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Guyton & Hall: Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th Edition

UNIT VIII: Aviation, Space, and Deep-Sea Diving Physiology

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The barometric pressure is almost one-half that of sea level at an altitude of


a. 1000 feet
b. 7000 feet
c. 17,000 feet
d. 27,000 feet

ANS: C

2. Which of the following measurements are most likely to have been obtained from an
unacclimatized person at an altitude of 20,000 feet?
a. Alveolar PO2 = 40 mm Hg; alveolar PCO2 = 24 mm Hg; arterial oxygen saturation
= 73%
b. Alveolar PO2 = 104 mm Hg; alveolar PCO2 40 = mm Hg; arterial oxygen
saturation = 97%
c. Alveolar PO2 = 80 mm Hg; alveolar PCO2 = 7 mm Hg; arterial oxygen saturation =
80%
d. Alveolar PO2 = 40mm Hg; alveolar PCO2 = 44 mm Hg; arterial oxygen saturation
= 60%

ANS: A

3. Initial exposure to altitude is associated with


a. A rapid increase in ventilation
b. Hypocapnia
c. Respiratory alkalosis
d. All of the above

ANS: D

4. Oxygen saturation is most affected by


a. Flying in an unpressurized airplane at 23,000 feet
b. Breathing 100% O2 in an airplane at 40,000 feet
c. Breathing 100% O2 at the summit of Mount Everest
d. Orbiting the earth in a sealed spacecraft

ANS: A

Copyright 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.


Additional Test Bank 2

5. A decreased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) level in red blood cells is associated


with
a. An increase in altitude
b. A left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve
c. An increase in oxygen released to the tissues
d. An increase in oxygen uptake at the lungs

ANS: C

6. On immediate exposure to altitude, ventilation is stimulated by


a. Hypoxic stimulation of the arterial chemoreceptors
b. Hypoxic stimulation of the central chemoreceptors
c. Release of erythropoietin from the kidney
d. Changes in bicarbonate levels in cerebrospinal fluid

ANS: A

7. Acclimatization is associated with


a. A hematocrit of 60%
b. A hemoglobin concentration of 20 g/dl
c. An alveolar PCO2 of 7 mm Hg
d. All of the above

ANS: D

8. Chronic mountain sickness is associated with


a. An inappropriate increase in blood flow to the brain
b. A decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure
c. Right heart hypertrophy and heart failure
d. A decrease in pulmonary capillary volume

ANS: C

9. Which of the following statements concerning red blood cell production is false?
a. Red blood cell production increases during acclimatization to altitude.
b. Red blood cell production can occur in the spleen.
c. Red blood cell production depends on erythropoietin.
d. Red blood cell production is stimulated by an increase in carbon dioxide in arterial
blood.

ANS: D

Copyright 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.


Additional Test Bank 3

10. Which of the following statements about acute mountain sickness (AMS) is false?
a. AMS should be treated as a medical emergency.
b. AMS is associated with by cerebral edema.
c. AMS is associated with pulmonary edema.
d. AMS can be treated by hypobaria.

ANS: D

11. Effects of negative G forces


a. Can include lower extremity venous pooling
b. Can be reversed by tightening the abdominal muscles
c. Can include psychotic disturbances because of brain edema
d. Are negligible due to baroreceptor reflexes

ANS: C

12. Immediate effects of weightlessness often include


a. Motion sickness
b. Facial puffiness
c. Diuresis
d. All of the above

ANS: D

13. Prolonged stay in space is often associated with an


a. Increase in calcium reabsorption
b. Increase in blood volume
c. Increase in red cell mass
d. Increase in ventilation-perfusion inequalities

ANS: A

14. A scuba diver 100 feet below the water surface is exposed to how many atmospheres
of pressure?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

ANS: C

Copyright 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.


Additional Test Bank 4

15. How much denser is the air breathed from a scuba tank at a depth of 66 feet of sea
water than at sea level?
a. Same density
b. Twice as dense
c. Three times as dense
d. Four times as dense
e. Depends on amount of air left in scuba tank at that point

ANS: C

16. Compared with ordinary air, compressed air in a scuba tank filled to capacity has
a. The same gas composition
b. A greater percentage of oxygen
c. A greater percentage of nitrogen
d. Varying composition of oxygen and nitrogen, depending on the tank pressure

ANS: A

17. Nitrogen narcosis


a. Is independent of the depth of dive
b. Is caused from nitrogen coming out of solution and forming gas bubbles in the
circulation
c. Results from lack of oxygen going to the brain because of excess nitrogen
d. Results from nitrogen dissolving in neuron membranes and acting as an anesthetic
e. Results from diving with an elevated blood alcohol level

ANS: D

18. Acute oxygen poisoning or toxicity


a. Is associated with seizures, nausea, muscle twitching, and dizziness
b. Is associated with the formation of oxygen free radicals
c. Is exacerbated by exercise
d. All of the above

ANS: D

19. Symptoms of carbon dioxide excess include


a. Ear ache
b. Rashes
c. Joint pain
d. Headache
e. Respiratory alkalosis

ANS: D

Copyright 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.


Additional Test Bank 5

20. Decompression sickness is most commonly caused by


a. Oxygen bubbles
b. Nitrogen bubbles
c. Carbon dioxide bubbles
d. Gas bubbles

ANS: B

21. Decompression sickness


a. Occurs independent of the depth of a dive
b. Is usually associated with joint pain
c. Is eliminated if helium is used in the breathing mixture
d. Is treated using hypobaric oxygen

ANS: B

22. Which of the following tissue types are the fastest to absorb and release nitrogen?
a. Fat
b. Bone
c. Cartilage
d. Muscle

ANS: D

Copyright 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

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