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MAX232, MAX232I
SLLS047M FEBRUARY 1989 REVISED NOVEMBER 2014
4 Simplified Schematic
5V POWER
2 2 TOUT
TIN TX
RS232
2 2 RIN
ROUT RX RS232
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
MAX232, MAX232I
SLLS047M FEBRUARY 1989 REVISED NOVEMBER 2014 www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1 Features .................................................................. 1 9.1 Overview ................................................................... 9
2 Applications ........................................................... 1 9.2 Functional Block Diagram ......................................... 9
3 Description ............................................................. 1 9.3 Feature Description................................................... 9
9.4 Device Functional Modes.......................................... 9
4 Simplified Schematic............................................. 1
5 Revision History..................................................... 2 10 Application and Implementation........................ 10
10.1 Application Information.......................................... 10
6 Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... 3
10.2 Typical Application ................................................ 10
7 Specifications......................................................... 4
11 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 11
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ..................................... 4
7.2 Handling Ratings....................................................... 4 12 Layout................................................................... 11
12.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 11
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions ...................... 4
12.2 Layout Example .................................................... 11
7.4 Thermal Information .................................................. 4
7.5 Electrical Characteristics Device ......................... 4 13 Device and Documentation Support ................. 12
7.6 Electrical Characteristics Driver ........................... 5 13.1 Related Links ........................................................ 12
7.7 Electrical Characteristics Receiver ..................... 5 13.2 Trademarks ........................................................... 12
7.8 Switching Characteristics ......................................... 5 13.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ 12
7.9 Typical Characteristics .............................................. 6 13.4 Glossary ................................................................ 12
8 Parameter Measurement Information .................. 7 14 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 12
9 Detailed Description .............................................. 9
5 Revision History
Changes from Revision L (March 2004) to Revision M Page
C1+ 1 16 VCC
VS+ 2 15 GND
C1 3 14 T1OUT
C2+ 4 13 R1IN
C2 5 12 R1OUT
VS 6 11 T1IN
T2OUT 7 10 T2IN
R2IN 8 9 R2OUT
Pin Functions
PIN
TYPE DESCRIPTION
NAME NO.
C1+ 1 Positive lead of C1 capacitor
VS+ 2 O Positive charge pump output for storage capacitor only
C1- 3 Negative lead of C1 capacitor
C2+ 4 Positive lead of C2 capacitor
C2- 5 Negative lead of C2 capacitor
VS- 6 O Negative charge pump output for storage capacitor only
T2OUT, T1OUT 7, 14 O RS232 line data output (to remote RS232 system)
R2IN, R1IN 8, 13 I RS232 line data input (from remote RS232 system)
R2OUT, R1OUT 9, 12 O Logic data output (to UART)
T2IN, T1IN 10, 11 I Logic data input (from UART)
GND 15 Ground
VCC 16 Supply Voltage, Connect to external 5V power supply
7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN MAX UNIT
VCC Input Supply voltage range (2) 0.3 6 V
VS+ Positive output supply voltage range VCC 0.3 15 V
VS Negative output supply voltage range 0.3 15 V
T1IN, T2IN 0.3 VCC + 0.3
VI Input voltage range V
R1IN, R2IN 30
T1OUT, T2OUT VS 0.3 VS+ + 0.3
VO Output voltage range V
R1OUT, R2OUT 0.3 VCC + 0.3
Short-circuit duration T1OUT, T2OUT Unlimited
TJ Operating virtual junction temperature 150 C
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All voltages are with respect to network GND.
(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
(2) JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report (SPRA953).
10 12
9 11 TIN
8 10 TOUT (to RIN)
7 9 ROUT
6 8
5 7
4 6
3
2 5
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
1 4
0 3
1 2
2 1
3 0
4 1
5 2
6 3
7 4
8
9 VOL 5
10 6
11 VOH 7
12 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Load resistance (k
) C001 Time (s) C001
Figure 1. TOUT VOH & VOL vs Load Resistance, Both Figure 2. Driver to Receiver Loopback Timing Waveform
Drivers Loaded
R1OUT RL = 1.3 k
R1IN
or
or
Pulse R2OUT See Note C
R2IN
Generator
(see Note A)
CL = 50 pF
(see Note B)
TEST CIRCUIT
10 ns 10 ns
3V
90% 90%
Input 50% 50%
10% 10%
0V
500 ns
tPLH
tPHL
VOH
Output 1.5 V 1.5 V
VOL
WAVEFORMS
A. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: ZO = 50 , duty cycle 50%.
B. CL includes probe and jig capacitance.
C. All diodes are 1N3064 or equivalent.
Figure 3. Receiver Test Circuit and Waveforms for tPHL and tPLH Measurements
TEST CIRCUIT
10 ns 10 ns
3V
90% 90%
Input 50% 50%
10% 10%
0V
5 s
tPLH
tPHL
90% VOH
90%
Output
10% 10%
VOL
tTHL tTLH
0.8 (V V ) 0.8 (V V )
OH OL OL OH
SR = or
t t
TLH THL
WAVEFORMS
A. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: ZO = 50 , duty cycle 50%.
B. CL includes probe and jig capacitance.
Figure 4. Driver Test Circuit and Waveforms for tPHL and tPLH Measurements (5-s Input)
Pulse
Generator EIA-232 Output
(see Note A)
3 k CL = 2.5 nF
TEST CIRCUIT
10 ns 10 ns
Input
90% 90%
10% 1.5 V 1.5 V 10%
20 s
tTLH
tTHL
VOH
3V 3V
Output
3 V 3 V
VOL
6V
SR =
t or t
THL TLH
WAVEFORMS
A. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: ZO = 50 , duty cycle 50%.
Figure 5. Test Circuit and Waveforms for tTHL and tTLH Measurements (20-s Input)
9 Detailed Description
9.1 Overview
The MAX232 device is a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator using four capacitors to
supply TIA/EIA-232-F voltage levels from a single 5-V supply. Each receiver converts TIA/EIA-232-F inputs to 5-
V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V, and can
accept 30-V inputs. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels into TIA/EIA-232-F levels. The driver, receiver,
and voltage-generator functions are available as cells in the Texas Instruments LinASIC library. Outputs are
protected against shorts to ground.
5V POWER
2 2 TOUT
TIN TX
RS232
2 2 RIN
ROUT RX RS232
9.3.1 Power
The power block increases and inverts the 5V supply for the RS232 driver using a charge pump that requires
four 1-F external capacitors.
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TIs customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
+
CBYPASS = 1 F
16
C3 1 F
VCC
1 2
C1+ 8.5 V
C1 1 F 3 VS+
C1
4 6
VS 8.5 V
C2+
C2 1 F 5 C4 1 F
C2 +
11 14
EIA-232 Output
From CMOS or TTL
10 7
EIA-232 Output
12 13
EIA-232 Input
To CMOS or TTL
9 8
EIA-232 Input
0V
15
GND
C3 can be connected to VCC or GND.
NOTES: A. Resistor values shown are nominal.
B. Nonpolarized ceramic capacitors are acceptable. If polarized tantalum or electrolytic capacitors are used, they should be
connected as shown. In addition to the 1-F capacitors shown, the MAX202 can operate with 0.1-F capacitors.
10 12
9 11 TIN
8 10 TOUT (to RIN)
7 9 ROUT
6 8
5 7
4 6
3
2 5
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
1 4
0 3
1 2
2 1
3 0
4 1
5 2
6 3
7 4
8
9 VOL 5
10 6
11 VOH 7
12 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Load resistance (k
) C001 Time (s) C001
Figure 7. TOUT VOH & VOL vs Load Resistance, Both Figure 8. Driver to Receiver Loopback Timing Waveform
Drivers Loaded
12 Layout
3 C1- T1OUT 14
4 C2+ R1IN 13
1 F
5 C2- R1OUT 12
8 R2IN R2OUT 9
13.2 Trademarks
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
13.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
13.4 Glossary
SLYZ022 TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms and definitions.
www.ti.com 30-Apr-2016
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status Package Type Package Pins Package Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (C) Device Marking Samples
(1) Drawing Qty (2) (6) (3) (4/5)
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 30-Apr-2016
Orderable Device Status Package Type Package Pins Package Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (C) Device Marking Samples
(1) Drawing Qty (2) (6) (3) (4/5)
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 30-Apr-2016
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6)
Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
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In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 3
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 27-Feb-2015
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 27-Feb-2015
Pack Materials-Page 2
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