Mie11169-Cba2000 Application Guide

DATE: 16/02/2014 DOC.MIE11169 REV. 1.
23
APPLICATION GUIDE
FOR THE CIRCUIT BREAKER
ANALYZER AND MICROOHMMETER
MOD. CBA 2000
Doc. MIE11169 Rev. 1.23 Page 2 of 149
REVISIONS SUMMARY VISA

N PAGE DATE
1 All 30/10/2007 Issued Lodi
2 All 11/3/2008 Improved the transducer Lodi

mounting description
3 All 9/4/08 Upgraded to firmware Lodi
revision 1.06
1.09 All 17/7/08 Upgraded to firmware Lodi
revision 1.09
1.13 All 13/10/2008 Upgraded to firmware Lodi
revision 1.13
1.14 33-50 6/11/2008 Upgraded to firmware Lodi
revision 1.14
1.16 -- 4/05/2009 No changes for firmware Lodi
upgrade 1.16
1.19 20,55, 15/11/2012 Added some notes Lodi
62
1.21 All 30/8/2013 Improved the test Lodi
descriptions
1.21 102- 6/11/2013 Improved the dynamic Lodi
123 test description
1.21 55-56 5/12/2013 Added the motor test Lodi
1.23 136 16/2/2014 Updated to the firmware Lodi

revision 1.23
SHORT FOREWORD ................................................................................... 6
SAFETY AT WORK ...................................................................................... 7

1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 11
2 CB TIMING TEST .................................................................................. 14
2.1 CONNECTION TO THE CIRCUIT BREAKER .................................................. 14
2.1.1 CB contacts. ............................................................................... 14
2.1.2 More than six chambers per phase .............................. 15
2.1.3 Coil drivers .................................................................................. 18
2.2 TEST EXECUTION ....................................................................................... 21
2.3 TEST RESULTS ANALYSIS........................................................................... 28
2.3.1 Test result diagram ............................................................... 28
2.3.2 Test result table ....................................................................... 32
2.4 AUXILIARY CONTACTS TEST ...................................................................... 34
2.5 TESTS OPTIONS ......................................................................................... 36
2.5.1 Configuration without options ........................................ 37
2.5.2 Four coils option: single phase opening; CB's
under-voltage coil time delay ...................................................... 38
2.5.2.1 Single phase open selections ........................................................ 39
2.5.2.2 CB's under-voltage coil time delay ............................................. 39
2.5.3 MTC option: CB's under-voltage coil threshold and
time delay ................................................................................................ 42
2.5.3.1 Timing of coils supplied at the minimum voltage ................. 45
2.5.3.2 CB's under-voltage coil threshold ............................................... 48
2.5.3.3 CB's under-voltage coil delay ....................................................... 52
2.5.4 Motor test .................................................................................... 56
3 CB MOVEMENT AND ANALOG SIGNALS TEST ........................ 58
3.1 POSITION TRANSDUCER MOUNTING ......................................................... 58
3.1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 58
3.1.1.1 Analog transducers ...................................................................................... 58
3.1.1.2 Digital transducers ....................................................................................... 60
3.1.2 Transducer mounting ............................................................................ 61
3.2 TRAVEL TRANSDUCER CONNECTION TO THE TEST SET............................ 66
3.2.1 Analog transducer .................................................................. 70
3.2.2 Analog transducer calibration ......................................... 73
3.2.3 Current transducers .............................................................. 76
3.2.4 Digital transducers................................................................. 78

3.2.5 Digital transducers calibration ....................................... 81
3.2.6 Datum points ............................................................................. 82
3.2.7 Slow motion ............................................................................... 86
3.3 PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CONNECTION TO CBA 2000 .......................... 92
3.4 ANALOG SIGNALS CONNECTION TO CBA 2000 ..................................... 93
3.5 CURRENT CLAMP, TYPE AC ....................................................................... 96
4 STATIC RESISTANCE TEST .............................................................. 97
5 DYNAMIC RESISTANCE TEST ....................................................... 103
A) CLOSE TEST ................................................................................................... 107
B) OPEN TEST .................................................................................................... 113
C) BOTH ENDS GROUNDED ............................................................................... 119
D) CASE: GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS (GIS) .................................................. 121
6 BOTH SIDES GROUNDED TEST WITH BSG1000 ................. 125
7 FIRST TRIP TEST ............................................................................... 134
8 SWITCH SYNC TEST ......................................................................... 143
Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to make this material complete, accurate, and up-to-date. In
addition, changes are periodically added to the information herein; these changes will be
incorporated into new editions of the publication. ISA S.R.L reserves the right to make
improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this
document without notice, and shall not be responsible for any damages, including but not
limited to consequential damages, caused by reliance on the material presented,
including but not limited to typographical errors.
Copies, reprints or other reproductions of the content or of parts of this publication shall
only be permitted with our prior written consent.
All trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
Copyright 2012 ISA S.R.L. Italy All rights reserved.

SH O R T FO REW O RD
Dear CBA 2000 user,
I often wondered why the users manual is not very much used,
even if it includes valuable information. As me too I am a user of
such manuals, the answer I have given myself is that valuable
information are concealed somewhere in the thick thing, and I do
not have time to waste to find it. So, either the manual is actually
of help, or I ignore it.
This is why I decided to split the CBA 2000 manual in three:

specification, with all performance details; introductory guide,
with the device description; application manual, with instructions
about how to use it one its operation is understood. The idea is
that you may read once the introductory guide or the
specification, while you need to follow application examples more
than once; so, why not to split the manual in three?
This manual deals with application examples: read through them,

they will help you.
Have a good work with CBA 2000!
Luca Biotti
Q&A Manager
S AFE TY AT W O R K
The Product hereafter described is manufactured and tested

according to the specifications, and when used for normal
applications and within the normal electrical and mechanical
limits will not cause hazard to health and safety, provided that
the standard engineering rules are observed and that it is used
by trained personnel only.
The application guide is published by the Seller to be used

together with the Product described in the corresponding
document. The Seller reserves the right to modify the guide
without warning, for any reason. This includes also but not
only, the adoption of more advanced technological solutions and
modified manufacturing procedures, and also the addition of
other features, not available in the first release.
The Seller declines any difficulties arising from unknown

technical problems. The Seller declines also any responsibility in
case of modification of the Product or of any intervention not
authorized by the Seller in writing.
The warranty includes the repair time and the materials

necessary to restore the complete efficiency of the Product; so, it
does not include other burdens, such as the transport and
customs fee. Under no circumstances the warrantee includes
any cost that the User may have suffered because of the Product
unavailability and downtime.
The Product is CE marked, and has been tested to operate

according to EN 61010-1, with the following operating conditions:
. Pollution degree 2: normally, non-conductive pollution occurs;
. Measurement category III, for measurement inputs (micro-
Ohmmeter measure and transducer analog input).
Would the Product be used beyond these limits, its safety

could be impaired.
Mains supply characteristics are:

.. From 100 to 240 V AC; 50-60 Hz,
.. From 100 to 320 V DC.

. Power consumption: 100W maximum.
- Directive n. 2006/95/EC, Applicable standard: EN 61010-1

(2001). In particular, for a pollution degree 2.
- Directive n. 2004/108/EC, Applicable standard: EN 61326-1
(1997) + A1 (1998) + A2 (2001) + A3 (2003). The equipment is
compliant also to standard EN 61326-1 (2006).
- Dielectric rigidity 1.4 kV AC, 1 minute.
- Inputs/outputs protection: IP 2X - EN60529.
- Operating temperature: 0 to 45 C; storage: - 20 C to + 70
C.
- Relative humidity : 5 - 95% without condensing.
- Vibration: IEC 68-2-6 (20 m/s^2 at 10 150 Hz);
- Shock: IEC 68-2-27 (15 g; 11 ms; half-sine).
- Altitude: less than 2000 m.
IMPORTANT
Dont position the equipment so that is difficult to operate the
disconnecting device, that is the mains supply cord.
The Product includes a rechargeable NI-Cd battery (the battery
must be supplied and substituted only by manufacturer).
The product must be cleaned with a soft wet cloth, when it is

powered off.
The Product deals with voltages and currents that may be lethal
to the unadvertised user. Besides, in order to avoid any danger in
case of fault inside the Product, the device under test should have
the following characteristics:
. Connection sockets must be not accessible;
. Input circuits must have an isolation degree at least equal to the
one of the Product.
. The symbol
! means to read the application guide
before to using the equipment. Its related to dangerous output,
and is located near hazardous sockets.
. The symbol is located close to the ground socket.

. The symbol is located close to the mains supply

socket, that incorporates the protection fuse.
Inside the power supply connection there are 2 fuses, rated T 2A

250V.
Inside the transducer/analog input zone there is a fuse, rated F
63mA 250V.
If you want to clean the test set, dont pour liquids on it: they
could pour in, and damage some card.
The following table lists a number of situations that are

potentially hazardous to the user and/or to the Product. Please
consider this list, and check the situation in case of doubt.
SITUATION CAUSE OF RISK CONTROL
TEST SET NOT Capacitor dividers take Ground

GROUNDED BEFORE the case at 110 V; the connection on
ANY CONNECTION unit is not protected the
against common mode dedicated
noise. socket;
Heavy risk in case of supply plug
fault during tests. with ground.
CB NOT CLOSED AND When floating, main CB closed.
GROUNDED ON poles can be at high Main poles
BOTH SIDES, voltage because of grounding.
BEFORE inductions.
CONNECTING AND Heavy risk in case of
DISCONNECTING connection error!
THE MAIN
CONTACTS
CB NOT GROUNDED Heavy risk in case of Main poles
ON ONE SIDE wrong disconnector grounding on
DURING TESTS operation! one side.
Connection sockets not Contact to a live wire. If the optional
isolated cable set is
not used, use
safety
connection
sockets!
CB coils not There can be voltage CB coils
disconnected from the from the plant during disconnected.
circuit. tests: this could damage
the test set.
Contact with the plant The DC voltage can be Connections
auxiliary supply. higher than 50 V DC, to the DC
hence very dangerous. supply must
be protected.
Travel transducer does Damage of the travel Verify Open
not have extra stroke transducer or joints and Close
because of extra stroke positions
during tests
CB in service before Danger of short-circuits Disconnect
disconnecting it on the test set. CBA 2000
from CBA 2000. prior to
restoring. In
case, use the
PARK sockets
for coil cables.
Of these points, the first three are very hazardous, both for the
user and the test set. THESE TYPES OF FAULT ARE NOT
COVERED BY THE WARRANTY.
The connection to ground is provided through the mains supply

cable or, when the test set is battery operated, it is connected to
ground using the dedicated socket.
In case of doubt, please contact your Seller. The Seller, and

Manufacturer, declines any and all responsibility due to improper
usage, or any usage outside the specified limits.
1 I NT RO D U CT IO N
The circuit breaker analyser and micro-Ohmmeter model CBA

2000 is a two-in-one test set.
When used as a circuit breaker analyser, it allows the off-line

testing of the characteristics of all modern MV and HV circuit
breakers.
When used as a micro-Ohmmeter, it allows measuring the contact

resistance of the circuit breaker contact, or also of joints or other
circuit parts. It allows also to perform the dynamic test of the
contact resistance, that is to record and display how does the
contact resistance change while it is closing: this allows detecting
hidden defects, that are otherwise impossible to be diagnosed.
CBA 2000 is the big brother of CBA 1000, in terms of : number of

main contacts, number of auxiliary contacts, number of
transducers; however, the key features are the same.
Purpose of this manual is to guide you step by step, so that you

can perform all CB tests. It is understood that the user knows
how to perform selections, as explained in the introductory
manual, and also knows how to operate the CIRCUIT BREAKER
software, as explained in the corresponding manual: in case of
doubt, please refer to these documents. This application manual
does not cover all possible selections, as explained in the
introductory manual and in the software manual: it explains all
main commands in order to obtain the desired test results.
The manual has been revised to the firmware revision 1.21. The
firmware revision is shown at power-on on the main screen.
1.21
If your test set is not upgraded, you have to connect to the ISA
WEB site:
www.isatest.com,
enter the customer area with the test set number, and download
the firmware RELATED TO : DONT MISTAKE PLEASE. Then use
UPGRADE in the TDMS services to transfer the new file into your
test set.
Revision 1.21 includes the following main additional features:

. Added the Slow motion test;
. Possibility to monitor AC signals;
. Improved the time measurement accuracy even with heavy
noise.
After a short while, the following window is displayed.

The meaning of various selections are explained in the

Introductory manual.
2 C B T IM I N G T ES T
Purpose of the test is to verify the time delays of main contacts

with respect to the coil open/close commands, and the timing
spread of contacts. Test result will tell if timings are within the
limits; the comparison with former test results will tell how much
the CB has changed its timing because of the wear induced by
operation, and how uniform has been the wear on the three
phases.
The test is performed connecting CBA 2000 to the CB main

contacts and coils, and then issuing the test commands. During
the test, CBA 2000 issues the coils Open Close commands, and
measures the corresponding contact timings. Test results are
shown on the display.
2.1 CONNECTION TO THE CIRCUIT BREAKER
2.1.1 CB contacts.
Before proceeding, apply the rules listed in the Safety at

work chapter!
The first operation is to connect CBA 2000 to CB contacts. To this

purpose:
. Use inputs A1, B1, C1, for phases A, B, C, in case of single-
chamber CB.
. Use inputs A1-A2, B1-B2, C1-C2, for phases A, B, C, in case of
two-chamber CB.
. Use inputs A1-A2-A3-A4, B1-B2-B3-B4, C1-C2-C3-C4, for
phases A, B, C, in case of four-chamber CB.
. Use inputs A1-A2-A3-A4-AA5-A6, B1-B2-B3-B4-B5-B6, C1-C2-
C3-C4-C5-C6, for phases 1, 2, 3 in case of six-chamber CB.
Menu > Breaker and auxiliary channel settings > Breaker

contacts > (one, two, four, six breaks per phase) RET
The selection is performed in the following window.

During the connection, CB MUST BE CLOSED AND GROUNDED

ON BOTH SIDES. If the optional cable kit has been purchased,
the connection is performed using the three-conductors cables
provided, one for each phase: conductors are marked A, B, C.
Once the connection is performed, it is necessary to open the
earth connection on one side, but THE OTHER SIDE MUST BE
LEFT CONNECTED TO GROUND. Which socket (red, black, blue)
should be connected to ground is not relevant.
For the test of the pre-insertion resistor there is no further

connection: you have to select it in the above window.
If you dont use the optional connection cables, they should be

tied together, in order to minimize the interference cause by the
electric field.
2.1.2 More than six chambers per phase
If you have more than six chambers per phase, you can split the
test in three, testing one phase at a time: you can connect up to
18 chambers per phase.
The alternative solution is to use two (or more; up to 4) CBA

2000, taking advantage of the Master-Slave option (one Master,
up to three Slaves, four in total). The following connection refers
to twelve chambers per phase, but up to 24 chambers can be
tested (only one pole is shown).
MASTER / SLAVE AUXILIARY CONTACT TRANSDUCER MICRO OHM METER BREAKER COILS
8A - 250VAC MEASURE CAT. III F 63mA 250V MASTER / SLAVE AUXILIARY CONTACT TRANSDUCER MICRO OHM METER BREAKER COILS
8A - 24VDC 8A - 250VAC MEASURE CAT. III F 63mA 250V
MASTER C SLAVE 200A MEASURE
CAT. III V MASTER C SLAVE 8A - 24VDC 200A MEASURE
OUTPUT
5V 10mA x 3
MAX
MAX
MAX
300V 30A
300V 20A OUTPUT CAT. III V MAX 300V 30A
15V MAX
INPUT 5V 10mA x 3 MAX 300V 20A
15V
MAX 10V x 3 ! INPUT
MAX 10V x 3 !
BREAKER CONTACTS BREAKER CONTACTS BREAKER CONTACTS
ANALOG INPUT 2 BREAKER CONTACTS BREAKER CONTACTS BREAKER CONTACTS
ANALOG INPUT 2
O1
O1
MEASURE MEASURE
CAT. III CAT. III PARK MEASURE MEASURE
CAT. III CAT. III PARK
A2 A4 A6
INPUT INPUT
A1 C A3 C A5 C INPUT INPUT
MAX 500V MAX 500V A1 C A2 A3 C A4 A5 C A6
MAX 500V MAX 500V
B1 C B2 B3 C B4 B5 C B6
O2 B2 B4 B6
B1 C B3 C B5 C O2
PARK
PARK
C1 C C2 C3 C C4 C5 C C6
C1 C C2 C3 C C4 C5 C C6
AUXILIARY INPUTS AUXILIARY INPUTS AUXILIARY INPUTS O3

AUXILIARY INPUTS AUXILIARY INPUTS AUXILIARY INPUTS O3
MEASURE MEASURE MEASURE PARK MEASURE MEASURE MEASURE PARK

CAT. III CAT. III CAT. III
CAT. III CAT. III CAT. III
V V V
V V V
1 2 5 6 9 10
1 2 5 6 9 10
300V C 300V 300V C 300V 300V C 300V

C 300V C 300V 300V C 300V 300V C 300V
V V V C
V V V
3 4 7 8 11 12
PARK 3 4 7 8 11 12
PARK
300V C 300V 300V C 300V 300V C 300V

300V C 300V 300V C 300V 300V C 300V
SUPPLY SUPPLY
CHARGE CHARGE
BATT. BATT.
MINIMUM TRIP COIL MINIMUM TRIP COIL
O abc def O abc def
! MAX 250V I ! MAX 250V I
+ USB FLASH DRIVE
1 2 3 START
O + USB FLASH DRIVE
1 2 3 START
O
VDC ghi jkl mno VDC ghi jkl mno
IN V 85-264V V 85-264V
4 5 6 C O
50/60Hz - 100W
IN
4 5 6 C O
50/60Hz - 100W
USB V 100-350V USB
pqrs tuv wxyz CO OC pqrs tuv wxyz V 100-350V
CO OC
VDC 100W VDC 100W
OUT 7 8 9 USER OCO
OUT 7 8 9 USER OCO
+ RS232 CBA2000 + CBA2000
.*
RS232
0 DEL
CIRCUIT BREAKER SEL .* 0 DEL
CIRCUIT BREAKER SEL
ANALYZER ANALYZER
isa T 2A 500V isa T 2A 500V
The CBA 2000 to the left is the Master: this is the one to which
are connected the coils. The Slave is the one that monitors the
additional chambers: its Slave input is connected to the Master
output of the Master CBA 2000. Before starting the test on the
Master unit, on the Slave unit(s) you have to select the Slave
operation, as follows.
Menu > Trigger options > External trigger RET

Only CB contacts (and auxiliary CB contacts, analog input) are

connected to the slave unit: NOT the coil drivers. At the end of
tests, on the Slave unit timings are measured with reference to
the Masters trigger. The total test result can be glued using the
software.
2.1.3 Coil drivers
Next operation is to connect logic CBA 2000 coil driver outputs to

the CB coils. Before proceeding, coils must be DISCONNECTED
FROM THE PLANT CIRCUITS, so that there is no interference
during the test.
The connection is made in two steps:

- First step: Connect one of the two sockets of all coil drive
circuits to the auxiliary DC voltage supply of the plant; usually,
the connection is performed to the positive pole of the auxiliary
supply. Coil driver is bidirectional, so it does not matter to which
socket the auxiliary voltage is connected.
- Second step: connect the coil input to the corresponding CBA
2000 sockets, considering that:
. The Close coil command is always one, and is to be connected
to the socked marked C;
. The Open coils command could be three phase: in this instance,
connect it to THE SOCKET MARKED O1;
. If the Open coils command is single phase, and if the four coils
option is available, then connect the Open phase 1 coil command
to socket O1, the Open phase 2 coil command to socket O2; the
Open phase 3 coil command to socket O3.
If you dont use the optional connection cables, the cross section
should be enough for the coil drive current: at least 6 sq. mm, in
order to minimize the current drop.
NOTE: sockets O2 and O3 are always present, even if the four

coils option is not available.
NOTE: sockets marked PARK are not connected: prior to test, it is
safer to fit the coil driving connections in these sockets, until
everything is OK.
At this moment, connections are as follows (case of: single

chamber CB, with three Open coils).
Or the followings (case of two chambers per phase, three open

coils).
Note that, if you use the three opening coils option, when you
enter the Test options menu and select a sequence involving
Open (Open, Open-Close, Close-Open, OpenCloseOpen), the
following additional selection is displayed.
Available selections are:

Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3: only the selected phase is
opened;
Phase 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 1: two open commands are
issued at the meantime;
All phases: three open commands are issued at the
meantime.
Now, select the coil current range. For the best measurement
accuracy, the range should be the smaller one above the coil
current peak. If the coil current is more than the selected range,
the current measurement will be cut at the value of the range.
Menu > Analog channels/coils settings > Coils current

range RET
2.2 TEST EXECUTION
Once connections are performed, you should go to the Test

diagram.
On the front panel, breaker contacts LEDs will display the

contacts status: RED = Main contact Closed, as it should be at
this moment; GREEN = main contact Open. In case of

discrepancy, correct the connection.
NOTE: if the test set is supplied by the mains, the LED turns red
as soon as the contact is sensed; if it is supplied by the battery,
contacts are tested only as the test is started.
On the first test, you have to input the tests header, as follows.
You can key in the header by the keyboard, that uses the logic of
portable phones. Once test data are input, you can proceed with
the test. As you are finished with a CB, dont forget to input the
new CB header.
The test can be executed with a number of different values for

the various available choices. At power-on, the default situation is
presented. Parameters selection can be read pressing the Set
pushbutton, and selecting Show current setup: the following
window is displayed.
Selecting Show setups you get the list of the saved setups: you
can choose the desired one. If these values match with what you
want to do, you can immediately start the test; else, you can load
a previously saved setting, or you can enter the menu, modify
the desired parameters and then save the setting, before
proceeding.
For instance, if you want to modify the timing setting, act as

follows:
Menu > Recording options > Open to close delay > (new
value) RET
And so on with other delays. If you have a doubt about timing

definitions, you can check them pressing Help diagram: the
following window is displayed. (NOTE: this diagram does not
show you your selection: it serves to remind the timing
definitions).
Note that it is possible to time the duration so that the Open coil
command arrives while the Close coil command is still active.
Remember that he Recording duration must be bigger than OC

delay + CO delay + the CB time settings, so that no significant
part of the test is lost. On the other side, the duration should not
be too big, as it defines the test result dimension, hence the
number of test results that can be kept in memory.
There are as many as 64 memory positions available for test

settings; so, we suggest preparing the desired ones using the
software, possibly before leaving the office; when you are on site,
you just load the desired setting, as follows.
Setup options > Load setup > File selection RET
Now, you are ready for the test. As you see, on the front panel
there are two operating buttons in all: one selects the type of
test; the other one starts the test. You dont have to use the
Menu selection to set the desired test. After power-on, the default
selection is OCO; for instance, if you want to perform an O-C test,
press the SEL button until the OC LED turns on: the test is
selected.
Now, press the START button: the buzzer warns eight times that
the test is about to start, then the test is performed. The LED
above the pushbutton turns on until the test is over.
Breaker contacts LEDs turn red and green, as main contacts

open and close: at the end of the test, green LEDs should follow
the last test selection. On the display it is shown the test result.
The dotted lines mark the Open, Close, Open commands. You can
examine the diagram, and verify current peaks and waveform,
main contact timing, pre-insertion resistor timing, by moving the
two cursors. Cursor selection is performed checking t1 or t2: after
selection, turning the wheel the cursor can be moved to the
desired point. As you move it, time measurements are updated;
to the left, current values are the ones selected by the cursor.
Pressing 5 on the keyboard, the movement is slowed down for a
better pointing at the diagram.
If the result is OK, you can save it, and perform other tests;
else, you can repeat it, ignoring the warning message about
saving.
Saving the result is performed using the Result selection:
Results > Save result > File name
The following window is displayed:

type in the file name and press the button: the result is saved.
It is possible to continue testing the same CB and saving results
with different tests. It is also possible to recall the former result
of the same CB, so that you can check for deviations in time; this
is easily performed using the software.
When the test on the CB is finished, before going to another one,

remember to Close the CB as a last command, prior to
disconnect cables!
2.3 TEST RESULTS ANALYSIS
The analysis of test results allows to measure the relevant CB

contacts parameters.
2.3.1 Test result diagram
The first measurement is the delay between the Open (Close) coil
command and the corresponding main contact Opened (Closed)
position. The following figure shows the recording with an Open
Close command: delays are referred to coil commands.
During the timing measurement, the high electromagnetic field

can cause disturbances that make it difficult to read the result. To
avoid these problems, a powerful filter algorithm removes the
noise, and guarantees that the result is measured on the first
touch when closing, and on the last touch when opening.
In its action, the filter does not show the short bounces; so, there
can be a mismatch between the bounce duration, shown in the
result table, and the display. If it is desired to view these
bounces, it is possible to select Original waveforms in
Preferences: this can be useful also to verify that there is not too
much noise, especially with the BSG option.
Other relevant measurements are the Open coil current and Close
coil current: they are metered moving the cursors on the desired
point.
The coil current shape is also providing information on what does

it happen as the coil actuator moves. At the beginning, the coil
inductance is low, as there is a big gap on the actuator. At some
moment, the actuator operates the mechanical latch that keeps
the contact in the Closed position: from then, the actuator moves
faster, and the inductance increases until the actuator reaches
the end of stroke. The inductance increase typically causes a
momentary current decrease, that depends upon the actuator
characteristics of inductance and speed. From this moment on,
the current increase is defined by the R-L actuator characteristic,
where L is the end-of-stroke actuator inductance, and R is the coil
DC resistance. The maximum coil current is Imax = Vaux / R.
MAXIMUM COIL CURRENT
COIL CURRENT OPENING

END OF STROKE
TRIP LATCH OPENED
When the CB contact is close to its Open position, the auxiliary

contact cuts the Open coil current: this is (almost) the end of the
CB stroke. All these timings can be compared to specs or to
former test results.
Another important measurement is the contact timing spread and

the pole spread: the first one applies when there are two
chambers per phase. Zooming on the contacts trip, it is possible
to examine the details.
Zooming even more, it is possible to verify if there are bounces

on the contact: they are detrimental to contact life, and mean
that the contact surface is worn. The following is an example of
bounces during the contact opening.
A
1
CONTACT BOUNCE
A
2
The reported bounce value is the longest one among the contacts
being in series.
The last important parameter that is reported in the result table is

the dwell duration. If the CB closes on a fault, the protection
(after its delay) issues an open command while the close
command is active: the CB must open immediately. The dwell is
the delay between the Open command and the actual CB
opening.
CLOSE
CB CONTACT
OPEN
DWELL
If you start the CIRCUIT BREAKER software you can download

test results. For instance, a test result would be shown as follows.
The study of the graphic part can be performed as on the test

set, using the two cursors and the zoom command. The addition
is the test result table shown to the right of the screen. The table
summarizes the measurements that can be taken using the
cursors, and is reproduced in the test report.
2.3.2 Test result table
Selecting , it is possible to access all test results. The

window is like the following one.
All the relevant test result parameters are reported.
The first two (or four) lines of the window above report peak
currents and current flow duration, separately for the different
coils. Next data are the main breaker contacts timing
measurements.
In the example are shown the timing measurements of the Close;

Open 1; Open 2 tests of an O-C-O sequence, for each pole (two
chamber test).
From these data, the program computes the corresponding

contacts and poles spreads, and also the average Open and Close
times.
Next, the bounce time duration is reported.
When you load a result, the Set selection becomes the following
one .
If you want to start a new test, go to Set and press it (or press
the DEL button on the test set): this re-sets test result.
2.4 AUXILIARY CONTACTS TEST
Usually, you test also some auxiliary contacts. For instance, it is

important to monitor the CB Open and CB closed auxiliary
contacts, and to verify at which point of the stroke they operate:
this allows to know if mechanical tolerances are met.
Performing the connection, please consider the following:

. CBA 2000 has two (or four, or six) ISOLATED groups of two
inputs each; so, it is possible to watch two types of contacts, for
instance one polarized, and the other one voltage free.
. If inputs are with voltage, the zero of the voltage must be
connected to the black C socket. If contacts are more than two,
connect both C sockets.
. If inputs are without voltage, connect the contacts common to

the black C socket. If contacts are more than two, connect both C
sockets.
The following figure shows the connection to one polarized

contact.
After powering-on CBA 2000, first of all select the type of input
(dry or with voltage); then, check that the contact status
displayed by LEDs on the front matches with the nominal one
(light ON = Closed or With voltage), and correct if something is
wrong. The selection is performed as follows.
Menu > Breaker and auxiliary channel settings

Select auxiliary inputs as desired. When you enable a contact,

you can select label and level; at the end of it, in order to
proceed with next contact, you have to press the return arrow
At the end of programming, pressing the return arrow you come
back to the MENU window, as usual.
2.5 TESTS OPTIONS
The selection defines the type of test. Standard tests are always
available, while tests on the CBs Minimum trip coil and the
minimum voltage test on standard coils depend upon the
availability of the options: Four Coils, MTC (Minimum Trip Coil).
By CB's under-voltage coil we mean the coil which opens the CB

when the DC supply is less than a threshold value. The CB option
allows testing the actual threshold and the delay by which the coil
opens the CB. If the four coils option is available, it is possible to
test the delay only.
By minimum voltage test we mean verifying the CB delay when

the DC supply is at its minimum. For this test it is necessary to
have the MTC option on the test set.
The following table summarizes available tests.
N. OPTION 4 COILS MTC
1 CB's under-voltage coil delay X X

2 CB's under-voltage coil X
threshold
3 Minimum voltage test X
2.5.1 Configuration without options
In this case, the selection window is the following one.
The selected option is displayed by LEDs above the SEL

pushbutton; until this window is open, acting on SEL has no
effect.
If you are on the main window, you can act on SEL: opening this
window the performed selection is displayed. In the normal
operation way, if you dont need to change the default selections,
after power-on select with SEL the desired test and start it.
Selecting tolerances, the following window is opened.
Purpose of the table is to allow programming the accepted limits

of the various parameters: any discrepancy will be alerted by the
following message, as soon as test stops:
Besides, going to the results table, the following Tolerance

failures will be displayed.
2.5.2 Four coils option: single phase opening; CB's under-

voltage coil time delay
If the four coils window is available, the following features are

available.
2.5.2.1 Single phase open selections
- With the Open selection, it is possible to select the phase to

be driven: selections are performed in the following window.
- With the Close selection, the test set issues a Close command.
- With selections: Open-Close, Close-Open, the test set issues

the selected series of commands; with the selection Open-Close-
Open , on the first Open command the test set issues the
selected series of commands, while the second Open command is
always three phase.
NOTE: prior to test, the CB position will be opposite with respect

to the first command; i.e. it will be Closed if the first command is
Open, and vice versa it will be Open if the first command is Close.
2.5.2.2 CB's under-voltage coil time delay
The last selection, CB's under-voltage coil time delay, allows to

test the timing of the minimum trip coil protection: purpose of
the test is to verify the CB performance when the DC supply is
lost.
This feature is available only if the four coils option is present: in

particular, we use the command O3 for this job.
The logic of this testing is reversed as compared to normal

tests. With normal test, CBA2000 starts with the COIL driver
circuit open, and closes it at the moment of test, thus supplying

the coil. With this test, CBA2000 has to start with the contact
closed, and to open it as the test is started. This poses some
difficulty, because usually the circuit is open, and the CB would
immediately open if we interrupt the circuit. We have solved the
problem by taking advantage of a jumper. The following diagram
shows the test connection.
DC V
JUMPER
MINIMUM
TRIP COIL
0 DC V
And this is the test sequence.

1. OPEN the CB, by issuing an OPEN command.
2. Disconnect the CB's under-voltage coil from V DC, and connect
it to O3.
3. The DC supply is connected to the other end of O3.
4. By-pass O3 by a jumper: the CB's under-voltage coil is

unlocked. Until the jumper is there, the CB's under-voltage coil
does not intervene.
5. CLOSE the CB.
6. Now, select the DC loss test in the Test options menu window.
The USER light on the front panel turns on.
7. Press the START button: the following message is displayed:
This means that now the O3 driving circuit is closed: it is possible

to remove the jumper; the CB's under-voltage coil will not
operate.
8. Now, remove the jumper and press the menu knob: the circuit
driving O3 opens, MTC is activated, and the delay measurement
is started.
9. At the end of the test, the following message is displayed:
10. Fit back the jumper, that keeps the CB's under-voltage coil in
the normal position, then press again the knob: C3 opens, but
the CB's under-voltage coil is supplied via the jumper. The display
will show the following result:
11. The window shows the O3 coil current, and the CB opening.
In the Results table are reported O3 current and opening timings,
starting from the O3 voltage loss.
12. You can measure the open delay, save the result or repeat
the test: in this instance, you have to send a Close command
before next test.
13. After the last test, while the CB is open, connect again the
CB's under-voltage coil to the auxiliary DC voltage supply: the
test is finished.
2.5.3 MTC option: CB's under-voltage coil threshold and

time delay
In this case, the selection window is the following one.

The availability of the option allows to verify:

. The timing with coils supplied at minimum voltage;
. The CB's under-voltage coil threshold;
. The CB's under-voltage coil delay.
The MTC option is supplied by the plants auxiliary DC voltage, at

the socked marked + VDC IN. Take care: the option does not
generate an adjustable DC voltage output; instead, it and allows
to generate a programmable voltage drop, either stepped or
ramped, so that the desired test voltage can be generated at the
socket + VDC OUT. This voltage drop does not cover all the +
VDC IN range: there is a minimum voltage which can be
generated.
ATTENTION: there are two MTC options, with maximum voltages

of 250 V or 70 V. The table summarizes the different
performances.
OPTION 250 V 70 V
Maximum input voltage 250 V 70 V
Maximum operating voltage 240 V 50 V
Minimum operating voltage 50 V 16 V
Maximum voltage drop 120 V 45 V
Minimum voltage drop 10 V 5V
Voltage adjustment step 2V 0,5 V
Voltage accuracy 2V 0,5 V
Maximum output current 4 A; dV < 10 A; dV <
60 V; 12 V;
2 A; dV > 5 A; dV > 12
60 V V
Maximum test duration 500 ms 500 ms
In conclusion, if your auxiliary DC voltage is 110 V, with the 250

V option you can adjust from 100 V (110 V minimum drop = 10
V) to 0 V (110 V maximum drop), with a test current of 2 A, or
from 100 V to 50 V (110 60), but at the current of 4 A.
If your auxiliary DC voltage is 220 V, with the 250 V option you
can adjust from 210 V (220 V minimum drop = 10 V) to 100 V
(110 V maximum drop), with a test current of 2 A.
Similar considerations for the 70 V model, which is used for 48 V
supplies: less voltage, more current.
Before performing the test, please consider the following :

. The maximum current that can be controlled by the circuit: it is
a function of the voltage drop. The test cannot be performed at
higher currents: if the limit is exceeded, the test is interrupted
and the operator is alerted by a message. Before starting the
test, please check the CB current consumption!
. If necessary, in order to reduce the current consumption it is
possible to perform the test powering separately the coils.
. Verify also the maximum and minimum voltage drop, as a
function of the desired test value.
If the test is stopped, the test set displays the following message.
2.5.3.1 Timing of coils supplied at the minimum voltage
Purpose of the test is to verify the CB performance when the coil

is supplied with an auxiliary DC voltage that is close to its
minimum value: in this situation the CB could be malfunctioning.
When the auxiliary DC voltage is at minimum, the nominal CB

performance is to increase its Open and Close delays; this is seen
also in the coils current waveform, that is reduced in amplitude
and increased in duration.
The connection diagram is the following. The diagram refers to

the test of the CLOSE coil, while other coils are supplied by the
battery voltage.
Connections are as follows:

The auxiliary voltage positive is connected to the + VDC
IN socket;
The + VDC OUT is connected to the coil to be tested
(CLOSE, in the drawing), and also to the positive socket of
the 500 V measuring input;
The negative socket of the 500 V measuring input is
connected to the zero voltage of the auxiliary supply.
Given the MTC current limitation, usually it is possible to test only

one coil at a time: please, verify prior to testing!
The test is selected going to Menu, then test option, and then
checking the Enable minimum voltage test: the following screen
is displayed.
The task of the MTC option is to generate a voltage drop so that

the voltage goes to the programmed value, and to allow feeding
the coil under test with the reduced voltage.
Test parameters are two:

Nominal DC battery voltage. It is necessary to measure
the DC voltage, and to key in the value.
Voltage threshold. It is the voltage at which the test is
performed: the program computes the percentage of the
programmed DC supply voltage.
Remember that MTC causes a voltage drop: from the above
values, the test set computes a voltage drop of 110-70 = 40
V. If the battery voltage is not 110 V, but, for instance, 115 V,
the voltage output would be 75 V: this is why it is necessary
to program the actual battery voltage.
After this, it is possible to program any test, with the normal

commands. The difference is that, during the test, the supply
voltage will drop to the programmed value, and it will be

possible to measure the time difference with respect to the
nominal voltage supply.
For a complete test documentation, it is possible to measure the

actual test voltage. To this purpose, select:
Menu > Analog channels / Coils settings > Check Enabled

> Analog input 1 > Select Voltage input range 500 V
The test result table is the same as usual, with the addition of the
test voltage.
Once the result with the minimum supply is achieved, it is

possible to compare currents and timings by saving test results in
the PC, and then using the Compare Result command of the
Result menu.
The following is an example of the comparison of two results, of

which the second one has been obtained at the minimum voltage,
hence with delayed times.
2.5.3.2 CB's under-voltage coil threshold
This selection is dedicated to the test of the CB's under-voltage

coil: it is possible to test the intervention and reset thresholds,
and the timing.
Purpose of the test is to verify the DC voltage at which the CB's

under-voltage coil issues the OPEN command to the CB. The
connection scheme to the CB and to the CB's under-voltage coil is
the following.
Connections are the followings:

. Positive of the auxiliary DC voltage to the VDC IN socket;
. VDC OUT socket to the CB's under-voltage coil and to the 500 V
measurement positive socket;
. Negative of the auxiliary DC voltage to the 500 V measurement
negative socket.
Usually, the current output of the MTC option is enough for this
coil.
The test sequence is the following.

1. OPEN the CB.
2. Connect the positive of the auxiliary DC voltage to the VDC IN
socket.
3. Disconnect the CB's under-voltage coil from the supply, and
connect it to the VDC OUT socket, and to the 500 V measurement
positive socket.
4. Connect the negative of the auxiliary DC voltage to the
negative (black) socket of the 500 V measurement.
5. Short-circuit with a bridge the MTC sockets, marked VDC IN
and VDC OUT: the CB's under-voltage coil is supplied.
6. CLOSE the CB: thanks to the short circuit, the CB's under-
voltage coil does not intervene.
7. Select in the Analog channel window the 500 V input.

> Analog input 1 > Select Voltage input range 500 V
8. Now, select in the Test options window the DC voltage supply

loss test: the following window is opened.
It is necessary to measure the DC voltage supply value, and to

key it in.
9. Next, program the stabilization time, that is the pause at the
end of the test ramp.
10. Press F1 to return to the main page, then Start the test: the
test set issues a Close command to the CB, and the MTC circuit
closes, so that the CB's under-voltage coil is supplied (no more
need of the jumper); after this, the program instructs the
operator to open the jumper across the MTC option sockets, with
the following message:
MTC ACTIVATED!
Press the knob to start the test.
Remove the jumper and press the knob: the display says
TEST IN PROGRESS
11. The test set reduces the voltage across the coil with a ramp
having a slope of 20 V/s; the descent is stopped when the voltage
reaches its minimum. During the ramp, the test set monitors the
main contact inputs (actually the test is referred to input A1), in
order to memorize the intervention threshold.
12. Once the minimum is reached, the voltage stays at that value
during the stabilization time, and then increases with a ramp at
the same slope until the nominal voltage is reached. The CB
should not close, as there is no CLOSE command; if it does, the
voltage at which the CB closes is displayed.
13. After this, the following message is displayed.
TEST COMPLETED!
Press the knob to de-activate the MTC.
And the test result is displayed.
14. Set back the bridge: the test is over.
15. Restore the connections to the CB's under-voltage coil before
closing it again.
The following is the test result.

The test result table shows the voltage threshold at the time of
intervention.
2.5.3.3 CB's under-voltage coil delay
The CB's under-voltage coil timing measurement explained in the

paragraph before requires the presence of the four coils option. If
the MTC option is available, the alternative method is to use it for
the test. In this instance, the connection is the same shown in the
paragraph above.
The test sequence is the following.

1. OPEN the CB.
2. Connect the positive of the auxiliary DC voltage to the VDC IN
socket.
3. Disconnect the CB's under-voltage coil from the supply, and

connect it to the VDC OUT socket, and to the 500 V measurement
positive (red) socket.
4. Connect the negative of the auxiliary DC voltage to the
negative (black) socket of the 500 V measurement.
5. Short-circuit with a bridge the MTC sockets, marked VDC IN
and VDC OUT.
6. CLOSE the CB: thanks to the short circuit, the CB's under-
voltage coil does not intervene.
7. Select in the Analog channel window the 500 V input.
> Analog input 500 V > Select Voltage input range 500 V
8. Select in the Test options window the DC voltage supply loss

test: the following window is opened.
9. Measure the DC voltage supply, and key it in.

10. Program the voltage where the timer starts to count. This
value has to be little less than the threshold: it cannot be too low,
in order to avoid introducing a measurement error caused by the
voltage descending slope.
11. At test starts, the MTC circuit closes, so that the CB's under-
voltage coil is supplied; after this, the program instructs the
operator to open the jumper across the MTC option sockets, with
the following message:
MTC ACTIVATED!
Press the knob to start the test.
Remove the jumper and press the knob: the display says
TEST IN PROGRESS
12. The test set issues a CLOSE command, to make sure that the
CB is closed; then, about 2 s after, the voltage drops to the
minimum value, stays down during about 0.4 s and goes up
again. The CB should open; the test set records the timing of all
the selected main contact inputs, in order to memorize the
intervention time (actually, the time is measured on input A1).
13. After this, the following message is displayed.
TEST COMPLETED!
Press the knob to de-activate the MTC.
The test result window will look like this.
12. Set back the connections to the CB's under-voltage coil before
closing it again.
The following diagram shows the test evolution.
The test result table shows breaker opening the time delay, which
is measured on input A1.
2.5.4 Motor test
When the mechanical energy stored in the CB spring or

compressed air is below a certain threshold, the CB recharges this
energy, during some seconds. It can be important to monitor the
current absorption during the recharge, in terms of amplitude and
duration.
To this purpose, it is necessary to use the optional DC current

clamp, which will be closed on thee CB power supply wire. As the
motor is operated, the clamp measures the absorbed current
waveform: from this recording, it is possible to measure the
current amplitude and its duration.
The test is performed as follows.

Enter the menu, and select Recording options. Now,
program the Recording duration with a value greater
than the nominal motor operation: for instance, program
10 s if the nominal duration is 5 s. Program also the
Sample frequency: 1000 Hz is OK for a recording up to
10 s; for bigger durations, program 500 Hz.
Now, still in the menu, select Analog channels and coils
setting; then, Analog inputs 500 V; last, enable an
input, and select the Current clamp. In this field,
program the clamp V/I ratio, and the maximum current.
The type of test to select is OCO: in fact, after this test,
the mechanical energy is discharged, and the motor starts
re-charging the CB.
Start the test: the screen displays the motor current
diagram, and it is possible to measure the recharge
duration. In the following, this is the instance of a motor
current recording. The drive duration is 5 s.
Next, on the same recording, it is displayed the current

measurement. The current changes during the operation: it is
possible to move the cursor to the point of interest; the
corresponding current is displayed to the right.
3 C B MO VE ME NT A ND A N A LO G S I G N A LS TE ST
The test set has ten analog inputs plus three digital ones:
. Coil currents; two standard, four optional;
. High voltage (up to 350 V AC): two, with no common point;
. Low voltage (up to 10 V DC): four; three of them with the same
reference, located in the transducer connectors;
. Digital inputs: three, RS422, for digital transducers, located in
the transducer connectors.
Open and Close coil currents measurement cannot be selected.

Other inputs are provided for the test of:
. Auxiliary DC voltage (500 V input);
. Motors AC voltage (500 V input);
. Auxiliary DC current (10 V DC, with the current probe option);
. Analog position transducers (low voltage, three for the three
movements, in the transducer inputs connectors): for this case,
the test set is also provided with an accurate voltage source.
3.1 POSITION TRANSDUCER MOUNTING
3.1.1 Introduction
Travel transducers are used for the purpose of having a better
detail on the mechanical status of the CB. This is accomplished as
follows:
. Comparing the movement trace to CB Open and Close contacts,
it is possible to verify if they act at the desired stroke positions,
including tolerances;
. Computing from the trace the corresponding speed, it is possible
to verify if CB limits are exceeded because of plays caused by
wearing.
. Also auxiliary CB contacts acting positions can be checked.
There are two types of transducers: analog and digital.
3.1.1.1 Analog transducers
The analog transducer is a potentiometer; the conversion from

the position to the measured voltage is performed using the
following law (see the schematic).
Given the following parameters:

L = transducer length;
V = supply voltage;
P = cursor position;
Vc = voltage at cursor,
The voltage Vc is related to the other parameters by the formula:
Vc = V * P / L
From this, the test set computes the stroke of the cursor, and
therefore the CB movement.
There are two types of analog transducers: linear, with different

strokes, and angular. The linear transducer is mechanically
connected to the leverage that acts on poles by means of joints;
the angular one is connected to some rotating cam. To solve the
mechanical problems, the optional linear transducers are
equipped with suitable connection hardware.
For the analog linear transducer there are two ends which cannot
be trespassed during the test.
For the analog angular transducer there is not such a limit: the
transducer can rotate continuously. However, during its rotation,
the angular transducer goes from zero volts to the maximum, and
then, continuing the rotation, the voltage comes back to zero.
Also, the total rotation angle is usually 355; during the
remaining 5, the voltage output is zero.
The consequence is that the transducer has to be properly

mounted to avoid any problem: we will deal with this later on.
3.1.1.2 Digital transducers
Digital transducers generate two trains of impulses during the

movement, on an RS422 interface: these trains are phase shifted
so that it is possible to understand whether the movement is in
forwards or backwards direction.
If the positive edge of trace A arrives before the one of trace B,

then the movement will be forwards; otherwise, it will be
backwards.
Digital transducers are of the rotating type; they differ from the
analog ones also because they can rotate more than one turn
without generating errors: there is no mounting problem.
Transducers differ mainly upon the number of impulses per turn:
the bigger the number, the better the movement reproduction
accuracy. The transducer supplied as an option has 5000
impulses per turn, which ensures an excellent movement
reproduction even on the typical movement of 90.
3.1.2 Transducer mounting

The transducer is usually mechanically connected to a point that
does not perform the same movement of the contact: usually, the
movement is less than the one of the contact. This means that for
both types of transducers it is necessary to know not only the
contact nominal stroke, but also the nominal stroke at the
transducer connection.
The following picture shows the content of the optional mounting

kit for one transducer, that includes the following materials:
. N. 1 Magnetic support (1): rotating the knob before it the
magnet can be set ON or OFF for a strong lock to an iron base;
. N. 1 Adaptive arm (2): it is made of two arms that can be
blocked with the central knob. Both arms end with a thread that
fits in the magnetic support (1) or in mechanical clamps (3) or
(4) or in the support for the rotating transducer (5). The arm can
be rotated so that it can be accommodated to the CB shape;
. N. 1 Small mechanical clamp (3), with two threaded holes for
the arm (2). It can be used to lock the linear transducer (6);
. N. 1 Big mechanical clamp (4) , with two threaded holes for the
arm (2). It can be used to lock the linear transducer (6), or to
lock all to a support;
. N. 1 Support for the rotating transducer (5), with a threaded
hole for the arm (2);
. N. 1 Rotating or linear transducer (7, if ordered). It can be

mounted either with its legs or blocked with the clamp (3) or with
the support (5);
. N. 1 connection cable, and 10 m long (6), with the suitable
connector: it changes with the type of transducer, linear or
digital.
The mounting of the transducer depends upon the type of

transducer and the physical configuration of the CB. The following
pictures show the mounting with: mechanical support, adaptive
arm, big clamp to lock the linear transducer, or support for the
rotating transducer.
The procedure for the mounting is:

. First of all verify where the transducer can be connected, and
define if to use a linear or a rotating transducer;
. Next, connect the transducer to the CB connection point.
The selection of the connection point is critical for a good

diagnosis of CB mechanical problems. In fact, from the motor
shaft to the pole shaft, there is a series of leverages and rotating
shafts. If you connect the transducer to the motor shaft, you lose
all information related to plays, frictions, bounces on the
mechanism after it. The ideal mounting is the direct connection to
the pole shaft; otherwise, as close as possible to it.
For linear analog transducers, mount it so that there is some

stroke after Open and Close positions (minimum 5% of the
stroke): this is because during operation the CB shaft moves
beyond the Open and Close positions at rest. If you dont, the
movement diagram would cut the extra stroke, and the
transducer could be damaged. The following design shows the
situation.
. Next, define the position of the support (magnetic or clamp) and

of the adaptive arm so that the transducer can be kept during the
movement.
. It is very important that there is no play between the CB

connection point and the transducer, or that the transducer does
not move, else the measurement would show false problems. To
this purpose, a fast attack glue can solve matching problems: at

the end of testing, it can be easily removed.
Next picture shows a rotating transducer mounted on an ABB HGI

CB.
As you can see, the rotating transducer is joined to the shaft; it is

supported by the adaptive arm, that was blocked with the clamp.
The following picture shows the setting on the CB.
Next picture shows the mounting of a rotating transducer on an

ELKSN CB.
Last picture shows the mounting of a linear transducer, using the

magnetic support.
TIGHTENING KNOB
The important thing to know about the adaptive arm is that when
you tighten the knob, all the arm are blocked to their position.
So, the mounting is performed by un-tightening the knob,
locating it to its operating position, and then tightening it.
All the above is referred to one phase, and is to be repeated on

the three phases.
3.2 TRAVEL TRANSDUCER CONNECTION TO THE TEST SET
The three 10-way connectors are one for transducer, as marked:

they have connections for the analog and for the digital
transducers.
Test set comes with many connection cables for the two types of
transducers.
1. Analog transducers: three cables, 1 m long, terminated with

a ten-way connector on the CBA side, and with a three-way
connector, for the connection to the transducers cable. The pin
assignment is the following.
10-WAY WIRE SIGNAL 3-WAY

CONNECTOR COLOUR CONNECCTOR
1 WHITE +5V 1
3 BLUE VIN 3
7 GREEN C 2
The C and + 5 V pin serve to polarize the transducer; VIN is the

signal from the transducer. The connection to be performed is the
following one.
If the optional transducer kit is ordered, one connection cable, 10

m long, is provided.
For the case that you have your own transducer and cable,
possibly already supplied (but WITH A VOLTAGE LESS THAN 10
V), we provide three cables, 1 m long, terminated with a ten-way
connector on the CBA side, and with three banana connectors,
for the connection to the transducers. The bananas assignment is
the following.
BANANA MARKING CONNECTION

COLOUR
RED +5V Supply coming from CBA 2000 : one
transducer end
External supply (< 10 V) : NO
CONNECTION
BLACK C Other end of transducer
BLUE VIN Transducer wipe
YELLOW/ - Cable shield
GREEN
2. Digital transducers. If you buy the optional digital transducer

with kit, it is included a 10 m long cable, that connects to CBA
and to the transducer via two 10-way connectors, male and

female. This is a direct connection cable; pins connected are 2, 4,
5, 6, 8, 9, 10.
For the case that you have your own transducer and cable, we
supply also three cables, 1 m long, terminated with the 10-way
connector on the CB side, and with banana sockets on the other
side. Sockets are coloured and marked as follows.
10-WAY WIRE SSOCKET MARKING

CONNECTOR COLOUR COLOUR
2 BROWN WHITE CH. A+
4 YELLOW WHITE CH. A-
5 GRAY YELLOW CH. B-
6 PINK BLUE + 12 V
8 RED YELLOW CH. B+
9 BLACK BLACK C
10 PURPLE RED + 5V
You will use cables ended with bananas for the connection to your
transducer.
The following connection schematic refers to an analog transducer

supplied by CBA 2000: for digital transducers, the connection is
direct.
NOTE: the + 5 V supply voltage is generated only during the test.
The programming of the test is performed as follows.
. Select on the menu the Recording options, and, on it, the

sample frequency of 5 kHz: this ensures the proper timing
accuracy for speed measurement.
. Enable the Analog input measurement: the following window is

displayed.
In the next paragraphs we explain separately the analog and

digital transducers set-up and calibration: the slow motion test
and the datum points definition are not affected by this choice.
3.2.1 Analog transducer
The Analog transducers selection means that it is desired to

perform the test of the CB movement using an analog travel
transducer, i.e. a device, usually a potentiometer, providing a
voltage proportional to position, and that it is desired to convert
the input voltage into: stroke, speed, acceleration. The
potentiometer is fed with a voltage that can come from the test
set itself, or can be supplied from an external source; after this,
the cursor position is proportional to the cursor voltage. The
program will take into account the fact that the beginning of the
stroke is not 0 V, that the end of the stroke is not the voltage
that supplies the transducer, and that the transducer movement
is not the same as the CB pole.
With this selection, the following window is displayed.

This selection window is the same for the three transducers of the
three phases, but the calibration will be performed at the
meantime on the three transducers to accommodate for the
mechanical tolerances.
Once the selection is performed, the following window is
displayed.
You can label the transducer and name the phase, then you can
select the following parameters:
A) For the CB contact:
. Unit of measurement for the circuit breaker (mm, in);
. The nominal breaker contact stroke, that usually is different
from the corresponding transducer stroke.
B) For the transducer:
. Unit of measurement for the transducer (degree, mm, in).
. If the wetting voltage from the transducer comes from the test
set or if it is coming from an external source. In the latter case,
you have to key in the EXACT value of the wetting voltage: an
error here causes a proportional error to all movement
measurements.
. If the actual strokes at the connection point are the same or
they differ on the three phases. In the latter case, you can
program the stroke for phase A, and then, changing the phase,
input different values for phases B and C; else, the programmed
value will be the same for the three phases. Pressing F3, the
selected phase changes. NOTE: the selection is referred to the
stroke of the connection point, not to the nominal transducer
stroke (length): the three transducers are assumed to have the
same stroke.
. Nominal total transducer stroke (i.e., the stoke that the
transducer can perform, before connecting it to the CB).
. Actual transducer stroke, that is the stroke that the transducer
will actually perform after connection to the CB, from the Open to
the Closed CB contact positions. This stroke has to be less than
the total stroke, 80% maximum, in order to accommodate for
extra movements that always occur dynamically, as the CB opens
and closes. The actual transducer stroke can be input in the unit
of measurement selected for the transducer, or in percentage of
the total transducer stroke.
For instance:
. CB contact stroke: 8 in;
. Nominal total transducer stroke: 345 (angular), or 250 mm
(linear);
. Actual transducer stroke: 210 (angular), or 125 mm (linear).
Take care not to mistake about the voltage measurement (if it is

external), total transducer stroke and actual stroke: any error
here will be reported as a CB movement error in the following
calibration test.
At the bottom of the window there are three more selections:

Transducer calibration, Slow motion and Datum points.
3.2.2 Analog transducer calibration
. Now, select Calibration: this serves to measure the actual

transducer stroke, hence the actual CB contact stroke, and to
provide the first relevant data about CB wearing. After checking,
the following window is displayed.
. CBA 2000 recognizes if the CB is open or closed, and displays

the Open (or Closed) transducer reference position, in the
selected U.M. and in percentage of the total transducer stroke.
Now, press START, so that the CB goes to the opposite position,

Closed (or Open): the window displays the next transducer
reference position, and computes the actual CB contact stroke, in
the selected unit of measurement and in percent of the nominal
and the stroke error with respect to the nominal: the error must
match the tolerance limits. The following is how does the window
looks like at this moment.
If you have more than one transducer to calibrate, the above

sequence calibrates all the selected transducers in one
movement. Once this is achieved, you can go to Phase selection
and verify the calibration results for the different phases.
If the calibration error is more than 10%, a message warns you

because, very likely, there is a wrong parameter. In case of
angular transducers, it is also possible that the calibration error is
caused by a wrong transducer mounting.
Unlike linear transducers, the rotating transducer does not have

an end of rotation that gives a reference for the mounting: as it
rotates, the cursor resistance goes from 0 to the maximum, and
then, continuing the rotation, back to zero, after a short area of
no contact. This poses a problem, because there is no external
reference telling you where the cursor is. The situation is
sketched in the figure below.
To avoid the wrong mounting, proceed as follows:

Define the nominal angle at Closed and Open position.
For example, if the shaft rotation is 90, one position
will be (355-90)/2 = 132 nominal; the other one will
be (355-90)/2 + 90 = 222. These angles are not
mandatory, but serve as a reference.
Mount the transducer and its joint, but dont lock the
joint to the CB shaft, so that, moving the joint, you can
move the transducer.
Take note of the two positions of the shaft as it
rotates.
Start the calibration: the display shows the current
position, in degrees.
Acting on the loose joint, rotate the transducer shaft
until the displayed angle is close to one of the values
computed above. (NOTE: if you rotate the shaft
CLOCKWISE looking from the rear of the transducer,
the angle will DECREASE). Now rotate the transducer
in order to simulate the CB shaft rotation. Two
possibilities:
The starting angle was 132; the angle is increased to
about 222. In this instance, rotate the joint back to
the first position and screw it to the shaft: the
adjustment is performed.
The starting angle was 132; the angle is decreased to
about 20. In this instance, rotate the joint back and
proceed until the display shows 222, then screw it to

the shaft: the adjustment is performed
NOTE: if the angle is about 180, angles would be
about 90 and 270, no matter if the mounting is good
or not. In this case, start from 90, rotate the joint and
VERIFY THAT THE ANGLE DOES NOT GO TO 0 AND
THEN TO 355 DURING THE ROTATION. If this occurs,
adjust the angle to 270.
With this procedure, it is possible to adjust the
transducer correctly even if the shaft rotation is 270:
start at 45, stop at 315.
Last, issue an Open or Close command, and verify that
the error is less than 10%.
3.2.3 Current transducers
There is a special case of linear transducer: it is when it is a

current converter, which can be 0-5 mA, or 4-20 mA. Both
converter types can be used to connect to CBA 2000, with the
following notes.
The first problem is that CBA 2000 needs a voltage input. This
problem is easily solved connecting the transducer output to a
resistor of a well-known value. There is an additional problem:
you cannot exceed the maximum resistance rating for the
converter. A reasonable choice is to use a resistor of 1 kOhm, for
the 0 to 5 mA converters, and of 250 Ohm, for the 4 to 20 mA
one. One kOhm resistors are easily found with a tolerance of 1%,
0.5%, or even 0.1%: the accuracy is up to you. For the 250 Ohm
resistor, parallel 4 resistors rated 1 kOhm.
When you connect the resistor to the transducer output, you will
have a voltage drop across it of 0 to 5 V, for the 0-5 mA
converter, or of 1 V at 4 mA, and 5 V at 20 mA, for the second
one. Connect the resistor to our measurement input.
Now, select external voltage, and program a voltage of 5 V.
Next, the problem is that the test set asks for the nominal
transducer stroke. The point is that the test set understands that
when you have 0 V you are at stroke 0, and when you have 5 V
you have the full stroke. With 0 to 5 mA converters we have no

problem, and we can proceed as usual.
The problem is with 4 to 20 mA converters, when we never have

0 V, but 1 V as the minimum voltage; the delta is 4 V, not 5 V.
So, suppose that, during the operation, the transducer current
goes from 8 mA to 16 mA; they are 8 mA out of 16 mA (20 mA
4 mA), that is, 50% of the stroke. The corresponding voltage
drops are 2 to 4 V.
As the variation is 50% of the total, you may say that you have a
stroke of 50 mm, and the transducer stroke is 100 mm long. If
you program the transducer total stroke of 100*5/4 = 125 mm,
the actual stroke will occur between 2 V = 50 mm and 4 V = 100
mm; the delta is 50 mm, as you desire.
The fact is that, when you calibrate, you compute the actual
stroke, between two points which are neither 0 V nor + 5 V, and
you have the correct stroke measurement.
In conclusion, with this trick you are able to use also these
transducers.
3.2.4 Digital transducers
This selection means that the transducer to be used is a digital

one, that gives two trains of impulses during the movement; on
an RS422 interface: these trains are phase shifted so that it is
possible to understand whether the movement is in forwards or
backwards direction.
If the positive edge of trace A arrives before the one of trace B,

then the movement will be forwards; otherwise, it will be
backwards.
These transducers are of the rotating type; they differ from the
analog ones also because they can rotate more than one turn
without generating errors. Transducers differ mainly upon the
number of impulses per turn: the bigger the number, the better
the movement reproduction accuracy. The transducer supplied as
an option has 5000 impulses per turn, which ensures an eccellent
movement reproduction even on the typical movement of 90.
After the selection, the following window is displayed.
This selection window is the same for the three transducers of the
three phases, but the calibration will be performed at the
meantime on the three transducers to accommodate for the
mechanical tolerances.
Once the selection is performed, the following window is
displayed.
You can label the transducer and name the phase, then you can
select the following parameters:
A) For the CB contact:
. Unit of measurement for the circuit breaker (mm, in);
. The nominal breaker contact stroke, that usually is different
from the corresponding transducer stroke.
B) For the transducer:
. The number of impulses per turn;
. If the actual strokes at the connection point are the same or
they differ on the three phases. In the latter case, you can
program the stroke for phase A, and then, changing the phase,
input different values for phases B and C; else, the programmed
value will be the same for the three phases. Pressing F3, the
selected phase changes. NOTE: the selection is referred to the
stroke of the connection point, not to the nominal transducer
stroke (length): the three transducers are assumed to have the
same number of impulses per turn.
. Actual transducer stroke, that is the stroke that the transducer
will actually perform after connection to the CB, from the Open to
the Closed CB contact positions. The actual transducer stroke can
be input in degrees or in percentage of 360.
At the bottom of the window there are three more selections:

Transducer calibration, Slow motion and Datum points.
3.2.5 Digital transducers calibration
This selection serves to measure the actual CB contact stroke,

and to provide the first relevant data about CB wearing. After
selection, the following window is displayed.
CBA 2000 recognizes if the CB is open or closed, and sets to

count the movement impulses. Pressing START as instructed, the
CB is moved to the opposite position: CBA counts the movement
impulses, computes the corresponding actual CB contact stroke,
and displays the corresponding stroke error, in the selected U.M.
and in percentage: the error must be within the tolerance limits.
After the START command, if three transducers were installed,

you can scroll among the three phases, A, B and C, and verify the
three CB stroke errors. If the calibration is to be repeated, null all
values by pressing the DEL pushbutton on the front panel.
3.2.6 Datum points
Next, the following window allows defining the datum (reference)

points between which the speed is computed and test result is
saved. The displayed speed value is the average between datum
points A and B. The following window is displayed.
NOTE: for all selections, in the test result diagram, the ZERO
value is the CLOSED position. In all diagrams, the CLOSED
position is always designed HIGH.
For each contact position are available three definitions

1. At C position: it means that points are defined with respect to
the position when the CB is Closed. With this selection, the
coordinates of these points are the followings:
. Datum point A: it is the CB contact stroke (in mm or inches)
with respect to the CLOSED position;
. Datum point B: it is the CB contact stroke (in mm / inches, or
ms) towards the OPEN position, with respect to the datum
point A.
The following curve explains the definitions.
2. At O position: as above, but the reference is the Open position.

With this selection, the coordinates of these points are the
followings:
. Datum point A: it is the CB contact stroke (in mm or inches)
with respect to the OPEN position;
. Datum point B: it is the CB contact stroke (in mm / inches, or
ms) towards the CLOSED position, with respect to the datum
point A.
3. At C level: the reference is the point where the contact actually

closes or opens. With this selection, datum point A is already
defined, and datum point B is the CB contact stroke (in mm /
inches, or ms) towards the OPEN position, with respect to the
datum point A.
From this moment, CBA 2000 is ready to display the CB contact

movement in the selected U.M.: the test set computes movement
and speed, while the software computes also the acceleration.
The following is how the screen looks like (after having removed
coil currents).
The two datum points are displayed as a more marked dot, on

the first movement only: the square one is point A. As the test is
finished, the displayed speed is the average between datum
points. If cursors are moved, the displayed speed is the average
value between the cursors.
The analysis of test results allows measuring other relevant CB
parameters. Next figure shows a typical movement diagram, after
a Close - Open command.
The test set reports in the results table the key parameters of the
diagram:
Breaker stroke, measured after the oscillations at the
end of the movement;
Wipe: it is the movement from the rest position to
when the contact opens;
Over-travel: it is the stroke beyond the reference Open
or Closed positions;
Rebound: it is the stroke after the over-travel;
Average speed between the two datum points.
The following window shows the performed measurements, which
are found after all other measurements.
3.2.7 Slow motion
During the CB manufacturing, or after a repair intervention, it is

important to have the possibility to position the Open and Close
contact positions in the centre of the total available stroke. About
this, it is important to consider that the contact stroke is limited
by shock absorbers, which dissipate the mechanism kinetic
energy, and dont allow it to hit the end of the stroke, a situation
that would quickly damage the system.
During the calibration it is possible to measure the CB stroke;

during a normal test it is also possible to measure the extra
strokes. However, it is impossible to know the safety margin with
respect to the end of stroke.
Purpose of this test is to allow the operator to adjust the contact

movement so that the safety margin can be set as desired and
verified after the mounting. This operation has been called slow
motion because the mechanism movement is actuated by hand
by the operator. The situation is summarized in the following
drawing.
Where :
. Total stroke is the contact stroke between mechanical ends,
with shock absorbing medium removed ;
. A and B bounds are the stroke limits between mechanical ends,
with shock absorbing medium removed ;
. CB stroke is the contact stroke during normal operation: it is
limited by shock absorbers;
. A and B positions are the stroke limits between the shock
absorbers ;
. Over-travel A and B are the limits dynamically reached by the
contact during normal operation;
. Over-travel stroke is the difference between the contact position
at rest and the position dynamically reached during the
movement;
. A and B margins are the residual shock absorber strokes, before
the mechanism beats against the mechanical ends: these are
what we are looking for.
The first step is to disconnect the contact from the driving

mechanism, and remove the shock absorbing mean from the
shock absorbers, so that the end of stroke can be reached. Next,
locate the contact at its nominal Open and Closed positions, and
adjust them with respect to end of stroke positions. Last, shock
absorbers are restored, the driving mechanism is connected, and
actual margins are verified. During the test, leave the connections
of contact outputs to main contacts input of CBA 2000
The following is the detail of the operation. Once the test is

selected, the following window is opened. This window does not
change with the type of transducer.
The fact that the first limit is referred to the Open or Closed
position is not relevant. The calibration will be performed
separately on the three phases; once the first phase has been
selected, press F2: the window becomes the following one.
Slow reach the first position, end of stroke A. While the

mechanism is moved, the displayed value changes. Once the A
bound is reached, press F4: the screen becomes the following
one.
The A bound is set to zero, and taken as the reference for further
measurements. As the contact is moved, and taken to B bound,
the B bound figure changes. Of course, this value will be bigger
than the final contact stroke: the difference is the total available
margin. Once the B bound is reached, press F4: the screen
becomes the following one.
Now shock absorbers should be set back at their normal

operation, and the mechanism should be taken against the B
position end (Open or Closed). Once the position is reached,
press F4: the screen becomes the following one.
Now the adjustment is almost done: mechanically connect the

contact to the drive leverages, and press the START button: the
test set checks if the CB is open or closed, and issues the
corresponding Close or Open command. The screen becomes the
following one.
The screen displays the Open and Closed extra strokes: it is now
possible to verify if they are the ones foreseen; otherwise,
pressing DEL it is possible to delete the measurements and to
start over again. If extra strokes are OK, change the phase and
repeat the procedure.
Once adjustments are finished, it is possible to verify the stroke

margin including the shock absorbers action. This is performed by
executing two tests, Open and Close. After each test, if you go to
the results table, at the end of it you will find three additional
results:
. Total stroke;
. O/C extra stroke;
. O/C margin.
If margins are not satisfactory, the procedure can be repeated or

some final fine adjustments can be performed.
These limits will be reported until the transducer settings will be

changed.
3.3 PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CONNECTION TO CBA 2000
Pressure transducers measure the gas pressure as the CB is

operated: watching this signal is useful as hidden problems could
be revealed. Usually the transducer is mounted on the CB, and
outputs a low voltage.
Use the optional connection cables, or use a shielded connection

cable to avoid interferences.
The selection is performed as follows.
. In the analog inputs window, select type, and then select the
pressure transducer test.
Next, select the phase(s) on which the transducer is mounted,

and then Pressure transducer setting: the following window is
displayed.
. The first operation is to label the transducer.

. Next, select the unit of measurement.
. Next, program the value of the pressure when the transducer
output is 0 V (usually it is 1 Bar).
. Next, program the transducer constant, in V/pressure.
With this parameter, CBA 2000 will display the measurement as
pressure, and not V.
The test execution is the same as for CB contacts test. The result
window displays the analog input waveform during the test.
Measurements are performed moving the cursor on the desired
points, but there is no value in the test result table.
3.4 ANALOG SIGNALS CONNECTION TO CBA 2000
The test set allows monitoring two high (or low) level analog
voltages, plus three low level analog voltages. The sixth analog
input is dedicated to the resistance measurements.
The two high level analog signals inputs are four banana sockets,
black and white. The reference (black) sockets are isolated
between them, and also with respect to the other three analog
inputs; so, any signal can be connected.
The three low-level analog inputs are located in the three multi-
pins connectors. Pin connection has been explained in paragraph
3.2. The connection is performed using the connectors provided.
These inputs have in common the reference input.
The two high-low level analog voltages could be used to

watch:
. Motors current or voltage;
. Auxiliary supply current or voltage.
In this instance, the connection is performed to the 500 V input

sockets. The meter has three measurement ranges: 500 V, 50 V,
5 V DC (corresponding to 353 V, 35,3 V, 3,53 V AC). It is possible
to select the desired range; for a more accurate measurement,
select the first range greater than the maximum input. If your
input exceeds the range, the measurement will be distorted. For
this test, dont use the 5 V DC input.
If you want to measure the motor current, or the DC supply

current during the test, and you dont have the optional current
clamp, you should use a current to voltage clip-on meter, with a
suitable conversion constant. For instance, for a DC current test
with currents up to 20 A, use a clamp with a constant of 1 V 10
A, and select the 5 V input range.
The analog input measurement is selected as follows.
Menu > Analog channel/coils setting > Analog inputs 500

V > Enable input 1 (or 2, or both) > Label > Voltage input
range RET
Note that if the voltage input is AC instead of DC, you can select
the AC input checking the sinusoidal waveform icon.
The window is the following one.

The result window displays the analog input waveform during the
test. Measurements are performed moving the cursor on the
desired points, but there is no value in the test result table.
The following figure shows how to connect to monitor the

auxiliary supply changes during the test. NOTE: Do not exceed
the input voltage limit of 350 V AC or 500 V DC.
The three low level analog inputs can be used to measure any
analog input, up to the limit of 10 V DC (or 7 V AC), in
alternative to the transducer measurements. The selection is
performed as follows.
In the following we provide an example of the use of these

inputs: it is the case of the first trip test.
3.5 CURRENT CLAMP, TYPE AC
In the same windows, the Current clamp selection is for the

measurement of current by means of a clip-on transformer, which
can be the optional one we offer, code PII88169. The selection is
the following.
Usually the used input range is 5 V: this increases the

measurement accuracy.
It is possible to:
Label the current to be measured;
Select if the current is DC or AC; in the latter instance,
check the sinusoidal waveform icon
Select the V/A clamp constant;
Select the maximum test current.
With these parameters, the screen will perform the conversion
from voltage to current, and display the current.
4 ST AT I C RE S IST A N CE T E ST
This test serves to measure the contact resistance of the CB main

contact, and also the resistance of any connection, joints etc.
The test is performed applying a high current to the test object (if
it is a CB contact it must be Closed), and measuring the voltage
drop across it.
The high current cables are connected to the high current sockets
(19): they should have a cross section of 25 sq. mm, in order to
minimize the voltage drop; besides, they should be twisted
along the maximum possible cable length, in order to
minimize the inductance.
The measurement cable is connected to connector (16): if the

optional cable set was not purchased, the cable should have two
wires, and should be shielded: the shield is connected to the male
connector provided. The measurement cable will be connected as
close as possible to the joint or CB contact, after the current
connections, so that the contact voltage drop is not affecting the
measurement. Dont connect the measurement input to CBA
2000 sockets, else we would measure the conductors
resistance, that is much bigger than the contact or joint
resistance. Also, dont connect to the high current clips, as
otherwise we would measure the clips contact resistance, that is
also much bigger than the CB contact resistance.
The figure above shows the connection, with one pole grounded.
However, during this test both ends can be grounded: usually,
the resistance of ground connections, that is in parallel to CB
contact resistance, is in the range of 10 mOhm, and it does not
affect very much the measurement, that is in the range of 100
Ohm or less: if the CB contact resistance is greater than 100
Ohm, then the contact is damaged and needs an intervention for
repairing it. In fact, with a nominal current is 1000 A, the contact
resistance power dissipation is 1 W per Ohm: 1 mOhm causes
the power dissipation of 1 kW.
If the ground connection resistance is smaller, and therefore it

affects the correct contact resistance measurement, the
procedure is the following. This procedure is to be used when you
are testing a Gas Insulated Substation.
Open the CB, and measure the resistance: you measure
the total grounding resistance, say Rg;
Close the CB, and measure the resistance: you measure

the parallel resistance Rp of RG and the CB contact
resistance, Rc;
Compute Rc using the following formula:
Rc = Rp*Rg/(Rg-Rp)
NOTE: if you operate with the battery, as this test is power

consuming, the maximum battery duration drops to one hour,
with respect to the four hours when timing tests are performed.
To execute the test, select:
Menu > Micro-Ohmmeter test > Static contact resistance
The following window is opened:
. First of all, select the test current: for CB contact, it is 200 A.

. Next, select the resistance range: for the CB contacts, it is 200
Ohm. NOTE: if the resistance is more than the range, the test
set displays an alarm message ; in this instance, select the 1
mOhm range and repeat the test.
Now you can perform the test: with different test numbers and
labels they will be separately recorded.
A. TEST OF A RESISTANCE
If you have to perform the measurement of a resistance (joint,..),

select Single test, and then press Start: the test set beeps and
displays a cursor that corresponds to the level of charging of the
test set capacitor which energizes the current circuit. After some
beeping, as soon as the capacitor is fully charged, the current is
injected. Test current, voltage drop and resistance are displayed
to the right.
B. TEST OF CB CONTACT RESISTANCES
If the test is for CB contacts, select Test on breaker phase: the

window is the following one.
Specify the CB phase (A, B, C) and contact (1, 2, 3, 4) under

test.
Press START: the current is injected, the voltage drop measured,

the corresponding resistance measured. Test current, voltage
drop and resistance are displayed to the right. If the
measurement is good, pressing on SAVE, the resistance is added
to the test results table.
The time to wait between two tests is about 1 minute, that serves
to charge the capacitor.
If the measurement is OK, select another phase or contact,

change connections and continue until all contacts have been
tested.
C. TEST Y CBS, NO DIRECT ACCESS TO THE COMMON
The last selection applies to Y (two chambers) CBs, where the

connection between the chambers is not directly accessible. In
this situation, there is some resistance that adds to the contact;
the following procedure allows nulling it, and measuring the
actual contacts resistance.
After the selection, the window is the following one.
As it is shown on the display, the fact that the chambers

connection is not directly accessible introduces a series
resistance, marked TR, that does not allow to measure separately
the resistance of contacts, L1 and L2. In order to overcome this
problem, it is necessary to perform three resistance
measurements: L1 + TR; L2 + TR, L1 + L2.
Starting from these measurements, the program computes the

values for L1and L2, and also for TR. The test result window is
the following one.
This is how the screen would look like after the test.
5 D Y N AM IC RE SI S T A N CE T E ST
This test serves to verify the CB main contact resistance change

during actual operation: it is possible that contact resistance is
good after some time the contact has closed, but during the
closing (and opening) stroke some mechanical damage may
cause sudden openings or resistance changes that are
detrimental to the CB contact.
The test is performed connecting CBA 1000 to the contact, then

issuing an Open (or Close) command: the high test current flows
through it as the contact moves, and the resistance profile is
recorded and displayed. Test result is the resistance profile during
the operation.
The high current cables are connected to the high current

sockets: they should have a cross section of 25 sq. mm, in order
to minimize the voltage drop; besides, they should be twisted
for the maximum possible length, in order to minimize the
inductance, and should be as short as possible. This is very
important, because cables inductance alters the first part of the
recording.
The measurement cable is connected to the 10 V connector: if the

optional cable set was not purchased, the cable should be two-
wires, shielded; the shield is connected to the male connector
provided. The measurement cable will be connected as close as
possible to the joint or CB contact, after the current connections,
so that the contact voltage drop is not affecting the
measurement. Dont connect the measurement input to CBA
2000 sockets, else we would measure the conductors
resistance, that is much bigger than the contact or joint
resistance. Also, dont connect it to the high current clips, as
otherwise we would measure the clips contact resistance, that is
also much bigger than the CB contact resistance.
MEASUREMENT CONNECTIONS
AFTER HIGH CURRENT CLAMPS
The figure above shows the connection, with one pole grounded.
However, during this test both ends can be grounded: the
resistance of ground connections, that is in parallel to CB contact
resistance, is in the range of 10 mOhm, and it does not affect
very much the measurement, that is in the range of 100 Ohm or
less: if the CB contact resistance is greater than 100 Ohm, then
the contact is damaged and needs an intervention for repairing it.
In fact, with a nominal current is 1000 A, the contact resistance
power dissipation is 1 W per Ohm: 1 mOhm means a 1 kW
power dissipation.
NOTE: during this test, remember to remove the connection to

the time measurement input sockets A, B, C; else, when the
contact is open, the test set would measure a resistance of
zero Ohm: see the following pictures.
WRONG CONNECTION: THREE CLAMPS PER POLE.

In this example, we have performed a Close dynamic resistance

test. When the contact is closed, it should measure the static
resistance; because of the connection error, it measures zero,
which is impossible.
This is the correct result, with the contact resistance

measurement.
To execute the test, select:
Menu > Micro-ohmmeter > Dynamic contact resistance

It is possible to test the dynamic contact resistance both during

the Close action and also with the Open action. The selection is
performed pressing the SEL button of the front panel.
A) CLOSE TEST
In this instance, the test is performed connecting CBA1000 to the

contact while it is open, then issuing a Close command. The test
set enables the current generating circuit, but, until the contact
closes, no current is flowing. As soon as the contact closes, the
programmed current flows through it, and the resistance profile is
displayed: the diagram on the screen shows what happens. Test
result is the resistance profile during close: the additional
information with respect to the static measurement is the actual
behaviour of the contact as it closes.
Summarizing the test, we should understand what we are about

to see as the test result.
We start the test with an open contact: at this moment,
there is no current flow: the resistance is infinite;
The test starts generating a Close command; yet, until the
contact actually closes, there is no current flow: the
resistance is infinite. If we move the cursor on this area,
the resistance measurement is > 3 mOhm (with the scale

of 1 mOhm);
At some moment, the contact closes. Purpose of the test is
to record what actually occurs, in terms of resistance,
during this transition: it is a matter of few milliseconds.
The resistance goes from infinity to the static closed value,
which can be Ohm: this is why the resistance range
should be 1 mOhm. You can examine the dynamic
resistance by zooming the transition and moving on it with
the cursor. If the range is too small, such as 200 Ohm,
you could be losing some important part of the dynamic
resistance behaviour: in this case, select 100 A and 10
mOhm, and repeat the test;
Shortly after the closing contact, the contact resistance
value quickly reaches the static resistance value that you
have already measured;
The test ends with the current injection ending with a
discharge curve. The resistance measurement here is
affected by increasing errors.
. Start by selecting the Close command using the SEL push-

button.
. Next, select the test current: for CB contact, it is 200 A.
. Next, select the test mode. If you want to test all CB contacts,
select Breaker phase (A, B, C), then the contact under test (1, 2,
3, 4).
. Next, program the nominal close time: the test set learns when
the current will arrive after the Close command. The diagram to
the right explains the test timing: current generation is enabled
shortly before the contact opens or closes, and stopped time
after.
. The last checkbox allows you to enable the transducer recording
during the test: this can be very useful, because you can
compare the resistance variation to possible movement
irregularities. If you check it, the selection window seen before is
displayed; the only difference is that the transducer input channel
is the 500 V one, as the 5 V one is for the resistance
measurement.
NOTE: if you enable the auxiliary contacts, they will be shown as

test results, thus providing a time reference to the test. This
allows you to have a time reference for the test.
. Press START: the contact is closed, and this causes the current
to be injected; current and voltage variations are recorded, and
the corresponding resistance is measured point per point. The
nominal test current, voltage drop and resistance are displayed
on the diagram, that is automatically opened. The following is an
instance of the screen, with: the transducer movement; the open
coil current; R, V, I and two auxiliary contacts; that is, all
possible recordings altogether.
In this moment, the screen is too crowded; so, let us go to view,

and remove the display of the coil current and of the movement.
Let us also zoom on the dynamic test, and move the cursor on
the resistance measurement: the window is the following.
Before test start, the current is zero. Then, current increases (to
190.9 A in our case), the voltage drop is measured (29.88 mV)
and the resistance is computed (0.156 mOhm). After some while,
the capacitor is discharged, and the current goes to zero.
The following is the same as above, but with only the resistance
and the auxiliary contacts.
Now it can be clearly seen that the resistance has a starting peak,
that goes down in few ms: at the meantime, the current goes to
a stable value (see the former diagram). This part of the
resistance diagram is to be ignored, as it comes from the
connection cables inductance, that cannot be eliminated.
The remaining part is the resistance profile, which could have

important variations prior to the final stabilisation: this would
evidence some mechanical problem that are important to be
monitored. Note that even if the first part of the diagram is
masked by the inductance, if the contact resistance would open
and close, this would cause distortions of the resistance curve,
that would be observed.
For a better understanding of the test, let us study another result,

taking it from the software. Here we can study current, voltage
and resistance together, because traces are not superimposing.
We have cut the recording in four areas, separated by the dotted lines.
1 2 3 4
In the area 1), the contact is still open: current is zero, resistance
is > 3 mOhm: in this test, we used the 1 mOhm range. The red
cursor, T1, reads > 3 mOhm.
In the area 2), there is a transition on the current, which is

caused by the connection cables inductance. In this area, if you
measure the resistance, you see it decreasing: it actually is the
contact resistance plus the cable impedance measurement. In
this area, the recording is not reproducing the resistance, but, if
there is a major resistance change, this is recorded and
displayed.
In the area 3), the current is stable: the blue cursor, at T2,
measures the static contact resistance (0.106 mOhm).
In the area 4), the capacitor is discharged; no current flows, the

resistance measurement is meaningless.
In conclusion, this is the profile for a good CB: deviations from

this mean that there is a dynamic resistance change, which has
to be studied and evaluated.
Here in the following is the example of the catastrophic result of

a CB dynamic resistance close test.
You may see that the current was interrupted after about 24 ms,
and the resistance was out of scale. The point here is that this CB
had passed all other tests, and was OK to be put in service!
Luckily, the operator decided to perform also the dynamic
resistance test. They found all nuts being loose. This single test
paid the expenses to purchase CBA!
B) OPEN TEST
This is the most important dynamic test, because the CB is

submitted to the worst operation as it opens. In fact, it has to
open the high voltage and the short circuit current, which is much
bigger than the normal load.
In this instance, the test is performed connecting CBA 1000 to

the contact while it is closed, then issuing an Open command.
Unlike the Close command, the test set does not enable
immediately the current generating circuit. The problem is that
the current generation lasts 30 ms in all, and we have to be sure
that the contact will open while the current is flowing. The current
generation waits until few (15) milliseconds before the contact
opening: this is why the Nominal Open time should be the actual
one, as derived by a timing test. The test current flows through

the contact slightly before and during the opening action, and the
resistance profile is displayed: the diagram on the screen shows
what happens. The test result is the resistance profile during
open: the additional information with respect to the static
measurement is the actual behaviour of the contact as it opens.
Summarizing the test, we should understand what we are about

to see as the test result.
We start the test with a closed contact;
The test is started generating the Open command, but the
current is not yet generated: the resistance is infinite;
At some moment, we generate the current. Unlike the
Close test, the current ramp does not disturb the
resistance measurement, as we have enough time before
the contact opening. If we move the cursor on this area,
the resistance measurement is the static value;
At some moment, the contact opens. Purpose of the test is
to record what actually occurs, in terms of resistance,
during this transition: it is a matter of few milliseconds.
The resistance goes from the Ohm range to infinity. You
can examine the dynamic resistance by zooming the
transition and moving on it with the cursor. If the
metering range is too small, such as 200 Ohm, you could
be losing some important part of the dynamic resistance
behaviour: in this case, select 100 A and 10 mOhm, and
repeat the test;
The test ends with the current injection being cut down to
zero by the contact opening.
. Start by selecting the Open command using the SEL push-

button.
. First of all, select the test current: for CB contact, it is 200 A
and 1 mOhm.
. Next, select the test mode. If you want to test all CB contacts,
select Breaker phase (A, B, C), then the contact under test (1, 2,
3, 4).
. Next, program the nominal open time: the test set learns when
the current should be generated before the actual contact
opening. The diagram to the right explains the test timing:

current generation is enabled shortly before the contact opens or
closes, and stopped after some time.
. The last checkbox allows you to enable the transducer recording
during the test: this can be very useful, because you can
compare the resistance variation to possible movement
irregularities. If you check it, the selection window seen before is
displayed; the only difference is that the transducer input channel
is the 500 V one, as the 5 V one is for the resistance
measurement. This selection can be entered only if you
previously enable the transducer test in the corresponding
window.
NOTE: if you enable the auxiliary contacts, they will be shown as
test results, thus providing a time reference to the test.
. Press START: the Open command is issued, after some time the
current is generated, the contact opens, and this stops the
current flow; current and voltage variations are recorded, and the
corresponding resistance is measured point per point. The
nominal test current, voltage drop and resistance are displayed
on the diagram, that is automatically opened. The following is an
instance of the screen, with all parameters displayed.
In this moment, the screen is too crowded; so, let us go to View,

and remove the display of the coil current and of the movement.
Let us also zoom on the dynamic test, and move the cursor on
the resistance measurement: the window is the following.
The total test duration is 27 ms, so the timing is the right one
considering a discharge time of the capacitor of 30 ms.
Before test start, the current is zero. Then, as the contact is
closed, unlike the Close test, the current increases (to 193.1 A in
our case), the voltage drop is measured (36.65 mV) and the
resistance is computed (0.189 mV). As the contact opens, the
current and the voltage drop to zero, while the resistance is
infinite.
The following is the zoom of the transition portion, with only the
resistance movement and the auxiliary contacts.
What we see now is the closed contact resistance, with matches

with the static measurement. The contact does no start opening
until the resistance starts changing, as marked. From this
moment, the resistance could have important variations prior to
the final opening: this would evidence some mechanical problem.
If test result is saved and transferred to the PC CB program, the

details can be studied at ease, taking advantage of different
colours, screen dimensions and so on. The following is the
example of a test result, detailed on the contact opening.
We have cut the recording in four areas, separated by the dotted lines.
1
3 4 5
In the area 1), the contact is still closed, but current is zero,
resistance is > 3 mOhm: in this test, we used the 1 mOhm range.
In the area 2), there is a transition on the current, which is

caused by the connection cables inductance. In this area, if you
measure the resistance, you see it decreasing: it actually is the
contact resistance plus the cable impedance measurement. This
part is not interesting for our test.
In the area 3), the current is stable: the red cursor, at T1,
measures the static contact resistance (0.191 mOhm).
In the area 4), the contact starts opening; the resistance grows
to 2.5 mOhm (blue cursor at T2) in about 3.6 ms. This resistance
variation is to be considered, because, given the high currents
involved in short-circuit opening, there is a lot of heat being
generated. The ideal is no resistance change until the opening.
In the area 5), the contact is open; resistance is infinite, no

current flows.
The addition of the transducer analysis can give further details

such as the actual stroke at open close; contact speed and so
on.
C) BOTH ENDS GROUNDED
The dynamic resistance test can be performed also if both CB

ends are grounded. Following pictures show the differences in the
two situations.
Close 1: Dynamic CLOSE test; only one end grounded. When the
test is started, the current cannot flow, until the contact closes.
At cursor 1 the resistance is infinite; at cursor 2, we measure the
contact resistance (0,629 mOhm).
Close 2: Dynamic CLOSE test; both ends grounded. When the

test is started, the current flows through the earth connection;
then, as the contact closes, the CB contact resistance shunts the
earth resistance. At cursor 1 the resistance is 45 mOhm (the
grounding resistance); at cursor 2, we measure the contact
resistance (0,601 mOhm).
Unlike the dynamic resistance Close test, when both ends are
grounded, the current flows as soon as it is started; so, it is
important to program the Close delay, as it is in the Open test.
Open 1: Dynamic OPEN test; only one end grounded. When the
test is started, the current flows through the closed contact; next
to CB opening, the current is stopped. At cursor 1 the resistance
is the one of the contact (0,629 mOhm); at cursor 2, the
resistance is infinite.
Open 2: Dynamic OPEN test; both ends grounded. When the test
is started, the current flows through the closed contact; next to
CB opening, the current flows through the ground connection. At
cursor 1 the resistance is the one of the contact (0,601 mOhm);
at cursor 2, the resistance is 45 mOhm (the grounding
resistance).
D) CASE: GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS (GIS)
Gas insulated substations include the CB itself, and also the

grounding contacts. When they are set out of service, both
grounding contacts close; so, this is a typical case of having both
sides grounded during the test.
The problem is that the CB contact AND the grounding contacts

have a very low resistance: for instance, 40 Ohm each. In this
situation, the resistance between the poles is:
80 Ohm (2*40), when the contact is OPEN;
26 Ohm (40 in parallel to 80), when the contact is

CLOSED.
Unfortunately, these resistances are too small for the BSG option
to operate. However, with the dynamic resistance test it is
possible to measure the CB timing, as follows.
Connect CBA as explained for the dynamic resistance test.

Let us consider first the OPEN timing test. As the CB is
closed, the contact resistance is very low; when it opens,
the CB resistance does not grow very much.
The following is an example of the recording.
In the first part of the diagram there is no current. As the

current is injected, the measured resistance is 24 Ohm; as
the CB opens, the resistance increases, and reaches the value
of 69 Ohm. To the right, the screen displays the resistance
values.
If you move the cursor to the point where the resistance

changes, you can measure the Open delay.
The procedure is the same for the CLOSE delay. In our example,
the resistance with the CB open is 70 Ohm; as the CB closes, it
decreases to 24 Ohm. The screen is the following one.
As usual, the cable inductance opposes to the fast change of the

current. If we zoom, horizontally and vertically, the transition
point we get the following.
It is possible to observe an initial change of the resistance at

68.4 ms, followed by an increase, then by a final descent at 69
ms. Among these values, the one to be taken as the close delay
is 68.4 ms, because in the real case, as soon as the pole touches
(first touch), the current starts flowing, and it cannot be
interrupted unless because of huge resistance changes.
In conclusion, with the dynamic resistance it is possible to

perform the CB delay measurement, even with the Gas Insulated
Systems.
6 BO TH S ID ES GR O U N D E D T EST W IT H BS G 10 0 0
As explained in the previous chapters, during the CBA 2000

connection to main CB poles, CB must be closed, and grounded
on both sides. Once the connection is performed, one of the two
ground connections must be removed, because otherwise the
ground connection would shunt the CB contact test current, and
the CB would appear always closed.
There is a drawback about removing a grounding: it is that the

operator IS NO MORE PROTECTED AGAINST A HV BEING
APPLIED TO THE OPEN SIDE: when the CB contact is open,
that side is not grounded at all. Besides, in this situation the wire
is no more grounded, hence, it is subject to the induction of
voltage from the plant.
BSG1000 has been developed to allow to perform the test EVEN

IF BOTH GROUNDS ARE CLOSED. The operating principle takes
advantage of the fact that the ground connection has a resistance
in the range of 10 20 mOhm, that is at least 10 times the CB
contact resistance.
BSG1000 generates a higher current (nominally 20 A) than CBA

2000 (50 mA ) to detect the closed contact: the higher current
allows to generate a voltage drop that is 200 mV up for the
ground connection, and at least 10 times less for the closed CB
contact (1 mOhm x 20 A = 20 mV).
The detection principle is that the contact is closed when the

sensed resistance drops below an adjustable threshold (default
2.5 mOhm), that corresponds to the first moment when poles are
touching.
BYPASS RESISTANCE
To perform the test, you have to:

. Connect to ground both ends of the CB main poles, as close as
possible to the connection clamps, in order to minimize the
induced noise;
. If the CB has two chambers, the connection between chambers
has to be connected to ground;
. Short-circuit the poles with the bypass provided: this nulls the
induced noise and improves the time measurement accuracy; see
the following figure.
BYPASS:
ONE PER
CONTACT
NOTE: without this connection, the recording could display noise

picked up at 120 or 100 Hz: see the figure below.
NOTE: if the measuring head is for two poles and the CB has only
one pole, connect the unused clamp to the black clamp: dont
leave them un-connected!
. Prior to connect BSG, perform a resistance test, in order to
measure the resistance in Closed and Open situation. This serves
to set the resistance thresholds during the test. The ideal Open
contact resistance is close to 5 mOhm, that is the maximum
threshold setting. If the Open resistance is more than 8 mOhm,
clamp another shunt in parallel.
. Connect the BSG1000 measuring heads current outputs to CB
main contacts, using the three 10sq. mm cables;
. Connect the BSG1000 measuring heads measurement inputs to
CB main contacts, using the four measurement clamps;
. Connect the three BSG1000 measuring heads to BSG1000 main
unit (three shielded cables, 10 m long).
The following picture shows the measurement head connected to

a single-pole CB.
. Connect CBA 2000 to BSG 1000 main unit (two cables);
. Connect CBA 2000 to coils, auxiliary contacts, transducer;

. Power-on BSG; wait until the LNKED light blinks, then turn-on
CBA 2000. During the CBA 2000 self-diagnosis, the LED LINKED
of BSG will keep blinking, and will turn on steadily after the
connection is performed. On CBA 2000, the screen displays the

following message.
BSG
DETECTED
Dont
forget to
define the
Open and
Closed
Contact
resistances
in the
BREAKER
CHANNEL
SETTINGS
. Select the page for the setting of breaker channels, that will
modify as follows. This means that CBA 2000 has detected that
the option is present;
. For the Open threshold, input a value equal to 95% of the Open
resistance measurement that you have previously performed (but
not more than 5 mOhm).
. For the Closed threshold, two choices:
. With normal CBs, program a Closed threshold 200 Ohm less

than the Open one;
. If the CB has a graphite nozzle (typical resistance 0.5 mOhm),
input a Closed threshold value equal the Closed resistance
measurement plus 200 Ohm: the duration of the graphite
closing will be displayed with a line with intermediate thickness;
the CB time measurement will be taken when the graphite closes.
Moving the cursors you will be able to measure the duration of
the graphite contact.
Any resistance value less than the Closed threshold is sensed and
displayed as Closed. Any resistance value more than the Open
threshold is sensed and displayed as Open. Any resistance value
between these thresholds is sensed and displayed as a Resistive
contact: this is the case for graphite nozzles.
. Issue an Open CB command: the CBA diagram should show the
contact OPEN. If not, go to the BSG1000 menu, threshold
selection, and reduce the threshold until contacts are sensed
Open;
. Now, issue a Close CB command: the CBA diagram should show
the contact CLOSED. If not, go to the LOW threshold selection,
and increase it until contacts are sensed Closed.
The possible cases for the threshold settings are summarized in
the following table.
CB DIAGRAM CORRECTION
OPEN CLOSED REDUCE HIGH
THRESHOLD
CLOSED OPEN INCREASE LOW
THRESHOLD
NOTE: LEDS on the front panel dont follow the contact status
unless as the test is performed.
Now it is possible to perform tests as usual, operating on CBA

2000. The following is the connection schematic.
If there is some connection error, the following messages would

be displayed.
and the similar messages for clamps black and blue: please,
correct.
Sequence of operation
The BSG measuring heads generate the current only when a
test is to be performed.
The current generation is initiated by CBA1000 or CBA 2000,
by means of the Master output. The START signal goes to the
BSG Main unit, that, in turn, commands the Measuring Heads.
When the current is OK the heads inform the CBA via the Main
unit; at this moment, the CBA drives the CB coils, and the time
measurement starts.
The head measures the contact resistance, compares it to the
threshold and communicates in real time the result (CLOSED,
GRAPHITE or OPEN) to the Main unit;
The Main unit converts this information into a voltage level
that is sensed by CBA as CLOSED, RESISTANCE or OPEN. These
operations are performed at very high speed, so that the time

measurement is not influenced;
CBA measures the times, and displays the results as a thick
intermediate thin line;
It is possible to change the resistance threshold operating on
the CBA screen.
NOTE: Threshold setting and trip times.
When time tests are executed with the BSG option, it is possible
to observe some time deviation when you compare time results
taken with the option to the same results taken without the
option. The reason is explained in the following sketch, that
shows the resistance change versus time during the Close and
Open transitions.
The sketch shows that, during the Close operation, there is some
time between the moment when the CB contact resistance is 100
mOhm and when it goes down to values such as 10 mOhm and 1
mOhm; the same occurs during the Open operation. The amount
of time difference depends upon the type of CB and of its
isolation mean. Now, the point is that during the normal time
measurement, when the contact resistance is 100 mOhm the

contact is detected as closed, and the Close time delay is T1 CL,
but the 100 mOhm threshold cannot be used during the BSG test
as the Closed level, because of the paralleling shunts. The same
is for the Open delay time measurement, where the measured
delay is T1 OP. This causes a time difference with respect to the
normal measurement, where:
- The Close delay is LONGER than the normal one;
- The OPEN delay is SHORTER than the normal one.
On the other side, it has to be considered that during our test the
reading head does not measure the CB contact resistance: it
measures the PARALLEL between the CB contact and the ground
connections and the shunt cable. The resistance change with time
becomes the dashed line.
The minimum BSG threshold is 4.9 mOhm: in order o minimize te

problem, the high threshold should be programmed as close as
possible to the measured OPEN resistance, that should be close to
5 mOhm. As it is possible to see on the drawing, time
measurements T2 CL and T2 OP are very close to T1 CL and T1
OP respectively. The error would increase with Closed resistance
higher than 8 mOhm, or with a low value for the high threshold.
A particular case is given by gas isolated CBs, that have an

internal shunting where the resistance is in the order of few
mOhm. If, for instance, the Open resistance is 3 mOhm, the
timing error becomes negligible programming the high threshold
at 2.8 mOhm.
7 F IR ST TR I P T ES T
A very important measurement of the CB behaviour is the

measurement of the time response of the CB after a long time of
service, because the friction developed during the time usually
causes an unwanted increase of the opening time. The problem is
that, in order to perform timing tests, the CB has to be put out of
service, and therefore opened prior to connect it to the test set:
at this moment, all the information related to the friction are lost.
The test of the CB behaviour when it is operated the first time is

called First trip test: purpose of this test is to measure the open
delay time when the CB is still in service.
The First trip test is performed the following way:

. The CB is in service;
. The secondary currents of the three CTs are monitored by CBA
2000;
. The Open command can be issued by CBA or by an external
command, so that we dont touch at all the CB;
. The trigger command that makes the CBA 2000 to start its
recording is the voltage applied to the Open coil;
. When the Open command is issued, the test set records and
displays the command and the currents;
. On the display it is possible to measure the delay between the
open command and the three currents falling edges: they are the
First trip time delays;
. It is possible to monitor the timing of the auxiliary contacts and
to relate them to the current;
. Also the coil current waveform can be recorded and analysed.
The following is the connection scheme.

PRIMARY
CURRENTS
CT-R CT-S CT-T

CB WITH
VOLTAGE
SECONDARY
CURRENTS
CB
COIL
. Connect the three AC current to voltage transducer clamps

(such as our optional PII88169) to the three transducers input
connectors, and clamp them to the secondary side of the three
CTs. To this purpose, use the three connectors that are included
in the standard set cables, plus six 2 m long banana to banana
cables.
Connect the black wire, marked C, to the black cable of the

clamp, and the blue wire, marked VIN, to the red cable of the
clamp. The other two cables are not used.
. If you want to measure the open coil current or other analog
inputs, in the analog channels selection window, perform the
following selection. The following instance is for: channel 1 open
coil current; channel 2: auxiliary DC supply. The open coil current
measurement is performed by a DC/AC current clamp (such as
our optional Hall effect clamp, code PII29166).
. Next, set the three analog inputs as follows. First, select the
analog inputs 10 V.
. Next, select the first input. Channels are numbered 3 to 5, as

numbers 1 and 2 are for the 500 V analog inputs.
. For each channel number, select: Enabled, AC signal, give the

label (phase 1 in our example), current clamp and the 1 V range.
. Connect the CB Coil Close command to the auxiliary input AUX1.
. Select this input as the trigger for the test.
. If it is desired, connect also other auxiliary inputs.
The following is the trigger options programming window. Input 1

is enabled as Normal Open; the trigger mode selection is not
important as there is only an input.
In Test options, select Open.
In Recording options, select the recording duration of 200 ms, as

follows: this improves the test result resolution.
The following window refers to the auxiliary inputs.
Input 1 has to be selected Wet; other auxiliary inputs can be

programmed.
Now the test set is ready to perform the test. Go to the test
diagram and press START: the display will show the message
TEST IN PROGRESS, then TRIGGER ARMED. From this
moment, you have 60 s to issue the CB Open command. The test
set will wait until the selected AUX input is sensed; then, it will
display a screen such as the following one (three secondary
currents and the open coil current).
The timing can be read by zooming the first part of the diagram,
and then View to select the input 1 only: the screen is now the
following one.
The first trip delay measurement is performed by moving the

cursor t2 to the point where the current has been interrupted: in
our instance, 45 ms.
The result can be better examined after importing it into the PC.
In the following simulation, phase B has opened 10 ms after
phases A and C.
Take care: the above is a simulation; because of the arc

extinction time, there is a delay between the contact opening and
when the current reaches the zero. The simplified waveform
above is not a real case: when the contact opens, there are
deformations on the current which mark the opening moment.
8 SW IT CH S Y N C T EST
Some lines are compensated by capacitors banks: in this

situation, there is the problem of the huge inrush current when
the CB is closed. The solution is provided by CBs provided with
the switch sync performance: the operation of each phase is
synchronized with the input voltage so that poles close when the
voltage is at zero crossing. Purpose of this test is to verify this
behaviour.
The CB is in service: it is impossible to connect to main contacts.

In order to perform the test, it is therefore necessary to measure
the timing of the current with respect to the corresponding
voltage zero crossing.
The test is performed the following way:

. The CB is in service, but it is OPEN;
. The test set monitors the three CT secondary currents and one
VT secondary voltage;
. In order to avoid any problem, the Close command is not issued
by CBA, but by an external command;
. When the Close command is sensed, the test set records the
voltage and currents;
. On the screen, it is possible to verify that currents are started at
the voltage zero crossing.
The following is the connection schematic.

PRIMARY
CURRENTS
CT-R CT-S CT-T CB WITH

VOLTAGE
VT
SECONDARY
CURRENTS
CB
CLOSE
COIL
. Connect the clamps to the three low range analog inputs, and
clamp them to the CTs secondary sides. To this purpose, use the
three connectors which are included in the standard set cables,
plus six 2 m long banana to banana cables.
Connect the black wire, marked C, to the black cable of the

clamp, and the blue wire, marked VIN, to the red cable of the
clamp. The other two cables are not used.
. If you want to measure the open coil current or other analog
inputs, in the analog channels selection window, perform the
following selection. The following instance is for: channel 1 open
coil current; channel 2: auxiliary DC supply. The open coil current
measurement is performed by a DC/AC current clamp (such as
our optional Hall effect clamp, code PII29166).
. Connect the VT secondary (any phase) to the 500 V analog
input 2.
. Connect the CB Coil Close command to the auxiliary input AUX1.
. Select this input as the trigger for the test.
. If it is desired, select also other auxiliary inputs.
The following is the trigger options programming window. Input 1

is enabled as Normal Open; the trigger mode selection is not
important as there is only an input.
The following window refers to the auxiliary inputs.

Input 1 has to be selected Wet; in the example, two more

auxiliary inputs have been programmed to monitor the open and
close CB auxiliary contacts.
In the Test options window select Close (one test only); in the
recording options select: 50 ms as Close coil duration, 20 ms as
pre-trigger duration, 0.15 s as test duration: this improves the
test result resolution.
In the breaker contacts, select a contact per phase (that is not
connected): this improves the display.
In the 500 V analog channels selection window, perform the

following selection. Both inputs have to be selected as an AC
waveform, and input 1 with the current clamp; also input ranges
are different.
In the low level analog window,
Now the test set is ready to perform the test. Go to the test
diagram and press START: the display will show the message
TEST IN PROGRESS, then TRIGGER ARMED. From this
moment, you have 60 s to issue the CB Close command. The test
set will wait until the selected AUX input is sensed; then it will
display a screen such as the following one.
Zooming with F4, it is possible to verify that when the current

starts (trace below), the voltage is at the zero crossing: this is
the test result.
For a better reading, it is possible to transfer the test result to the

CBAPro program.
It is possible to see that, when the current is zero, the voltage is

at the zero crossing.
The test is safer if the CB is not connected to high voltage,

because, in case of mis-adjustment, there is no current peak. In
this situation:
. Connect the main CB pole phase A to CBA1000;
. Connect the voltage providing the reference for phase A to the
500 V input, and select AC signal;
. Issue a Close command, and verify on the screen that the
closing occurs when the reference voltage is at its zero crossing;
. Repeat on the other phases.

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Mie11169-Cba2000 Application Guide

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DATE: 16/02/2014 DOC.MIE11169 REV. 1.

REVISIONS SUMMARY VISA

2 All 11/3/2008 Improved the transducer Lodi

1.23 136 16/2/2014 Updated to the firmware Lodi

SHORT FOREWORD ................................................................................... 6

SAFETY AT WORK ...................................................................................... 7

3.2.4 Digital transducers................................................................. 78

Copyright 2012 ISA S.R.L. Italy All rights reserved.

Dear CBA 2000 user,

This is why I decided to split the CBA 2000 manual in three:

This manual deals with application examples: read through them,

Have a good work with CBA 2000!

The Product hereafter described is manufactured and tested

The application guide is published by the Seller to be used

The Seller declines any difficulties arising from unknown

The warranty includes the repair time and the materials

The Product is CE marked, and has been tested to operate

Would the Product be used beyond these limits, its safety

Mains supply characteristics are:

.. From 100 to 320 V DC.

- Directive n. 2006/95/EC, Applicable standard: EN 61010-1

The product must be cleaned with a soft wet cloth, when it is

. The symbol is located close to the ground socket.

. The symbol is located close to the mains supply

Inside the power supply connection there are 2 fuses, rated T 2A

The following table lists a number of situations that are

SITUATION CAUSE OF RISK CONTROL

TEST SET NOT Capacitor dividers take Ground

The connection to ground is provided through the mains supply

In case of doubt, please contact your Seller. The Seller, and

The circuit breaker analyser and micro-Ohmmeter model CBA

When used as a circuit breaker analyser, it allows the off-line

When used as a micro-Ohmmeter, it allows measuring the contact

CBA 2000 is the big brother of CBA 1000, in terms of : number of

Purpose of this manual is to guide you step by step, so that you

Revision 1.21 includes the following main additional features:

After a short while, the following window is displayed.

The meaning of various selections are explained in the

Purpose of the test is to verify the time delays of main contacts

The test is performed connecting CBA 2000 to the CB main

2.1 CONNECTION TO THE CIRCUIT BREAKER

Before proceeding, apply the rules listed in the Safety at

The first operation is to connect CBA 2000 to CB contacts. To this

Menu > Breaker and auxiliary channel settings > Breaker

The selection is performed in the following window.

During the connection, CB MUST BE CLOSED AND GROUNDED

For the test of the pre-insertion resistor there is no further

If you dont use the optional connection cables, they should be

2.1.2 More than six chambers per phase

The alternative solution is to use two (or more; up to 4) CBA

AUXILIARY INPUTS AUXILIARY INPUTS AUXILIARY INPUTS O3

MEASURE MEASURE MEASURE PARK MEASURE MEASURE MEASURE PARK

300V C 300V 300V C 300V 300V C 300V

300V C 300V 300V C 300V 300V C 300V

isa T 2A 500V isa T 2A 500V

Menu > Trigger options > External trigger RET

Only CB contacts (and auxiliary CB contacts, analog input) are

2.1.3 Coil drivers

Next operation is to connect logic CBA 2000 coil driver outputs to

The connection is made in two steps:

NOTE: sockets O2 and O3 are always present, even if the four

At this moment, connections are as follows (case of: single

Or the followings (case of two chambers per phase, three open

Available selections are: