) none of the above
C) bimetallic
D) liquid
17 ________ cable consists of two 24 _________ media transport 3 Packet-switched networks can also
insulated copper wires twisted electromagnetic waves without the be divided into ______subcategories:
together. use of a physical conductor. virtual-circuit networks and datagram
A) Coaxial A) Guided networks
B) Fiber-optic B) Unguided A) four
C) Twisted-pair C) Either (a) or (b) B) three
D) none of the above D) None of the above C) two
D) five
18 _______ cable is used for voice 25 Radio waves are _________.
and data communications. A) omnidirectional 4 A ________ network is made of a
A) Coaxial B) unidirectional set of switches connected by physical
B) Fiber-optic C) bidirectional links, in which each link is divided into
C) Twisted-pair D) none of the above n channels.
D) none of the above A) line-switched
26 Microwaves are _________. B) frame-switched
19 __________ consists of a central A) omnidirectional C) circuit-switched
conductor and a shield. B) unidirectional D) none of the above
A) Coaxial C) bidirectional
B) Fiber-optic D) none of the above 5 Circuit switching takes place at the
C) Twisted-pair ________ layer.
D) none of the above 27 _______ are used for cellular A) data line
phone, satellite, and wireless LAN B) physical
20 _____ cable can carry signals of communications. C) network
higher frequency ranges than _____ A) Radio waves D) transport
cable. B) Microwaves
A) Twisted-pair; fiber-optic C) Infrared waves 6 In _______, the resources need to
B) Coaxial; fiber-optic D) none of the above be reserved during the setup phase;
C) Coaxial; twisted-pair the resources remain dedicated for
D) none of the above 28 _______ are used for short-range the entire duration of data transfer
communications such as those phase until the teardown phase.
21 ______ cables are composed of a between a PC and a peripheral device. A) datagram switching
glass or plastic inner core surrounded A) Radio waves B) circuit switching
by cladding, all encased in an outside B) Microwaves C) frame switching
jacket. C) Infrared waves D) none of the above
A) Coaxial D) none of the above
B) Fiber-optic 7 In _________, there is no resource
C) Twisted-pair Chapter 8 allocation for a packet.
D) none of the above A) datagram switching
1. Traditionally, _____ methods of B) circuit switching
22 ______ cables carry data signals in switching have been important. C) frame switching
the form of light. A) four D) none of the above
A) Coaxial B) three
B) Fiber-optic C) five 8 In _________, resources are
C) Twisted-pair D) six allocated on demand.
D) none of the above A) datagram switching
2 We can divide today's networks into B) circuit switching
23 In a fiber-optic cable, the signal is ____ broad categories. C) frame switching
propagated along the inner core by A) four D) none of the above
_______. B) thee
A) reflection C) five 9 In __________, each packet is
B) refraction D) two treated independently of all others.
C) modulation A) datagram switching
D) none of the above B) circuit switching
C) frame switching
D) none of the above
17 A ________ switch combines
10 In _______ there are no setup or space-division and time-division 24 A ________ switch combines
teardown phases. technologies to take advantage of the crossbar switches in several (normally
A) datagram switching best of both. three) stages.
B) circuit switching A) TST A) multistage
C) frame switching B) SSS B) multiple crossbar
D) none of the above C) TTT C) multiple path
D) none of the above D) non of the above
11 A _________ network is a cross
between a circuit-switched network 18 The most popular technology in 25 In _______ switching, the paths in
and a datagram network. It has some time-division switching is called the the circuit are separated from one
characteristics of both. _________. another spatially.
A) virtual-circuit A) STI A) time-division
B) packet-switched B) ITS B) space-division
C) frame-switched C) TSI C) two-dimensional
D) none of the above D) none of the above D) three-dimensional

12 We can say that a packet switch 19 Based on the Clos criteria, if N = 26 A switched WAN is normally
has _______ types of components. 200, then n must be equal to or implemented as a _______ network.
A) two greater than ____. A) virtual-circuit
B) three A) 10 B) datagram
C) four B) 20 C) circuit-switched
D) none of the above C) 30 D) none of the above
D) 40
13 The simplest type of switching 27 In a ________ network, two types
fabric is the ______ switch. 20 Based on the Clos criteria, if N = of addressing are involved: global and
A) crosspoint 200, then k must be equal to or local.
B) crossbar greater than ____. A) virtual-circuit
C) TSI A) 21 B) datagram
D) STS B) 19 C) crcuit-switched
C) 31 D) none of the above
14 A ________ switch is a multistage D) 41
switch with microswitches at each 28 The network layer in the Internet is
stage that route the packets based on 21 Based on the Clos criteria, if N = designed as a __________ network.
the output port represented as a 200, then the minimum number of A) virtual-circuit
binary string. crosspoints is greater than or equal to B) datagram
A) crossbar _______. C) circuit-switched
B) TSI A) 15,200 D) none of the above
C) banyan B) 18,000
D) none of the above C) 42,000 29 A switch in a datagram network
D) 20,000 uses a routing table that is based on
15 In a banyan switch, for 8 inputs the ______ address.
and 8 outputs, we have _____ stages. 22 In a one-stage space division A) source
A) 8 switch, if N = 200, the number of B) destination
B) 4 crosspoints is ______. C) local
C) 3 A) 10,000 D) none of the above
D) 2 B) 20,000
C) 40,000 30 The _______ address in the header
16 In a banyan switch, for 8 inputs D) 30,000 of a packet in a datagram network
and 8 outputs, we have _____ normally remains the same during the
microswitches at each stage. 23 In a three-stage space division entire journey of the packet.
A) 8 switch, if N = 200, the number of A) source
B) 4 crosspoints is ______. B) destination
C) 3 A) 40,000 C) local
D) 2 B) greater than 40,000 D) none of the above
C) less than 40,000
D) greater than 100,000
Chapter 9 8 HDSL encodes data using _______. 15 The modern telephone network is
A) 4B/5B now ________.
1 A local telephone network is an B) 2B1Q A) digital
example of a _______ network. C) 1B2Q B) analog
A) packet-switched D) 6B/8T C) digital as well as analog
B) circuit-switched D) none of the above
C) message-switched 9 Another name for the cable TV
D) none of the above office is the _______. 16 The telephone network is made of
A) splitter ______ major components.
2 The local loop has _______ cable B) fiber node A) 2
that connects the subscriber C) combiner B) 3
telephone to the nearest end office. D) head end C) 4
A) twisted-pair D) none of the above
B) coaxial 10 A traditional cable TV network
C) fiber-optic transmits signals ______. 17 The United States is divided into
D) none of the above A) upstream many _______.
B) downstream A) LECs
3 Data from a computer are _______; C) upstream and downstream B) LATAs
the local loop handles _______ D) none of the above C) IXCs
signals. D) none of the above
A) analog; analog 11 In an HFC network, the
B) analog; digital downstream data are modulated 18 The carrier that handles intra-LATA
C) digital; digital using the _______ modulation services is called a(n) _____ .
D) digital; analog technique. A) POP
A) PSK B) IXC
4 _______ is suitable for businesses B) QAM C) LEC
that require comparable upstream C) PCM D) none of the above
and downstream data rates. D) ASK
A) VDSL 19 The carrier that handles inter-LATA
B) ADSL 12 In an HFC network, the upstream services is called a(n) _______.
C) SDSL data are modulated using the A) POP
D) (a) and (b) _______ modulation technique. B) IXC
A) QAM C) LEC
5 DMT is a modulation technique that B) QPSK D) none of the above
combines elements of _______ and C) PCM
_______. D) ASK 20 In ______signaling, the same
A) FDM; TDM circuit is used for both signaling and
B) QDM; QAM 13 The standard for data transmission data.
C) FDM; QAM over an HFC network is called A) in-band
D) PSK; FSK _______. B) out-of-band
A) MCNS C) mixed
6 The largest portion of the B) DOCSIS D) none of the above
bandwidth for ADSL carries _______. C) CMTS
A) voice communication D) ADSL 21 In ________signaling, a portion of
B) upstream data the bandwidth is used for signaling
C) downstream data 14 The original telephone network, and another portion for data.
D) control data which is referred to as the plain old A) in-band
telephone system (POTS), was an B) out-of-band
7 _______ was designed as an ________ system. C) mixed
alternative to the T-1 line. A) digital. D) none of the above
A) VDSL B) analog
B) ADSL C) digital as well as analog 22 I The protocol that is used for
C) SDSL D) none of the above signaling in the telephone network is
D) HDSL called ______.
A) POP
B) SSS
C) SS7D) none of the above
23 Telephone companies provide two 30 The HFC network uses _______ 6 In ________ error correction, the
types of analog services: analog cable. receiver corrects errors without
_______ services and analog A) twisted-pair requesting retransmission.
_____services. B) coaxial A) backward
A) switched; in-band C) fiber-optic B) onward
B) out-of-band; in-band D) a combination of (b) and (c) C) forward
C) switched; leased D) none of the above
D) leased; out-of-band 31 To use a cable network for data
transmission, we need two key 7 In ________ error correction, the
24 The two most common digital devices: a ______ and a _________ receiver asks the sender to send the
services are ________ service and A) CM; CMS data again.
______. B) CT; CMTS A) backward
A) switched/56; switched/64 C) CM; CMTS B) retransmission
B) switched/56; DDS D) none of the above C) forward
C) DDS; swiched 64 D) none of the above
D) leased; out-of-band Chapter 10
1 Which error detection method uses 8 We can divide coding schemes into
25 The term modem is a composite one's complement arithmetic? two broad categories: ________ and
word that refers to the two functional A) Simple parity check ______coding.
entities that make up the device: a B) Two-dimensional parity check A) block; linear
signal _______ and a signal _______. C) CRC B) linear; nonlinear
A) modulator; demodulator D) Checksum C) block; convolution
B) demodulator; modulator D) none of the above
C) modern; demo 2 Which error detection method
D) none of the above consists of just one redundant bit per 9 In modulo-2 arithmetic, __________
data unit? give the same results.
26 Most popular modems available A) Simple parity check A) addition and multiplication
are based on the ________standards. B) Two-dimensional parity check B) addition and division
A) V-series C) CRC C) addition and subtraction
B) X-series D) Checksum D) none of the above
C) VX-series
D) none of the above 3 In cyclic redundancy checking, what 10 In modulo-2 arithmetic, we use the
is the CRC? ______ operation for both addition
27 ______technology is a set of A) The divisor and subtraction.
technologies develpoed by the B) The quotient This is the correct answer.
telephone companies to provide high C) The dividend A) XOR
data rate transmission. D) The remainder B) OR
A) ASL C) AND
B) DSL 4 In cyclic redundancy checking, the D) none of the above
C) LDS divisor is _______ the CRC.
D) none of the above A) The same size as 11 In _____ coding, we divide our
B) one bit less than message into blocks, each of k bits,
28 The traditional cable TV system C) one bit more than called ___.
used ________cable end to end. D) none of the above A) block; blockwords
A) twisted-pair B) linear; datawords
B) coaxial 5 A burst error means that two or C) block; datawords
C) fiber-optic more bits in the data unit have D) none of the above
D) none of the above changed.
A) double-bit 12 We add r redundant bits to each
29 The second generation of cable B) burst block to make the length n = k + r. The
networks is called a(n) _________ C) single-bit resulting n-bit blocks are called
network. D) none of the above _________.
A) HFC A) datawords
B) HCF B) blockwords
C) CFH C) codewords
D) none of the above D) none of the above
13 The ________ between two words 20 In modulo-11 arithmetic, we use
is the number of differences between only the integers in the range ______, 28 The _______ of a polynomial is the
corresponding bits. inclusive. highest power in the polynomial.
A) Hamming code A) 1 to 10 A) range
B) Hamming distance B) 1 to 11 B) degree
C) Hamming rule C) 0 to 10 C) power
D) none of the above D) none of the above D) none of the above

14 To guarantee the detection of up 21 In modulo-2 arithmetic, we use 29 The divisor in a cyclic code is
to 5 errors in all cases, the minimum only ______. normally called the _________.
Hamming distance in a block code A) 1 and 2 A) degree
must be _______. B) 0 and 2 B) generator
A) 5 C) 0 and 1 C) redundancy
B) 6 D) none of the above D) none of the above
C) 11
D) none of the above 22 Adding 1 and 1 in modulo-2 30 A generator that contains a factor
arithmetic results in _________. of ____ can detect all odd-numbered
15 To guarantee correction of up to 5 A) 1 errors.
errors in all cases, the minimum B) 2 A) x
Hamming distance in a block code C) 0 B) x + 1
must be ________. D) none of the above C) 1
A) 5 D) none of the above
B) 6 23 In block coding, if k =2 and n =3,
C) 11 we have _______ invalid codewords. 31 Checksums use _________
D) none of the above A) 8 arithmetic.
B) 4 A) two's complement arithmetic
16 In a linear block code, the _______ C) 2 B) one's complement arithmetic
of any two valid codewords creates D) none of the above C) either (a) or (b)
another valid codeword. D) none of the above
A) XORing 24 The Hamming distance between
B) ORing equal codewords is _________. 32 In one's complement arithmetic, if
C) ANDing A) 1 positive 7 is 0111, then negative 7 is
D) none of the above B) n ________.
C) 0 A) 1111
17 A simple parity-check code can D) none of the above B) 1101
detect __________ errors. C) 1000
A) an even-number of 25 The Hamming distance between D) none of the above
B) two 100 and 001 is ________.
C) no errors A) 2 33 The checksum of 1111 and 1111 is
D) an odd-number of B) 0 _________.
C) 1 A) 1111
18 _______codes are special linear D) none of the above B) 0000
block codes with one extra property. C) 1110
If a codeword is rotated, the result is 26 In block coding, if n = 5, the D) 0111
another codeword. maximum Hamming distance
A) Non-linear between two codewords is ________. 34 The checksum of 0000 and 0000 is
B) Convolution A) 2 __________.
C) Cyclic B) 3 A) 1111
D) none of the above C) 5 B) 0000
D) none of the above C) 1110
19 The _____of errors is more difficult 27 If the Hamming distance between D) 0111
than the ______. a dataword and the corresponding
A) correction; detection codeword is three, there are _____
B) detection; correction bits in error.
C) creation; correction A) 3
D) creation; detection B) 4
C) 5
D) none of the above

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