ChapterChapter

460 460 Landscape Architecture

Landscape Architecture

460.1
460.01 General General 460.06 Lighting
460.2 References
460.02 References 460.07 Site Furnishings
460.3 Design Considerations
460.03 Design Considerations 460.08 Signage and Information Kiosks
460.4 Pedestrian Pavement/Hardscape
460.04 Pedestrian
460.5 Pavement/Hardscape
Landscaping 460.09 Public Art
460.05 Landscaping
460.6 Lighting
460.7 Site Furnishings
460.01 General
460.8 Signage and Information Kiosks
460.9 Publicdiscusses
This chapter Art the integration of landscape architecture at WSF terminal
facilities. There
460.1 can be many approaches to the design of site landscape elements and
General
their materials. Beyond meeting functional and code requirements and maintenance
This chapter discusses
considerations, it isthe integration
important ofthey
that landscape architecture
integrate with theatsurrounding
WSF terminalcontext,
facilities.the
There
can be manybuildings,
terminal approachesandto the
eachdesign
other.ofThe
site landscape
landscapeelements
elements, andtogether
their materials.
with the Beyond
terminal
meeting functional and code requirements and maintenance considerations, it
buildings, set an aesthetic tone and character for the terminal. Site landscape elements is important that
they integrate with the surrounding context, the terminal buildings, and
include: pedestrian pavement/hardscape, landscaping (existing vegetation, soils, each other. The landscape
elements, together with the terminal buildings, set an aesthetic tone and character for the terminal.
irrigation, and plantings), site lighting, and site furnishings. Exhibit 460-1 shows the
Site landscape elements include: pedestrian pavement/hardscape, landscaping (existing
Edmondssoils,
vegetation, Ferry Terminal,
irrigation, andwhich was incorporated
plantings), into
site lighting, and the
site surroundings
furnishings. of an
Exhibit adjacent
460-1
city park.
shows MakingFerry
the Edmonds use of existingwhich
Terminal, landscaping and native
was incorporated intofeatures is a low of
the surroundings cost
an and
adjacent
low maintenance method to make the ferry terminals more aesthetically
city park. Making use of existing landscaping and native features is a low cost and low pleasing to
thepublic.method to make the ferry terminals more aesthetically pleasing to the public.
maintenance

Edmonds Terminal
Edmonds Terminal Incorporated
Incorporatedinto
intoSurrounding
SurroundingLandscape
Landscape
Exhibit 460-1
Exhibit 460-1
Consider the following goals in landscape design:
Consider the following goals in landscape design:
Providing safe, inviting, accessible routes to and through the site by both vehicular
Providing safe, inviting,
and pedestrian traffic.accessible routes to and through the site by both vehicular and
pedestrian traffic.
Enhancing views of the terminal from various vantage points.
Providing low maintenance, high durability materials, furnishings and plantings.

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Landscape Architecture Chapter 460

Providing function within the terminal in the form of lighting and site furnishings.
Protecting the environment through reduction of impervious area, habitat
enhancement, stormwater treatment, erosion control, etc.
Connecting the terminal to the surrounding community. For additional information,
see the following chapters:
Chapter Subject
300 Accessibility
320 Environmental Considerations
340 Civil
470 Public Art
530 Parking
560 Site Utilities
570 Signage and Wayfinding
580 Sustainability/Low Impact Development

460.02 References
Unless otherwise noted, any code, standard, or other publication referenced herein
refers to the latest edition of said document.
(1) Federal/State Laws and Codes
International Building Code (IBC), International Code Council
(2) Design Guidance
28 CFR Part 35 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local
Government Services
Design Manual M 22-01
RCW 43.17.200 Allocation of moneys for acquisition of works of art Expenditures by
arts commission - Conditions
Roadside Classification Plan M 25-31
Roadside Manual M 25-30
Standard Plans M 21-01
Standard Specifications M 41-10

460.03 Design Considerations

(1) Accessibility
Wherever pedestrian facilities are intended to be a part of a transportation facility,
28CFR Part 35 requires that those pedestrian facilities meet ADA guidelines. Federal
regulations require that all new construction, reconstruction, or alteration of existing
transportation facilities be designed and constructed to be accessible and useable by
those with disabilities and that existing facilities be retrofitted to be accessible. Design
pedestrian facilities to accommodate all types of pedestrians, including children,
adults, the elderly, and persons with mobility, sensory, or cognitive disabilities. Refer
to Chapter 300 for accessibility requirements.

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Chapter 460 Landscape Architecture

(2) Environmental Considerations

Chapter
Chapter
460 460
Refer to Chapter 320 for general environmental requirements and designLandscape Landscape
guidance. Architecture
Architecture

Refer to the project NEPA/SEPA documentation for project-specific environmental

and constructed
and constructed
impacts andto mitigation.
be accessible
to be accessible
and useable
and useable
by those
by with
thosedisabilities
with disabilities
and that
andexisting
that existing
facilities
facilities
be retrofitted
be retrofitted
to be accessible.
to be accessible.
DesignDesign
pedestrian
pedestrian
facilities
facilities
to accommodate
to accommodate
all types
all of
types of
pedestrians,
pedestrians,
including
including
children,
children,
adults,adults,
the elderly,
the elderly,
and persons
and persons
with mobility,
with mobility,
sensory,
sensory,
or or
460.04 Pedestrian
cognitive
cognitive
Pavement
disabilities.
disabilities.
Refer Refer
/toHardscape:
to ChapterChapter
300 for300
accessibility
for accessibility
requirements.
requirements.
(1) General
(2) (2)Environmental
Environmental Considerations
Considerations
Provide pedestrian pavements throughout the site that is safe, slip resistant, and
Refer Refer
to Chapter
to Chapter
320 for320
general
for general
environmental
environmental
requirements
requirements
and design
and design
guidance.
guidance.
Refer Refer
to the to the
accessible. Design pedestrian pavements using guidance in the Roadside Manual
projectproject
NEPA/SEPA
NEPA/SEPA
documentation
documentation
for project-specific
for project-specific
environmental
environmental
impactsimpacts
and mitigation.
and mitigation.
M25-30, the Design Manual M 22-01, and the Standard Plans M 21-01. Additionally,
460.4design
460.4pedestrian surfacesPavement
Pedestrian
Pedestrian to comply
Pavementwith ADA
/ Hardscape: standards. Refer to Chapter 300
/ Hardscape:
forguidelines.
(1) (1)General General
Consider the use of pervious pavement to reduce stormwater runoff. Refer to
Provide
Provide
pedestrian
pedestrian
Chapter580 pavements
for pavements
throughout
information throughout
on the sitethe
pervious that
site
isthat
safe,isdesign.
pavement slip
safe,
resistant,
slip resistant,
and accessible.
and accessible.
DesignDesign
pedestrian
pedestrian
pavements
pavements
using using
guidance
guidance
in theinRoadside
the Roadside
Manual , the Design
Manual , the Design
Manual ,
Manual ,
Where
and the
and thecast
Standard in place
Standard
Plans concrete
.Plans is specified
Additionally,
. Additionally, in pedestrian
designdesign
pedestrian
pedestrian areas,
surfaces ensure
surfaces
to comply that
withconcrete,
to comply ADA
with ADA
reinforcement,
standards.
standards.
Refer Referscoring
to Chapter andfor
to Chapter
300 jointing
300 comply with WSDOT and ADA standards. Refer
guidelines.
for guidelines.
tothe Design Manual Section 1510.05 for additionalguidance.
Consider
Consider
the usethe
ofuse
pervious
of pervious
pavement
pavement
to reduce
to reduce
stormwater
stormwater
runoff.runoff.
Refer Refer
to Chapter
to Chapter
580 for
580 for
(2) Terminal Pedestrian
information
information
on pervious Entrypavement
on pervious
pavementPlazas
design.design.
WherePedestrian
Where
cast incastpavement
place
in concretematerials
place concrete and
is specified in patterning
is specified
pedestrian in theareas,
in pedestrian
areas, terminal
ensure that entry
ensure plazas
concrete, serve
that concrete, to set
reinforcement,
reinforcement,
the
scoring vocabulary
scoring
and jointing of the
and jointing
comply rest of
comply
with theWSDOT
WSDOT
with sites
andpavement.
ADA
and ADA Create
standards. a community
standards.
Refer Refer
to the to thespace
WSDOT WSDOT through
DesignDesign
Manual,
Manual,
the 1510.05
use of1510.05
Pedestrian
color Pedestrian
and Facility
scoring Facility
asDesign
Design
for in
patterns additional
for
theadditional
guidance.
hardscape. guidance.
Provide the highest level of
intricacy in pavement materials and patterning immediate to entries to help distinguish
(2) (2)Terminal TerminalPedestrian
Pedestrian EntryEntry
Plazas Plazas
them from and, in conjunction with plantings and site furnishings, support their clear
and
Pedestrian immediate
Pedestrian
pavement identification.
pavement
materialsmaterials Design
and patterning
and scoring
patterning
in the in andterminal
terminal
the jointing patterns
entry plazas
entry serveinto
plazas response
serve to set to
set the the
adjacent
vocabulary
vocabulary architecture
of the of
rest the and
theofrest of theanticipated
sites pavement. pedestrian
sites pavement.
Create Create traffic
a community flows
spaceas
a community wellthrough
space
through asthesite amenities.
usetheofuse
color
of color
and scoring
and scoring
Design aspavement
patterns
as patterns
ininthe
thein
hardscape.
the hardscape.
terminal ProvideProvide
the highest
pedestrian the highest
entry level of
plazas level
intricacy
for of intricacy
in pavement
occasional in pavement
vehicle
materials
materials
access,andwhere
patterning
and patterning
immediate
applicable. immediate
to entries
Where to entries
to helpto
vehicular distinguish
help distinguish
access them from
is needed them and,
for WSFfromin
orand,
conjunction
in conjunction
emergency
with and
plantings
withservice
plantings
andvehicles,
site
andfurnishings,
siteconsider
furnishings,
supportsupport
their clear
their and
clearimmediate
and immediate
identification.
identification.
the use of removable bollards. Design removable Design Design
scoringscoring
and jointing
and jointing
patterns patterns
in response
in response
to adjacent
to adjacent
architecture
architecture
and anticipated
and anticipated
pedestrian
pedestrian
traffictraffic
bollardsin accordance with the Standard Plans M 21-01 and the WSDOT Design
flows flows
as wellasaswell
siteas
amenities.
site amenities.
DesignDesign
pavement
pavement
in the interminal
the terminal
pedestrian
pedestrian
entry plazas
entry plazas
for for
ManualM22-01.

Example
Example Terminal
Example
Terminal Entry
Terminal
Entry Plazas
Entry
Plazas
Plazas
Exhibit
Exhibit 460-2
Exhibit
460-2 460-2

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 Landscape Architecture Chapter 460
Landscape Architecture Chapter 460

occasional vehicle access, where applicable. Where vehicular access is needed for WSF or
(3) Vehicle Holding,
emergency Parking,
and service and consider
vehicles, Curbside Drop-off
the use Areasbollards. Design removable
of removable
bollards in accordance with the WSDOT Standard Plans and the WSDOT Design Manual.
In areas where vehicles will be in close proximity to pedestrians - such as vehicle
holding,
(3) parking,
Vehicle and curbside
Holding, drop-off
Parking, andareas - use pavement
Curbside Drop-off materials
Areas or patterning to
clearly indicate the hierarchy of pedestrian and vehicular spaces. Demarcate pedestrian
In areas where vehicles will be in close proximity to pedestrians - such as vehicle holding,
only zones and designated pedestrian crossing zones. Provide well defined pedestrian
parking, and curbside drop-off areas - use pavement materials or patterning to clearly indicate the
walkways in parking lots and multi- modal stations from parking to building, ferry
hierarchy of pedestrian and vehicular spaces. Demarcate pedestrian only zones and designated
loading, crossing
pedestrian transit centers, and commuter
zones. Provide rail.pedestrian
well defined Also consider the impacts
walkways in parkingoflots
vegetation on
and multi-
a drivers
modal sight
stations distance
from parkingwhere pedestrians
to building, and vehicles
ferry loading, may interact.
transit centers, Avoid rail.
and commuter planting
Also
vegetation that may obscure a drivers vision at locations where vehicles are
consider the impacts of vegetation on a drivers sight distance where pedestrians and vehicleslikely
to cross
may a pedestrians
interact. path.
Avoid planting Providethat
vegetation clear
mayand accessible
obscure walkways
a drivers vision attolocations
concessions,
where
vehicles are likely
restrooms, to cross
and pet a pedestrians
areas. path. Provide
Refer to Chapter 340 forclear and accessible
vehicular paving walkways to
design criteria.
concessions, restrooms, and pet areas. Refer to Chapter 340 for vehicular paving design criteria.
(4) Waterfront Promenades
(4) Waterfront Promenades
Provide for maximum pedestrian accessibility along the waterfront without negatively
Provide for maximum
impacting pedestrian
operations. Consideraccessibility
providingalong
gradetheseparation,
waterfront where
withoutpromenades
negatively impacting
cross
operations. Consider providing grade separation, where promenades cross the ferry
the ferry loading and unloading zones. Design promenade pavement, where feasible, loading and
unloading zones. Design
for occasional vehiclepromenade
access. pavement, where feasible, for occasional vehicle access.

Example Waterfront
Example Waterfront Promenade
Promenade
Exhibit 460-3
Exhibit 460-3

460.5
460.05 LandscapingLandscaping
(1)
(1) General General
Landscaping
Landscaping cancan
serve numerous
serve functions
numerous at a terminal
functions facility.facility.
at a terminal These may include,
These may but are not
include,
limited to: creating a visual esthetic (providing scale, color, texture, framed views, etc.);
but are not limited to: creating a visual esthetic (providing scale, color, texture, framed
views, etc.); enhancing habitat; reducing impervious area; providing stormwater
treatment; protecting facilities from sun and wind; screening parking and other
unsightly areas; and blending the terminal with the surrounding community.
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Chapter 460 Landscape Architecture
Chapter
Chapter 460
460 Landscape
Landscape Architecture
Architecture

Landscaping
enhancing at most
enhancinghabitat;
habitat; WSFimpervious
reducing
reducing terminals is
impervious minimal
area;
area; providing
providingduestormwater
to the inherent
stormwater maintenance
treatment;
treatment; protecting
protectingfacilities
facilities
requirements
from
fromsunsun and (irrigation,
and wind;
wind; screening
screeningpruning,
parking
parking mowing,
and otherleaf
and other cleanup,
unsightly
unsightly etc)and
areas;
areas; and
and the limited
blending
blending the
the terminal
terminal with
with
availability
the of staff
the surrounding
surrounding to perform said maintenance. Due to the increasing emphasis
community.
community.
on environmental considerations, the implementation of landscaping is becoming
Landscaping
Landscaping at at most
most WSFWSF terminals
terminals isis minimal
minimal duedue to
to the
the inherent
inherent maintenance
maintenance requirements
requirements
more important. It is essential that the landscape architect coordinate closely with
(irrigation,
(irrigation, pruning,
pruning, mowing,
mowing, leaf
leaf cleanup,
cleanup, etc)
etc) and
andthe
the limited
limited availability
availability ofof staff
staff toto perform
performsaid
said
Terminal
maintenance.Facility
maintenance. Due
Due to Engineers
to the Office
the increasing
increasing or Terminal
emphasis
emphasis on Maintenance
on environmental
environmental Office on the
considerations,
considerations, thedesign of all
the
landscaping
implementation
implementation features
of to ensureisisthat
of landscaping
landscaping they are
becoming
becoming more
moremaintainable.
important.
important. ItIt isis essential
essential that
that the
the landscape
landscape
architect
architectlandscaped
Design coordinate
coordinate closely
closelythroughout
areas with
with Terminal
Terminal
theFacility
Facility
site forEngineers
Engineers Office
Office or
low maintenance orTerminal
Terminal
with Maintenance
Maintenance
a plant
Office
Office on
on the
the design
design of
of all
all landscaping
landscaping features
features to
to ensure
ensure that
that they
they are
are
palette consisting of native and adaptive species requiring relatively limited care and maintainable.
maintainable.
providing
Design habitat enhancement
Design landscaped
landscaped areas
areas throughout
throughout wherever
the
the site possible.
site for
for low Native species
low maintenance
maintenance with aaprovide
with plant a relatively
plant palette
palette consisting
consisting
simple,
of nativewild
of native andaesthetic
and adaptive and a visual
adaptive species
species requiringconnection
requiring relatively to the surrounding
relativelylimited
limited care
care and area. Utilize
and providing
providing habitat plant
habitat enhancement
enhancement
species
wherever
whereversize and form
possible.
possible. Nativeto provide
Native species pedestrian
species provide
provide and urban
aa relatively
relatively simple,scale.
simple, wildDesign
wild landscaping
aesthetic
aesthetic and visualto
and aa visual
connection
connection
promote to
opento the
the surrounding
surrounding
views area.
for personalarea. Utilize
Utilize plant
safety. plant species
species size
size and
and form
formtoto provide
provide pedestrian
pedestrian and
and
urban
urban scale.
scale. Design
Design landscaping
landscapingto
to promote
promote open
open views
views for
for personal
personal safety.
safety.
Consider the use of planters, especially where space is limited and/or the facilities are
Consider
Consider
located onthe
the use
use of
piers of planters,
over planters, especially
especially
the water. Whenwhere
where space
space isis
designing withlimited
limited and/or
and/ortake
planters, the
the facilities
facilities are
are located
into account located
such onon
piers
piers over
over the
the water.
water. When
When designing
designing with
with planters,
planters, take
take into
into account
account such
such
factors as drainage, freeze protection, irrigation, and general exposure to the elements factors
factors as
as drainage,
drainage,
freeze
freeze protection,
includingprotection,
sun, wind,irrigation,
irrigation, and
and general
and rain. general exposure
exposure toto the
the elements
elements including
including sun,sun, wind,
wind, and
and rain.
rain.

Landscaping Planters at the Seattle Ferry Terminal

Landscaping
Landscaping Planters
Planters at
at the
the Seattle
Exhibit 460-4
Seattle Ferry
Ferry Terminal
Terminal
Exhibit
Exhibit460-4
460-4
Landscaping work is comprised of the following: protection of existing valued
Landscaping
Landscaping work
workisis comprised
comprised of of the
the following:
following: protection
protection ofof existing
existing valued
valued vegetation;
vegetation;
vegetation;
preparation
preparation
preparation of
of site
site soils
of planting;
soils for
site soilsinstallation
for planting;
for planting;
installation of
installation
of irrigation
irrigation (as
of irrigation
(as required);
(as required);
required); planting
planting and
and
planting
permanent and permanent
permanent erosion
erosion control.
control. erosion control.
(a) Existing
(a) Vegetation
(a) Existing
Existing Vegetation
Vegetation
WhenWhendesigning
When designing
designingnew newterminals,
new terminals,
terminals, protection
protectionof
protection ofexisting
of existing sitevegetation
existingsite
site vegetation
vegetation can
cancan provide
provide
provide a
aa valuable
valuable
valuable resource
resource
resource for for purposes
for purposes
purposes of of ecology,
of ecology,
ecology, facility facility function,
facilityfunction,
function, and and aesthetics.
and aesthetics.
aesthetics. Wherever Wherever
Wherever possible,
possible, restrict
restrict
possible,
lay restrict
lay down
down areas
areaslaytodown
to areas areas
areas that
that toreceive
will
will areas that
receive will receive
pavement
pavement or pavement
or buildings
buildings in orto
in order
order buildings
to maintain in
maintain the
the
orderstructure
to maintain
structure of thethe
of the structure
existing
existing soils.of the existing soils.
soils.

(b) Soil Preparation

Specify planting soil subgrade be scarified prior to the installation and integration of
topsoil. Soil preparation in all planting areas is to be specified by Washington State
Ferries. Specify structural soils under parking and pedestrian pavement.

Terminal
Terminal Design
Design Manual
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 (b) (b)
Soil
(b)
Soil
Preparation:
Soil
Preparation:
Preparation:
Landscape Architecture Chapter 460
Specify
Specify
Specify
planting
planting
planting
soilsoil
subgrade
soil
subgrade
subgrade
be scarified
be be
scarified
scarified
priorprior
to
prior
the
to the
to
installation
the
installation
installation
andand
integration
and
integration
integration
of topsoil.
of topsoil.
of topsoil.
SoilSoil
preparation
Soil
preparation
preparation
in all
in planting
all
in all
planting
planting
areas
areas
is
areas
toisbe
to
is specified
be
to be
specified
specified
by Washington
by by
Washington
Washington
State
State
Ferries.
State
Ferries.
Ferries.
Specify
Specify
Specify
(c) structural
Irrigation
structural
structural
soils System
soils
under
soils
under
under
parking
parking
parking
andand
pedestrian
and
pedestrian
pedestrian
pavement.
pavement.
pavement.
(c) (c) Provide
Irrigation
(c)
Irrigation anSystem:
Irrigationautomatic,
System:
System: water-conserving permanent irrigation system, as required, for
survival of landscaping. Consider the use of a drip irrigation system where appropriate
Provide
Provide
Provide
an automatic,
an an
automatic,
automatic,
water-conserving
water-conserving
water-conservingpermanent
permanent
permanent
irrigation
irrigation
irrigation
system,
system,
system,
as required,
as required,
as required,
for for
survival
for
survival
survival
for the given site conditions. Whenever possible, select plant species that do not
of landscaping.
of landscaping.
of landscaping.
Consider
Consider
Consider
the the
usethe
use
ofuse
aofdrip
aofdrip
airrigation
drip
irrigation
irrigation
system
system
system
where
where
where
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
for for
thefor
the
given
the
given
given
siterequire
site irrigation
conditions.
site
conditions.
conditions. for survival.
Whenever
Whenever
Whenever
possible,
possible,
possible,
select
select
select
plant
plant
species
plant
species
species
thatthat
dothat
not
do do
not
require
not
require
require
irrigation
irrigation
irrigation
for forfor
survival.
survival.
survival.
(d) Plantings
(d) (d)
Plantings:
(d)
Plantings:
Plantings:
Provide plantings consisting of predominately native species in naturally occurring
plant
Provide communities,
Provide
Provide
plantings
plantings
plantings designed
consisting
consisting
consisting to predominately
enhancenative
of predominately
of predominately
of thenative
facility,
native
species and
species inprovide
species
in naturally
naturally habitat
in naturally
occurring value,
occurring
occurring
plant
plant
plant
seasonal
communities, interest
communities,
communities,
designed and
designed
designedlow tomaintenance.
to enhance
to enhance
enhance
the the
facility,
the Specify
facility,
facility,
andand plant
provide
and
provide species
provide
habitat
habitat that
habitat
value,
value, are
value, drought
seasonal
seasonal
seasonal and
interest
interest
interest
anddisease
and
low
and
low resistant.
maintenance.
low
maintenance.Unless
maintenance.
Specify otherwise
Specify
Specify
plant
plant
species
plant noted
species
species here
thatthat
are
that
areor required
drought
are
drought
drought
andand by environmental
disease
and
disease
disease
resistant.
resistant.
resistant.permitting,
Unless
Unless
Unless
otherwise
otherwise
otherwise
providenotednoted
noted
herehere
plantings orhere
required
peror WSDOT
required
or required
by environmental
by by
environmental
environmental
Roadside permitting,
permitting,
permitting,
Classification provide
provide
Plan provide
plantings
plantings
plantings
guidelines per
forper
WSDOT
per
WSDOT
WSDOT
Semiurban
Roadside
Roadside
to Roadside
Classification
Urban, Classification
Classification
Treatment PlanPlan
Level Plan
guidelines
guidelines
2. guidelines
for for
Semiurban
for
Semiurban
Semiurban
to Urban,
to Urban,
to Urban,
Treatment
Treatment
Treatment
Level
Level
Level
2. 2. 2.

Example Plantings
Example
Example
Example
Plantings
Plantings
Plantings
Exhibit 460-5
Exhibit
Exhibit
Exhibit
460-5
460-5
460-5
(e) Permanent
(e) (e)
Permanent
(e)
Permanent
Permanent
Erosion
Erosion
Erosion
Erosion
Control:
Control:
Control:
Control:
Design terminal landscaping that incorporates permanent erosion control measures.
Design
Design
Design
terminal
terminal
terminal
landscaping
landscaping
landscaping
thatthat
incorporates
that
incorporates
incorporates
permanent
permanent
permanent
erosion
erosion
erosion
control
control
control
measures.
measures.
measures.
Involve
Involve
Involve
theInvolve
the
WSDOT
the
WSDOT the
WSDOT WSDOT
Regional
Regional
Regional Regional
Landscape
Landscape
Landscape Landscape
Architect
Architect to Architect
Architect
to determine
determine
to determineto determine
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
grass appropriate
grass
seed
grass
seed
mix
seed
mix grass
design.
mix
design.seed
design.
mix
Minimize design.
Minimize
Minimize
areas Minimize
areas
that
areas
that
may
that
may areas
cause
may
cause that
cause
increased may
increased cause
increased
stormwater increased
stormwater
stormwater
runoff
runoff stormwater
runoff
velocities.
velocities.
velocities.
Referrunoff
Refer
Refer
to the velocities.
to the
to
WSDOT
the
WSDOT
WSDOT
Refer
Design
Design toManual
Design
Manual the WSDOT
Manual
and and
the
and
the Design
WSDOT
the
WSDOT HRM
WSDOT Manual
HRMHRM
for and
for the WSDOT
additional
for
additional
additional
guidelines HRM
guidelines
guidelines
for forfor additional
permanent
for
permanent
permanent
erosion guidelines
erosion
erosion
for permanent erosion control.
control.
control.
control.
(2) (2)
Terminal Entrance
(2)(2)Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
Entrance
Entrance
Entrance
Utilize Utilize
Utilize
Utilize landscaping
landscaping
landscaping
landscaping
at the
at the
at at
terminal
the the
terminalterminal
terminal
entrance toentrance
entrance
entrance
provide
to provideato
to provide aprovide
clearclear
aand
clear
andaand
clear
welcoming
welcomingand
welcoming welcoming
experience
experience
experience
andandtoand
to to
helphelpexperience
establish
help
establish
establish
a senseand
a sense
a of to
sense help
arrival
of arrival establish
of arrival
by framing
by by a
framing sense
framing
viewsviews of
views arrival
of both
of both
oftheboth by
the
entryframing
the
entry
and
entry
and views
itsand
signage.
its its of
signage. both
signage.
Consider the entry
Consider
Consider
and
plantings
plantings its
plantings
that signage.
that
provide
that
provide
provideConsider
seasonal
seasonal
seasonal
colorplantings
color
and
colorand
texture
and that
texture provide
texture
with with
plant
with seasonal
plant
masses
plant
masses
massescolor
including andtrees,
including texture
including trees,
shrubs
trees,with
andplant
shrubs
shrubs
andand
groundcover
groundcover
groundcover
masses scaled
including
scaled
scaled
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
trees,toshrubs
vehicle
to vehicle
to vehicle
traffic
and traffic
traffic
andand
theand
groundcover the
design
the
design
design
speed
scaled speed
speed
of the
of the
of
adjacent
appropriate the
adjacent
adjacent
to roadways.
roadways.
vehicleroadways.
traffic
Incorporate
Incorporate
Incorporate
trees
trees
and
trees
and
lower
and
lower
lower
plantings
plantings
plantings
to partially
to partially
to partially
screen
screen
screen
roadway
roadway
roadway
and and
and the design speed of the adjacent roadways. Incorporate trees and lower plantings toparking
and
parking
parking
lot lot
views
lot
views
views
fromfrom
from
adjacent
adjacent
adjacent
uses.
uses.
partially Design
uses.
Design
screenDesign
landscaping
landscaping
landscaping
roadway in
and compliance
inparking
compliance
in compliancewith
lot with
WSDOT
with
views WSDOTWSDOT
from clear
clear
zone
clear
adjacent zone
and
zone
and
uses.setback
and
setback
Designsetback
landscaping
requirements
requirements
requirements
(Design
(Design Manual,
(Design Manual,
Manual,
500.05)
500.05)
500.05)
on WSDOT
on on
WSDOTWSDOT
right-of-way.
right-of-way.
right-of-way.
in compliance with WSDOT clear zone and setback requirements (Design Manual Refer
Refer
Refer
to Section
to Section
to Section
500.05(4)
500.05(4)
500.05(4)
for forfor
clear
clear
zone
clear
zone
requirements
zonerequirements
requirements
within
within
within
the the
WSFthe
WSFterminal
WSFterminal
terminal
boundaries.
boundaries.
boundaries.
Section 500.05) on WSDOT right-of-way. Refer to Section 500.05(4) for clear zone
requirements within the WSF terminal boundaries.
Page
Page
460-6
Page
460-6
460-6 Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
Design
Design
Design
Manual
Manual
Manual
M 3082
M 3082
M 3082
June
June
2012
June
2012
2012

Page 460-6 WSF Terminal Design Manual M 3082.05

April 2016
Chapter 460 Landscape Architecture

(3) Terminal Pedestrian Entry Plazas

Consider providing landscaping at the edges of plazas comprised of native and
adaptive evergreen and deciduous trees, low shrubs and groundcovers. Trees may
be used to: frame the plazas; buffer the plazas from adjacent vehicular access routes
and parking lots; provide screening; provide shade and protection from the wind; and
contribute to the terminals character. Utilize plantings within the plazas to provide
color, soften the buildings, and generally help support a pedestrian scaled experience.
Specify shrubs with an ultimate maximum height of 36 inches and locate such that
their ultimate maximum width does not exceed bed edges by more than 12 inches.
Specify trees with an ultimate maximum height of 40 feet (unless further restricted by
the local jurisdiction), a maximum width of 20 feet, and a non invasive root system.
(4) Vehicle Holding Area
Vehicle holding lanes located off highway right of way are typically subject to the local
jurisdictions landscaping requirements for parking lots and developments. WSFs
preferred landscaping within the vehicle holding area consists of resilient low shrubs,
ornamental grasses and vines. When possible, limit landscaping in the vehicle holding
area to lower plantings around the perimeter and a pet area. Landscaping within or
between vehicle holding lanes is undesirable due to its impact on the efficiency of
WSFs sorting and loading operations.
(5) Parking and Curbside Drop-off
Consider landscaping parking areas to help screen views of vehicles in the parking
lot, to provide shade, and to help reduce the apparent size and amount of impervious
surface. Provide landscaping and screening of the perimeter using deciduous trees and
planting beds. To protect view corridors, specify tree species that grow less than 30 feet
high in waterfront areas, and less than 40 feet high elsewhere unless further restricted
by the local jurisdiction. Specify tress have a minimum of 2.5-inch caliper at planting.
Design planting beds to be a minimum of 5 feet wide.
Where parking is allowed to overhang the landscaping beds, add an additional 2 feet
to the width of the landscape bed. Landscaping should be drought resistant and/or be
indigenous species.
Provide drip irrigation as necessary. Coordinate the locations of trees and light poles to
ensure minimum required light levels. Refer to the Roadside Manual Chapter 630 for
additional guidelines on landscaping in parking areas.
(6) Waterfront Promenades
A promenade along the project shoreline offers a unique experience for walking and
seating beside the waters edge. When designing a waterfront promenade, consider
locating site amenities to create periodic small informal resting and viewing places
(pockets) at select points. Design amenities at the pockets to provide shade, scale and
protection from winds as well as frame views out to and from the water. Select plant
species for salt tolerance and general shoreline resilience. Provide overlooks at key,
feasible locations. Design plantings at the pockets to maintain open view corridors to
the water and for personal safety.

WSF Terminal Design Manual M 3082.05 Page 460-7

April 2016
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture Chapter 460
Chapter 460
Landscape
LandscapeArchitecture
Architecture Chapter
Chapter460
460

Pedestrian Walkways
Pedestrian Walkways Along
Along the
the Water
Water
Pedestrian
PedestrianWalkways
Walkways Along
Alongthe
Exhibit 460-6 theWater
Water
Exhibit 460-6
Exhibit
Exhibit460-6
460-6
(7) (7)
Bioretention Bioretention
Areas Areas
(7)
(7) Bioretention
BioretentionAreas Areas
Designbioretention
Design bioretention areas
areas suchsuch as bioswales
as bioswales and biorention
and biorention cells tocells to incorporate
incorporate naturalized
Design
Design bioretention
bioretention
wetland-type areas
areas
features, such
such
planted as
as
withbioswales
bioswales
native and
andand biorention
biorention
adaptive water
naturalized wetland-type features, planted with native and adaptive watercells
cellsto
to incorporate
incorporate
tolerant species. naturalized
naturalized
Specify plantings
tolerant
wetland-type
wetland-type
within the features,
features,
bioretention planted
planted
areas with
with
which native
native
meet and
and
the adaptive
adaptive
technical water
water tolerant
tolerant
requirements species.
forspecies. Specify
retentionSpecify
and plantings
plantings
treatment.
species. Specify plantings within the bioretention areas which meet the technical
within
within
For the
thebioretention
personal bioretention
safety areas
areasand
reasons which
which meet
meetthe
to maintainthewater
technical
technical requirements
views,requirements
provide for
lowerforretention
retentionand
growing andtreatment.
treatment.
species,
requirements
For
For personal
personal forreasons
safety
safety retention
reasons and
andand
toto treatment.
maintain
maintain Forviews,
water
water personal
views, safety reasons andspecies,
to maintain
primarily under 4 feet in height. Consider utilizing nativeprovide
provide lower
trees, lowlower growing
shrubsgrowing species,
and groundcovers to
water views,
primarily provide lower growing species, primarily under 4 feetandin height. Consider
frame larger bioretention areas, help define these areas as distinct spaces, and provide habitat to
primarily under
under 44feet
feet in
inheight.
height. Consider
Consider utilizing
utilizing native
native trees,
trees, low
low shrubs
shrubs and groundcovers
groundcovers to
utilizing
frame
frame larger
larger
enhancement. native trees, low
bioretention
bioretention areas,shrubs
areas, help and groundcovers
helpdefine
define these
theseareas
areasas to frame
asdistinct
distinct largerand
spaces,
spaces, bioretention
and provide areas,
providehabitat
habitat
help define these areas as distinct spaces, and provide habitat enhancement.
enhancement.
enhancement.

Biorentention
Biorentention Area
Area Near
Near Edmonds
Edmonds Ferry
Ferry Terminal
Terminal
Biorentention
BiorententionArea
AreaExhibit
Near
NearEdmonds
ExhibitEdmonds
460-7
460-7 Ferry
FerryTerminal
Terminal
Exhibit
Exhibit460-7
460-7

Page 460-8 Terminal Design Manual M 3082

Page
Page460-8
460-8 Terminal
TerminalDesign
DesignManual
Manual MM3082
June 3082
2012
Page 460-8 WSF Terminal Design Manual M 3082.05June
June 2012
2012
April 2016
Chapter 460 Landscape Architecture

460.06 Lighting
Chapter 460
Incorporate vehicular and pedestrian scale lighting throughout the terminalLandscape designed to Architecture

provide personal safety and promote an overall sense of security. Provide the highest
460.6 Lighting
level of lighting at entry areas, steps, and vehicular to pedestrian transition zones.
For safety and aesthetic reasons, design lighting layout in response to anticipated
Incorporate vehicular and pedestrian scale lighting throughout the terminal designed to provide
pedestrian
personal traffic
safety flows asanwell
and promote as to
overall adjacent
sense architecture
of security. Provideandthe amenities
highest levelincluding
of lighting at
tree grates, bollards, and seating. Clearly illuminate and mark pedestrian
entry areas, steps, and vehicular to pedestrian transition zones. For safety and aesthetic reasons,corridors
outside
design of buildings.
lighting layout in Lighting
response to should be sufficient
anticipated pedestrianfortraffic
security
flowsand identification
as well as to adjacent
without allowing
architecture light to
and amenities trespasstree
including onto adjacent
grates, sites.
bollards, andDesign
seating.lighting along waterfront
Clearly illuminate and
to minimize
mark pedestrianimpacts
corridorstooutside
the beach and the water.
of buildings. LightingPrevent
should light spillageforinto
be sufficient the water,
security and
identification without allowing light to trespass onto adjacent sites. Design
which can have adverse impacts to aquatic life. Additionally, consider the effects of lighting along
waterfront to minimizenear
lighting placement impacts
the to the beach
berths and the
on night water.
time Prevent for
navigation lightcaptains
spillage approaching
into the water,
which can have
the dock. adverse
Refer impacts
to Section to aquatic
560.10 and life. Additionally,
the WSDOT consider
Design the effects
Manual Chapterof lighting
1040
placement near the berths on night time navigation for captains approaching the dock. Refer to
Illumination for lighting design criteria.
Section 560.10 (Site Lighting) and the WSDOT Design Manual Chapter 1040 Illumination for
lighting design criteria.
460.07 Site Furnishings
460.7 Site
Support overall siteFurnishings
design language, particularly in pedestrian areas, with a repletion
of site overall
Support furnishings. Site language,
site design furnishings include, in
particularly but are not limited
pedestrian to: aseating,
areas, with bike
repletion racks,
of site
trash receptacles, decorative fencing, pedestrian railings, shelters, bollards, and mutt
furnishings. Site furnishings include, but are not limited to: seating, bike racks, trash receptacles,
mitt dispensers
decorative fencing,(in pet area).
pedestrian railings, shelters, bollards, and mutt mitt dispensers (in pet area).

Site Furnishings at Edmonds Ferry Terminal

Exhibit 460-8
Exhibit 460-8
Consider
Considerthethe
following when
following selecting
when and incorporating
selecting site furnishings:
and incorporating site furnishings:
Select
Selectfurnishings
furnishings of the
of the mostmost durable
durable quality
quality reasonable
reasonable considering
considering budget. budget.
Provide
Provide seating
seating thatthat accommodates
accommodates the elderly
the elderly and disabled
and disabled and
and discourages sleeping.
discouragessleeping.
Locate seating and trash receptacles in parking and passenger drop-off zones, vehicle holding
areas,
Locate seating
terminal and trash
pedestrian receptacles
entry inkey
plazas, and parking andalong
locations passenger drop-off
pedestrian zones,
access routes.
vehicle holding areas, terminal pedestrian entry plazas, and key locations along
Use curbing and/or
pedestrian accessbollards
routes.to separate pedestrian and pet areas from adjacent vehicular
zones.

WSF Terminal Design Manual M 3082.05 Page 460-9

April 2016

Page 460-9
Landscape Architecture Chapter 460

Use curbing and/or bollards to separate pedestrian and pet areas from adjacent
vehicular zones.
Locate bike racks in plaza areas near the passenger terminal building.
Incorporate pedestrian guard rails along the waterfront, as necessary, to promote
public safety. Design and site railings to limit obscuring water and other desirable
views. Additionally, design railings to ADA Standards.

460.08 Signage and Informational Kiosks

Design signage and informational kiosks so that features such as size, shape, color,
lighting, and contrast are combined to draw attention to the devices; that size, shape,
color, and simplicity of message combine to produce a clear meaning; that legibility
and size combine with placement to permit adequate time for response; and that
uniformity, size, legibility, and reasonableness of the message combine to command
respect. Refer to the Standard Plans M 21-01, the WSDOT Sign Fabrication Manual
and Chapter 770 for additional information.

460.09 Public Art

RCW 43.17.200 requires that all state agencies allocate out of moneys appropriated for
the original construction of any public building, an amount of one-half of onepercent
of the appropriation to be expended by the Washington State Arts Commission for the
acquisition of works of art. The works of art may be placed on public lands, integral
to or attached to a public building or structure. Refer to Chapter 470 for additional
guidance and restrictions.

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April 2016