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GATE Electrical Engineering Topicwise Solved Paper by RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Page 496

SOLUTION

SOL 1.9.1 Option (C) is correct.


Given,
L = 100 mH
p
C = 100 mF
p
When the circuit is triggered by 10 ms pulse, the thyristor is short circuited and
so, we consider
IC = Im sin wt
Therefore, voltage stored across capacitor is
VC = 1 IC dt #
C
= Vm ^1 - cos wt h

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where w is angular frequency obtained as
w = 1 = 1 = p # 10 4
LC b p l # 10
100 -6

So, T = 1 = 2p = 200 ms
f w
As IC = Im sin wt oscillates between - ve and - ve half cycle so,
circuit is conducting for only half of cycle and thyristor is open after half cycle.
i.e., the conduction period = T = 100 ms
2
SOL 1.9.2 Option (D) is correct.
Given, the rated armature current
Ia^rated h = 20 A
as rated armature voltage
Va^rated h = 150 volt
Also, for the armature, we have
La = 0.1 mH , Ra = 1 W
and T = 50% of Trated ^T " Torqueh
So, we get
I = 6Ia^rotatedh@^0.5h = 10 A
N = Nrated ,
I f = I f rated " rated field current
At the rated conditions,
E = V - Ia^ratedh Ra
= 150 - 20 ^1 h = 130 volt
For given torque,
V = E + Ia Ra = 130 + ^10h^1 h = 140 V
Therefore, chopper output = 140 V
or, D ^200h = 140
or, D = 140 = 0.7 (D " duty cycle)
200

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SOL 1.9.3 Option (C) is correct.


Here, as the current from source of 12 V is the same as that pass through inductor.
So, the peak to peak current ripple will be equal to peak to peak inductor current.
Now, the peak to peak inductor current can be obtained as
IL (Peak to Peak) = Vs D Ts
L
where, Vs " source voltage = 12 volt ,
L " inductance = 100mH = 10-4 H ,
D " Duty ration = 0.4 ,
TS " switching time period of MOSFET = 1
fS
and fs " switching frequency = 250 kHz
Therefore, we get
IL^Peak to Peakh = 12-4 # 0.4 # 1
10 250 # 103
= 0.192 A
This is the peak to peak source current ripple.

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SOL 1.9.4 Option (B) is correct.
Here, the average current through the capacitor will be zero. (since, it is a boost
converter). We consider the two cases :
Case I : When MOSFET is ON
ic =- i 0
1
(i 0 is output current)
(since, diode will be in cut off mode)
Case II : When MOSFET is OFF
Diode will be forward biased and so
ic = Is - i 0
1
(Is is source current)
Therefore, average current through capacitor
i + Ic
Ic, avg = c 1 2

2
DTs ^- io h + ^1 - D h Ts ^Is - io h
& 0= (D is duty ratio)
2
Solving the equation, we get
Is = i0 ....(1)
^1 - D h
Since, the output load current can be given as
V/ 12/0.6
i 0 = V0 = s 1 - D = = 1A
R R 20
Hence, from Eq. (1)
Is = i 0 = 1 = 5 A
1-D 0.6 3
SOL 1.9.5 Option (D) is correct.
We consider the following two cases :
Case I : When Q1, Q2 ON
In this case the + ve terminal of V0 will be at higher voltage. i.e. V0 > 0 and so
i 0 > 0 (i.e., it will be + ve ). Now, when the Q1 , Q2 goes to OFF condition we
consider the second case.
Case II : When Q 3 , Q 4 ON and Q , Q2 OFF :
In this condition, - ve terminal of applied voltage V0 will be at higher potential
i.e., V0 < 0 and since, inductor opposes the change in current so, although the

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polarity of voltage V0 is inversed, current remains same in inductor i.e. I 0 > 0 .


This is the condition when conduction have been asked.
In this condition ^V0 > 0, I 0 > 0h since, IGBTs cant conduct reverse
currents therefore current will flow through D 3, D 4 until ID becomes negative.
Thus, D 3 and D 4 conducts.
SOL 1.9.6 Option (D) is correct.
When Q 3, Q 4 is switched ON, initially due to the reverse current it remain in OFF
state and current passes through diode. In this condition the voltage across Q 3
and Q 4 are zero as diodes conduct. Hence, it shows zero voltage switching during
turn-ON
SOL 1.9.7 Option (D) is correct.
The circuit of a single-phase half controlled bridge rectifier with RL load and free
wheel diode is shown as below.

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The voltage current wave forms are shown in figure below.

We note that, for continuous load current, the flywheel diode conducts from p
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to p + a in a cycle. Thus, fraction of cycle that freewheel diode conducts is a/p.


Thus fraction of cycle that freewheel diode conducts is a/p.
SOL 1.9.8 Option (B) is correct.
The latching current is higher than the holding current. Usually, latching current
is taken two to three times the holding currents.
SOL 1.9.9 Option (C) is correct.
IS = I 0 + Tic = 5 + 0.8 = 5.8 A
2
SOL 1.9.10 Option (B) is correct.
For a three-phase bridge inverter, rms value of output line voltage is
VL = 2V = 2 300 Vdc = 300 V
3 dc 3 #
= 141.4 V
SOL 1.9.11 Option (D) is correct.
2
(141.4) 2
P = 3 # VL = 3 # - 3 kW
R 20
SOL 1.9.12 Option (C) is correct.

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Only option C allow bi direction power flow from source to the drive

SOL 1.9.13 Option (C) is correct.


Once the SCR start conducting by an forward current, the gate has no control on
it and the device can be brought back to the blocking state only by reducing the
forward current to a level below that of holding current. This process of turn-off
is called commutation. This time is known as the circuit turn-off time of an SCR.
SOL 1.9.14 Option (A) is correct.
Maximum current through main thyristor
C = 10 + 200
IM (max) = I 0 + Vs 0.1 # 10-6 = 12 A
L 1 # 103
Maximum current through auxiliary thyristor
IA (max) = I 0 = 10 A
SOL 1.9.15 Option (A) is correct.
Output voltage of 3-phase bridge converter
V0 = 3 3 Vph cos a
p
Maximum output
(V0) max = 3 3 Vph cos a = 1
p

= 3 3 # 400 # 2
p 3
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= 540.6 V
Resistance of filter choke is 10 W, So
(V0) max = E + IR chock
540.6 = 400 + I (10)
I - 14 A
SOL 1.9.16 Option (D) is correct.
kVA rating = 3 VL IL = 3 # 400 # 6 # 14
p
= 7.5 kVA
SOL 1.9.17 Option (A) is correct.
The figure shows a step down chopper circuit.
a Vout = DVin
where, D = Duty cycle and D < 1
SOL 1.9.18 Option (C) is correct.
Given figure as

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The I -V characteristic are as

Since diode connected in series so I can never be negative.


When current flows voltage across switch is zero and when current is zero than
there may be any voltage across switch.
SOL 1.9.19 Option (A) is correct.
Given fully-controlled thyristor converter, when firing angle a = 0 , dc output
voltage Vdc = 300 V
0

If a = 60c, then Vdc = ?


For fully-controlled converter
2 2 Vdc
Vdc = cos a
1
0
p
a a = 0 , Vdc = 300 V
0

2 2 Vdc
300 = cos 0c
1

p
Vdc = 300p
2 2
1

At a = 60c, Vdc = ? 2

Vdc = 2 2 # 300p cos 60c = 300 # 1 = 150 V


p 2
2 2 2
SOL 1.9.20 Option (C) is correct.
SCR has the property that it can be turned ON but not OFF with a gate pulse,
So SCR is being considered to be a semi-controlled device.

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SOL 1.9.21 Option (D) is correct.

Current wave form for iL


vL = LdiL
dt
iL = 1 # vL dt
2
for 0 < wt +p, vL = vin = 10 sin wt = diL
dt
iL = 1 # vL dt =- cos 100pt + C
2
at 100pt = p/2 , iL = 0 , C = 0

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iL =- 100 cos pt
iL (peak) = 1 Amp for p < wt vL = vin = 0

SOL 1.9.22 Option (C) is correct.


In CSI let T3 and T4 already conducting at t = 0
At triggering T1 and T2 , T3 and T4 are force cumulated.
Again at t = T , T1 and T2 are force cumulated. This completes a cycle.
2

Time constant t = RC = 4 # 0.5 = 2 m sec


Frequency f = 1 = 1 = 500 kHz
t 2 # 10- 6
SOL 1.9.23 Option (A) is correct.
duty ratio TM = 0.8

Maximum dv on TM = 50 V/msec
dt
Minimum value of C1 =?
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Given that current ripple through L 0 is negligible.


Current through TM = Im = duty ratio # current
= 0.8 # 12.5 = 10 A
a Im = C1 dv
dt
10 = C1 # 50- 6
10
C1 = 50 # 10- 6 = 0.2 mF
10
SOL 1.9.24 Option (C) is correct.
Characteristics are as

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SOL 1.9.25 Option (A) is correct.

R + jXL = 50 + 50j
` tan f = wL = 50 = 1
R 50
f = 45c
so, firing angle a must be higher the 45c, Thus for 0 < a < 45c, V0 is
uncontrollable.
SOL 1.9.26 Option (D) is correct.
A 3-f voltage source inverter is operated in 180c mode in that case third harmonics

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are absent in pole voltage and line voltage due to the factor cos (np/6). so both
are free from 3rd harmonic components.
SOL 1.9.27 Option (B) is correct.
In this case f = 1
TON1 + TON 2
TON 2
and, D =
TON1 + TON 2
SOL 1.9.28 Option (B) is correct.
Given a = 30c, in a 1-f fully bridge converter
we know that,
Power factor = Distortion factor # cos a
D.f. (Distortion factor) = Is(fundamental) /Is = 0.9
power factor = 0.9 # cos 30c
= 0.78
SOL 1.9.29 Option (A) is correct.
Output of this

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Here the inductor makes T1 and T3 in ON because current passing through T1
and T3 is more than the holding current.
SOL 1.9.30 Option (C) is correct.
Input is given as

Here load current does not have any dc component


` Peak current occur at (p/w)
` Vs = L di
dt
200 = 0.1 # di
dt
Here di = a p kb 1 l = 1
2p 50 100
So di(max) = 200 # 1 # 1 = 20 A
100 0.1
SOL 1.9.31 Option (C) is correct.
Here for continuous conduction mode, by Kirchoffs voltage law, average load

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current

V - 2Ia + 150 = 0
Ia = V + 150
2
` I1 = 10 A, So
V =- 130 V
2Vm cos a =- 130
p
2# 2 # 230 cos a =- 130c
p
a = 129c

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Option (B) is correct.
SOL 1.9.32

Total rms current Ia = 2 10 = 8.16 A


3#
Fundamental current Ia1 = 0.78 # 10 = 7.8 A

THD = 1 -1
DF2
where
DF = Ia1 = 0.78 # 10 = 0.955
Ia 0.816 # 10
1 2
` THD = b 0.955 l - 1 = 31%

SOL 1.9.33 Option (C) is correct.

In the given diagram


when switch S is open I 0 = IL = 4 A, Vs = 20 V
when switch S is closed ID = 0, V0 = 0 V
Duty cycle = 0.5 so average voltage is Vs
1-d
Average current = 0 + 4 = 2 amp
2
Average voltage = 20 = 40 V
1 - 0.5
SOL 1.9.34 Option (A) is correct.
Firing angle a = 25c
Overlap angle m = 10c
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so, I 0 = Vm [cos a - cos (a + m)]


wLs

` 20 = 230 2 [cos 25c - cos (25c + 10c)]


2p # 50Ls
` Ls = 0.0045 H

V0 = 2Vm cos a - wLsI 0


p p
-3
= 2 # 230 2 cos 25c - 2 # 3.14 # 50 # 4.5 # 10 # 20
3.14 3.14
= 187.73 - 9 = 178.74c
Displacement factor = V0 I 0 = 178.25 # 20 = 0.78
Vs Is 230 # 20
SOL 1.9.35 Option (C) is correct.
Given that
P = 50 # 1000 W
Vd = 420

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So P = Vd # Id
Id = 50 # 1000 = 119.05
420
RMS value of thyristor current = 119.05 = 68.73
3
SOL 1.9.36 Option (B) is correct.
Single phase full wave half controlled bridge converter feeds an Inductive load.
The two SCRs in the converter are connected to a common dc bus. The converter
has to have free wheeling diode because the converter does not provide for free
wheeling for high values of triggering angles.
SOL 1.9.37 Option (D) is correct.
If we connect the MOSFET with the VSI, but the six MOSFETs are connected in
bridge configuration, in that case they also operated as constant current sources
in the saturation region so this statement is false.
SOL 1.9.38 Option (C) is correct.
Given that, total harmonic distortion

THD = Vrms - V 12
2

V1 # 100

Pulse width is 150c


Vrms = b 150 V = 0.91V
180 l s
Here s

V1 = Vrms(fundamental) = 0.4Vs sin 75c = 0.8696Vs


p# 2
(0.91Vs) - (0.87Vs) 2
2
THD = = 31.9%
(0.87Vs) 2
SOL 1.9.39 Option (A) is correct.
When losses are neglected,
3# 2 # 440 cos a = K 750 # 2p
m#
p 60
Here back emf e with f is constant
e = V0 = Km wm
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440 = Km # 1500 # 2p
60
Km = 2.8
cos a = 0.37
at this firing angle
Vt = 3 2 # 440 # (0.37) = 219.85 V
p
Ia = 1500 = 34.090
440
Isr = Ia 2/3 = 27.83

p.f. = Vt Is = 0.354
3 Vs Isr
SOL 1.9.40 Option (D) is correct.
Vs = 230 = 57.5
4
Here charging current = I
Vm sin q = 12

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q1 = 8.486 = 0.148 radian
Vm = 81.317 V
e = 12 V
There is no power consumption in battery due to ac current, so average value of
charging current.
Iav(charging) = 1 [2Vm cos q1 - e (p - 2q1)]
2p # 19.04
= 1 [2 V cos q1 - 12 (p - 2q1)]
2p # 19.04 # m #
= 1.059 W/A
SOL 1.9.41 Option (C) is correct.
Conduction angle for diode is 270c as shown in fig.

SOL 1.9.42 Option ( ) is correct.


SOL 1.9.43 Option (C) is correct.
Here, Vm = maximum pulse voltage that can be applied
so = 10 - 1 - 1 - 1 = 7 V
Here 1 V drop is in primary transistor side, so that we get 9V pulse on the
secondary side. Again there are 1 V drop in diode and in gate cathode junction
each.
I g max = 150 mA

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So R = Vm = 7 = 46.67 W
Ig max 150 mA
SOL 1.9.44 Option (A) is correct.
We know that the pulse width required is equal to the time taken by ia to rise
upto iL
so, Vs = L di + Ri (VT . 0)
dt
ia = 200 [1 - e- t/0.15]
1
Here also t = T, ia = iL = 0.25
0.25 = 200 [1 - e- T/0.5]
T = 1.876 # 10- 4 = 187.6 ms
Width of pulse = 187.6 ms
Magnitude of voltage = 10 V
Vsec rating of P.T. = 10 # 187.6 ms
= 1867 mV-s is approx to 2000 mV-s

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SOL 1.9.45 Option (D) is correct.
If we varying the frequency for speed control, V/f should be kept as constant so
that, minimum flux density (Bm ) also remains constant
So, V = 4.44NBm Af

SOL 1.9.46 Option (D) is correct.


In first half cycle D 1 will conduct and D 2 will not and at q = 0 there is zero
voltage. So current wave form is as following

SOL 1.9.47 Option (B) is correct.


In the PWM inverter
V0 = output voltage of inverter
V0 = / 4Vs sin nd sin nwt sin np/2
3

n = 1 np

So the pulse width = 2d = 144c


V01 = 4Vs sin 72c sin wt
p
V03 = 4Vs sin ^3 # 72ch sin 3wt
3p
4Vs sin (3 # 72c)
V 3p #
so, bV01 max l = = 19.61%
03
4Vs sin 72c
p

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SOL 1.9.48 Option (C) is correct.


Given that
400 V, 50 Hz AC source, a = 60c, IL = 10 A
so,
Input displacement factor = cos a = 0.5
and, input power factor = D.F. # cos a
4 # 10 sin 60c
Is(fundamental)
distortion factor = = p# 2
Is 10 # 2/3
= 0.955
so, input power factor = 0.955 # 0.5 = 0.478
SOL 1.9.49 Option (A) is correct.
We know that
T = RC ln 2
So C = T = 100 = 2.88 mF
R # 0.693 50 # 0.693
SOL 1.9.50 Option (A) is correct.

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Let we have
R solar = 0.5 W , I 0 = 20 A
so Vs = 350 - 20 # 0.5 = 340 V
` 340 = 3 # 440 # 2 cos a
p
cos a = 55c
So each thyristor will reverse biased for 180c - 55c = 125c.
SOL 1.9.51 Option (C) is correct.
In this circuitry if SCR gets open circuited, than circuit behaves like a half wave
rectifier.

So
I avg = Average value of current
= 1 #
p-q
(Vm sin wt - E) dq
1

2pR q 1

a I 0(avg) = 1 62Vm cos q - E (p - 2q1)@


2p R

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= 1 [2 (230
2p # 2 # # 2 ) cos q - 200 (p - 2q1)]

q1 = sin- 1 b E l = sin- 1 c 200


230 # 2 m
= 38c = 0.66 Rad
Vm
I 0 (avg) = 1 [2 2
`
2p # 2 # 230 cos 38c - 200 (p - 2 # 0.66)]

= 11.9 A
SOL 1.9.52 Option (B) is correct.

In this given circuit minimum gate pulse width time= Time required by ia rise
up to iL
i2 = 100 3 = 20 mA
5 # 10

`
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20
anode current I = I1 + I2 = 0.02 + 5 [1 - e- 40t]
0.05 = 0.05 + 5 [1 - e- 40t]
1 - e- 40t = 0.03
5
T = 150 ms
SOL 1.9.53 Option (B) is correct.
Given IL = 10 A . So in the + ve half cycle, it will charge the capacitor, minimum
time will be half the time for one cycle.
so min time required for charging
= p = p LC
w0
= 3.14 # 2 # 10- 3 # 10- 6 = 140 m sec
SOL 1.9.54 Option (C) is correct.
Given Ton = 140 m sec
Average output = Ton # V
Ttotal
Ttotal = 1/f = 1 = 1 msec
103
-6
so average output = 140 # 10-3 # 250 = 35 V
1 # 10
SOL 1.9.55 Option (A) is correct.
The conduction loss v/s MOSFET current characteristics of a power MOSFET is
best approximated by a parabola.
SOL 1.9.56 Option (B) is correct.
In a 3-f bridge rectifier
Vrms = 400 V , f = 50 Hz
This is purely resistive then

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instantaneous voltage V0 = 2 Vrms = 400 2 V


SOL 1.9.57 Option (C) is correct.
A 3-f square wave (symmetrical) inverter contains only odd harmonics.
SOL 1.9.58 Option (A) is correct.
In Ideal condition we take voltage across the device is zero.
average power loss during switching = VI (t1 + t2) (turn ON)
2
SOL 1.9.59 Option (C) is correct.
So in P thyristor blocks voltage in both polarities until gate is triggered and also
in R transistor along with diode can do same process.
SOL 1.9.60 Option (C) is correct.
Duty ratio a = 0.5
T = 1 -3
here - 3 = 10 sec
1 # 10
Ta = L = 200 mH = 40 msec
R 5
(1 - e- aT/Ts) (1 - e- (1 - a) T/Ta)
Ripple = Vs = G

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R 1 - e- T/Ts
(TI) max = Vs = 100
4fL 4 # 103 # 200 # 10- 3
= 0.125 A
SOL 1.9.61 Option (C) is correct.
Tst = 15 Nm
TL = 7 Nm
= 2 rad/sec2
a
= Ia
T
so = Tst - TL = 8 Nm
T
I = 8 = 4 kgm2
2
SOL 1.9.62 Option (B) is correct.
We know that Vrms = 230 V
so, Vm = 230 # 2 V
If whether a 1 90c
Then Vpeak = Vm sin a = 230
230 2 sin a = 230
sin a = 1
2
angle a = 135c
SOL 1.9.63 Option (D) is correct.
When we use BJT as a power control switch by biasing it in cut-off region or in
the saturation region. In the on state both the base emitter and base-collector
junction are forward biased.
SOL 1.9.64 Option (A) is correct.
Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) across full wave rectifier is 2Vm
Vm = 50 2 V

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so, PIV = 100 2 V


SOL 1.9.65 Option (D) is correct.
Vb = 12 ! 4 V
Vb max = 16 V
Vb min = 8 V
V (min) 8
Required value of R = b = = 800 W
Ig 10 # 10- 3
SOL 1.9.66 Option (C) is correct.

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Ripple frequency = 3f = 3 # 400 = 1200 Hz
So from V0 ripple frequency = 1200 Hz
SOL 1.9.67 Option (C) is correct.
Given that R = 0.15 W
I = 15 A
So average power losses = 1 # p/w I 2 Rdt
(2p/w) 0
= w # 102 # 0.15 # p/w
2p
= 7.5 W
SOL 1.9.68 Option (D) is correct.
Output dc voltage across load is given as following
1
Vdc = 2 V ; 1 &(2p - a) + sin 2a 0E2
ap 2
1
1 p sin p/2 2
=
2 # 230 2
>p # 'a2p - 4 k + b 2 l1H
p
4
= 317.8 V
2
(317.8) 2
losses = V dc = = 10100 W
R 100
SOL 1.9.69 Option (C) is correct.
Vs = 100 V , duty ratio = 0.8 , R = 10 W

So average current through diode = aVs


R
= 0.8 # 100 = 8 A
10
SOL 1.9.70 Option (D) is correct.
Peak current through S 1

I = I 0 + VS C/L = 20 + 200 2 # 10- 6 = 40 A


200 # 10- 6

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SOL 1.9.71 Option ( ) is correct.


SOL 1.9.72 Option (C) is correct.

so
500 - (- 1500) 2p
a =; E # 60 = 418.67 rad/sec
2
0.5
and T = 40 Nm
T = Ia

I = T # 40 = 0.096 kgm2
a 418.67
SOL 1.9.73 Option (D) is correct.

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When thyristor turned on at that time J2 junction will break. So J1, J2, J3 all
are in forward bias.
SOL 1.9.74 Option (D) is correct.
The ON-OFF state of switch is given on VDS - IS plane as following

When VDS =+ ve , diode conducts and IS = 0


VDS =- ve , diode opens, but IS = 0 , D "- ve potential.
SOL 1.9.75 Option (B) is correct.
P. Field control-Above base speed
Q. Armature control-below base torque
SOL 1.9.76 Option (A) is correct.
As we know in fully controlled rectifier.
VPP = Vm - Vm cos (p/6 + a) a a = 30c
or VPP = Vm [1 - cos (p/6 + 30c)]
or VPP = 0.5
Vm
SOL 1.9.77 Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 1.9.78 Option (A) is correct.
In the chopper during turn on of chopper V -t area across L is,
T T di dt = # imax Ldi
#0 onVL dt = #0 on L b dt l i min

= L (i max - i min) = L ^DI h

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V -t are applied to L is = (60 - 12) Ton


= 48Ton
So now volt area
-3
DI = 48Ton = 48 # 0.2 #-10 = 0.48 A
L 20 # 10 3
SOL 1.9.79 Option (A) is correct.

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3
4VS
Output voltage V0 = / b np l^sin nd h^sin nwt h^sin np/2h
n = 1, 3, 5
` RMS value of fundamental component
Vrms(fundamental) = 4VS sin d # 1
2p
a = 120c, 2d = 120c & d = 60c

Vrms(fundamental) = 4VS # sin 60c


2p
= 0.78VS = 0.78 V
SOL 1.9.80 Option (A) is correct.
After removing 5 th harmonic
5d = 0, p, 2p
` Pulse width = 2d = a = 0, 2p , 4p
5 5
= 0c, 72c, 144c
SOL 1.9.81 Option (C) is correct.
NSa = 3000 rpm
Na = 2850 rpm
SFL = 3000 - 2850 = 0.05
3000

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where by (V/f) control


Nsb = 3000 b 40 l = 2400 rpm
50
` N2 = new running speed of motor
= 2400 b1 - 0.05 l = 2340 rpm
2
SOL 1.9.82 Option (C) is correct.
For six pulse thyristor rectifier bridge the lowest frequency component in AC
source line current is of 250 Hz.
SOL 1.9.83 Option (A) is correct.
Given a step down chopper is operated in continuous conduction mode in steady
state with a constant duty Ratio D .
V0 " dc output voltage .
Vs " dc input voltage
V0 = D = duty ratio
Vs
SOL 1.9.84 Option ( ) is correct.

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SOL 1.9.85 Option (B) is correct.
From figure
(V12) rms = : 1 # V s2 dwD
f 1/2

p0
f
= Vs # f = Vs
p p
SOL 1.9.86 Option (C) is correct.
Given that, V = 200 sin wt
f = 50 Hz
Power dispatched in the load resistor R = ?
First we have to calculate output of rectifier.
(V0) rms = : 1 # (200 sin wt) 2 dwtD
p 1/2

p0
= 200 ; # b 1 - cos 2wt l dwtE
p 1/2

p 0 2
= 200 ;1 b wt - sin 2wt l E
p 1/2

p 2 2 0
200 1 1/2
200
= : # pD =
p 2 2
Power dissipiated to resistor
^V0h2rms e 200
2
2
PR = = o = 400 W
R 50
SOL 1.9.87 *
Given f = 20 kHz
D = 0.5
Power transferred from source V1 to V2 = ?
Time period t = 1 = 1 = 50 m sec
f 20 # 10- 3
D = 0.5

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tON = 25 m sec , t off = 25 m sec


at tON , energy will stored in inductor circuit
v = L di
dt
100 = 100 # 10- 6 di
dt
di = 106
dt
i = 106 t + i (0) a i (0) = 0
i = 106 t ...(1)
E = 1 Li2
2
E = 1 # 100 # 10- 6 # 1012 # 25 # 25 # 10- 12
2
E = 3.1250 # 10- 2 J
Now power transferred during t off
-2
Pt = 3.1250 # 10 = 12.5 # 102 W

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-6
25 # 10
SOL 1.9.88 Option (B) is correct.
For providing electrical isolation it is necessary to connect a pulse transformer at
the output stage of a thyristor triggering circuit.
SOL 1.9.89 Option (A) is correct.
In ac to dc circulating current dual converters if triggering angles are a1 and a 2
, than it is necessary that
a1 + a2 = 180c
SOL 1.9.90 Option (D) is correct.
Given a half wave Thyristor converter supplies a purely inductive load
Triggering angle a = 120c
than extinction angle b = ?

First we have to draw its output characteristics as shown below

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output is given by
i 0 = Vm sin (wt - f) - Vm sin (a - f) exp b - R - a l ...(1)
Z Z wL
We know at extinction angle i.e. wt = b , i 0 = 0

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from equation (1), at (wt = b)
0 = Vm sin (b - f) - Vm sin (a - f) ec
Z Z
or sin (b - f) = sin (a - f)
or b-f = a-f
or b = a = 120c
SOL 1.9.91 Option (D) is correct.
a f = 50 Hz
So total time = 1 = 1 = 20 msec
f 50
Conduction time for each feedback diode in a cycle is being given by
t conduction = 20 = 2.5 msec
8
SOL 1.9.92 *
Given a voltage commulated thyristor chopper circuit in figure which is operated
at 500 Hz, with 50% duty ratio.
IL = 20 A (constant)
We have to evaluate
(a) Toff for thyristor Th 1
(b) L = ? if peak current through Th 1 is 180% limited
(c) Maximum instantaneous output voltage
-6
Turn off time Toff = CVs = 6 # 10 # 100 = 30 m sec
IL 20
Peak current through Th 1
i Th = I 0 + Vdc C
1
L
a i Th = 1.8IL = 1.8 # 20 = 36 A
1

36 = 20 + 100 6 # 10- 6
L
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or 0.16 = 6 # 10- 6
L
-6
L = 6 # 10 2 = 2.34 # 10- 4 H
(0.16)
Maximum instantaneous output voltage
Vm = 2Vdc = 200 V
SOL 1.9.93 *
Given in figure separately excited dc motor is controlled by varying its armature
voltage using 1-f full converter bridge.
Motor voltage constant Kv = 2.5 V/rad/sec
Motor Torque T = 140 Nm , a = 60c
armature current continuous and ripple free.
(a) Ia = ?
(b) Nm = ?
(c) rms of fundamental component of input current.

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(a) a Motor Torque T = Eb Ia and Eb = Kv w

Than Kv wIa = Tw

Ia = T = 140 = 50 Amp
Kv 25
(b) In dc motor we know
Ia = V0 - Eb
Ra
V0 = 2Vm cos a
p
Eb = V0 - Ia Ra
= 2 # 250 2 cos 60c
p
Eb = 500 2 # 2 - 20 (0.2)
p
Eb = 215.2 V
w = Ea Ia = 215.2 # 20 = 30.74 rad/sec
T 140
(c) Rms value of fundamental component of input current
Isr = Ior
2 ; 1 b(p - a) + 1 sin 2a lE
1/2

p 2
Ior = 56 Amp , a = 60c
Isr = 56
1 p
2 : ap - k + 1 sin 120cD
1/2

p 3 2

Isr = 39.6 = 61.34 Amp


2 - 1 1/2
b3 4l

***********

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