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BENGKEL TEKNIK MENJAWAB KERTAS 3 SPM 2015

ELEMEN : 12 SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL

Observing & Making Inference

ASPECT CRITERIA
01 Observing Ability to use the sense of sight

02 Making inference The ability to infer the initial conclusion to explain the
observation

Example SPM 2007

(i) State three observations shown in the diagram 1.2

1. .............................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................

3. .............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
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Example 2 SPM 2011


Set Apparatus set-up Observation
Susunan radas Pemerhatian

(i) Based on set I, state one observation in this experiment. [3 marks]

................................................................................................................................

(ii) Based on the observation in (a)(i), state the inference. [3M]

Example 3 SPM 2014


Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the electrical conductivity of
ionic and covalent compounds with the same concentration.

Experiment Apparatus set-up Ammeter reading


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Diagram 1

Based on Diagram 1, state the observation and the corresponding inference for each
Experiment I, Experiment II and Experiment III in Table 1.

Experiment Observation Inference

II

III

[6 m]
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Measure and using number

ASPECT CRITERIA
03 Measure and Using 1. The ability to collect quantitative information using precise
Number numbers
2. The ability to collect quantitative information using correct
unit.

Example 1 SPM 2009

Table 2
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Based on Diagram 2 record the burette readings and volume of gas evolved at 90 seconds
and 120 seconds in Table 2.

Example 2 SPM 2014


Experiment Apparatus set-up Ammeter reading
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Classifying

ASPECT CRITERIA
04 Classifying The ability to differentiate objects to each group based on
certain criteria such as common characteristics

Example 1 SPM 2011


Table 1 shows the information about pairs of metals and its positive terminal in
voltaic cells.

Pair of metals Positive terminal


Pasangan logam Terminal positif
Silver and copper Silver
Argentum dan Kuprum
Iron and Copper Copper
Ferum dan Kuprum
Tin and Copper Copper
Stanum dan Kuprum
Gold and Copper Gold
Aurum dan Kuprum
Table 1

Clasify silver, iron, tin and gold into metals which are more electropositive than
copper and metals which are less electropositive than copper. [3 m]

Metal which are more electropositive Metal which are less electropositive
than copper than copper

Example 2 SPM 2014


(g) You are given a list of substances as follow:

Tetrachloromethane Lead(II) bromide

Copper(II) sulphate Ethanol

Classify these substances into ionic compound and covalent compound

Ionic compound Covalent compound

[3M]
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Predicting , Communicating & Using Space Relationship with time

ASPECT CRITERIA
05 Predicting 01 The ability predict about what will happen based on
observations or data that can be trusted
02 The ability to predict value of data logically
06 Communicating Ability to present information or data in various forms such as
table, graphs or labelled diagram
07 Using space Ability to describe the changes of the parameters with time
relationship with time

Example 1 SPM 2011

Set I II III IV
Concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution
(mol dm-3) 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.08

Time (s)
20 25 33 50
-1
1 (s )
time 0.05

Table 1.1

(i) Based on Table 1.1, plot a graph of concentration of sodium thiosulphate


solution against 1/time. [3M]

Based on the graph,


(ii) state the relationship between the concentration of sodium thiosulphate
solution and the rate of reaction [3 m]

(ii) Predict the time taken for the mark X to disappear from sight if the
experiment is carried out using 0.22 mol dm-3 of sodium thiosulphate solution.

Show on the graph how you determine the time taken. [3M]

Time : s
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Graph of concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution against 1/time


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Example 2 SPM 2014 (Communicating)


You are given the following apparatus to carry out the electrolysis of molten lead(II)
bromide.

Crucible Connecting wire Carbon electrode


Mangkuk pijar Wayar penyambung Elektrod karbon

Bunsen burner Tripod stand Batteries


Penunu Bunsen Tungku kaki tiga Bateri

Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis. [ 3m]

Example 3 SPM 2007 (Communicating)

[3 m]
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Example 4 SPM 2010 (Predicting)


Rubidium is placed below potassium in Group 1 of The Periodic Table of
Elements. Predict three observations from the reaction of rubidium with
water. [3M]

(i) ......

(ii) ...

(iii) ...............

Experiment Observation during reaction pH meter reading of the


solution after reaction

II

III
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Define operationally

ASPECT CRITERIA
08 Operational Definition 01 What should be done?
02 What is observed?

Example 1:
State the meaning of an acid.

Conceptual definition

Bahan yang mengion dalam air untuk menghasilkan ion hidrogen.

Both ionization and ion hydrogen cannot be seen.

Operational definition of an acid :

What is done? Substance dissolves in water

What is observed? Changes blue litmus paper to red


Answer :
An acid is a substance that dissolves in water and turns blue litmus paper to red.

Example 2

State the operational definition for the heat of neutarlisation in this experiment.

What is done? .......................................................................................................................

What is observed? .................................................................................................................

Operational definition: ................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

Note Must include 1 mole of water, without thisscore 2


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Example 3 SPM 2007


State the operational definition for the coagulation of latex.

What is done? .........................................................................................................................

What is observed? ....................................................................................................................

Operational definiton: ................................................................................................................

Example 4 SPM 2014


State the operational definition for electrical conductivity. [Refer page 5]

[3M]

Example 5 SPM 2013


State the operational definition for the construction of the electrochemical series in this
experiment.

What is done? ....................................................................................................................

What is observed? ............................................................................................................

Operational definiton: ..........................................................................................................


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Interpreting Data

ASPECT CRITERIA
09 Interpreting Data The ability to provide rational explanations about the object
or of the data collected

Example 1 SPM 2011


The experiment for the Set I is repeated by replacing the 250 cm 3 conical flask with
a smaller conical flask.
The time taken for the mark X to disappear from the sight is less than 20 seconds.

Explain why. [3M] [ Refer page 2]

Controlling variables and Making Hypothesis

ASPECT CRITERIA
10 Controlling variables Able to identify manipulated variable, responding variable
and constant variable.
11 Making hypothesis Able to make relationship between manipulated variable and
responding variable with direction

Example 1 SPM 2014

(a) For this experiment, state [Refer page 5]

(i). The manipulated variable : ..

(ii). The responding variable : ..

(iii) The fixed variable. : ..


[3M]

(b)State one hypothesis for this experiment.

[3M]
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Example 2 SPM 2010 [ Refer page 10]

(a) For this experiment, state [3M]

(i) Manipulated variable : .

(ii) Responding variable : .

(iii) Constant variable : .

(b) State one hypothesis for this experiment. [3M]

Experimenting

ASPECT CRITERIA
12 Experimenting Able to plan laboratory experiment with following aspects:
Problem statement / Aim
Hypothesis
Making all the variables
List of substances and apparatus
Procedures
Tabulation of data
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Example 1 SPM 2014


Diagram 2 shows the structural formulae of Hydrocarbon X and Hydrocarbon Y.
Both hydrocarbons have different chemical properties.

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

By using bromine water as reagent, plan a laboratory experiment to differentiate


both hydrocarbons.
Your planning should include the following aspects:

(a) Problem statement

(b) All the variables

(c) Statement of the hypothesis

(d) List of materials and apparatus

(e) Procedure for the experiment

(f) Tabulation of data


[17M]
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Example 2

Disediakan Oleh : Credits to:


Raja Hjh Jamaliah binti Raja Hj Saigon
Cikgu Chai Teck Khiong
Guru Cemerlang Kimia
SMK Rosli Dhoby, Sibu

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