Mazda Zoom Zoom 2030 SkyActiv-X - Fujiwara - Presentation

Briefing on Mazdas Long-Term Vision
for Technology Development
Technical Overview of SKYACTIV-X
Kiyoshi Fujiwara
Senior Managing Director
Mazda Motor Corporation
Sustainable Zoom-Zoom 2030
At Mazda, we see it as our mission to bring about a

beautiful earth and to enrich peoples lives as well as society.
We will continue to seek ways to inspire people through the
value found in cars
People
Earth Society
Mazda Motor Corporation 2

Mazdas Approach to Issues Facing the Earth
Approach CO2 reduction from a well-to-wheel perspective

to reduce CO2 emissions throughout the vehicles life cycle
Well-to-Wheel (From fuel extraction to driving)

Tank-to-Wheel
CO2 CO2
CO2 Combustion
engine
Refinery Tank Wheel
CO2
Oil Well
E EV/PHEV
Power Tank Wheel
generation
Material manufacture, assembly, disposal

Life Cycle Assessment
Forecast Expansion of Environmental Technologies
BEV
Electrification
BEV
BEV Fuel cell
Hybrid
Electrification
BEV
Electrification
Hybrid
Regenerative
brake Hybrid
Regenerative
Idling stop
brake
Regenerative
Electrification
Idling stop brake PHEV
Internal combustion
Internal combustion
Idling stop
Internal combustion
Internal combustion
HEV
Idling stop
Base engine
Idling stop
Regenerative
Brake
Idling stop
Base engine
Base engine
Base engine
2010 2015 2020 2035

Launch plan for next-generation technologies
(CY) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 and beyond

SKYACTIV-G/D
SKYACTIV-G/D upgrade
ICE
SKYACTIV-X
SKYACTIV-D GEN 2
Earth
i-STOP / i-ELOOP
MILD HEV
Electrification
BATTERY EV with or without Range Extender
PHEV
Autonomous i-ACTIVSENSE
driving CO-PILOT
MAZDA CO-PILOT CONCEPT
Society
MAZDA CONNECT
Connectivity
New MAZDA CONNECT
SKYACTIV-BODY & CHASSIS
Platform
SKYACTIV-BODY
SKYACTIV BODY & CHASSIS
CHASIS GEN
GEN22
People
KODO DESIGN
Design
KODO DESIGN 2
Year a briefing to be 2017 2018 2019 2020 Mazda Motor Corporation 5

Next-Generation Gasoline Engine SKYACTIV-X

Road Map to Ideal Combustion
Distance to ideal state
Close Far
Control Factor Gasoline Engine Diesel Engine

of Thermal Next Generation Goal Next Generation Old
Efficiency
Old Current Current
Generation Generation
World Higher CR World
Compression highest lowest CR
ratio
CR
More
Specific Better
2nd step SKYACTIV-G
2nd step SKYACTIV-D

1st step SKYACTIV-G
1st step SKYACTIV-D

homogeneous
heat ratio mixing
Combustion Lean CI Partial Pre-

mixing
period
combustion
3rd step
Combustion TDC
combustion
timing
Heat transfer Thermal Adiabatic Lower temp.

to wall manage Adiabatic
ment
Pressure diff. Miller Lean CI

Btw IN. & Ex. cycle
Mechanical Friction Friction Friction Friction

friction reduction reduction reduction reduction

Features of SKYACTIV-X

Next-Generation Gasoline Engine SKYACTIV-X
SKYACTIV-X
A gasoline engine using
compression ignition
Fuel TypeGasoline
Combustion MethodDiesel

Features of SKYACTIV-X
Gasoline Engine Next-Gen Engine Diesel Engine
Fuel
economy
Torque
Customer Value
Response
Output
(expansion)
Heating
Exhaust
purification
CCI is our target for ideal combustion
CCIControlled Compression Ignition
Completely controlled
compression ignition combustion


Difference between SI and HCCI
Spark Ignition (SI) Homogeneous Charge

Compression Ignition (HCCI)
High
temperature
High
compression
Ignition by plug Compression ignition

Combust by flame propagation Combust at multiple points
Air/FuelConst. Air>>Fuel leaner

Why is Compression Ignition Significant?
Ordinary SI combustion@750rpm:
SI Combustion air fuel ratio of 14.7:1
Aiming to improve fuel economy

with spark ignition, we try to
achieve lean combustion.
Challenge:
Lean, spark ignition combustion : air fuel ratio of 29.4:1
But if we increase the amount of air or gas
the flame will not propagate
Cant we ignite gasoline by

compression, as we do with diesel?
@750rpm :
CI Combustion air fuel ratio of 36.8:1
Combustion ignition enables a super lean
burn at twice the ideal air/fuel ratio
Even lean air/fuel mixtures will ignite and burn in

many places simultaneously if highly compressed

Why is Compression Ignition Significant?
CI and thermal efficiency

CI combustion SI combustion
High Takes time for
combustion Burns out in flame to
pressure short time propagate
TDC
Top dead
center
BDC

Bottom
dead
center
Top dead center Finish Finish burning

ignition to start burning by CI by SI

Issues with Conventional HCCI
Other OEMs/research institute
SIspark ignition
Engine load (kPa)
Switch
Switch
HCCI Misfire due to
insufficient time
Switch
Engine RPM Data under development as Aug. 2017
Compression Spark
Ignition Ignition
Very difficult to achieve
stable switching
Breakthrough
Breakthrough Point
Mazda original technology
||
Technique to completely control the
switch between combustion types and
expand the operating region of
compression ignition

Breakthrough


Breakthrough
Spark Ignition (SI) Homogeneous Charge

Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Complete control
of switchover
A spark plug is necessary
Use spark plug as a control factor

Breakthrough
Compression ignition using spark plug as control factor
Additional
Compression
Expanding fire ball

=Air Piston

SPCCI Combustion
SPCCI
Spark Controlled Compression Ignition
CI combustion Expanding fire ball

(Air piston)

Air Supply Unit
Highly responsive
air supply unit

Air Supply Unit
SPCCI SPCCI with air supply

EGR
Air supply
Air
Fuel
Fuel
Medium load High load

SPCCI Combustion
Spark Controlled Compression Ignition is seamless over a wide region
Engine load [kPa]
HCCI

Engine speedrpm Data under development as Aug. 2017
wide range of rpms and engine loads

switching between HCCI and SI

Value Provided
Value Provided by SKYACTIV-X
Performance
Fuel Economy
Driving pleasure that comes from the
combination of performance & efficiency

Value Provided
Performance
Responsiveness

Responsiveness (launch response)
Improved launch response to throttle pedal operation
SKYACTIV-X
Accelerator position
Conventional
GE
DE(1.5L)
SKYACTIV-X
Acceleration
GE(2.0L)
Throttle
valve
(Initial position)
DE
Intake air enters cylinders
without delay thanks to low
Initial response resistance of throttle valve,
providing good launch
response
Time
Data under development as Aug. 2017 Mazda Motor Corporation 27
Responsiveness (launch response)
Initial vehicle response when accelerating from 40 km/h
Good launch response essential for responsive driving Peace of mind and safety
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

SKYACTIV-X s s s s s s
Competitors
Downsizing Turbo 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
s s s s s s
1.7m

Value Provided
Performance
Expansive at high RPM

Expansive at High RPM
Acceleration characteristics
Acceleration continues and

expands to high RPM
Rate of acceleration
SKYACTIV-X
SKYACTIV-D
Time
Data under development as Aug. 2017
CONFIDENTIAL Mazda Motor Corporation 30

30
Power Output
95RON 91RON
SKYACTIV-X SKYACTIV-X
20
20
Current SKYACTIV-G
Torque [Nm]
Current SKYACTIV-G
Torque [Nm]
Old MZR Old MZR
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Engine speed [rpm] Engine speed [rpm]
Data under development as Aug. 2017

Value Provided
Fuel Economy
Drastic improvement in fuel consumption rate

Drastic improvement in fuel consumption rate
@2000rpm
Old MZR
FE ratio (BSFC) [g/kWh]
Current SKYACTIV-G
<Reference>
SKYAVTIV-D Upgrade
SKYACTIV-X
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Engine load (BMEP) [kPa]

Value Provided
Fuel Economy
A flat fuel consumption curve means

little difference in fuel economy
performance in the real world

Flat Fuel Consumption Curve
Conventional Engine SKYACTIV-X
Torque [Nm]
Torque[Nm]
[rpm] [rpm]

Value Provided
Driving pleasure that comes from the

combination of performance & efficiency

Driving pleasure
Conventional Engine SKYACTIV-X
6th 6th
FGRBASE FGRBASE
Torque [Nm]
Torque[Nm]
a a 6th
b 6th b FGRLower speed
FGRLower speed Prioritize driving
Prioritize driving
[rpm] [rpm]

Driving pleasure
SKYACTIV-X 2.0L
Good
<G 2.0L>
<Fuel economy>
Breakthrough Gear ratio

Good fuel
economy
<G 2.5L>
Good
driving
<Driving force> Good

Driving pleasure
European C-car MT FWD WLTC

SKYACTIV-X
Mazda2
WLTP CO2 [g/km]
1.5DE
European 1.5L MX-5

Downsizing turbo 2.0L
w/ cylinder deactivation
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
Good launch - Acceleration from 40km/h [m/3 seconds]
40km/hAcceleration Acceleration position

Positioning in Product Strategy
Feedback on SKYACTIV-G and Upgrade
SKYACTIV-G SKYACTIV-G
1.0L
1.4L T

Data under development as Aug. 2017 Mazda Motor Corporation

Feedback on SKYACTIV-G and Upgrade
SAE 2016-01-1007:<https://www3.epa.gov/otaq/climate/documents/mte/2016-01-1007-benchmark-hil-operat-2014-mazda-
skyactiv-2.0l.pdf>
SAE 2016-01-0565: <https://www3.epa.gov/otaq/climate/documents/mte/2016-01-0565-air-flow-optim-calib-nat-asp-eng.pdf>
Mazda Motor Corporation42

Product Strategy ~ Enhance SKYACTIV Lineup
SKYACTIV-X
Gasoline engine Diesel engine

lineup lineup
Mazda Motor Corporation43

Building Block Strategy and Process Innovation
Provide unique, world-leading products with the

most appropriate technologies for each market
Process Innovation
Monotsukuri Innovation (Common Architecture & Flexible Production)
Plug-in HEV Technology
Battery EV Technology
Electrification
Control Technology
Evolve base technologies

Further lightweighting
HEV
i -ELOOP
i -STOP
Building Block Strategy

Toward Mazdas 100th Anniversary in 2020
VISION

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Briefing on Mazdas Long-Term Vision

for Technology Development

Technical Overview of SKYACTIV-X

At Mazda, we see it as our mission to bring about a

Mazda Motor Corporation 2

Approach CO2 reduction from a well-to-wheel perspective

Well-to-Wheel (From fuel extraction to driving)

Material manufacture, assembly, disposal

2010 2015 2020 2035

(CY) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 and beyond

Year a briefing to be 2017 2018 2019 2020 Mazda Motor Corporation 5

Mazda Motor Corporation 6

Control Factor Gasoline Engine Diesel Engine

2nd step SKYACTIV-G

2nd step SKYACTIV-D

1st step SKYACTIV-D

Combustion Lean CI Partial Pre-

Heat transfer Thermal Adiabatic Lower temp.

Pressure diff. Miller Lean CI

Mechanical Friction Friction Friction Friction

Mazda Motor Corporation

Mazda Motor Corporation

Mazda Motor Corporation 9

Gasoline Engine Next-Gen Engine Diesel Engine

Mazda Motor Corporation

Mazda Motor Corporation

Spark Ignition (SI) Homogeneous Charge

Ignition by plug Compression ignition

Mazda Motor Corporation 13

Aiming to improve fuel economy

Cant we ignite gasoline by

Even lean air/fuel mixtures will ignite and burn in

Mazda Motor Corporation 14

CI and thermal efficiency

Top dead center Finish Finish burning

Mazda Motor Corporation 15

Other OEMs/research institute

Engine RPM Data under development as Aug. 2017

Mazda Motor Corporation

CCI is our target for ideal combustion

Mazda Motor Corporation

Spark Ignition (SI) Homogeneous Charge

A spark plug is necessary

Use spark plug as a control factor

Expanding fire ball

Mazda Motor Corporation 20

CI combustion Expanding fire ball

Mazda Motor Corporation 21

Mazda Motor Corporation

SPCCI SPCCI with air supply

Medium load High load

Mazda Motor Corporation 23

Spark Controlled Compression Ignition is seamless over a wide region

Engine load [kPa]

Engine speedrpm Data under development as Aug. 2017

wide range of rpms and engine loads

Mazda Motor Corporation 24

Value Provided by SKYACTIV-X

Mazda Motor Corporation

Mazda Motor Corporation

Improved launch response to throttle pedal operation

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Data under development as Aug. 2017 Mazda Motor Corporation 28