REFERENCE

And
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL

OPTEC 2300
VISION TESTER
MODEL AFVT
NSN 6540-01-375-9031

STEREO OPTICAL CO., INC.

8623 W. Bryn Mawr Avenue, Suite 502, Chicago, IL 60631 USA 1.773.867.0380 or 1.800.344.9500
Fax: 1.773.867.0388 E-mail: sales@stereooptical.com Website: www.stereooptical.com

Copyright Stereo Optical Company, Inc 2008 P/N 70226

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

I. Features 2-5

II. Maintenance/Replacement Parts List 6-29

III. Test Administration 30-35

IV. Administration of Optional Tests 35-36

V. Standard Questions & Scoring Procedure

36-39
A Summary

VI. Sample Scoring Key 40-41

VII. Sample Record Form 42

VIII. Sample Test Slides/Replacement Slide List

43-51
Accessory Supply List

IX. Glossary 52-53

1
I. MAIN FEATURES (See Figure 1)
1. FOREHEAD ACTIVATOR: Controls illumination inside the Vision Tester. It will only activate
the lights when the subject maintains pressure against the activator, insuring the subject to
be at a proper distance for testing. When forehead pressure is applied to the bar, the green
Ready indicator will be illuminated on the control panel and the subject will be ready to be
tested.

1A. FOREHEAD ACTIVATOR OVERRIDE: This switch bypasses the Forehead Activator when
necessary to illuminate the test target. The switch works as long as it is depressed. (shown on
control panel, Figure 3)

2. HEADREST TISSUE: The tissue cushions the subjects forehead while allowing maximum
hygiene conditions.

3. LENS SYSTEM: The upper lenses are for FAR distance testing. The subject looks straight
ahead. The lower lenses are for NEAR distance testing. The subject looks down while
holding his/her head straight. The lenses are easily accessible for cleaning and the
faceplate is wide enough to accommodate most contemporary eyeglass frames.

4. INSTRUMENT BASE: It gives a stable foundation for the Vision Tester in all positions.

5. ELEVATION ADJUSTMENT: Simply depress the button in the base and adjust the
instrument to the desired height for each subject. Release button and the instrument is
locked in place.

6. OBSERVATION DOORS: Located on both sides of the instrument, allow the tester easy
access to both FAR and NEAR test slides. A pointer can be used by the tester to assist the
subject in identifying the test targets. The pointer is held in place by clips inside the door.
The doors are held closed with magnets. (See Figure 2, Page 4)

7. FAR AND NEAR INDICATORS: Located on both sides of the instrument. These lights
indicate whether the instrument is set for a FAR test or a NEAR test.

8. TEST DIAL and KNOB: Located on both sides of the instrument, is used to indicate a
change in position of the slides in the viewing area. The numbers on the dial correspond to
the numbers on the record form for identifying the test slide. The number under the lit
indicator is the number of the test in the viewing area.

9. ELECTRONIC CONTROL PANEL: (See Figure 3, Page 5)

10. INSTRUMENT BODY: Injection molder of a durable, lightweight and flame retardant ABS
plastic.

11. CARRYING HANDLE: Built-in for maximum convenience. The rigid handle and lightweight
body aid in ease of portability.

2
Figure 1

1 Forehead Activator 7 Far and Near Indicators

2 Headrest Tissue 8 Test Dial and Knob
3 Lens System 9 Electronic Control Panel
4 Instrument Base 10 Instrument Body
5 Elevation Adjustment 11 Carrying Handle
6 Observation Door

3
Figure 2

ACCESS DOOR (HALF OPEN) FOR POINTING OR OBSERVING

1 Magnetic Lock 3 Pointer

2 Door Screws 4 Observation door (half open)

4
CONTROL PANEL

Located on the back of the instrument, figure 3 shows the control panel for operation of the Optec
2300. The indicators from top to bottom include:

RIGHT EYE TEST INDICATOR

When the forehead activator is depressed, the right eye will see the test target. When the indicator is
turned off, the right eye will see nothing. Depress the indicator (illuminated), to turn the right eye on.
Depress again to turn the right eye indicator off.

LEFT EYE TEST SWITCH

When the forehead activator is depressed, the left eye will see the test target. When the indicator is
turned off, the left eye will see nothing. Depress the indicator (illuminated), to turn the left eye on.
Depress again to turn the left eye indicator off.

FAR/NEAR SWITCH
When the FAR indicator is illuminated, the unit is set for FAR point testing. When the NEAR indicator
is illuminated, the unit is set for NEAR point testing. Cycle the test appropriately to achieve the test
you desire according to the Near and Far indicators.

STANDBY/ON SWITCH
Press the rocker switch too the right to turn the instrument ON. A green indicator light will illuminate
when the instrument has been turned on. Press the rocker switch to the left to turn the instrument
OFF.

READY LIGHT
This light indicated that the subject is pressing against the headrest activator and is in position to
perform the test. Light will also illuminate if the override switch is pressed.

Model and Serial numbers are located on the base of the instrument.

Figure 3

OPTEC 2300 CONTROL PANEL

5
MAINTENANCE OF YOUR OPTEC 2300 VISION TESTER

Stereo Opticals Optec 2300 Vision Tester had been designed to minimize maintenance. All
bearings and internal mechanisms have been sealed at the factory. It had been engineered and built
for a lifetime of use. The only annual maintenance required is simple and does not necessitate a
service call.

The only components requiring occasional maintenance include:

EYEPIECE LENSES:
The external side of these lenses need to be cleaned occasionally. Care should be taken not to use
any abrasive material on the lenses. Use the cleaner supplied with the Vision Tester, or plain soap
and water can be substituted. It is important to dry the lenses with a soft, lint-free cloth.

CLEANING OF SLIDES:
Open the rear door. Use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth with lens cleaner and wipe the slide. Turn the
dial and go to the next slide repeating the same procedure. NOTE: Always unplug the tester before
opening the back door and accessing the slides.

REPLACEMENT OF THE SLIDES:

The slide drum assembly holds up to 12 slides and can be easily accessed through the door located
above the power switch. To replace a slide, rotate the dial until the number of the slide to be
removed is under the YELLOW indicator. Open rear door, remove slide on top of drum by rotating
clips toward each other until they clear the slide. Remove unwanted slide. Insert new slide with label
showing and arrow pointing into the instrument. Return spring clips to their former positions to secure
slide. Close the read door and you are again ready for operation.

CONTROL PANEL REMOVAL:

The panel is designed with reliable solid state components. If a problem is diagnosed here, contact
Stereo Optical Companys repair department at 800.344.9500 or in Illinois at 773.777.2869

EXTERIOR:
The plastic, which composes the instrument body and base, is similar to your telephone and can be
cleaned in the same manner. Use damp, clean cloth and a mild detergent. A dust cover is provided
for dusts protection and to discourage tampering when instrument is not in use. The 8 foot power
cord can also disconnect to discourage tampering.

INSIDE MIRROR:
Behind the read door you will find a front-surface mirror. Handle the mirror with care and avoid
placing fingers on its surface. We recommend using the cleaner supplied with the instrument along
with a damp, soft, lint-free cloth. DO NOT TAMPER WITH THE FOUR SCREWS INSIDE THE REAR
DOOR. The mirror has been carefully aligned to achieve precise light reflections and, any tampering
will require factory adjustment.

6
 CONTROL PANEL & HANDLE
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

7
 ATTACH BASE
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

8
 SEE OPTICAL BOX
VIEW

OPTICAL BOX VIEW

SEE BASE VIEW

BASE VIEW

BOTH HOUSING
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

9
 BASE
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

10
 HANDLE PANEL
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

11
 EYE PIECE
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

12
 LENS RETAINER
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

13
 MIRROR
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
MANUAL ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

14
 ATTACH EYE PIECE
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

15
 RIGHT HOUSING
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
PRE-ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

16
 RIGHT ACCESS DOOR
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

17
 RIGHT HOUSING
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY - MANUAL
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

18
 LEFT HOUSING
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
PRE ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

19
 LEFT HOUSING
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
FINALIZING ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

20
 LEFT HOUSING
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
FINALIZING ASSEMBLY DOORS
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

21
 LEFT ACCESS DOOR
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

22
 DRUM
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY MANUAL
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

23
 DRUM SHAFT
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

24
 DRUM INDEXATION
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY - MANUAL
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

25
 CONTROL PANEL
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

26
 TARGET LIGHT
PROPERTY OF: STEREO OPTICAL
ASSEMBLY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

27
 5 4 3 2 1

SWITCH 32098 CABLE READY SWITCH IL1R20

READY

D D

C C

YEL. 52049 PCB Target 52049 PCB Target YEL.

P1 Light assm. Light assm. P1

(IL1RO3) (IL1RO3)

FAR RIGHT FAR LEFT

52049 PCB Target 52049 PCB Target

BLUE
P1 Light assm. Light assm. P1
BLUE

(IL1RO3) (IL1RO3)

NEAR RIGHT NEAR LEFT

B B

OPTION OPTION
NC NC
JP1 P21
OPTION NC P3 P4 NC OPTION
IL1R10
32088 CABLE LIGHT RIGHT RED 52046 PCB WHITE
IL1R11
P5
Control P6
32089 CABLE LIGHT READY INDEXATION

OPTION NC P8 Panel assm.

RED
P7 Z T
32110 CORD (IL2RO1) P1
POWER SUPPLY P7A
P1A P2
HOSPITAL GRADE OPTION Z
P1
OPTION OPTION WHITE
NC
52053 PCB
NC NC
J7A P7A Indexation
POWER SUPPLY assm.
24VDC/1A Top Test
32101 CABLE ESSILOR INSTRUMENTS
A
SUBASSEMBLY 1 64Bis, Avenue Aubert 94300 VINCENNES A

32083 POWER SUPPLY

POWER JACK 0 (IL1RO5) TEL: 01.72.94.71.00 FAX: 01.72.94.70.24
IL1R24 ILLINOIS
Title
32099 CABLE SYNOPTICAL OPTEC 2300 / US - V2
POWER SWITCH Size Document Number Rev
ASSEMBLY B SYNOPTICAL OPTEC 2300US V2A.DSN A
IL1R21 Date: Wednesday, March 03, 2004 Sheet 2 of 3
EIC/R&D/FDQ/07-C
5 4 3 2 1

28
 5 4 3 2 1

SWITCH QUICK-CONNECT 6.35mm x 0.8

32098 CABLE READY SWITCH IL1R20
READY COM
GND
PRESENCE
GND

D D

SYM-001T-P0.6/JST
SMR-02V-B/JST
J6.6M

1
2
1
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J6.6F
SMP-02V-BC/JST
SHF-001T-0.8BS/JST

C C

J5.2F P1 P1 J6.2F
GND ALIM LEDS
4
3
4
3 52049 PCB Target 52049 PCB Target 1
2
1
2
PWM VL GAUCHE
PWM VL DROIT
ALIM LEDS 2
1
2
1
Light assm. (IL1RO3) (IL1RO3) Light assm. 3
4
3
4
GND
PHR-4/JST B 4B-PH-SM3-TB/JST B 4B-PH-SM3-TB/JST PHR-4/JST
YEL. SPH-002T-P0.5S SPH-002T-P0.5S YEL.
IL1R10

FAR RIGHT FAR LEFT

32088 CABLE LIGHT RIGHT

J5.3N P1 P1 J6.3N
GND ALIM LEDS
4
3
4
3 52049 PCB Target 52049 PCB Target 1
2
1
2
PWM VP GAUCHE
PWM VP DROIT
ALIM LEDS 2
1
2
1
Light assm. (IL1RO3) (IL1RO3) Light assm. 3
4
3
4
GND
PHR-4/JST B 4B-PH-SM3-TB/JST B 4B-PH-SM3-TB/JST PHR-4/JST
BLUE SPH-002T-P0.5S SPH-002T-P0.5S BLUE

B
NEAR RIGHT NEAR LEFT B

OPTION OPTION
NC NC

6
5
4
3
2
1

6
5
4
3
2
1
P3 JP1 P21 P4
1 4
OPTION
2 3
OPTION (IL1RO5)
NC 3
S 6B-PH-K-S/JST S 6B-PH-K-S/JST
2 NC T
J6.4F P1
4 1
GND
1 1 52053 PCB
TOP TEST
5 S 4B-PH-SM3-TB/JST VCC 2 2 Indexation
3 3 Top Test
S 5B-PH-SM3-TB/JST
IL1R11 assm.
J5 P5 PHR-3/JST S 3B-PH-K-S/JST
GND P6 J6 32089 CABLE LIGHT READY INDEXATION SPH-002T-P0.5S
PWM VP DROIT 1 1 VCC
PWM VL DROIT 2
3
2
3
52046 PCB 8
7
8
7
PRESENCE

red
ALIM LEDS
PHR-4/JST 4 4 Control 6
5
6
5
TOP TEST
TOP ZERO
SPH-002T-P0.5S S 4B-PH-SM3-TB/JST ALIM LEDS J6.5F
P8 Panel assm. 4
3
4
3
PWM VL GAUCHE
PWM VP GAUCHE
GND
TOP ZERO 1 OPTION Z
6 2 2 GND VCC 2
5 1 1 3 NC
PHR-8/JST
OPTION 4 S 8B-PH-SM3-TB/JST SPH-002T-P0.5S white Z PHR-3/JST
3
NC SPH-002T-P0.5S
2
1
(IL2RO1)
32110 CORD POWER
S 6B-EH/JST OPTION
POWER SUPPLY J7A P7A OPTION NC LED
HOSPITAL POWER SUPPLY FOR 0V
4 4
MINIDIN4/F GREEN
+24V OR P7
GRADE MEDICAL USE
1

0V 3
2
3
2 ESSILOR INSTRUMENTS
AC INPUT DC OUPUT +24V
64Bis, Avenue Aubert 94300 VINCENNES
A
INPUT 24VDC/1A J7F P7A EHR-4/JST 1 1 A
100-240V 24V
1 1
SEH-001T-P0.6 S 4B-EH/JST S 6B-PH-SM3-TB/JST OR RJ45/F S 6B-PH-SM3-TB/JST D1
0.6-0.3A P1A P1 P2 TEL: 01.72.94.71.00 FAX: 01.72.94.70.24
1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6
50-60HZ
JACK 5.5/2.5F JACK 5.5/2.5M POWER SWITCH
1 ON/OFF ILLINOIS
2
3
4
5
6
red OPTION OPTION J2
32083 POWER SUPPLY NC NC PHR-6/JST Title
32101 CABLE
SUBASSEMBLY
SPH-002T-P0.5S LEDK
LEDA 1
CONTROL SYNOPTICAL OPTEC 2300 / US - V2dtail
ALIM GND CARTE POWER
POWER JACK ALIM CARTE LED Size Document Number Rev
ALIM TABLE MASSE
IL1R24 ALIM TABLE 0 GREEN B
SYNOPTICAL OPTEC 2300US V2A.DSN A
white 32099 CABLE POWER Date: Wednesday, March 03, 2004 Sheet 3 of 3
SWITCH ASSEMBLY IL1R21 EIC/R&D/FDQ/07-C
5 4 3 2 1

29
III. TEST ADMINISTRATION

ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT

In addition to the vision tester, the flowing items should be utilized:

Plastic Demonstrator for Depth Perception
Scoring Key
Record Cards

OPTIONAL TESTS

The vision tester holds 12 slides (9 standard test slides, and 3 alternate test slides). The remaining 5
optional test slides are stored in the accompanying storage case.

When administering an optional test, not currently in tester, a test slide must be removed and
replaced by the appropriate optional slide.

PREPARING TO TEST

The subject sits before the instrument and brings his chair under the table as far as is comfortable.
The chair must be squarely facing the instrument.

Adjust the height of the instrument by depressing the elevation adjustment button. Move housing up
or down as needed and release the elevation adjustment button. The housing will lock in place. The
subject leans his forehead against the headrest. The correct position for the subject is looking
through the center of the viewing lenses. Upper lenses for FAR testing, and Lower lenses for NEAR
testing. The subject should not have to move his head to look through either of the lenses, and
should have a clear view of the targets when each is illuminated.

The examiner sits to the side of the instrument, facing the subject. During the entire examination, the
examiner should watch to ensure that the subjects eyes are kept open, without squinting, and that
the head is not tilted.

TEST ADMINISTRATION

1. Depress the ON/OFF rocker switch to the right

2. Depress the FAR/NEAR indicators. FAR point will be illuminated
3. Depress the Right Eye/Left Eye indicators.

You are now ready to administer the tests. Please note that the subject must press against the
headrest activator for green ready indicator to illuminate.

30
TEST SEQUENCE

Standard tests are given in the order below:

Name of Tests Distance Selection Test No. and Slide No. Dial Position Setting
Far Vertical Phoria FAR 1 1
Far Lateral Phoria FAR 2 2
Far acuity FAR 3 & 4 or 3A & 4A 3 & 4 or 5 or 5A
Depth Perception FAR 5 or 5A 7 or 8
Near Vertical Phoria NEAR 6 9
Near Lateral Phoria NEAR 7 10
Near Acuity NEAR 8&9 11 & 12

RECORDING RESULTS

Each subject makes an INSTRUMENT SCORE on each test. This score is a simple number or letter
that indicates his/her performance on the test. INSTRUMENT SCORE is not a numerical measure of
the visual ability tested. For example, in the Vertical Phoria test, a score of 9 is not superior to a
score of 1, and a score of 0 does not mean complete absence of the ability tested. The scoring key
found on pages 38 and 39 gives the correct answers and the corresponding INSTRUMENT SCORE
for the Acuity and the Depth Perception tests.

TEST PROCEDURE

If a subject uses correction (eye glasses or contact lenses), he/she is to take the entire series of tests
first without correction, and then repeat the entire series of tests with correction.

FAR TESTS
These tests are given with the dial at the yellow indicator, and the Far Point switch depressed (light
will illuminate).

Dial at #1: FAR VERTICAL PHORIA

1. Far Point indicator illuminated
2. Right Eye and Left Eye indicator illuminated

Instruct the subject to put their head against the headrest

QUESTION: Do you see a white dotted line? Do you see a row of numbered stair steps? At what
step does the dotted line appear level?

If the subject says no to the first or second question, the examiner turns the Left Eye Switch OFF and
asks, Do you see stair steps? Then turn the Left Eye Switch ON, and turn the Right Eye Switch ON,
and ask, Do you see both the dotted line and the stair steps? If the subject says no to any of these
three questions, the test is discontinued. If he/she says yes, the standard questions are repeated.

SCORING: The INSTRUMENT SCORE is the number (1-9) that the subject answers. If the dotted
line is below Step 1, the score is 0. If the dotted line is above Step 9, the score is 10. If the test is
discontinued because of failure to see either the dotted line or the stair steps, the score is X.

31
NOTE: Verify all answers of 1 or 9 by asking, Is the dotted line as high as the top (or bottom) of the
stair steps?

Dial at #2: FAR LATERAL PHORIA

1. Far Point indicator illuminated
2. Right Eye and Left Eye indicator illuminated

The procedure for the Lateral Phoria test is quite similar to that of the Vertical Phoria test.

QUESTION: Which number does the arrow point to? If the subject says it does not point to any
number, or is between two numbers, the examiner says, Which number is it closest to? If the
subject does not see the arrow or the numbers, the procedure is as described in the previous test. If
the subject says that the arrow moves over a wide range, the examiner says, Look closely at the
checkerboard pattern of the arrow. If the arrow continues to move, the examiner turns the Right Eye
indicator OFF and then ON, saying, Look closely at the arrow. Tell me where it is when you first see
the numbered dots. The test is discontinued if the subject cannot see both the arrow and the
numbers at the same time. Failure to see the arrow or the numbers is scored X as in the previous
test. The INSTRUMENT SCORE is the number (1-21) that the subject answers. Score if the arrow is
pointing to the left of 1. Score 22 if the arrow is to the right of 21.

NOTE: If the subject reports that the arrow points to the second one, verify that he/she means the
dot between number 1 and number 3.

Dial at #3 & 4: FAR ACUITY/TESTS #3 & #4

Dial at #5 & 6: TESTS #3A & #4A
1. Far Point indicator illuminated
2. Right Eye indicator illuminated for testing Right Eye
Left Eye indicator illuminated for testing Left Eye

In this test the examiner must remember to turn off the Left Eye indicator when the Right Eye is being
tested, and vice versa. The previous tests are administered with both Eye indicators on.

DIAL POSITION 3: Test 3 and alternate 3A (Dial Position 5) contain smaller letters.
DIAL POSITION 4: Test 4 and alternate 4A (Dial Position 6) contain large letters.

The larger letters are used only if the subject cannot read correctly 7 of the 10 largest letters on test 3
(or 3A).

Alternate slides 3A and 4A are provided for situations when the subject has memorized the order of
the letters on a line which he/she cannot actually read.

Slides 3 (& 3A) contain 20 letters of each size. Only 10 of the 20 letters of each size need to be used.
Thus, the examiner may ask the subject to read lines 5 or 5A, 6 or 6A, etc.

QUESTION: Can you read the letters on line 5 at the top of the chart? (Line 5A may be used
instead). If more than three errors are made, the test is continued with the larger letters on slide 4 or
4A. If three or less errors are made in line 5 or 5A, then examiner asks, Can you look at the smaller
lines of letters on the left and the still smaller ones on the right? What is the smallest line you can
read easily? From this point on, the examiner may proceed in any way he wishes to determine the
smallest line of letters which the subject can read without more then three errors in ten letters. The
subjects INSTRUMENT SCORE on this test is the number of the smallest line of letters on which not
32
more then three errors in ten are made. Only ten letters of each group need to be used unless the
examiner suspects malingering or wishes to verify the subjects final score by having him/her read a
second ten letters of the same size.

If the subject cannot read lines 5 or 5A with three or less errors, the examiner determines his acuity
score using slide 4 or its alternate slide 4A. There are four sizes of letters on this chart corresponding
to INSTRUMENT SCORES 1 to 4. The lines are not numbered on this slide. The top line represents
a score of 1. The second and third lines from the top represent a score of 2. The fourth line
represents a score of 3, and the bottom line is a score of 4. The examiner should have the examinee
start with the top line of three letters. If the subject makes one error or no errors on the top line,
he/she continues with the smaller letters until he/she has made four or more errors in reading the ten
letters of a size. The INSTRUMENT SCORE is given by the letter size for which not more than three
errors in ten are made. An exception is made for the top line of three letters, of which two must be
read correctly to give a score of 1. If more than one error is made, the INSTRUMENT SCORE is 0.

Dial at #7: FUSION AND DEPTH PERCEPTION/TEST #5

Dial at #8: TEST #5A
1. Far Point indicator illuminated
2. Right Eye and Left Eye indicators illuminated

FUSION TEST: Before giving these tests, make sure that the both eye switches are illuminated. The
purpose of this test is to determine whether (A) the slightly different test targets presented to the right
and to the left eye are combined into a single image, and (B) they are seen double, that is, side by
side or one above the other, or (C) the target presented to one ye is not seen.

If the subject has normal binocular vision, he/she will see at the left of the slide a
single arrow with both a head and a tail. See Figure A: To make sure that the subject
actually has normal binocular vision, the examiner has them describe what they see,
and checks the truthfulness of the answers by turning off one eye. When the right eye
is turned off, the tail of the arrow should disappear. When the left eye is turned off,
the head of the arrow should disappear. If either of the following abnormal answers
are given when the subject is allowed to use both eyes (both Eye indicators are
illuminated), the Fusion Test is regarded as having been failed. Figure A

1) Double vision: The subject reports that he/she sees two arrows side by side,

as in the image: or or that he/she sees two circles, one above the other

as in the image:

2) Suppression: When allowed to use both eyes, the subject sees only the head or only the tail of
the arrow:

or

33
DEPTH TEST: This test is omitted if the subject fails the Fusion Test, i.e. he/she exhibits either
double vision or suppression. It is also omitted if the subjects score on the Far Acuity Test in
either eye is number 0-4. A score of X is recorded if the Depth Test is omitted.

In the entire battery of tests, the test for Depth Perception is the most difficult to give and to
interpret. This is, in part, because subjects having quite normal perception of depth in situations
to which they are accustomed, may have to learn to see the apparent depth employed in this test.
Consequently, although good scores can be accepted as evidence of normal binocular vision and
normal depth perception, even complete failure on this test unless supported by other evidence is
not necessarily indicative of poor depth perception. In order to reduce to a minimum the number
of false-failures, the examiner, therefore, should not hurry through the demonstration and the
practice period which precede the actual test.

The Depth Slide used to test Depth Perception consists of a number of horizontal rows of circles,
five circles in each row, one of which should appear slightly nearer to the subject then the other
four. In order to explain the test, the subject is first shown a demonstration device consisting of a
a plastic plate with five white circles, one being raised. As in the Depth Perception Test, one circle
appears nearer than the other four.

After the plastic demonstration model of the test has been shown, the subject is told to look into
the instrument and his/her attention is direction to Group A, the three rows of circles in the upper
left hand corner of the square. This first group is to be used to further explain the test and allow
time for the perception of depth to develop. The top row of five circles in Group A demonstrates a
relatively large difference in depth, the middle row a moderate difference, the bottom row a small
difference. Some subjects may not see any depth for the first minute or so, and in such cases, the
examiner must not hurry through the practice test. The examiner may tell the subject the correct
answers for the three rows of Group A and instruct him/her to look at each circle in turn until
he/she can see the one of the five circles in each row is nearer to him/her then the others.

The examiner may with to demonstrate the difference in depth perception between monocular and
binocular vision.

Monocular Vision (one Eye Test indicator off): all circles will appear on the same plane
Binocular Vision (both Eye Test indicators on): one circle will appear closer to the subject then the
other four.

When the examiner is satisfied that the subject actually sees depth in at least the top row, he may
proceed to the actual test. This is given without any help or hints from the examiner such as are
used in the practice period. The subject is asked to indicate by number, counting from left to right,
which circle is nearer in the top, the middle, and the bottom row of Group B. If all three answers
are correct, the same questions are asked for Group C, Group D, etc. The test is discontinued
when the subject gives one or more incorrect answers in any one group beyond Group B. If one
or more incorrect answers are given in Group B, the examiner repeats the practice session with
Group A, then has the subject try Group B again. If correct answers are now given in Group B,
this is followed by Group C, etc. The score is the letter of the last group in which no errors are
made. If the first test group, i.e., Group B, is failed a second time, the score is recorded as O.

34
NEAR TESTS
These tests are given with the dial at the blue indicator, and the Near Point indicator illuminated.
The subject remains in position at the instrument but is instructed to look through the lower lenses
instead of the upper lenses. The subject is now looking down instead of straight ahead. If the subject
is wearing multi-focal lenses, he/she will look through the reading position of the multi-focal lenses.
It may be necessary for him/her to tilt their head backwards slightly to look through the reading
position of the multi-focal lenses.

Dial at #9: NEAR VERTICAL PHORIA/ TEST #6

The procedure for administering the Near Phoria Test is the same as the procedure described for the
Far Vertical Phoria Test.

Dial at #10: NEAR LATERAL PHORIA/ TEST #7

The procedure for administering the Near Lateral Phoria Test is the same as the procedure described
for the Far Lateral Phoria Test.

Dial at #11 AND #12: NEAR ACUITY/ TEST #8 and #9

The procedure for administering the Near Acuity Test is the same as the procedure described for the
Far Acuity Test.

IV. ADMINISTRATION OF OPTIONAL TESTS

Test #10: FAR ACUITY TEST FOR ILLITERATES

The slide for this test is mounted on the drum at any convenient position. This slide contains broken
rings resembling the letter C turned so that the opening is in one of the four directions (up, down,
right, or left). There are seven different sized of the broken ring on this slide numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 9 on the scoring key. These lines are not numbered on the slide. In this test, lines are not
skipped. The subject is required to read every line, starting with the large rings at the top and
preceding to successively smaller lines. As in the letter test, the instrument score is the number of
the lowest line on which breaks in at least seven of ten rings are correctly located.

The right eye is tested first. Be sure that the left eye is turned off.

QUESTION: Do you see the three large circles at the top? Each circle has an opening in it. Where
is the opening in the first one? The second? The third?

It may be necessary to open a side door and point to individual letters to insure an accurate test. If
the subject appears to confuse right and left in reporting the location of the breaks, have him/her
begin the line saying, Tell me whether the openings are at the top, at the bottom, on this side toward
me (touching subjects right arm), or on the other side. If right and left are still confused, substitute
hand signals with subject pointing in the direction of openings on either side. Test on each
successive line until one is failed.

The left eye is tested in the same way. Be sure the Right Eye Test indicator is off and the Left Eye
Test indicator is illuminated.

35
INSTRUMENT SCORE: Refer to the scoring key for the score number of the last line passed and
record this number. On line 1, a passing score requires correct location of the break in two of the
three rings. Line 2 requires identification of three of the five rings. The remaining lines contain ten
rings each. Any line is failed if more then three of the ten rings in it are not identified correctly.

Test #11 AND #12: FAR BINOCULAR ACUITY TESTS

The slides for these tests must be mounted on the drum at any convenient position. The procedure
for testing binocular vision is the same as for monocular vision, except both Eye Test indicators must
be illuminated. FAR/NEAR is in the FAR (illuminated) position. Dial number is aligned with FAR
(Yellow) indicator.

Test #13 AND #14: NEAR BINOCULAR ACUITY TEST

The slides for these tests must be mounted on the drum at any convenient position. The procedure
for testing binocular vision is the same as for monocular vision, except both Eye Test Switches must
be On. FAR/NEAR switch is in the NEAR (illuminated) position for near testing. Dial number is
aligned with the NEAR (blue) indicator.

V. STANDARD QUESTIONS AND SCORING PROCEDURE (A SUMMARY)

A. STANDARD FAR TESTS

Administered with the FAR/NEAR indicator in the FAR position.

1. FAR VERTICAL PHORIA- both Eye Test indicators illuminated.

QUESTION: Do you see a white dotted line? Do you see a row of numbered stair steps? At
what step does the dotted line appear level?

INSTRUMENT SCORE is the number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9. If below step 1, record 0, above

step9, record 10. if both steps and dotted line are not seen at the same time, record X.

2. FAR LATERAL PHORIA- both Eye Test indicators illuminated.

QUESTION: Which number is the arrow pointing to?

INSTRUMENT SCORE is the number (1-21). If arrow points to the left of 1, record 0. If arrow
points to the right of 21, score 22. If arrow and numbered dots are not seen at the same time,
record X.

3.or 3A. FAR LETTER ACUITY (SMALL LETTERS)- Turn OFF eye not being tested. Test
Right eye first, then Left.

QUESTION: Read the letters on line 5 at the top of the chart. If three or less errors are
made, Look at the smaller lines of letters on the left and the still smaller ones on the right.
What is the smallest line you can read easily?
36
Continue testing to determine smallest line which subject can read without more than three
errors in line of ten. Test first right and then left eye.

INSTRUMENT SCORE is the number of the smallest line read without more than three errors.

4.or 4A. FAR LETTER ACUITY (LARGE LETTERS)- Turn OFF eye not being tested

If subject cannot read line 5 in slide 3 or 3A with three or less errors for either right or left eye,
use this slide. Start with largest letters and continue until subject fails on one size of letter. If a
score on 3 or 3A has been obtained for one eye, test only the failing eye on slide 4 or 4A.

INSTRUMENT SCORE is 1 if subject can read two of the three letters in group 1, but misses
more then three of the next size. Otherwise, score is the scoring key number of the smallest
size of ten letters on which no more than three errors are made.

5.or 5A. FUSION AND DEPTH PERCEPTION- Both Eye indicators illuminated.

Fusion Test

QUESTION: Do you see a large square containing letters and circles? What do you see to
the left of the square? Can you describe it? Be certain the subject sees both head and tail of
the arrow with a single shaft passing through the circle.

Turn the Right Eye indicator OFF.

QUESTION: What do you see now? The subject should see only head of arrow.

Turn the Left Eye indicator OFF.

QUESTION: What do you see now? The subject should see only tail of arrow. If the subject
does not pass the Fusion Test, omit Depth Test and record depth score as X.

Depth Test

Continue with Depth Test- Both Eye indicators illuminated.

QUESTION: Please look in this direction. This next test will show groups of circles like this
(show plastic demonstrator with side having single circle toward the subject). Do you see that
this circle (point) is closer to you then the others? Look into the instrument again. In Group A,
look at the top row of circles. Which circle is closer to you? (Counting across the row from the
A.)

If the subject does not answer immediately, give him/her clues including the proper answer to
this row, and rows 2 and 3 of Group A. Be certain he/she keeps both eyes open.

Continue with Groups B through F until one of the three lines in a group is failed. If the subject
fails Group B, repeat the training Group A and test a second time in Group B, continuing with
the remainder of the test if Group B is passed.

37
 INSTRUMENT SCORE: is 0 if Group B is failed a second time. Otherwise record the letter
score of the last group in which no errors are made.

B. STANDARD NEAR TESTS

Administered with the FAR/NEAR indicator in the NEAR (illuminated) position. The subject
remains in position as the instrument. As the subject to look down through the lower lenses
and to keep their head in the same position.

6. NEAR VERTICAL PHORIA- Both Eye indicators illuminated.

QUESTION: Which step is the dotted line nearest level with now?

Score as in Test 1.

7. NEAR LATERAL PHORIA- Both Eye indicators illuminated.

QUESTION: Which number does the arrow point to now?

Score as in Test 2.

8. NEAR LETTER ACUITY (SMALL LETTERS)- Turn OFF the Eye not being tested. Test
Right Eye, then Left Eye.

Test and score as in 3 or 3A.

If the subject is wearing bifocals, it may be necessary for him/her to tilt their head backwards
slightly so that they can look through the reading position of their bifocals.

9. NEAR LETTER ACUITY (LARGE LETTERS)- Turn OFF the Eye not being tested. Test
Right Eye, then Left Eye.

Use if line 5 in test 8 has failed. Test and score as in 4 or 4A.

C. OPTIONAL TESTS
Administered with the FAR/NEAR switch in the NEAR position. The subject remains in
position as the instrument. Ask the subject to look down through the lower lenses and to keep
their head in the same position.

Test #10: FAR ACUITY TEST FOR ILLITERATES

This slide contains broken rings resembling the letter C turned so that the opening is in one of
four directions, i.e. up, down, right, or left. There are seven different sizes of characters
numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 on the scoring key. These lines are not numbered on the slide.
In this test, lines are not skipped. The subject is required to read every line, starting with the
large rings at the top and preceding to successively smaller rings.

38
The right eye is tested first. Make certain that the Left Eye indicator is turned off.

QUESTION: Do you see the three large circles at the top? Each circle has an opening in it.
Where is the opening in the first one? In the second? In the third? Be sure that the subject is
not confusing right and left.

Test each successive line until one line has failed.

INSTRUMENT SCORE: Record the answer key score number for the last line passed. On
line 1 a passing score requires correct identification of two of the three characters. Line 2
requires identification of three of the five characters. The remaining lines contain ten
characters and are passed if at least seven of the ten are correctly identified.

Test #11 AND #12: FAR BINOCULAR ACUITY

Both Eye indicators illuminated. With this exception, the tests are administered and scored in
the manner as the monocular acuity tests.

Test #13 AND #14: NEAR BINOCULAR ACUITY

Both Eye indicators illuminated. With this exception, the tests are administered and scored in
the manner as the monocular acuity tests.

39
VI. STEREO OPTICAL OPTEC 2300 SCORING KEY FOR ARMED FORCES VISION TESTER

FAR TESTS
Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Test 1 Prism Diopters 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Left Hyperphoria Right Hyperphoria
Test 2 Score minus 11 = Prism Diopters of Exophoria
11 minus Score = Prism Diopters of Esophoria
Test 3 Small Letters Test 3A Small Letters
Score LEFT EYE RIGHT EYE LEFT EYE RIGHT EYE
5 CDZNO KSRVH VHDNS OZKRC CRNDO SVZHK KDZNV SHROC
20/50 { 5A NCVHR OZKDS HVRDN ZSKCO OZKRC SNDHV RZNCS ODKVH
6 CNRKH ZVSDO DVZNC SRHKO ZVCOH DRSNK VKRNZ CODHS
20/40 { 6A KDVHO RZSNC ZCVHN RDOSK ODVZR HSKNC ODVNR CZSHK
7 DVHCK OZNSR KNZCO SRDHV ZKHSO VCDRN HSDRZ NCVOK

20/30 { 7A HNCDO ZKSRV DZONV RCSKH OCVDR HZSKN RNZVH OKSCD

8 CDKRO SZVNH KNDRS ZVCOH HNVZS CKRDO ZOVCS NRKDH
20/25 { 8A CDSVO ZHRNK HKZSC NROVD OSRNZ CDHKV KNROH SDZCV

20/20 {
9 CVHSZ ORKDN VZCHD KNRSO RHCVN ODSZK RHSDK ONCVZ
9A VHOKC SRNZD CKROH SDZNV ZHODC SVNKR OSCHN RVKZD
10 DNVHS OKRCZ KZSVN HCRDO KRNHC OSDVZ KNRZD OHVCS

20/17 { 10A ZDVOH

ZHODC
CRSKN
SVNKR
ZHRSN OKVDC NDZOC HVKSR RKCVN OZDSH
11 RCSNV KDHOZ SCHZD VKNRO KZODR HNSCV
20/15 { 11A VDKHO RSZNC VDHON RCKZS VDNSK ZHCOR ZDCKN SVRHO

20/12 {
12 KHOZD CSNVR ROKHZ NSCVD CNDZK OHRVS RVNSZ KCDOH
12A ZVSDO CHNRK CRNDO SZVKH HOCVZ SRNKD CSNDO HRVKZ
Test 3 Small Letters Test 3A Small Letters
Score LEFT EYE RIGHT EYE LEFT EYE RIGHT EYE

20/400 1
VNC SDK DKS CVN
OZNKS RCSZO ORSCZ RDHZC
20/200 { 2
2 DRHCV KNHDV VDHNK NSKVO
RZOHC KSNDV HNZOS KRCVD CVDRN OHZKS ZVRNO HCSDK
20/100 3
RKNCZ HSDVO ZHODC SVNKR HKNZS RDCVO DRSHC ZVNKO
20/70 4
TEST 5- Depth TEST 5A- Depth Score Test 10 Illiterate
A B C D E F A B C D E F LEFT EYE RIGHT EYE
3 4 2 4 2 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 20/400 1 URD DUL
2 3 4 2 4 3 2 4 2 2 3 2 20/200 2 UDLUR RULUD
4 4 2 3 3 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 20/100 3 ULDLU RURDL LDRDR ULDRU
SECONDS OF ARC 20/70 4 RUDRU DLDRL LDLRU DURLU
TEST 5- Depth TEST 5A- Depth 20/40 6 UDRLD LRDLU DLRDR UDRLU
A B C D E F A B C D E F 20/30 7 RULDL URUDL RUDRU DLURL
80 40 30 25 20 15 80 40 30 25 20 15 20/20 9 LUDLR DUDRL URLUD ULDRL
40 40 30 25 20 15 40 40 30 25 20 15
30 40 30 25 20 15 30 40 30 25 20 15

40
 NEAR TESTS
Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Test 6 Prism Diopters 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Left Hyperphoria Right Hyperphoria
Test 7 Score minus 13 = Prism Diopters of Exophoria
13 minus Score = Prism Diopters of Esophoria

BINOCULAR ACUITY
Test 8 Small Letters Small Letters
Score LEFT EYE RIGHT EYE TEST 13- NEAR TEST 11- FAR
5 ZKCRV OHSDN CVRZS DKHNO OCVKR ZNSDH OSDNH VKZCR
20/50 { 5A ORSNK VHDZC OZRCV SKNDH SDOVH CNZKR SCVDK NZRHO

20/40 {
6 SDKVO ZRHNC VZKCO HRSDN ZHOCV NDRKS RHZCD OSVKN
6A ZODVN HKSCR NZCKO DSRHV VNCSO KDZRH OZNKR DVSCH
DHZRV SOKNC HSZKN OVCDR SDOVK HRNZC SVNHO KCRDZ
{
7
20/30 7A NCKSR HZDVO NRDVC ZKHOS ZOHRC KDSNV HNKZD VRCSO

20/25 {
8 DKOSN RVZCH OVRHS CNDZK DNHKO ZSRVC RHSCK OZDVN
8A CKDSV OZNHR VCHRD SKNZO NSOZR VHKDC CKDVO ZRNHS

20/20 { 9 RKZVD OSNCH ZHCOR VDNSK DSVKH ZNOCR OZRVN HSCKD

9A VDOKH RZSCN HVRSK ZODNC NZOSR DVHCK KDZRO VNHSC
OKSRN DHVCZ RHCVN SDKZO NZHKO RCVDS DRHVN ZSKCO
{
10
20/17 10A HOVNC RZDSK KRNHC DOSVZ DNKOZ HSRVC ZDSKC ORHNV

20/15 {
11 VRCHN OZKSD CNZSR OHKDV SNCZO RKVHD OSKCV RZHDN
11A SVRNO CHZDK DCVHK NOZSR OCVNS DZKRH CSHRV KNDZO

20/12 {
12 ROHKS VDNCZ ODCNH VRSKZ DHNVO SCZKR SKHDN OCVRZ
12A KHRCV OSDNZ RKCDO HVNZS CNHRD OKSZV KRSZC HNVDO
Test 9 Small Letters Large Letters
LEFT EYE RIGHT EYE TEST 14- NEAR TEST 12- FAR
DSK NCV NVC KDS
20/400 1
CRSZO HNRCD CZHSN ZSKCO
20/200 { 2
2 NDVHK VOSZK DKORV VRHDN
OKZHS NCVRD NDOCV RSZKH KSDVO NHZCR ZNSKH VDRCO
20/100 3
RCOVN DHKSZ VRCNZ OSDHK VZOCS HRNKD OZCRH NSKDV
20/70 4

41
VII. SAMPLE: RECORD CARD

RECORD CARD: VISION TESTER

Name ___________________________________________________ Number _______________

Date _______________ Glasses: None Always Bifocals Far Only Near Only

UNAIDED VISION TESTS WITH GLASSES

FAR TESTS
1 Vertical Phoria 1
2 Lateral Phoria 2
3&4 Letter Acuity Right Eye 3&4
3&4 Letter Acuity Left Eye 3&4
5 Fusion 5
5 Depth 5

NEAR TESTS
6 Vertical Phoria 6
7 Lateral Phoria 7
8&9 Letter Acuity Right Eye 8&9
8&9 Letter Acuity Left Eye 8&9

OPTIONAL TESTS
10 Far Acuity- Illiterate 10
11&12 Far Binocular Acuity 11&12
13&14 13&14

42
VII. TEST SLIDES

TEST 1: FAR VERTICAL PHORIA

TEST 2: FAR LATERAL PHORIA

43
TEST 3: FAR LETTER ACUITY (SMALL LETTERS)

TEST 4: FAR LETTER ACUITY (LARGE LETTERS)

44
TEST 3A: FAR LETTER ACUITY (SMALL LETTERS)

TEST 4A: FAR LETTER ACUITY (LARGE LETTERS)

45
TEST 5: FUSION AND DEPTH PERCEPTION

TEST 5A: FUSION AND DEPTH PERCEPTION

46
TEST 6: NEAR VERTICAL PHORIA

TEST 7: NEAR LATERAL PHORIA

47
TEST 8: NEAR LETTER ACUITY (SMALL LETTERS)

TEST 9: NEAR LETTER ACUITY (LARGE LETTERS)

48
 TEST 10: FAR RING ACUITY- ILLITERATES

TEST 11: FAR BINOCULAR LETTER ACUITY (SMALL LETTERS)

TEST 12: FAR BINOCULAR LETTER ACUITY (LARGE LETTERS)

49
TEST 13: NEAR VINOCULAR LETTER ACUITY (SMALL LETTERS)

TEST 14: NEAR BINOCULAR LETTER ACUITY (LARGE LETTERS)

50
 REPLACEMENT SLIDE LIST FOR OPTEC 2300 AFVT MODEL

Drum Test Stereo Optical

Slide Description National Stock Number
location Slide # Part Number
1 1 Far Vertical Phoria 2300-301 6450-01-370-5030
2 2 Far Lateral Phoria 2300-302 6450-01-370-5031
3 3 Far Acuity Small Letters 2300-303 6450-01-370-5032
4 4 Far Acuity Large Letters 2300-304 6450-01-370-5034
5 5 Far Fusion & Depth Perception 2300-305 6450-01-370-5037
6 6 Near Vertical Phoria 2300-306 6450-01-370-5039
7 7 Near Lateral Phoria 2300-307 6450-01-370-5040
8 8 Near Acuity Small Letters 2300-308 6450-01-370-5041
9 9 Near Acuity Large Letters 2300-309 6450-01-371-1149
10 3A Alternate Far Acuity Small Letters 2300-315 6450-01-370-5033
11 4A Alternate Far Acuity Large Letters 2300-316 6450-01-370-5036
12 5A Alternate Far Fusion & Depth Perception 2300-317 6450-01-370-5038

ALTERNATE SLIDES

10 Far Illiterate Acuity 2300-310 6450-01-370-6233

11 Far Binocular Acuity Small Letters 2300-311 6450-01-370-6228
12 Far Binocular Acuity Large Letters 2300-312 6450-01-370-6229
13 Near Binocular Acuity Small Letters 2300-313 6450-01-370-6230
14 Near Binocular Acuity Large Letters 2300-314 6450-01-370-6231

Complete Set of Test Slides (17 slides) 2300-300

Standard Set of Test Slides
2300-320
(Slides 1-9 Only/301-309)
REPLACEMENT SLIDES AVAILABLE THROUGH DPSC ONLY

ACCESSORY SUPPLY LIST

Item Stereo Optical Part Number
Headrest Tissue Pad (50 sheets to a pad, 50 pads to a 2000-221
k )(6 to a package)
Pointers 2000-224
Lens and Mirror Cleaner (4 oz. Bottle) 2000-228
AFVT Manual Complete (50 sheets per pad, 10 pad package) 2000-001
AFVT Record Form Pad 2000-002
AFVT Scoring Key 2000-003
Slide Storage Case 2000-004
Dust Cover 2000-005

51
 VIII. GLOSSARY

Accommodation:
The ability of the eye to refocus from one distance to another.

Acuity:
Clearness or sharpness of images.

Amblyophia:
Also referred to as lazy eye, loss of sight in one eye.

Astigmatism:
A mis-shaping of the eye that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the back of the eye.

Binocular:
Ability to use two eyes simultaneously to focus on the same object and to fuse two images into a single image.

Color Deficiency:
Diminished ability to perceive differences in certain colors.

Convergence:
The process of directing two eyes from far to a near point

Depth Perception:
The ability to judge distance of objects from each other or from the observer.

Diopter:
A measurement of optical power of lenses.

Divergence:
The process of directing two eyes from a near point to a far point.

Esophoria:
The tendency of the eyes to pull inward on the horizontal plane.

Far Point:
Twenty feet to infinity.

Focus:
The point at which light rays will come together after passing through a lens.

Fusion:
Power of coordination by which images received by two eyes become a single image.

Hyperopia:
Farsightedness, the images focus behind the retina.

Hyperphoria:
When either eye has a tendency to pull up on the vertical plane.

Intermediate Vision:
Vision which focuses at some point beyond 16 inches (Near Point) and less than 20 feet (Far Point).

Malingerer:
A person who pretends to have a vision problem.

Monocular:
Seeing with only one eye.

Muscle Balance:
The coordination of muscles allowing two eyes to work together on the vertical and the lateral planes.
52
Myopia
Nearsightedness; has problems seeing at a distance; images focus in front of the retina.

Near Point:
Sixteen inches.

Occlusion:
Obscuring the vision of an eye.

Orthophoria:
Expected or normal teamwork of the eyes

Peripheral Vision:
Ability to perceive the presences, motion, or color of objects outside the direct line of vision.

Phoria:
Root word denoting a latent deviation in which the eyes have a constant tendency to turn from the normal position for
binocular vision.

Stereopsis:
The ability to perceive depth

Suppression:
The nonuse of vision in one eye

53
 WARRANTY PROTECTION PROGRAM
OPTEC 2300 VISION TESTER NSN 6540-01-375-9031

The Optec 2300 Vision Tester is guaranteed to be free from defects in material and workmanship
for a period of one (1) year from the date of purchase to original buyer. Stereo Optical Company,
Inc., will, at its option, repair or replace the instrument during the warranty period. This action will
take place within a reasonable time after receipt of written notice from the buyer.

The guarantee does not cover mirrors and lenses, damage in transit, or damage caused by
buyers misuse, carelessness, or neglect. The safest and best method of shipping the Optec
2300 is in the original carton with Styrofoam forms. Customers shall retain shipping carton
packing material or replacement charge will be assessed.

All correspondence should be directed to Stereo Optical and reference to the serial number of the
Vision Tester must be included.

For Service, Call or Write:

Stereo Optical Company

8623 W. Bryn Mawr Ave., Suite 502
Chicago, IL 60631-3501 USA
800.344.9500 or 773.867.0380 (in IL)
FAX: 773.867.0388

Email: sales@stereooptical.com
www.stereooptical.com

54