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September 2010

Guide to the
NEBOSH National
Diploma in
Environmental
Management
Qualification title: NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management
Version: 9
Specification date: September 2010
Guide publication date: September 2014

The National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health (NEBOSH),


Dominus Way, Meridian Business Park, Leicester LE19 1QW.

Registered Charity Number: 1010444

Telephone: +44 (0) 116 263 4700


Fax: +44 (0) 116 282 4000
Email: info@nebosh.org.uk
Website: www.nebosh.org.uk

NEBOSH
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, mechanical, photocopied or
otherwise, without the express permission in writing from NEBOSH.

NEBOSH 2014
EDip v8 010414
Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental
Management (September 2010 specification)

Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Benefits for employers 1
1.2 Designatory letters 2
1.3 Professional membership 2
1.4 Qualification level and UK accreditation 3
1.5 Key topics covered 3
1.6 Course tuition and private study time requirements 3
1.7 Entry requirements 4
1.8 Minimum standard of English required for candidates 4
1.9 Legislation 4
1.10 Legislative updates 4
1.11 National Occupational Standards (NOS) and best practice 5
1.12 Qualification type 5
1.13 Qualification progression 5
1.14 Programmes offered by NEBOSH-accredited course providers 5
1.15 Examination dates 5
1.16 Specification date 6
1.17 Syllabus development and review 6
1.18 Further information for candidates 6
1.19 Further information for accredited course providers 6

2. Qualification structure
2.1 Unit assessment 7
2.2 Achieving the overall qualification 7
2.3 Unit pass standard 7
2.4 Unit certificates 8
2.5 Qualification grade 8
2.6 Qualification parchments 8
2.8 Re-sitting unit/s 8

3. Policies
3.1 Requests for access arrangements/reasonable adjustments 10
3.2 Requests for special consideration 10
3.3 Enquiries about results and appeals 10
3.4 Malpractice 11

4. Syllabus - NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management (September


2010 specification) 12

NEBOSH 2014
4.1 Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk
Element 1: Principles of environmental risk management 14
Element 2: Environmental risk evaluation 16
Element 3: Control strategies for environmental risk 18
Element 4: Monitoring, review and audit 20
Element 5: Developments in environmental legislation 22
Element 6: Environmental legislative framework and methods of enforcement 24
Element 7: Public access to environmental information 26
Element 8: Civil liability in relation to environmental pollution 28
Element 9: Solid and liquid wastes 29
Element 10: Gaseous and particulate releases to atmosphere 32
Element 11: Water resources management 34
Element 12: Control of environmental nuisance 37
Element 13: Hazardous substances 39
Element 14: Environmental implications of development and land use 41
Element 15: Energy use and efficiency 43

4.2 Unit ED2: Application of environmental risk theory and practice


4.2.1 Purpose and aim 45
4.2.2 Marking 45
4.2.3 Assessment location 46
4.2.4 Submission of completed work 46
4.2.5 Further information 46

5. Sample question paper


5.1 Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk 47

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The Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management
(September 2010 specification)

1. Introduction
The NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management is designed for individuals
with responsibilities for the management of environmental risk in relation to the damage
caused by work activities. It will be invaluable for managers taking on environmental
responsibilities and those aiming to develop and implement effective environmental
management systems within their organisations. Since its launch in 1992, over 1,700
candidates have achieved the Environmental Diploma.

It is designed to provide the specialist knowledge and understanding combined with the
application of the expertise that underpins competent performance within environmental
management. It also provides a sound basis for progression to further study to MSc level.

The syllabus and means of assessment described in this Guide were introduced in 1992,
revised in 2001, 2003 and 2008 and updated in 2010 to take account of current
developments in environmental management.

1.1 Benefits for employers


The importance of the effect of business activities on the environment has long been
acknowledged. Until relatively recently, business activities were generally thought to be in
conflict with environmental constraints, but many companies, irrespective of size or type of
business, now recognise that a more efficient use of resources can bring substantial cost
savings (eg, raw materials, waste disposal, energy and transport).

A 2003 report Benefits of Greener Business (Cambridge Econometrics and AEA


Technology) estimated 2-3 billion could be saved in annual operating costs by UK
companies investing in best practice techniques for waste minimisation (around 1-2% of total
UK manufacturing value and 5-7% of sector profits in 2000). Department for Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) research in 2005 indicated an additional 1.8 billion could
be saved by business through energy efficiency. Data compiled by Envirowise in 2005,
found UK companies could cut water consumption by 30% by adopting some simple and
inexpensive efficiency measures.

By reducing the environmental impact of their activities companies can potentially give
themselves a significant edge over their competitors. Many consumers are prepared to pay
a premium for environmentally friendly products: A 2006 Co-Operative Bank survey of eco-
friendly spending in the UK, showed a record spending level of 29.4bn, overtaking the
28bn spent annually on alcohol and cigarettes.

The Scottish Governments Scottish Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours Survey 2008
(SEABS08) found that despite the backdrop of economic uncertainty, 57% of the 3,000
people surveyed saw climate change as an immediate concern and 48% believed that
everyday behaviour and lifestyle contributes to climate change. The survey also noted
evidence of changes in attitudes being reflected in behaviour, eg, 84% making use of
kerbside paper recycling facilities, 63% using energy-saving light bulbs and around 45%
buying Fair Trade products regularly.

In recent years there has been progressive development and implementation of


environmental legislation applicable throughout EU member states. For example, The
SEABS08 survey noted that: In past few years, the environment has re-emerged as a key
issue on the Scottish political agenda, with the focus of debate on climate change.

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In December 2008, the Scottish Government published the Climate Change (Scotland) Bill,
which included a statutory target to reduce emissions by 80% by 2050. The overall UK
target is a 60% cut by 2050.

Planning ahead to take account of new environmental standards and legislation can
minimise the costs of modifying or replacing equipment and updating working practices.
Increasingly, business partners prefer to deal with environmentally responsible companies.
Banks, insurers and other sources of finance may avoid businesses that do not take
environmental matters seriously and expose themselves to unnecessary environmental risk.
Those that are considered environmentally aware may benefit from better access to capital
and lower insurance premiums.

The business impact of environmental incidents is also compelling: in addition to the direct
cost of sick pay and absence, employers can find themselves dealing with criminal
prosecution, claims for compensation, adverse publicity and harm to both business
reputation and profitability. Failure to act in an environmentally responsible manner can
bring businesses into conflict with the local community, pressure groups and other
employers.

A 2004 DEFRA survey of the environmental sector found the UK employs over 400,000
people (over double the numbers in 2002) in 17,000 companies (up 7,000 over the same
period) and has an annual turnover of 25 billion (from 16 billion in 2002). These figures
are even larger when considering the 500,000 volunteer workers in environmental and land-
based organisations and the 1 million employees working for the food chain and rural
sectors, which use about 80 per cent of the UKs total landmass.

Driven by tighter environmental regulation, increased development and scarce natural


resources, the UK market for environmental industries is likely to grow to 34 billion in 2010
and on to 46 billion by 2015. The global market in environmental goods and
services is expected to rise from 278 billion to 410 billion by 2015. The International
Energy Agency predicts that 8 trillion of investment in new energy sources will be required
over the next 15 years (Statistics: Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental
Management - CIWEM).

1.2 Designatory letters


Holders of the NEBOSH National Diploma in Occupational Health and Safety may use the
designatory letters EnvDipNEBOSH after their name.

1.3 Professional membership


The NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management is accepted as meeting the
qualification requirements for non-chartered Member (MCIWEM) of the Chartered Institution
of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM - www.ciwem.org), for holders achieving
the overall qualification from 1 February 2009 onwards. Progression to chartered
membership (MCIWEM C.WEM) is a further opportunity.

It is also accepted by the International Institute of Risk and Safety Management (IIRSM -
www.iirsm.org) as meeting the academic requirements for Specialist membership (SIIRSM).
In addition, diplomates will have the opportunity to attend the annual NEBOSH Diploma
Graduation ceremony.

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1.4 Qualification level and UK accreditation


The NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management is accredited and credit
rated by the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA - www.sqa.org.uk). It is rated within the
Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF - www.scqf.org.uk) at SCQF Level 10
with 19 SCQF credit points.

For users in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, this is comparable to a Vocationally-
Related Qualification (VRQ) at Level 6 within the National Qualifications Framework (NQF)
and Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF), or Honours Degree standard.

For further information regarding UK qualification levels, please refer to the Qualifications
can cross boundaries comparison chart issued by the UK regulators, available at the SQA
website (www.sqa.org.uk).

1.5 Key topics covered


Principles of managing and controlling environmental risk
Implementation of environmental management systems
Environmental legislation, enforcement and civil liability
Dealing with key environmental hazards and resources
Practical application of knowledge and understanding via a workplace-based project

1.6 Course tuition and private study time requirements


Unit ED1: 113 hours tuition and 47 hours private study Total: 160 hours
Unit ED2: 6 hours tuition and 24 hours private study Total: 30 hours

A programme of study therefore needs to be based around a minimum of 119 taught hours
and approximately 71 hours of private study for an overall total of 190 Hours.

A full-time block release course would be expected to last for a minimum of fifteen working
days and a part-time day release course would be spread over at least fifteen weeks. For
candidates studying by open or distance learning, the tuition hours should be added to the
recommended private study hours to give the minimum number of hours that this mode of
study will require.

Quoted hours do not include assessment time, ie, sitting written examinations or the
practical application unit (see 1.6).

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1.7 Entry requirements


There are no specific barriers, in terms of academic qualifications, skills or experience to
entry to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management programme.
However, it should be noted that currently the assessments are offered, and must be
answered, in English only.

The qualification includes a requirement to complete an environmental audit proforma and


write a report of approximately 4000 words based on the candidates own workplace; the
proforma and report must be completed in English. Candidates should discuss this with the
accredited course provider before undertaking the qualification.

1.8 Minimum standard of English required for candidates


The standard of English required by candidates studying for the NEBOSH National Diploma
in Environmental Management must be such that they can both understand and articulate
the concepts contained in the syllabus. It is important to stress that the onus is on
accredited course providers to determine their candidates standards of proficiency in
English.

NEBOSH recommends to accredited course providers that candidates undertaking this


qualification should reach a minimum standard of English equivalent to an International
English Language Testing System score of 7.0 or higher in IELTS tests in order to be
accepted onto a National Diploma in Environmental Management programme.

For further information please see the latest version of the IELTS Handbook or consult the
IELTS website: http://www.ielts.org/institutions/test_format_and_results.aspx

Candidates wishing to assess their own language expertise may consult the IELTS website
for information on taking the test: http://www.ielts.org/institutions/faqs.aspx

1.9 Legislation
The syllabus refers to UK legislation. Where the syllabus refers to the legislative systems of
England, Wales and Scotland, candidates may refer to the legislative systems and
requirements that apply in Northern Ireland, provided that these references are clearly
indicated as such.

If this qualification is delivered overseas, accredited course providers may refer to examples
of local legislation as part of the course programme but examination questions will refer to
UK legislation only.

1.10 Legislative updates


Relevant new legislation will become examinable in detail six months after its date of
introduction. However, candidates will be expected to be essentially up-to-date at the time
of the examination and, whilst a detailed knowledge will not be expected, reference to new
or impending legislation, where relevant to an examination question, will be given credit.

Please note, NEBOSH will not ask questions related to legislation that has been repealed,
revoked or otherwise superseded.

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NB: Accredited course providers are expected to ensure their course notes remain current
with regard to new legislation.

1.11 National Occupational Standards (NOS) and best practice


The syllabus is mapped to the relevant National Occupational Standard (NOS):

NOS for Environmental Awareness and Management (December 2009), published by


Lantra Sector Skills Council (www.lantra.co.uk)

The mapping of the syllabus units to each NOS can be found on pages 12-13.

1.12 Qualification type


NEBOSH offers Vocationally-Related Qualifications (VRQs) in England, Wales and Northern
Ireland.

VRQs provide the knowledge and practical skills required for particular job roles through a
structured study-based training programme, that combine the testing of knowledge and
understanding in written examinations with practical application of learning in the workplace.

VRQs are a popular type of qualification because they are nationally recognised, flexible and
offer routes for progression to employment or further study.

In Scotland, VRQs are known as Other accredited qualifications.

1.13 Qualification progression


Environmental Diploma holders with Health and Safety responsibilities may consider the
NEBOSH National or International Diplomas in Occupational Health and Safety.

In addition, students who have achieved the NEBOSH Environmental Diploma may be
considering further study. A number of universities offer MSc programs which accept the
NEBOSH Environmental Diploma as a full or partial entry requirement. Some MSc courses
may require additional qualifications/expertise such as a degree, further significant work
experience or expect students to complete specific modules, eg, in environmental
management.

Further information can be found on our website: www.nebosh.org.uk/qualifications

1.14 Programmes offered by NEBOSH-accredited course providers


Accredited course providers can be located using the Where to study tab on our website:
www.nebosh.org.uk

NB: Candidates are advised to check up-to-date information on course dates with accredited
course providers directly.

1.15 Examination dates


Standard examination dates for this qualification are available in June and December annually.
On-demand examinations are not available to course providers for this qualification.

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1.16 Specification date


The September 2010 specification for this qualification replaces the previous March 2008
specification for all examinations from (and including) 1 June 2011.

1.17 Syllabus development and review


The syllabus has been developed by NEBOSH following extensive consultation with key
stakeholders, notably accredited course providers, professional bodies, employers,
standards setting organisations, enforcement bodies and subject experts. NEBOSH would
like to take this opportunity to thank all those who participated in the development, piloting
and implementation of this qualification.

1.18 Further information for candidates


Further information for candidates including a syllabus summary, qualification overview
leaflet, a sample examiners report and guidance regarding the project unit can be found via
the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk). Examiners reports and past examination
papers may be purchased from the NEBOSH online shop.

1.19 Further information for accredited course providers


Further information for accredited course providers including policies and procedures and
guidance on the project unit can be found in the accredited course providers section of the
NEBOSH website.

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2. Qualification structure
2.1 Unit assessment
The Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management is divided into
two units. Both units are mandatory and there are no optional units. Candidates may
choose to take one or both units at the same time or at different times.

Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk

Unit ED1 is a taught unit, assessed by a three-hour written examination


Each written examination consists of eight long-answer questions (20 marks each) from
which candidates must choose five questions to answer
Candidate scripts are marked by external examiners appointed by NEBOSH
A sample examination paper can be found in Section 5.

Unit ED2: Application of environmental risk theory and practice

Unit ED2 consists of a workplace-based project set by NEBOSH


Approximately 4,000 words in length
The project is internally assessed by the accredited course provider and externally
moderated by NEBOSH
Course providers submit projects to NEBOSH for moderation by 31 January and 31 July
each year.

NEBOSH applies best practise in relation to assessment setting and marking. NEBOSH
uses external assessment for written examinations and assignments: scripts are sent to
NEBOSH and undergo rigorous marking, checking and results determination processes to
ensure accuracy and consistency.

2.2 Achieving the overall qualification


Candidates must pass both units within a two year period to achieve the overall
qualification. The two years commences from the result declaration date of the first
successful unit.

NB: The weighting of the units when calculating the overall mark for this qualification
is 75% for the written examination (ED1) and 25% for the project (ED2), see 2.6 for
further details.

2.3 Unit pass standard


The pass standard for each unit may vary according to pre-determined criteria but is
normalised to 45% for the written paper (ED1) and 60% for the project unit (ED2).

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2.4 Unit certificates


Candidates who are successful in an individual unit will be issued with a unit certificate,
normally within 40 working days of the issue of the result notification. Units are not graded
and the unit certificates will show a Pass only.

2.5 Qualification grade


When candidates have been awarded a unit certificate for both units (ie, have achieved a Pass
in units ED1 and ED2), the overall qualification grade is determined by the weighted results of
the two units. The weighting factors are as follows:

(i) examination (Unit ED1) - 75%

(ii) project (Unit ED2) - 25%

The overall mark is calculated using this formula to produce an overall percentage:

[examination mark x 0.75] + [project mark x 0.25].

The overall calculation may produce a fraction of a percentage. A fraction of 0.5 or above will
be rounded up to the nearest whole percentage and a fraction of less than 0.5 will be rounded
down to the nearest whole percentage.

Pass: Up to 59%, with at least 45% in the written paper (Unit ED1) and 60% in the
project (Unit ED2)

Credit: 60% - 69%, with at least 45% in the written paper (Unit ED1) and 60% in the
project (Unit ED2)

Distinction: 70% or more, with at least 45% in the written paper (Unit ED1) and 60% in the
project (Unit ED2)

2.6 Qualification parchments


Once a candidate has achieved a Pass in both units and the qualification grade has been
awarded, they are normally considered to have completed the qualification and a
qualification parchment will be issued, within 40 working days of the result declaration date
for the second successfully completed unit.

However, once the result of the second successfully completed unit has been issued the
candidate has 20 working days from the date of issue of that result to either:

Inform NEBOSH in writing of their intention to re-sit a successful unit for the purposes of
improving a grade
Submit an Enquiry About Result (EAR) request (see Section 3.3).

2.8 Re-sitting unit/s


If a candidates performance in a unit is lower than a pass, candidates may re-register to re-
sit just the unit in which they have been unsuccessful providing that they re-sit within two

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years of the sitting of the first successful unit. Candidates should take this to mean from
the result declaration date for their first successful unit.

Candidates who wish to improve the mark for a unit they have successfully passed in order
to improve their qualification grading to a credit or distinction, may do so providing that they
re-sit the examination within two years of the sitting of the first successful attempt. Any
candidate who re-sits a successful unit, and does not surpass their original mark, eg, is
referred in the paper, will keep the original mark awarded. Re-sit marks are not capped.
There is no limit to the number of re-sits within this two year period.

Candidates who register for any unit of the National Diploma in Environmental Management
whilst awaiting a result from a previous sitting of an examination for the same qualification
may not seek a refund of the registration fee if they retrospectively claim exemption from any
part of the qualification, subsequent to the issue of the awaited result.

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3. Policies
3.1 Requests for access arrangements/reasonable adjustments
Access arrangements and reasonable adjustments are modifications which are approved in
advance of an assessment to allow attainment to be demonstrated by candidates with either
a permanent or long-term disability or learning difficulty, or temporary disability, illness or
indisposition.

Requests for access arrangements or reasonable adjustments must be made to NEBOSH


by accredited course providers at least one month before the assessment.

For further details see the NEBOSH Policy and procedures for access arrangements,
reasonable adjustments and special consideration available from the NEBOSH website
(www.nebosh.org.uk).

3.2 Requests for special consideration


Special consideration is a procedure that may result in an adjustment to the marks of
candidates who have not been able to demonstrate attainment because of temporary illness,
injury, indisposition or an unforeseen incident at the time of the assessment.

Candidates who feel disadvantaged due to illness, distraction or any other reason during the
assessment must report this to the invigilator (or the accredited course provider in the case
of a practical examination) before leaving the examination room and request that their
written statement, together with the invigilators comments on the statement, be sent by the
accredited course provider to NEBOSH.

Requests for special consideration must be made to NEBOSH by the accredited course
provider as soon as possible and no more than seven working days after the assessment.

For further details see the NEBOSH Policy and procedures on reasonable adjustments and
special consideration available from the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk).

3.3 Enquiries about results and appeals


NEBOSH applies detailed and thorough procedures to moderate and check assessment
results before they are issued. It thereby ensures that the declared results are a fair and
equitable reflection of the standard of performance by candidates.

There are, however, procedures for candidates or accredited course providers to enquire
about results that do not meet their reasonable expectations. An enquiry about result
(EAR) must be made in writing within one month of the date of issue of the result to which it
relates.

For details see the NEBOSH Enquiries and appeals policy and procedures document
available from the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk).

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3.4 Malpractice
Malpractice is defined as any deliberate activity, neglect, default or other practice by
candidates and/or accredited course providers that compromises the integrity of the
assessment process, and/or the validity of certificates. Malpractice may include a range of
issues from collusion or use of unauthorised material by candidates, to the failure to maintain
appropriate records or systems by accredited course providers, to the deliberate falsification
of records in order to claim certificates. Failure by an accredited course provider to deal with
identified issues may in itself constitute malpractice.

For further details see the NEBOSH Malpractice policy and procedures document available
from the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk).

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4. Syllabus - NEBOSH National Diploma in


Environmental Management (September 2010
specification)

Structure

The qualification is divided into two units. Unit ED1 is further divided into fifteen elements.

The matrix below indicates how the syllabus elements map to the relevant National
Occupational Standards (See also section 1.11):

NOS for Environmental Awareness and Management (December 2009), published by


Lantra Sector Skills Council (www.lantra.co.uk).

Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk

Recom- Relevant
Element
Element Title mended Lantra NOS units Page
Number
hours and elements

Principles of environmental risk


1 9 EM3-4, 6, 8, 15 14
management

2 Environmental risk evaluation 9 EM3-6, 11-14 17

Control strategies for


3 7 EM1-10 19
environmental risks

4 Monitoring, review and audit 5 EM5-10 21

Developments in environmental
5 5 EM4 23
legislation

Environmental legislative
6 framework and methods of 7 EM4 25
enforcement

Public access to environmental


7 5 EM4, 8 27
information

Civil liability in relation to


8 5 EM4-5 29
environmental pollution

9 Solid and liquid wastes 13 EM4, 6-8, 15 31

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Gaseous and particulate


10 13 EM4, 6-8, 15 35
releases to atmosphere

11 Water resources management 10 EM4, 6-8, 15 37

Control of environmental
12 5 EM4, 6-8, 15 40
nuisance

13 Hazardous substances 6 EM4, 6-8, 15 42

Environmental implications of
14 8 EM1-4, 11, 14 45
development and land use

15 Energy use and efficiency 6 EM 3-4, 9-10 48

Minimum unit tuition time 113

Recommended private study


time 47

Unit ED2: Management of environmental risk

Recom- Relevant
Element
Element Title mended Lantra NOS units Page
Number
hours and elements

Management of environmental
1 6 EM 1-15 50
risk

Minimum unit tuition time 6

Recommended private study


24
time

Minimum total tuition time 119

Recommended total private


71
study time

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4.1 Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk

Element 1: Principles of environmental risk


management
Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

1.1 Explain the earths natural cycles and how the principles of sustainability are being
adopted
1.2 Explain the reasons for managing environmental risk
1.3 Explain the principles of environmental hazard identification, risk assessment, and
risk control.

Content
1.1 Natural cycles and sustainability

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles


Hydrological cycle
Ecology and the importance of biodiversity
Current definitions of sustainability
- the importance of sustainability and resource efficiency in decision making
- design, construction and resource efficiency with sustainability as an objective
- precautionary principle, polluter pays as examples of drivers for sustainability
- the use of fiscal measures to drive change
- the Governments National Strategy on Sustainable Development in England
and Wales and Choosing our future: Scotland's sustainable development
strategy .

1.2 Reasons for managing environmental risk

Moral duty of care; societys attitude to environmental issues; sustainable


development; ethical issues
Legal the preventative (by enforcement notices, permits etc), punitive (through
criminal sanctions), and compensatory effects of law
Economic direct and indirect costs associated with environmental pollution,
environmental taxation (pros and cons), supply chain pressures, ethical
investment, relations with regulatory bodies and local communities.

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1.3 Principles of environmental hazard identification, risk assessment and risk


control
Direct effects on the health and safety of people outside the workplace:
- hazardous substances
- fire and explosion
- radiation
Indirect effects on the health and safety of people outside the workplace:
- food and drinking water safety
- pesticides
- global, regional and local environmental effects
Effects on quality of life:
- nuisances such as noise, dust and odour
- visual amenity
- transport effects
- wastes from consumer products (packaging)
Effects on plants, animals and natural systems:
- composition and dynamics of communities and ecosystems
Assessment of environmental risks:
- data on environmental problems
- sources of information and advice on environmental risks
- use of environmental monitoring data to evaluate risk
- use of biological indicators to evaluate risk
- uses and limitations of external data sources
- awareness of the relationships between source, pathway and receptor when
assessing environmental risk
Control strategies for environmental risks
Risk control measures:
- technical, , eg, selection of location, selection and efficient use of raw
materials and energy sources, process design, pollution control systems
- procedural, , eg, systems of work, maintenance
- behavioural, , eg, information and training for employees, information for the
public
Factors affecting choice of control measures:
- long term/short term
- applicability
- practicability
- cost.
Possible conflicts between protection of workers and protection of the
environment; reconciliation of such conflicts
Definitions of:
- hazard
- risk and danger
- sustainability.

Recommended tuition time not less than 9 hours

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Element 2: Environmental risk evaluation


Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

2.1 Evaluate risks to the environment arising from workplace activities and substances
released to the environment
2.2 Identify when an environmental assessment is required and understand the
processes underlying preparation and submission of a formal Environmental
Statement.

Content
2.1 Evaluate risks to the environment

Cost benefit analysis


- Cost benefit analysis as applied to environmental risks
Environmental modelling
- Principles and application of environmental modelling
- Limitations of environmental modelling
Life cycle analysis
- Cradle-to-grave concept
- Principles and techniques of life cycle analysis
Assessment of environmental toxicity
- The meaning of Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC)
- Principles of environmental toxicity and ecotoxicity testing.

2.2 Environmental assessment

Environmental impact assessment


- Identification of projects requiring formal Environmental Assessment
- Procedures for the preparation and submission of formal Environmental
Statements
- Strategic Environmental Assessment; circumstances for its use, the role,
process and links with EIA
General requirements for environmental risk assessment
- Use of risk assessments undertaken under health and safety law for
environmental management.

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Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference

Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England and Wales)
Regulations 1999
Environmental Impact Assessment (Scotland) Regulations 1999
The Environmental Impact Assessment (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2009
Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes Regulations 2004
The Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes (Scotland) Regulations 2004
Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1999
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002
The Planning (Control of Major Accident Hazards) (Scotland) Regulations 2005

Recommended tuition time not less than 9 hours

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Element 3: Control strategies for environmental risk


Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

3.1 Describe appropriate risk control measures


3.2 Explain a systematic approach to environmental risk management
3.3 Describe the requirements of emergency plans for their organisation, including their
development, monitoring and maintenance.

Content
3.1 Risk control measures

Factors to be considered in selection of the best solution for an organisation


based on relevant risk
Identification of control options under the hierarchy of elimination, substitution,
reduction or control
Assessment to determine the Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO)
Assessment of control systems to determine the Best Available Techniques
(BAT) and the importance of an integrated approach to pollution control.

3.2 Systematic approach to environmental risk management

Explanation of environmental management systems (EMS) (BS EN ISO 14000


series, EMAS) and BS8555; quality management systems (BS EN ISO 9000
series); total quality management and health and safety management systems
(HSG65, BS 8800, OHSAS 18001); discussion of arguments for and against
integration
The steps in implementing an EMS; involving the stakeholders
Establishing objectives and targets for environmental management performance
Development of environmental policy statements
Using EMS to drive continuous improvement
Supply chain management
Business benefits of EMS.

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3.3 Development, monitoring and maintenance of emergency plans

An understanding of the need for emergency preparedness within an


organisation
On-site and off-site emergency planning
Legal requirements
Practising emergency plans, desktop etc.

Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference


Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1999
HSG 191 Emergency planning for major accidents
The Planning (Control of Major Accident Hazards) (Scotland) Regulations 2005
Civil Contingencies Act 2004
The Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009
Environmental Liability (Scotland) Regulations 2009

Recommended tuition time not less than 7 hours

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Element 4: Monitoring, review and audit


Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

4.1 Describe appropriate indicators that may reflect an organisations environmental


management performance
4.2 Describe appropriate monitoring techniques and differentiate between active (pro-
active) monitoring and reactive monitoring.

Content
4.1 Performance Indicators

Environmental management performance indicators, including incidents,


emissions, waste, water, energy, transport and travel, Carbon dioxide and carbon
(measurement conversion).

4.2 Monitoring techniques


Active and reactive monitoring:
- active monitoring measures including the monitoring of performance
standards and criteria and the systematic inspection of the workplace
- use of environmental inspections and their roles within a monitoring regime
- reactive monitoring measures including data on incidents, near misses,
emissions, waste, water and energy; complaints by workforce and
neighbours; and enforcement action
Workplace inspections:
- role of inspections; factors governing frequency and type of inspection;
competence of inspector; use of checklists; allocation of responsibilities and
priorities for action
- the requirements for effective report writing (style, structure, emphasis,
persuasiveness, etc).
Auditing:
- scope and purpose of auditing environmental management systems;
distinction between audits and inspections
- pre-audit preparations, information gathering, notifications and interviews
- responsibility for audits
- advantages and disadvantages of external and internal, in-house and
proprietary, environmental audit systems
- the range of environmental audit applications, including due-diligence audits,
compliance audits, management system audits and single issue audits (eg,
waste and energy).

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Tutor references
http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/what%20we%20do/a%20low%20carbon%20uk/crc/1_2
0100122101538_e_@_crcconversiontable.pdf
http://www.epa.gov/wastewise/wrr/factoid.htm
http://www.wasteonline.org.uk/resources/InformationSheets/WasteAtWork.htm

Recommended tuition time not less than 5 hours

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Element 5: Developments in environmental legislation


Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

5.1 Describe the factors which have influenced the development of environmental law in
the UK during the second half of the 20th century and the first part of the 21st century
5.2 Describe the status and procedures for the creation of UK Acts and Regulations
5.3 Describe the arrangements for implementing EC Directives in UK law
5.4 Identify foreseeable changes in UK environmental law arising from proposed and
draft EC Directives.

Content
5.1 Development of environmental law in the UK

Development of prescriptive legislation in response to environmental problems -


Clean Air Acts, Control of Pollution Act 1974
Development of framework Acts - Environmental Protection Act 1990, Water
Resources Act 1991, Water Industry Act 1991
Effects of international agreements and treaties on UK environmental law
The role of the European Union in influencing UK law and its direct impact on
organisations and people.

5.2 Creation of UK Acts and Regulations

The environmental legislative framework:


- Acts of Parliament, Regulations, Orders
The purpose, role and status of Approved Codes of Practice, Environment
Agency, Scottish Executive guidance and general guidance material.

5.3 Arrangements for implementing EC Directives in UK law

Influence of the European Union on UK law


Legal standing in member states of EC Directives and Regulations
Principle of precedence.

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5.4 Foreseeable changes in UK environmental law

Trends in development of EC law in respect of: waste management including civil


liability for environmental pollution caused by waste and control of VOCs (Volatile
organic compounds)
The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 (and
regional equivalents, eg, Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations
2000)
Changes arising from the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC)
NetRegs as a source of current and future legislative information.

Recommended tuition time not less than 5 hours

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Element 6: Environmental legislative framework and


methods of enforcement

Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

6.1 Explain the statutory obligations imposed on the organisation by the Pollution
Prevention and Control Act 1999 and its associated Regulations
6.2 Describe the powers of inspectors, different types of enforcement action and their
implications.

Content
6.1 Statutory obligations

The Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 (PPC Act), The Environmental
Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010, Pollution Prevention and
Control (Scotland) Regulations 2000 and associated legislation
Development and application of Pollution Prevention and Control (PPC)
Relationship between PPC and the regulation of water pollution, air pollution,
waste, land, energy, natural reserves and noise
Structure and application of regulations to implement PPC
BAT.

6.2 Powers of inspectors, different types of enforcement action

The roles of the Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency


and the Environment and Heritage Service Northern Ireland
Enforcement of environmental law:
- Offences under EPA, PPC Act, Water Resources Act 1991 and Water
Industries Act 1991 In Scotland, for example: Water Environment (Controlled
Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2005; The Public Health etc. (Scotland) Act
2008; and Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003
- Procedures for appeal against decisions of inspectors and enforcing
authorities, (in Scotland SEPAs Enforcement Policy Policy No.5. Role of
Procurator Fiscal)
- Options for enforcement action: prosecution - summary, indictable and hybrid
offences, prohibition and enforcement notices, their status and grounds for,
and effects of, appeal against them. Other forms of notice: abatement,
suspension, revocation, variation, remediation
- Maximum penalties on conviction in Magistrates and Crown Courts (in
Scotland Summary and Solemn courts)

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Enforcement authorities:
- Authorities empowered to enforce environmental legislation
- Division of responsibilities between enforcing authorities
- Powers of enforcing authorities and their inspectors.

Recommended tuition time not less than 7 hours

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Element 7: Public access to environmental information

Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

7.1 Explain the format and content of information that is available to the public that is
relevant to an organisations environmental performance
7.2 Describe the activities of Non-governmental organisations in making information
available to the public
7.3 Review methods of presenting information on environmental management
performance in publicly available reports.

Content
7.1 Information available to the public

Legal requirements affecting provision of information to the public


Legal provisions affecting access by the public to environmental information
Development and scope of public registers
Development of the Chemical Release Inventory.

7.2 Activities of Non-governmental organisations

The role of:


- Friends of the Earth
- Greenpeace
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
- National Trust/National Trust for Scotland as appropriate
- Environmental Protection UK (previously known as National Association of
Clean Air and Environmental Protection)
- professional bodies
- the media.

7.3 Presentation of information on environmental management performance

Development and content of corporate reports on environmental performance;


company and site annual reporting; producing and presenting meaningful
information; benchmarking and the use of indicators
Identification of key stakeholders and developing relationships
Environmental labelling.

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Tutor references
http://www.defra.gov.uk/corporate/policy/opengov/defra/available/pubscheme/index.htm
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/consultations/environment/ppiem-06.asp

Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference


Environment and Safety Information Act 1988
The Environmental Information Regulations 2004
The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010
Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2000 and subsequent amendments
The Environmental Information (Scotland) Regulations 2004

Recommended tuition time not less than 5 hours

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Element 8: Civil liability in relation to environmental


pollution

Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

8.1 Identify the duties owed in common law by organisations and occupiers of land in
respect of environmental pollution
8.2 Explain the legal principles of decided cases and civil action.

Content

8.1 Duties owed and defences in common law

Torts of negligence, breach of statutory duty, trespass and nuisance


The duties owed by organisations and occupiers of land in respect of negligence,
breach of statutory duty, trespass, nuisance and the rule of Rylands v Fletcher
arising from environmental pollution.

8.2 Legal principles of civil action and decided cases

Civil action
- damage for which tortfeasor is liable, damage of foreseeable type, date of
knowledge of risk, remoteness
- meaning of strict liability and interpretation in recent rulings
- strengths and weaknesses of a civil action founded on negligence, breach of
statutory duty, trespass, nuisance or Rylands v Fletcher
- differences in Scottish law in respect of nuisance and strict liability.
Decided cases
- Rylands v Fletcher (1868) LR 3 HL 330 that the person who for his own
purposes brings on his lands and collects and keeps there anything likely to
do mischief if it escapes, must keep it in at his peril, and, if he does not do so,
is prima facie answerable for all the damage which is the natural
consequence of its escape
- Cambridge Water Co Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather plc (1994) 1 All ER 53;
[1994] 2 WLR 53; [1994] 2 AC 264; [1993] UKHL 12 development of rule in
Rylands v Fletcher; liability does not apply retrospectively in absence of
foreseeability of harm
- Hunter and Others v Canary Wharf Limited and Hunter & Others v London
Docklands Corporation (1997), HL the right to bring an action in nuisance is
related to ownership
- Margereson and Hancock v J W Roberts Ltd (1996) The Times 17.4.96. date
of knowledge.

Recommended tuition time not less than 5 hours

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Element 9: Solid and liquid wastes


Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

9.1 Describe wastes and effluents and determine their category


9.2 Explain the relevant legal requirements for the management of waste and effluent
9.3 Describe strategies for monitoring waste and effluents
9.4 Describe strategies for minimising waste and effluents
9.5 Identify appropriate control strategies and measures for solid and liquid wastes.

Content
9.1 Waste categories

Principal categories of waste: controlled, non-hazardous, hazardous, special


(Scotland), clinical and radioactive
Principal categories of liquid waste discharged to municipal wastewater treatment
plants: trade effluent, special category effluent
Classification of waste - List of Wastes
Specific legal requirements applying to each category of waste.

9.2 Legal requirements

Application to waste of the Duty of Care


Hazardous waste producer registration
Transportation of waste; registration of waste carriers; main exemptions from
registration
Licensing or authorisation requirements for waste management operations,
including storage, treatment and disposal; main exemptions from waste
management licensing or authorisation
Offences for waste management
Hazardous and non-hazardous landfill.

9.3 Monitoring waste and effluents

Sampling and analysis of liquid effluents: grab sampling, continuous monitoring


Sampling and analysis of solid waste
Monitoring of leachate and landfill gas
Guidance on the management of landfill gas, published by EA and SEPA .

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9.4 Minimising waste and effluents

Principles of waste minimisation and the waste hierarchy:


Prevention
Minimisation
Re-use
- recycling
- composting
- energy recovery.
Disposal
Responsibilities under the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging
Waste) Regulations 2007.

9.5 Control strategies and measures for solid and liquid wastes

The range of engineering and procedural control measures and strategies that
can be applied to eliminate or, where not possible, reduce or render harmless
solid or liquid wastes at source
Landfill: the principles of site selection, behaviour of wastes, site management
controls
Waste and effluent treatment: the principles of chemical, physical and biological
treatment techniques
Incineration: the principles of design technology, behaviour of waste.

Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference


Trade Effluents (Prescribed Processes and Substances) Regulations 1989
Trade Effluents (Prescribed Processes and Substances) (Amendment) Regulations 1990
Trade Effluents (Prescribed Processes and Substances) Regulations 1992
Water Industry Act 1991 and 1999
Water Act 2003
Controlled Waste Regulations 1992 and associated Regulations
Transfrontier Shipment of Waste Regulations 2007 and Amendment 2008
Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 and Amendment 2009
The Special Waste Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2004
The List of Wastes (England) Regulations 2005
The Special Waste Regulations 1996 and associated Amendments and Regulations (Scotland)
End of Life Vehicle Regulations 2003 and End of Life Vehicles (Producer Responsibility)
Regulations 2005
Control of Pollution (Amendment) Act 1989
Environmental Protection Act 1990, Part II and Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999

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Environmental Protection (Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls & Other Dangerous


Substances) (England and Wales) Regulations 2000 and similar Regulations for Scotland
The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006 and Amendments 2007 and
2009
The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations 2008 and Amendment
2008 (Scotland)
The Packaging (Essential Requirements) Regulations 2003 and Amendments 2004, 2006, 2009
(Scotland)
The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010
The Controlled Waste (Registration of Carriers and Seizure of Vehicles) (Amendment)
Regulations 1998 The Waste Management Licensing (Amendment etc.) Regulations 1995
The Waste Management (England and Wales) Regulations 2006
The Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations 1991 and Amendment Regulations
2003
The Landfill (Scotland) Regulations 2003
The Waste Incineration (Scotland) Regulations 2003
The Waste (Scotland) Regulations 2005
Site waste management Plans Regulations 2008
The End-of-Life Vehicles (Storage and Treatment) (Scotland) Regulations 2003
The Landfill (Scotland) Regulations 2003 and Amendment 2003
The Management of Extractive Waste (Scotland) Regulations 2010
The Waste Incineration (Scotland) Regulations 2003
The Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994 and subsequent Amendments

Recommended tuition time not less than 13 hours

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Element 10: Gaseous and particulate releases to


atmosphere

Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

10.1 Describe the characteristics of emissions to the atmosphere and assess whether
emissions are likely to be subject to specific legal requirements
10.2 Explain the relevant legal requirements for the management of emissions to
atmosphere
10.3 Describe strategies for monitoring atmospheric emissions
10.4 Describe appropriate control strategies and measures for releases to atmosphere.

Content
10.1 Emissions to the atmosphere

Types of emission: gaseous, vapour, mist, fume, smoke, dust, grit, fibre
Types of substances that are prescribed for release to the atmosphere and types
of prescribed processes
Classification of smoke: dark smoke, black smoke
Air Quality Objectives and Air Quality Standards.

10.2 Legal requirements

Duties of operators of prescribed processes for: Integrated Pollution Prevention


and Control and Air Pollution Control; furnaces; processes permitted as
radioactive substances activities under Environmental Permitting (England and
Wales) Regulations 2010 or the Radioactive Substances Act 1993
Duties of the Secretary of State and local authorities under the Air Quality
Regulations 2000 and the Environment Act 1995, Part IV Offences under the
Clean Air Act 1993.

10.3 Strategies for monitoring atmospheric emission

Sampling principles: grab sampling, continuous monitoring, isokinetic sampling,


in-situ or extractive monitoring, remote sensing; Technical Guidance Notes M1
and M2; BS 1747; BS 1756
Principles of gravimetric analysis, microscopic analysis, gas liquid
chromatography, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry,
chemiluminescence, electrochemical cells and UV/IR spectrometry.

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10.4 Control strategies and measures


The range of engineering and procedural control measures and strategies which
can be applied to eliminate, or where not possible, reduce or render harmless
emissions to the atmosphere; selection of appropriate control options for different
types of substance
The general philosophy and application of emission standards and air quality
standards relevant to air quality management.

Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference


Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000
Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999
Clean Air Act 1993
Environment Act 1995
Environmental Protection (Controls on Ozone-depleting Substances) Regulations 2002
Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010
The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010
Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2000 and Amendments in 2004 and
2005
The Environmental Protection (Controls on OzoneDepleting Substances) (Amendment)
Regulations 2008
The Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations 2009
The Air Quality (Scotland) Regulations 2000
The Air Quality (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2002
The Pollution Prevention and Control (Designation of Solvent Emissions Directive)
(Scotland) Order 2003
The Solvent Emissions (Scotland) Regulations 2004
The Volatile Organic Compounds in Paints, Varnishes and Vehicle Refinishing Products
Regulations 2005 and Amendment (England) 2009

Recommended tuition time not less than 13 hours

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Element 11: Water resources management

Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

11.1 Describe the framework in which water is managed within the UK


11.2 Describe the characteristics of polluting substances released to water and assess
whether releases are subject to specific legal requirements
11.3 Explain the relevant legal requirements for the prevention or control of discharges to,
or abstraction from, controlled waters
11.4 Identify appropriate controls for strategies and methods for prevention and control of
polluting matter to controlled water.

Content
11.1 Framework in which water is managed

Water management framework


Catchment Management Plans.

11.2 Polluting substances released to water

Categorisation of effluents discharged to controlled waters


Designation of controlled waters and water protection zones
Surface water classification systems; water quality objectives and water quality
standards
Types of substances that are prescribed for release to controlled waters
De-minimis thresholds
The UK Red List and its relationship to the EU Black and Grey Lists
Principal types of water pollutants
Chemical, physical and biological properties.

11.3 Discharges to, or abstraction from, controlled waters

Discharge consent procedures for trade effluent and Red List substances
Duties of operators of prescribed processes
Duties to prevent pollution, including prevention of pollution from fire-fighting
water runoff
Cost recovery by the Environment Agency

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Effect of a works notice under sections 161A to 161D of the Water Resources
Act 1991
Duties in respect of water abstraction licences or impounding licences
Offences under water pollution law.

11.4 Controls

The range of engineering and procedural control measures and strategies which
can be applied to eliminate or, where not possible, reduce or render harmless
releases of polluting matter to controlled waters.

Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference


Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975
Environmental Protection Act 1990, Part I
Water Resources Act 1991
Environment Act 1995
Groundwater Regulations 2009
Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999
Anti-Pollution Works Regulations 1999
Control of Pollution (Oil Storage) Regulations 2001
Surface Waters (Classification) Regulations 1989
Surface Waters (Dangerous Substances) (Classification) Regulations 1989
Surface Waters (Dangerous Substances) (Classification) Regulations 1992
Surface Waters (River Ecosystem) (Classification) Regulations 1994
Water Act 2003
The Water Environment (Water Framework Directive) (England and Wales) Regulations
2003 / Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003
Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 and 2010
The Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009
The Nitrate Pollution Prevention Regulations 2008 and Amendment Regulations 2009
Water Act 2003
The Water Resources Act 1991 (Amendment) (England and Wales) Regulations 2009
Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003
The Environmental Liability (Scotland) Regulations 2009
The Protection of Water Against Agricultural Nitrate Pollution (Scotland) Amendment
Regulations 2005
The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2005
The Waste Management Licensing (Water Environment) (Scotland) Regulations 2006 and
Amendment Regulations 2007
The Water Environment (Diffuse Pollution) (Scotland) Regulations 2008

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The Water Environment (Groundwater and Priority Substances) (Scotland) Regulations 2009
The Water Environment (Oil Storage) (Scotland) Regulations 2006
The Water (Prevention of Pollution) (Code of Practice) (Scotland) Order 2005
The Action Programme for Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Scotland) Regulations 2008 and
Amendment Regulations 2008 and 2009
The Water Resources (Control of Pollution) (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil)
(England) Regulations 2010 and Amendment 2010

Recommended tuition time not less than 10 hours

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Element 12: Control of environmental nuisance

Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

12.1 Describe the characteristics of noise and advise on measurement and assessment of
environmental noise levels
12.2 Describe control strategies and methods for the control of environmental nuisance
with reference to relevant legal requirements.

Content
12.1 Characteristics, measurement and assessment of environmental noise

Basic acoustics: pressure, frequency, amplitude, intensity, power; weighting


scales; percentile sound levels; equivalent continuous sound pressure level
Measurement of environmental noise
Assessment of environmental noise and potential for complaint - BS 4142: 1990.

12.2 Control of environmental nuisance

Legislative requirements and guidance applying to environmental noise and


nuisance. (including differences in Scottish law in respect of nuisance and strict
liability)
Duties in respect of construction and demolition noise; BS 5228; and Planning
Policy Guidance G24
Duties in respect of noise emissions from industrial premises
Noise abatement zones
Definition of statutory nuisance
Duties under the Environmental Protection Act 1990, Part III in respect of
statutory nuisance
Offences relating to statutory nuisance
The range of engineering and procedural control measures and strategies that
can be applied to control noise emissions at source, through propagation and at
the receptor.

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Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference


Control of Pollution Act 1974
Control of Noise (Codes of Practice for Construction and Open Sites) Orders 1984, 1987
and 2002
The Control of Noise (Codes of Practice for Construction and Open Sites) (Scotland) Order
2002
Environmental Protection Act 1990, Part III
Civil Aviation Act 1982
Licensing Act 2003
Road Traffic Act 1988 and subsequent Regulations
Noise at Work Regulations 2005
Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003
Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005
The Environmental Noise (England) Regulations 2006 and Amendment Regulations 2009
The Noise Emission in the Environment by Equipment for use Outdoors Regulations 2001
and Amendment Regulations 2001 and 2005
The Statutory Nuisance (Appeals) Regulations 1995 and Amendment (England) Regulations
2006
The Statutory Nuisances (Artificial Lighting) (Designation of Relevant Sports) (England)
Order 2006
The Household Appliances (Noise Emission) Regulations 1990

Recommended tuition time not less than 5 hours

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Element 13: Hazardous substances

Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

13.1 Describe the environmental aspects of the legal requirements affecting supply,
storage, use and transport of hazardous substances
13.2 Identify the legislation affecting use of pesticides.

Content

13.1 Supply, storage, use and transport of hazardous substances

Legislation applying to supply, storage, use and transport of hazardous


substances
Classification of hazardous substances, including substances hazardous to the
environment
Controls applying to ozone depleting substances
Prohibitions and restrictions affecting supply and use of hazardous substances
Requirements for notification, permits and marking of sites where hazardous
substances are present
Transport by road under the Carriage of Dangerous Goods (Classification,
Packaging and Labelling) and Use of Transportable Pressure Receptacles
Regulations 2009 and the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations
1996.

13.2 Legislation affecting use of pesticides

Legislation applying to the control of pesticides


Duties under the Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 and the Control of
Pesticides Regulations 1986 covering approval of pesticides and certificates of
competence.

Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference


Notification of Installations Handling Hazardous Substances Regulations 1982 and 2002
Environmental Protection Act 1990, s.140
Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990 and Regulations 1992 and 2009
Notification of Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers Regulations 1992
Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2009
EC Regulation on control of ozone depleting substances 1005/2009/EC

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Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1999 and Regulations 2005 and 2008
DEFRA Guidance on the Interpretation of Major Accident to the Environment for the
Purposes of the COMAH Regulations
The REACH Enforcement Regulations 2008
Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Regulations 2008 (RoHS) and Amendment Regulations 2009
The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 and Amendment
Regulations 2003 and 2004
The Environmental Protection (Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and other Dangerous
Substances) (England and Wales) Regulations 2000
Regulation (EC) No 689/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June
2008 concerning the export and import of dangerous chemicals
The Detergents Regulations 2010
Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16
September 2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer
The Persistent Organic Pollutants Regulations 2007
The Sulphur Content of Liquid Fuels (England and Wales) Regulations 2007
The Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2009 and The Waste Batteries
(Scotland) Regulations 2009
The Controls on Certain Azo Dyes and "Blue Colourant" Regulations 2003 (Scotland)
The Controls on Dangerous Substances and Preparations Regulations 2006 and
Amendment Regulations 2007 (Scotland)
Planning (Hazardous Substances) (Scotland) Act 1997
The Biocidal Products Regulations 2001and Amendment Regulations 2003, 2007 and 2010
Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 and Amendment Regulations 1997
Pesticides Act 1998
The Biocidal Products Regulations 2001 and Amendment Regulations 2010
The Plant Protection Products (Basic Conditions) Regulations 1997
The Plant Protection Products (Scotland) Regulations 2005 and Amendment Regulations
2006

Recommended tuition time not less than 5 hours

NEBOSH 2014 40
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(September 2010 specification)

Element 14: Environmental implications of development


and land use

Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

14.1 Explain the environmental aspects of developing and managing land


14.2 Identify hazards and assess risks associated with contamination of soil and
groundwater and advise management on the options for remedial treatment.

Content

14.1 Developing and managing land

Classification and protection of the countryside, historic features and wildlife


habitat
Protection given to areas/features designated as: National Parks, Areas of
Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), National Nature Reserves (NNR), local
nature reserves, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Areas of
Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPA), Tree Preservation Orders
(TPO), conservation areas, listed buildings, duty to promote biodiversity
Protection given to listed species
Planning requirements under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990:
- Friends of the Earth
- Damage for which tortfeasor is liable, damage of foreseeable type, date of
knowledge of risk, remoteness
- Meaning of strict liability and interpretation in recent rulings
- Strengths and weaknesses of a civil action founded on negligence, breach of
statutory duty, trespass, nuisance or Rylands v Fletcher.

14.2 Contamination of soil and groundwater

Definition of contaminated land: Environment Act 1995 section 57


Environmental hazards associated with contaminated land
Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006 and The Contaminated Land
(Scotland) Regulations 2000 and amendment 2005
Effect of remediation notices served under Part IIA of the Environmental
Protection Act 1990; designation as special sites
Methods of investigating contaminated land and groundwater; BS 10175:2001
(Investigation of potentially contaminated sites. Code of practice)

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Assessment of contamination: Trigger Concentrations recommended by the


Interdepartmental Committee on the Redevelopment of Contaminated Land; role
of the Dutch standards for soil and groundwater; Greater London Council
definition table; Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment Model and Soil
Guideline Values
Remedial techniques for contaminated soil and groundwater
Offences relating to contaminated land.

Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference


National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949
Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and amendments
Town and Country Planning Act 1990
Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006
Planning Policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation (PPS9) ISBN 0-11-
75394-6
Environmental Protection Act 1990: Part IIA Contaminated Land Statutory Guidance May
2006 (Scotland)
The Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006
DEFRA Guidance on the Legal Definition of Contaminated Land, July 2008
DEFRA Circular 01/2006 Environmental Protection Act 1990: Part 2A Contaminated Land,
September 2006 (under review)
Environmental Protection Act 1990
The Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009 Natural
Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006
The Radioactive Contaminated Land (Enabling Powers) (England) Regulations 2005
The Radioactive Contaminated Land (Modification of Enactments)(England) Regulations
2006, and Amendments 2007 and 2008
Town and Country Planning (Development Plan) Regulations 1991
The Town and Country Planning (Local Development) (England) Regulations 2004
The Town and Country Planning (Regional Planning) (England) Regulations 2004
The Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997
The Town and Country Planning (Structure and Local Plans) (Scotland) Regulations 1983
The Town Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Amendment) Regulations 2006
The Environmental Impact Assessment (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2006
The Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes Regulations 2004
Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005
Planning Advice Note PAN 33 Development of Contaminated Land, 2000 (Scotland)
Planning Policy Statement 23: Planning and Pollution Control
Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development
Recommended tuition time not less than 8 hours

NEBOSH 2014 42
The Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management
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Element 15: Energy use and efficiency

Learning outcomes
On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of
the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In
particular they should be able to:

15.1 Explain the environmental aspects of and legal requirements for business use of
energy
15.2 Describe strategies and actions to reduce overall energy use and manage carbon
emissions.

Content
15.1 Business use of energy

Sources of energy; advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives


Impact on the environment of burning fossil fuels in vehicles, buildings and plant
Provision of information regarding energy efficiency
Impact of carbon dioxide on the climate.

15.2 Reduction of energy use and carbon emissions

Alternatives to fossil fuel as sources of energy


Energy efficiency: relationship to cost and profit
International and national control strategies for carbon dioxide emissions
EU Emissions Trading Scheme
Feed-in tariff and similar incentives.

NEBOSH 2014 43
The Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management
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Relevant statutory provisions for tutor reference

Building regulations 2000 Part L


The Building and Approved Inspectors (Amendment) Regulations 2006, Regulation 19 / EU
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006
Climate Change Act 2008
Energy Act 2008
The CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme Order 2010
Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 1999 and
amendments
The Energy Information and Energy Efficiency Regulations from 1994 onwards
Recommended tuition time not less than 6 hours

NEBOSH 2014 44
The Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management
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4.2 Unit ED2: Application of environmental risk theory and


practice
Learning outcomes

Demonstrate the ability to apply the knowledge and understanding gained from the study
of elements of Unit ED1 in a practical environment
Carry out a detailed review of the environmental audit of a workplace or organisation
Critically analyse and evaluate information gathered during the review
Produce a justified action plan to improve performance.

Content
This unit contains no additional syllabus content. However, completion of study for unit ED1
is recommended in order undertake the unit ED2 project.

4.2.1 Purpose and aim


The aim of the project is to produce an audit of the environmental performance of an
organisation and a report reviewing any issues identified during the audit and
recommendations to management in order to address these issues.

The focus of the Unit ED2 project should be the application of the knowledge and
understanding developed in Unit ED1 to a real workplace situation. Candidates are required to
demonstrate the ability to carry out a range of activities that would be expected of an
environmental management practitioner.

4.2.2 Marking
Projects will be marked by an internal assessor a person proposed to NEBOSH by an
accredited course provider and approved by NEBOSH. Internal assessors will normally hold
Full Membership of the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA), or
equivalent, and/or the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management (or
equivalent) with relevant experience.

A marking sheet will be completed by the internal assessor for each candidate and attached
to the candidates report. Sufficient time for marking should be allowed so that marked
projects reach NEBOSH by the submission deadline (31 January and 31 July each year).

Candidates must achieve the pass standard (60%) in this unit in order to satisfy the criteria
for the qualification.

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4.2.3 Assessment location


The environmental audit must be carried out in the candidates own workplace. Where the
candidate does not have access to a suitable workplace, the accredited course provider
should be consulted to help in making arrangements for the candidate to carry out the audit
at suitable premises. Providers seeking to run the project unit in this way should contact
NEBOSH for advice and approval.

Candidates do not require supervision when carrying out the project, but the candidate must
sign a declaration that the project is their own work.

The candidates, employers and internal assessors should be aware that the status of the
environmental audit undertaken to fulfil the requirements of unit ED2, which is for
educational purposes only. It does not constitute an assessment or audit for the purposes
of any legislation or regulations.

4.2.4 Submission of completed work


Sufficient time for marking should be allowed so that marked projects reach NEBOSH by the
submission deadline (31 January and 31 July each year).

Any project not submitted by the relevant deadline will be declared at zero marks. The
candidate will then be required to re-register (and pay the registration fee) at the next
standard (or local) sitting date.

The accredited course provider should advise the candidate of the latest date by which the
completed project must be received by the course provider for marking. It is the
responsibility of the course provider to ensure that the completed projects are available to
NEBOSH by the submission deadline.

Candidates planning to post their projects to the accredited course provider are reminded of
the need to guard against loss in the post by sending their work by trackable delivery.
Candidates are therefore advised to retain copies of both their completed project and the
environmental audit proforma.

4.2.5 Further information


Further detailed information regarding the unit ED2 including forms and mark schemes can
be found in a separate guidance document for candidates and accredited course providers
available from the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk): Unit ED2: Workplace-based
project: Guidance and information for accredited course providers and candidates.

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5. Sample question paper

5.1 Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk

THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD IN


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

NEBOSH NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN


ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

[DATE]
3 hours, 0930 to 1230

10 minutes reading time is allowed before the start of this examination. You may not write anything during this
period.

This paper contains eight questions. Answer FIVE questions only.


All questions carry equal marks.
The maximum marks for each question, or part of a question, are shown in brackets.
Start each answer on a new page.

1 (a) Identify how manufacturing activities may contribute to causing


the phenomenon known as the Greenhouse Effect. (14)

(b) Explain how the technique of life cycle analysis may be used to
understand the extent to which a manufactured product
contributes to the Greenhouse Effect. (6)

2 Outline reasons why many waste producers are seeking to minimise the
use of landfill as a disposal route for their industrial and commercial
waste streams. (20)

3 A manufacturing organisation uses large quantities of organic solvents for


degreasing metal products.

Outline the range of measures that could be adopted to minimise


emission of organic solvents to the atmosphere. (20)
The Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management
(September 2010 specification)
4 Describe the measures an organisation could take to minimise adverse
impacts on plant and animal communities (biodiversity). (20)

5 (a) Explain what is meant by the terms:

(i) water quality standard; (4)

(ii) water quality objective. (4)

(b) Using a suitable example, explain how a company can use


biological indicators to determine whether an effluent discharge
into a river could have a deleterious effect on the ecological
balance within the receiving water. (12)

6 Describe appropriate performance indicators that may be used to


measure an organisations environmental management performance
illustrating your answer with suitable examples. (20)

7 Describe the different pathways through which contaminated land may


affect human and other environmental receptors. (20)

8 Residents claim that dust emanating from a nearby waste transfer station
is damaging their property.

Describe the main grounds for action under civil law that might be
available to the residents. (20)

NEBOSH 2014
The National Examination
Board in Occupational
Safety and Health

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Meridian Business Park
Leicester LE19 1QW

telephone +44 (0)116 2634700


fax +44 (0)116 2824000
email info@nebosh.org.uk
www.nebosh.org.uk

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