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Know the anatomical structures and the function of these regions of the CNS
* cerebral hemispheres and lobes
* major gyri, fissures, sulci
* diencephalon
* brainstem
* cerebellum
* limbic system
* spinal cord
Understand the structures involved in protection of the brain and spinal cord
Differentiate between ascending and descending pathways throughout the CNS
Discuss some examples of damage to the CNS and the resulting change in function
The brain is composed of four regions: cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brainstem and
cerebellum
Cerebral hemispheres contain 5 lobes; frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula know their
specific functions
Cortex delivers and receives information via the diencephalon (thalamus, basal nuclei)
Thalamus relay station for all incoming crude sensation to be edited and output to
specialized regions of the cortex
Brain stem essential for life - transports neural signals cephalad to cortex, caudally to spinal
cord, posteriorly to cerebellum
Cerebellum - important in performing smooth co-ordinated movement, control of posture and balance
CSF, meninges, BBB - nourish and protect brain and spinal cord
Spinal cord structure inverse of brain - consists of grey matter surrounded by white matter
- grey matter contains cell bodies (dorsal (sensory), lateral (autonomic motor), ventral
(motor) horns, dorsal root ganglion
- white matter made up of funiculi or columns = tracts (dorsal column medical
lemniscal system, spinothalamic and corticospinal tracts) afferent sensory fibres
project towards brain and cerebellum, efferent motor fibres projects towards effector
muscles
Damage to CNS neurons (white/grey matter) - loss of sensation, motor control, integration,
permanent damage in CNS?
Chapter 13
Nerves are structurally arranged similarly to muscles, with connective tissue coverings (epi,
peri, endo) instead ending in neurium
Motor division of the PNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
Control of ANS
sacrifice study
sacrifice
no
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