Professional Documents
Culture Documents
T H I S PAPER outlines time saving procedures that may be the designer a close approximation of the equivalent
employed by structural engineers to design columns axial load for selection of a proper column size.
subjected to combined axial and bending stress. T w o Fi gure 1 shows a typical page of column load tables
procedures are described, each of which involves pre- in the Manual, with the above factors inserted at 5 ft
calculated coefficients for insertion in the present column increments of length. T h e heavy line added to the table
tables of the AISC Manual. A discussion of these tables indicates the effective length Lc above which the allow-
and their use has already been published. 1 able bending stress Fb may be taken at 0.66 Fy. For all
Method A provides a short-cut procedure for select- lengths below this line, Fb shall not exceed 0.60 Fy.
ing a column shape from the Manual tables with a Likewise, the dashed line indicates when the effective
reasonable degree of accuracy. It is a rapid method for length Lu has been reached. Below this line Fb may be
preliminary design, sufficiently accurate for many determined by Formulas (4) and (5) of the AISC Speci-
commonly encountered design problems. fication. However, in column design this last case seldom
Method B is a modification of the existing interaction becomes a problem.
Equations (6), (7a) and (7b) which appear on page Direct interpolation to determine factors for any
3-10 of the A I S C Manual, which are derived directly column length is possible, provided the Lc or Lu line
from formulas in the AISC Specification. (see Fig. 1) does not separate the factors under consid-
eration. Such refinement is not warranted for prelim-
METHOD A
inary design purposes.
This method utilizes three factors which may be calcu- Figure 2 shows an alternate method of listing the
lated for each group of columns having similar prop- factors on an insert sheet.
erties. These factors, in their respective order, are equal Example A illustrates how these factors are employed
to the expressions to determine a proper column shape subject to combined
\2FaBx \2FaBv Fa axial and bending stress.
, and
Fbx Fby 0.6 Fy
EXAMPLE A
Because the bending factors (Bx and By) and the
radius of gyration (ry) are nearly constant for any group Assume the same design conditions as shown in Example
of compact or non-compact column shapes of the same 6, pages 3-10 and 3-11 of the AISC M a n u a l :
nominal size, there is little error introduced in applying Given: P = 600 kips
these factors to such groups. For these groups of shapes, Mx = 190kip-ft
Fa is nearly constant over a range of effective lengths of KL = 18 ft
5 ft. Therefore, when these factors are substituted in Mv = 0
interaction Equations (6), (7a) and (7b), simplified Use A36 steel
expressions result, which are applicable within each
Sidesway assumed uninhibited
group over a 5 ft range of effective length. These give
.-. Cmx = 0.85 (Spec. Sect. 1.6.1)
20
AISC ENGINEERING JOURNAL
3-18
ASTM A 36
Fy 36 ksi COLUMNS
\AF shapes
14
I
Nominal Depth
and Width 14 x 16
TABLE I
Allowable concentric loads in kips
14 X 14%
Weight per Foot 158 150 142 136 127 119 in tl03 |95 t87
6 963 913 867 826 771 722 674 625 577 527
7 954 905 859 818 764 716 667 618 571 522
8 946 897 851 810 756 708 661 612 565 517
9 936 888 843 801 748 701 653 605 559 511
n
JO- 927 879 834 792 739 693 646 599 552 505
ll
12
ii
9
906
4,92
859
Q-90 Ct;Bgf 5 ; jjSro
"S2T 1ET
815 773
73T
721
6S
676
T38~
630 584
5.1& o<9oy
539
499
493
13 895 849 805 763 712 667 622 576 532 486
03
14 884 838 795 752 702 658 613 568 524 479
15 873 827 785 742 692 648 604 560 516 JUL
(l._7_3 4*56 H o. k 5/2.84 Q-84M
Wl
774
Lis. Am
ih TS? 508 465
18
861
836
JttL
793 751
7TT T7T T5T
707 660
FS
576
542
533
500
492
457
449
618
O 19 823 780 740 695 648 607 566 524 483 441
20 810 768 728 683 637 596 555 514 474 433
a.
22
C 1.75
iw
4*f
75T
742
W703
U-TC
170
657
4?
"63
613
o/7
573
"life"
534
H4947 4f?3-
465
456
o3m
425
416
23 783 728 643 600 562 523 484 446 408
768 690
24 714 676 630 587 550 511 473 436 399
754
3 25 700 616 574 537 500 462 426 389
26
27
CI 739
,60
708
4,2Q
671
663
O*
mu F
635
60
587
~5oV
547
33 52F~
o.
512 476
451
440
4 -s
406
ir m
*0.<
381
370
28 693 656 621 572 533 499 463 429 395 361
JZ 29 677 641 606 557 519 485 451 417 384 351
"So 30 660 625 591 541 504 472 438 405 373 J4H
(1.43 2L I :;f>7l i>Z) (t/3fe! 3.34' 0,601
32
34 591 559 528
W
476
^
443
m. 414 nr 380
355
350
J-1T4-W
36 555
517
525
489
495
461
442
406
411
377
383
352
384
355
325
328 ft
276
275
251
38
478
,M4
40 451 425 368 342 319 294 271 249 227
(\>OZ4 2..7fcf Q,47> 10.91 ZcCA * <P-40_i
Properties Lu.
2
Area A (in. ) 46.47 44.08 41.85 39.98 37.33 34.99 32.65 30.26 27.94 25.56
Ratio rx/ry 1.60 1.60 1.59 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.66 1.66
ry (in.) 4.00 3.99 3.97 3.77 3.76 3.75 3.73 3.72 3.71 3.70
Lc (ft.) 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.0 15.9 15.9 15.8
Lu (ft.) 56.0 53.5 50.8 48.3 45.6 42.9 40.2 37.9 35.0 32.5
Bx\ Bending .183 .184 .185 .185 .185 .185 .185 .185 .186 .185
By J factors .485 .487 .491 .519 .520 .521 .525 .525 .529 .530
ax\ Multiply 283.6 266.5 249.1 237.2 220.1 204.3 188.8 173.9 158.5 144.0
ayj values by 106 110.8 104.6 98.3 84.7 78.6 73.3 67.7 62.4 57.3 52.1
Loads below heavy line are for main members with Kl/r ratios between 120 and 200.
t Non-compact section; see discussion under Allowable Loads on Columns, General Notes.
21
JANUARY/ 1964
14 * 16 ! i4'"x""'"T4Vfe. J
156 I S O 142 |J3fe||2T]lJ9 I I I 1 0 3 5>5 8T 1
Fa, l2F a 6 x Fa, -2RLBx
Ft, Fb Z2. Fb 2.-2. Fb Fb
Try: 14 W 7 119 with KL = 18 ft section new bending factors which are designated mx
Select factors as shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 under and my.
column group which includes 14 W 7 119. These new bending factors can be calculated for each
column shape and inserted at the bottom of the column
~ l . / Z ; : .^0.78
load tables. T h e derivation of mz and my follows.
F, 22 If bending occurs about the X X axis, the max-
imum allowable bending moment for a given shape
Check: By E q u a t i o n s (7a) a n d (7b) respectively, may be expressed as
22
Fn |_22 X 34.99
P + P' Br M^
\0.6 FyJ + (0.00288 X 142.5)
may be expressed for A36 steel as:
= 618 X 0.996 = 616 kips
P+ P> = ^l + pam xMx Equation (7a) governs; enter column Table I and
a x x
22A select 14 V\F 136 with an allowable axial load of 707
kips.
P + P' = Pa h mx Mx * To be precalculated and inserted in the tables for each shape. Solve
x
22A mxJor 14 \AF 119 (A36 steel, compact section):
Note that all terms in the foregoing modified equa- Mcx = 24 Sx = 24 X 189.4= 4550 kip-in.;
tions are directly calculated or are presently given in the mx = 12/4550 = 0.00264
23
J A N U A R Y / 1964