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As shown in Table 4, parents depression scores were of their childs externalizing behavior problems
also unrelated to frequency (r = 0.05, not significant) (rs = 0.18, p < .05)that is, parents who rated their
and proportion (r = 0.07, not significant) of observed children as having more behavior problems were less
critical statements. However, parents with higher likely to report praising their child. However, modera-
depression scores self-reported using more criticism tion analysis did not reveal a significant interaction be-
with their children (rs = 0.20, p < .05). Parents depres- tween the childs externalizing behavior and parents
sive symptoms did not moderate the relationship be- self-reported use of praise in predicting their observed
tween parents self-reported and observed use of use (b = 0.03, p = not significant). Childrens external-
critical statements (i.e., depressive symptoms and self- izing behavior problems were also unrelated to parents
reported use of criticism did not interact significantly; use of critical statements based on self-report and
b = 0.12, p = not significant). observation (see Table 4). Finally, there was no evi-
dence that parents perceptions of the severity of their
Moderating Effect of Parents Perceptions childrens externalizing behavior problems moderated
of the Severity of Their Childs Behavior the relationships between parents self-reported and
Problems on the Relationship Between Their observed use of critical statements (i.e., no significant
Self-Reported and Observed Behaviors interaction was found between perceived child exter-
As shown in Table 3, parents self-reports of their use of nalizing behavior problems and self-reported criticism
praise was inversely correlated with their perceptions use; b = 0.06, p = not significant).