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Alpha-carotene
beta-carotene
beta-cryptoxanthin
Lutein
Lycopene
zeaxanthin
the most prominent member of this group is b-carotene.
Carotenes:
alpha-carotene
beta-carotene
lycopene
Xanthophylls:
beta-cryptoxanthin
Lutein
zeaxanthin
Carotenoids Functions
Berg_et_al-2000. Journal_of_the_Science_of_Food_and_Agriculture
Why we do need Carotenoid?
cardiovascular disease
some cancers
many other chronic diseases
http://www.everydayhealth.com/breast-cancer/1210/eat-orange-red-or-yellow-food-to-prevent-breast-cancer-3394.aspx
H2C CH2
C CH
H3C
Some types of carotenoids
Carotenoid Bioavailability
dietary lipid
fiber
presence of vitamins
minerals
Berg et al.2000. The potential for the improvement of carotenoid levels in foods and the likely systemic effects.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 80:880912
Karrer, P. and Jucker, E. 1950. Carotenoids. Elsevier, New York. Kawaguchi, A., Yutani, C., and Yamamoto, A. 2003.
Hypercholesterolemic valvulopathy: An aspect of malignant atherosclerosis. Ther. Apher., 7:439443.
Tsuchihashi, H., Kigoshi, M., Iwatsuki, M., and Niki, E. 1995. Action of beta- carotene as an antioxidant against lipid
peroxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 323:137147.
Clevidence, B.A. and Bieri, J.G. 1993. Association of carotenoids with human plasma lipoproteins. Methods
Enzymol., 214:3346.
Ribaya-Mercado, I.D., Ordovas, I.M., and Russell, R.M. l995a. Effect of -carotene supplementation on the
concentrations and distributions of carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin A, and cholesterol in plasma lipoprotein and
nonlipoprotein fractions in healthy older women. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 14:614 620.
Anguelovea, T. and Warthesen, J. 2000. Degradation of lycopene, -carotene, and -carotene during lipid
peroxidation. J. Food Sci., 65:71 75.
Erdman, J.W., Poor, C.L., and Dietz, J.M. 1988. Factors affecting the bioavail- ability of vitamin A, carotenoids, and
vitamin E. Food Technol., 10:214 221.
Agarwal, S. and Rao, A.V. 2000b. Role of antioxidant lycopene in cancer and heart disease. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.,
19:563569.