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Mtodos numricos
PUNTOS 1 2 3 4 5
x 8 9 10 12 14
f(x) 0.90308999 0.95424251 1 1.07918125 1.14612804
Tabla 1
X F(X)
X0= 9 0.95424251
X1= 10 1
X2= 12 1.07918125
2 () = 0 + 1 ( 0 ) + 2 ( 0 )( 1 )
0 = (0 ) = 0.95424251
(1 ) (0 ) 1 0.95424251
1 = = = 0.04575749
1 0 10 9
(2 ) (1 ) (1 ) (0 ) 1.07918125 1 1 0.95424251
2 1 1 0 12 10 10 9
2 = = = 2.055621667 3
2 0 12 9
Ahora reemplazo todos los valores en el polinomio y lo evalu en x = log 11
2 () = 0 + 1 ( 0 ) + 2 ( 0 )( 1 )
X F(X)
X0= 9 0.95424251
X1= 10 1
X2= 12 1.07918125
X3= 14 1.14612804
0 8 0.90308999
0.05225252
1 9 0.95424251 -2.697515E-3
0.04575749 1.604733333E-4
2 10 1 -2.055621667E-3
0.039590625 1.052628334E-4
3 12 1.07918125 -1.5293075E-3
0.033473395 |
4 14 1.14612804
Polinomio de tercer grado
3 () = 0 + 1 ( 0 ) + 2 ( 0 )( 1 ) + 3 ( 0 )( 1 )( 2 )
Puntos 1 2 3 4 5
x 0 2 3 5 6
f(x) 0 0.57142857 0.69230769 0.80645161 0.8372093
Tabla 2
n=1
P1(x) = l0(x)*f(x0) + l1(x)*f(x1)
Donde X0 = 3 y X1 = 5
1 5
l0 = 0X1
= 2
0 3
l1 = 1X0
= 2
5 3
P1(x) = (0.69230769) + (0.80645161)
2 2
P1(4) = 0.74937965
n=2
P1(x) = l0(x)*f(x0) + l1(x)*f(x1) + l2(x)*f(x2)
Donde x0 = 2, x1 = 3 & x2 = 5
(1)(2) (3)(5)
l0 = (0X1)(XOX2)
= 3
(0)(2) (2)(5)
l1 = (1X0)(X1X2)
= 2
(0)(1) (2)(3)
l2 = =
(2X0)(X2X1) 6
P2(4) = 0.77064870
n=3
P3(x) = l0(x)*f(x0) + l1(x)*f(x1) + l2(x)*f(x2) + l3(x)*f(x3)
Donde x0 = 2, x1 = 3, x2 = 5 & x3 = 6
(1)(2)(3) (3)(5)(6)
l0 = =
(0X1)(XOX2)(X0X3) 12
(0)(2)(3) (2)(5)(6)
l1 = (1X0)(X1X2)(X1X3)
= 6
(0)(1)(3) (2)(3)(6)
l2 = =
(2X0)(X2X1)(X2X3) 6
(0)(1)(2) (2)(3)(5)
l3 = (3X0)(X3X1)(X3X2)
= 12
(3)(5)(6) (2)(5)(6)
P3(x) = (0.57142857) + (0.69230769) +
12 6
(2)(3)(6) (2)(3)(5)
(0.80645161) + (0.8372093)
6 12
P3(4) = 0.76439972
n=4
P3(x) = l0(x)*f(x0) + l1(x)*f(x1) + l2(x)*f(x2) + l3(x)*f(x3) + l4(x)*f(x4)
Donde x0 = 0, x1 = 2, x2 = 3, x3 = 5 & x4 = 6
(1)(2)(3)(4) (2)(3)(5)(6)
l0 = (0X1)(XOX2)(X0X3)(X0X4)
= 180
(0)(2)(3)(4) (3)(5)(6)
l1 = (1X0)(X1X2)(X1X3)(X1X4)
= 24
(0)(1)(3)(4) (2)(5)(6)
l2 = (2X0)(X2X1)(X2X3)(X2X4)
= 18
(0)(1)(2)(4) (2)(3)(6)
l3 = (3X0)(X3X1)(X3X2)(X3X4)
= 30
(0)(1)(2)(3) (2)(3)(5)
l4 = (4X0)(X4X1)(X4X2)(X4X3)
= 72
(2)(3)(5)(6) (3)(5)(6)
P3(x) = (0) + (0.57142857) +
180 24
(2)(5)(6) (2)(3)(6) (2)(3)(5)
(0.69230769) + (0.80645161) + (0.8372093)
18 30 72
P3(4) = 0.76199273
3) Ajustar con segmentos cuadrticos los datos de la tabla e interpole F(3) y F(4.5).
PUNTOS 0 1 2 3 4
X 0 2.5 4 5 6.5
Primera condicin
Segunda condicin
0 0 2 + 0 0 + 0 = (0 ) 0 = 0
Tercera condicin
20 1 + 0 = 21 1 + 1 2(2,5)0 + 0 = 2(2,5)1 + 1
21 2 + 1 = 22 2 + 2 2(4)1 + 1 = 2(4)2 + 2
22 3 + 2 = 23 3 + 3 2(5)2 + 2 = 2(5)3 + 3
Cuarta condicin
20 = 0 0 = 0
Armamos la matriz
2,5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,7815409
0 0 16 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,00996209
0 0 0 0 0 16 4 1 0 0 0 1,00996209
0 0 0 0 0 25 5 1 0 0 0 0,85090408
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 1 0,85090408
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -8 -1 0 8 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 -10 -1 0 10 1 0 0
=
=
4. En la siguiente tabla
Puntos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
V 26.51 22.6 19.5 14.5 12.5 10.51 9.2
P 14.8 17.2 20.8 28.9 33.8 40.1 45.1
v es el volumen de un pie3 de una libra de vapor y P es la presin en psia. Encuentre los parmetros a
y b de la ecuacin: P = a vb , aplicando el mtodo de mnimos cuadrados y determine P(20).
0 = 1
=0 22.95905053
Donde =
=
7
= 3.279864361
=0 19.13729435
= = =2.733899193
7
=0 =0 =0 7(439.374108) 439.374108
1 = 2 = =
=0 2 (=0 ) 7(53.27580778) 53.27580778
= =
6. Emplee la extrapolacin de Richardson para estimar la primera derivada de y = sen 2x- cos x ; en x
= /4, con el uso de tamaos de paso de h1= /3 y h2 = /6. Utilice diferencias centradas con alta
exactitud.
4 1
(2 ) (1 )
3 2
CUANDO 1 = 3
CUANDO 2 = 6
X F(X) X F(X)
1
= ( ) -0.75882 2 = ( ) -1.4659
12
-1.4659 1 -0.46592
= ( ) 1 = ( )
12
= 0.29289 = 0.29289
4
5
+ = ( ) -0.24118 +1 = ( ) 0.24118
12
0.46592 5 -0.24118
+ = ( ) +2 = ( )
12
Evaluado cuando 1 =
3
Evaluado cuando 2 =
6
0.24118 + 8(0.24118) 8(0.46592) + (1.4659)
( ) = = 0.70539
12( 6)
Ahora reemplazo en
4 1
(2 ) (1 )
3 2
4 1
(0.70539) (0.68222) = 0.71311
3 2
Ahora vamos a hallar el error verdadero con respecto al dato exacto de la integral
= 2
= 2 + = 0.70711
0.70711 0.71311
= | | 100 = | | 100 = 0.85%
0.70711
9. Determine el valor promedio para los datos de la figura 1. Realice la integral que se necesita para el
promedio en el orden que muestra la ecuacin siguiente:
4
[8 + 2(8 6) + 4] = 64
2
4
[4 + 2(2 + 2) + 7] = 6
2
4
[2 + 2(1 + 10) + 10] = 28
2
Figura 1
2
[64 + 2(6) + 28] = 24
2
24
= = | | = 0.5
124
2
[2 + 2(4) 8] = 18
2
2
[1 + 2(2) 8] = -13
2
2
[4 + 2(2) 6] = 2
2
2
[10 + 2(7) + 4] = 28
2
4
[18 + 2(13 + 2) + 28] = 24
2
24
= = | | = 0.5
124