ACADEMIC PLAN

SUBJECT: FIBER OPTICS AND LASER INSTRUMENTATION

IV B.TECH II SEMESTER (EIE) (R13 Regulations)

Faculty: B Supraja

UNIT- I
SYLLABUS
Optical Fibers and Their Properties
Introduction to optical fiber - fiber characteristics - principles of light propagation through a fiber - Different types of fibers and
their properties - Losses in the optical fiber - Dispersion - advantages and disadvantages of optical fibers

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completion of the unit, students will be able to:
understand the history behind invention of optical fibers
understand the characteristics of optical fiber
understand the principles behind the propagation of light through the optical fiber
understand the properties of different types of optical fibers
understand the losses in the optical fiber and also dispersion in optical fiber
understand the advantages and disadvantages of optical fibers

LECTURE SCHEDULE
(Lecture schedule: 7 Hours)
LECTURE 1: Introduction to optical fiber
LECTURE 2: Fiber characteristics
LECTURE 3: Principles of light propagation through a fiber
LECTURE 4: Different types of fibers and their properties
LECTURE 5: Losses in the optical fiber
LECTURE 6: Dispersion
LECTURE 7: Advantages and Disadvantages of optical fibers

TUTORIAL-I
Explain the classification of Fibers based on index profile
Explain Snells Law
What is numerical Aperture? Derive expression for it.
What is V number about optical fibers? What is its significance?
Discuss the principles of propagation of light through fiber.

ASSIGNMENT -I
Discuss the advantages of optical fiber communication over conventional communication systems.
Discuss various losses in optical fiber
Define
1. acceptance angle
2. Total internal reflection
List out the advantages and disadvantages of optical fibers.

UNIT II
SYLLABUS
Opto-Electronic Components
Optical sources: LED, LD - Optical detectors: PIN, APD - Electro-optic, Magneto optic and Acousto-optic Modulators.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:
understand the working of LED
understand the working of LD
understand the working of PIN diode
understand the working of APD
learn about electro-optic effect and the working of electro-optic modulator
 learn about magneto-optic effect and the working of magneto-optic modulator
learn about acousto-optic effect and the working of acousto-optic modulator

LECTURE SCHEDULE
(Lecture schedule: 7 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Optical source: LED

LECTURE 2: Optical source: LD
LECTURE 3: Optical detector: PIN
LECTURE 4: Optical detector: APD
LECTURE 5: Electro-optic Modulators
LECTURE 6: Magneto optic Modulators
LECTURE 7: Acousto-optic Modulators

TUTORIAL-II

Explain the processes involved in LEDs

Explain PIN diode
Discuss the characteristics of LEDs
What are modulators? Explain the characteristics of modulators

ASSIGNMENT III
Explain S-LED and E-LED
Write short note on Avalanche Photo Diode
Explain any one modulator in detail
Explain following terms

Absorption

Quantum Efficiency

Responsivity

UNIT III

SYLLABUS
Industrial Applications of Optical Fibers
Interferometer method of measurement of length Moire fringes Measurement of pressure, Temperature, Current, Voltage,
Liquid level and strain - fiber optic Gyroscope Polarization maintaining fibers Applications

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to

learn about Interferometer method of measurement of length

learn about Moire Fringes method of measurement of pressure and strain
learn about measurement of temperature
learn about measurement of liquid level
learn about measurement of current, voltage
learn about fiber optic gyroscope
learn about polarization maintaining fibers and their applications

LECTURE SCHEDULE
(Lecture schedule:7 Hours)
LECTURE 1: Interferometer method of measurement of length
LECTURE 2: Measurement of pressure and strain
LECTURE 3: Measurement of Temperature
LECTURE 4: Measurement of Liquid level
LECTURE 5: Measurement of Current, Voltage
LECTURE 6: Fiber optic Gyroscope
LECTURE 7: Polarization maintaining fibers Applications.
 TUTORIAL-III
What are the optical fiber sensors? Explain the Optical displacement sensor in detail
Explain about the Fluro Optic Temperature sensor
Explain the process of level measurement using optical fibers

ASSIGNMENT III
Explain the phenomenon of polarization in detail
Explain how the single mode optical fiber sensor can be used for the measurement of current
Describe any two instruments used for pressure measurement by fiber optic sensors
Explain the operation of Fiber Gyroscope

UNIT IV
SYLLABUS

Laser Fundamentals
Introduction to lasers - Laser characteristics Laser configuration Three level and four level lasers Q-switching Mode
locking Types of lasers: Gas lasers, Solid lasers, Liquid lasers and Semiconductor lasers

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:
understand the laser configuration, characteristics and principles behind its working
understand about three level and four level lasers
understand about Q-switching concept
understand about Mode locking concept
understand about Gas lasers, Solid lasers, liquid lasers and semiconductor lasers

LECTURE SCHEDULE
(Lecture schedule:9 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Introduction to lasers - Laser characteristics Laser configuration

LECTURE 2: Principles behind working of lasers
LECTURE 3: Three level and four level lasers
LECTURE 4: Q-switching
LECTURE 5: Mode locking
LECTURE 6: Solid lasers
LECTURE 7: Gas lasers
LECTURE 8: Liquid lasers
LECTURE 9: Semiconductor lasers

TUTORIAL-IV
Explain the population inversion in LASER
Explain different methods of Q- Switching
Explain about Helium Neon Laser in detail
Write short note on Four level solid state lasers
Write short note on Semiconductor lasers

ASSIGNMENT - IV
Distinguish between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission
Explain Ruby laser with the help of neat sketch
What are the characteristics of Lasers?
What is the technique used to produce the ultra-short optical pulses in lasers? Explain in detail

UNIT V
SYLLABUS
Laser instrumentation
Industrial applications of lasers Lasers for measurement of distance, length, velocity, acceleration, current, voltage and
atmospheric effect - Bio-medical applications - Holography: Principle, Methods, Holographic Interferometers and applications.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:

learn about Industrial applications of lasers
learn about Lasers for measurement of distance, length, velocity, acceleration, current, voltage and atmospheric effect
learn about Bio-medical applications of lasers
learn about Holography principles
learn about Holographic Interferometers and applications.
LECTURE SCHEDULE
(Lecture schedule: 7 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Industrial applications of lasers

LECTURE 2: Lasers for measurement of distance, length, velocity, acceleration
LECTURE 3: Lasers for measurement of current, voltage
LECTURE 4: Lasers for measurement of atmospheric effect
LECTURE 5 Bio-medical applications of lasers
LECTURE 6: Principles behind Holography
LECTURE 7: Holographic Interferometers and applications

TUTORIAL-V
What are the industrial applications of laser?
What is the role of laser in displacement measurement?
Explain the design of a laser Doppler velocimeter.
Explain the progress of holographic retrieval and storage

ASSIGNMENT - V
Describe the use of lasers in Bio medical applications
What is the basic principle of holography? List out its applications.
Explain the process of current and voltage measurement using Laser