Bab III Integral Ganda

Real Statistics Using Excel - Examples Workbook Part 1A
Charles Zaiontz, 1 June 2017
Copyright 2013 - 2017 Charles Zaiontz
Concise Table of Contents
Excel Environment
Real Statistics Environment
Probability Functions
Descriptive Statistics
Hypothesis Testing
Normal Distribution
Sampling Distributions
Binomial and Related Distributions
Other Key Distributions
Student's t Distribution
Chi-square Distribution
F Distribution
Testing for Normality and Symmetry
Real Statistics Using Excel - Examples Workbook Part 1A
Charles Zaiontz, 1 June 2017
Copyright 2013 - 2017 Charles Zaiontz
Table of Contents
Excel Environment
Excel spreadsheets
Sample Excel worksheet (Figure 1)
Charts
Bar Chart (Example 1)
Line Chart (Example 2)
Line Chart (Example 3)
Scatter Chart (Example 4)
Step Chart (Example 5)
Array formulas and functions

Array formula (Example 1)
Array function (Example 2)
Sorting and Filtering

Sorting (Example 1)
Remove Duplicates (Example 2)
Filter (Example 3)
Goal Seek
Square root example (Example 1)
Real Statistics Environment
Reformatting data
Sorting, removing duplicates, etc. (Example 1)
Sort and extract unique (Example 2)
Sort using data analysis tool (Example 3)
Sorting and removing duplicates by rows

Sort by rows (Example 1)
Sort rows removing duplicates (Example 2)
Extracting columns from a data range

Extract columns from data range (Example 1)
Select columns from data range (Example 2)
Miscellaneous functions
Examples of miscellaneous Real Statistics functions
Step chart
Real Statistics data analysis tool
Probability Functions
Basic probability concepts

Probability calculation (Example 6)
Discrete probability distributions

Frequency function (Example 1)
Frequency function using Real Statistics function (Example 3)
Frequency function using Real Statistics data analysis tool
Continuous probability distributions

Chi-square cumulative distribution
Measures of central tendency

Mean, median, etc. (Examples 1, 3-6)
Column means (Example 2)
Geometric Mean (extra example)
Measures of variability
Variance, standard deviation, etc. (Examples 1,2, 6-10)
Column variance and standard deviation (Examples 3)
Combining two samples (Example 4)
Combining two or more samples (Example 5)
Measures of shape
Skewness and kurtosis (Examples 1, 2)
Chi-square distribution (Figure 1)
Kurtosis and skewness (Figure 2)
Ranking
Various ranking and percentile functions (Examples 1-4, 6, 8, 10)
Real Statistics RANK_AVG vs. Excel RANK.AVG function
Rank and Percentile data analysis tool (Example 5)
PERCENTRANK vs. PERCENTRANK.EXC (Example 7)
PERCENTILE vs. PERCENTILE.EXC (Example 9)
Descriptive statistics tools

Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool (Example 1)
Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool (Example 2)
Real Statistics Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool (Example 3)
Frequency tables
Mean and variance based on frequency tables (Example 1)
Calculations from a frequency table with intervals (Example 2)
Excel FREQUENCY function (Example 3)
Real Statistics FREQTABLE function (Example 4)
Descriptive statistics for data in a frequency table (Example 5)
Real Statistics data analysis tool for obtaining desc stats for frequency table (Example 6)
Histogram
Histogram data analysis tool (Example 1)
Real Statistics Frequency Table data analysis tool (Example 2)
Box plots
Box Plot (Example 1)
Box Plot (Example 1 using .EXC)
Box Plot with negative data
Box plot with outliers
ROC
Classification Table (Example 1)
ROC Plot (Example 2)
Classification and ROC data analysis tool (Example 3)
Outliers and Robustness

Trimmed and Winsorized data (Example 1)
Dealing with missing data

Remove missing data (Example 1)
Remove missing data via data analysis tool (Example 2)
Indices of Diversity
Shannon's Index (Example 1)
Brillouin's Index (Example 2)
Simpson's Index (Example 3)
Hypothesis Testing
Statistical power
Power table (Figure 1)
Normal Distribution
Basic characteristics
Chart of normal distribution (Example 1)
Extra picture (two normal distributions)
Probability using normal distribution (Example 2)
Standard normal distribution
Chart of standard normal distribution (Figure 1)
Log-normal distribution
Chart of log-normal distribution (Figure 1)
Equivalent formulas
Sampling Distributions
Single sample hypothesis testing with known variance

One sample hypothesis testing with known variance (Example 1)
One sample hypothesis testing with known variance (Example 2)
Standardized effect size
Cohen's d effect size (Example 1)
Confidence intervals
Confidence interval (Example 1)
Confidence interval (Example 2)
One sample hypothesis testing using the Central Limit Theorem

One sample hypothesis test via Central Limit Theorem (Example 1)
Comparing two means when variances are known

Two sample hypothesis testing with known variance (Example 1)
Simulation
Simulation of Central Limit Theorem (Example 1)
Sample data for Example 1, using Uniform distribution
Simulation of Central Limit Theorem (extra example)
Sample data for extra example, using Poisson distribution
Normal distribution sample (Figure 2)
Random number generation
Sampling
Sampling using data analysis tool (Example 1)
Sampling using Real Statistics functions (Figure 3)
Sampling using Real Statistics data analysis tool (Example 2)
Power
Power for normal distribution (Example 1)
Power curve for Example 1 (Figure 2)
What if analysis regarding power for normal distribution (Example 2)
Summary of results for what if analysis regarding power (Example 2)
Alternative approach for calculating power (Figure 8)
Alternative approach for determining sample size (Figure 9)
Outliers and Missing Data
Real statistics data analysis tool (Example 1)
Real statistics STANDARD function (Example 2)
Binomial and Related Distributions
Binomial distribution
Chart of binomial distribution (Figure 1)
Binomial distribution (Example 1)
Critical values
Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing binomial distribution (Example 1)
Relationship with normal distribution

Binomial vs. normal distribution (Example 1)
Proportion distribution
Proportion distribution (Example 1)
Proportion distribution - confidence interval (Example 2)
Proportion distribution - sample size (Example 3)
Two sample hypothesis testing (Example 4)
Negative binomial and geometric distributions

Geometric distribution (Example 1)
Negative binomial distribution (Example 2)
Inverse negative binomial distribution (Example 3)
Hypergeometric distribution
Hypergeometric distribution (Example 1)
Hypergeometric distribution, what-if (Example 3)
Beta distribution
Beta distribution chart (Figure 1)
Beta distribution (Example1)
Multinomial distribution
Multinomial distribution (Example 1)
Poisson distribution
Poisson distribution chart (Figure 1)
Poisson distribution (Example 1)
Inverse Poisson distribution (Example 2)
Confidence interval for the mean
Runs
Probability of a run of at least 6 heads (Example 1)
Probability of a run of exactly 6 heads (Figure 2)
Probability of a run of at least 6 heads or tails (Example 2)
Power of binomial distribution

Power of one-tailed test (Example 1)
Power curve for Example 1
Power of two-tailed test (Example 2)
Sample size requirement (Example 3)
Other Key Distributions
Gamma distribution
Time to k events (Example 1)
Exponential distribution
Chart of exponential distribution (Figure 1)
Time to first event (Example 1)
Time to first event + MTTF (Example 2)
Product reliability acceptance test (Example 3)
Uniform distribution
Uniform distribution (Example 2)
Weibull distribution
Weibull distribution (Example 1)
Distribution Fitting via Method of Moments

Exponential distribution (Example 1)
Weibull distribution using Newton's Method
Distribution Fitting via Max Likelihood

Weibull distrubution via Solver
Weibull distrubution via Newton's Method
Beta distribution
Distribution Fitting via Regression

Weibull distribution
Basic concepts of the t distribution
Chart of t distribution (Figure 1)
Examples of equivalent functions (Figure 5)
One sample hypothesis testing of the mean when population variance is unknown
One sample t test (Example 1)
Test for symmetry with box plot (Figure 2)
One sample t test (Example 2)
Test for symmetry with histogram and descriptive stats (Figure 4)
Real Statistics one sample t test data analysis tool (Figure 5)
Confidence interval for t distribution (Example 3)
Cohen's effect size (Example 4)
Power for given mean, one-tailed test (Example 5)
Power curve (Figure 8)
Power, one-tailed test, given mean (Figure 14)
Power, based on effect size, alpha and sample size (Example 6a)
Effect size needed to achieve power goal, based on alpha and sample size (Example 6b)
Sample size needed to achieve power goal, based on effect size and alpha (Example 6c)
Power for two-tailed test
Two sample hypothesis testing of the means when variances are unknown but equal
Two independent sample t test, equal variance (Example 1)
Two sample data analysis tool with equal variance (Figure 2)
Two independent sample t test, equal variance (Example 2)
Effect size (example 3)
Two sample hypothesis testing of the means when variances are unknown but unequal
Two independent sample t test, unequal variance (Example 1)
Two independent samples, unequal variance (Example 2)
Two independent sample t test, unequal variance (Example 2)
Two sample data analysis tool with unequal variance (Figure 2)
Two sample Real Statistics data analysis tool (Example 3)
Two sample hypothesis testing of the means with paired samples

Two paired samples t test (Example 1)
Two paired samples Real Statistics data analysis tool (Figure 4)
Two paired samples data analysis tool (Figure 5)
Two paired samples data analysis tool with missing data (Example 2)
Comparing paired and independent approaches (Figure 7 and 8)
One sample data analysis (Example 3)
Noncentral t distribution and power

Chart of the distribution (Figure 1)
Chart of the distribution (Figure 2)
One sample test (Example 1)
Paired samples (Example 3)
Two independent samples (Example 4)
Calculating sample size (Example 5)
Confidence interval for effect size (Example 6)
Confidence interval for power (Example 7)
Testing of Coefficient of Variation

One sample testing (Example 1)
Two sample testing Example 2)
Testing for Outliers

Grubbs' Test (Example 1)
Extension to Grubbs' Test (Example 2)
Chi-square Distribution
Chi-square distribution
Chart of chi-square distribution (Figure 1)
Examples of equivalent chi-square functions
Single sample hypothesis testing of variance

One sample testing of variance (Example 1)
One sample testing of variance (Example 2)
Power (Example 3)
Sample size required (Example 4)
Goodness of fit
Chi-square goodness of fit (Example 1)
Index of dispersion (Example 5)
Independence testing
Chi-square independence testing (Example 1)
Chi-square independence testing (Example 2)
Chi-square Real Statistics data analysis tool (Figure 3)
Chi-square independence testing using standard format (Example 4)
Fisher exact test

Fisher exact test (Example 1)
Fisher exact test (Example 2)
Effect size for chi-square

Cramer's V effect size (Figure 1)
Odds ratio effect size (Example 1)
Fisher exact test
Noncentral chi-square distribution and Power

Chart of the noncentral chi-square distribution (Figure 1)
Inverse function
Power for goodness of fit (Example 1)
Sample size for independence testing (Example 2)
Confidence interval for effect size and power (Example 3)
F Distribution
Basic concepts of the F distribution

Example of the various functions (Figure 1)
Two sample hypothesis testing to compare variances

F-Test two-sample for variances (Example 1)
F-Test Two-Sample for Variances data analysis tool (Figure 2)
Power for two sample variance test, 1 tail (Example 2)
Power for two sample variance test, 2 tail (Example 3)
Sample size for two-sample variance test (Example 4)
Examples 2-4 using Excel 2007
Noncentral F distribution and Power

Chart of the noncentral F distribution (Figure 1)
Noncentral distribution and inverse functions
Results of Marketing Campaign
(sales in millions of euros)
Brand A Brand B Brand C

Marketing Campaign Results
London 23.5 12.3 15 35
Paris 13.8 8.1 5.5 30
Sales (millions of euros)

Rome 17.3 4.5 6.9 25
Madrid 14.8 6.8 2.7 20 Brand A
Brand B
Vienna 7.2 4.2 1.6 15
Brand C
Berlin 29.5 21.4 11.6 10
Total 106.1 57.3 43.3 5
0
London Paris Rome Madrid Vienna Berlin
City
aign Results
Brand A
Brand B
Brand C
rid Vienna Berlin

Average Income by Age
Age Income
31 23500 Average Income by Age
32 24000
45,000
33 25000
40,000
Income ($000)
34 26700
35,000
35 27500
30,000
36 29200 25,000
37 33000 20,000
38 35100 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
39 37400 Age
40 39500
Average Income and Rent by Age
Age Income Rent

31 23500 6000
Average Income/Rent by Age
32 24000 6500 45,000
33 25000 7000 40,000
35,000
34 26700 4500
30,000
Amount ($000)
35 27500 6000 25,000 Income
36 29200 7500 20,000 Rent
37 33000 8000 15,000
38 35100 9000 10,000
5,000
39 37400 7000
0
40 39500 12000 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Age
Age Income Rent Income

31 23500 6000
45000
32 24000 6500
33 25000 7000 40000
34 26700 4500 35000
35 27500 6000 30000
25000 Income
36 29200 7500
37 33000 8000 20000
38 35100 9000 15000
39 37400 7000 10000
40 39500 12000 5000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
45000
ge 40000
35000
30000
25000
Income Income
20000 Rent
Rent
15000
10000
5000
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Income
0
Scatter Chart
Revenue Growth
Year Revenue
16
1 5
14
2 7
12
3 4
Revenue ($000)
4 8 10
5 10 8
6 14 6
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Year
Year Revenue Revenue Growth
1 5 20
3 4 18
2 7 16
4 8 14
Revenue ($000)
12
7 18
10
6 14
8
6
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Year
wth
5 6 7 8
Step Chart Duplicated Sorted Modified
Year Revenue Year Revenue #NAME? #NAME? Year Revenue

1 5 1 5 #NAME? #NAME? 1 5
2 7 2 7 #NAME? #NAME? 2 5
3 4 3 4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 7
4 8 4 8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 7
5 10 5 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 4
6 14 6 14 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 4
2 7 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 8
6 14 #NAME? #NAME? 6 14
Revenue Growth
16
14
12
Revenues ($000)
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Year
Equipment Sales
Unit Price Quantity Revenue

Desks 500 40 20000
Lamps 80 30 2400
Chairs 150 130 19500
Pen Sets 60 70 4200
Transpose
Area Code Population Area Code 345 378 678 712 815
345 230000 Population 230000 340000 145000 235900 195000
378 340000
678 145000
712 235900
815 195000
Sort and Filter Sort by Income
Person Gender Age Income Person Gender Age Income

Mary F 35 45000 Jane F 45 30000
Bob M 40 40000 Jim M 55 35000
Jim M 55 35000 Alan M 40 35000
Betty F 25 80000 Steve M 30 35000
Alan M 40 35000 Bob M 40 40000
Debra F 40 45000 Mary F 35 45000
Dave M 60 60000 Debra F 40 45000
Steve M 30 35000 Dave M 60 60000
Jane F 45 30000 Betty F 25 80000
Filter
Person Gender Age Income Person Gender Age Income

Mary F 35 45000 Mary F 35 45000
Bob M 40 40000 Bob M 40 40000
Jim M 55 35000 Jim M 55 35000
Alan M 40 35000 Alan M 40 35000
Debra F 40 45000 Debra F 40 45000
Steve M 30 35000 Steve M 30 35000
Sort by Income/Person Remove Duplicates
Person Gender Age Income Income

Jane F 45 30000 45000
Alan M 40 35000 40000
Jim M 55 35000 35000
Steve M 30 35000 80000
Bob M 40 40000 60000
Debra F 40 45000 30000
Mary F 35 45000
Dave M 60 60000
Betty F 25 80000
Goal Seek
x^2 10.99999 x^2 11.00002

x 3.316624 x -3.31663
Reformat data in a range
Input range Reshape Reverse Sort
3 5 8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

15 A #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5 A 0 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
12 B 8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
COUNTU 6
COUNTAU 8
Sort and Extract Unique
Sort no dupes Input Range Sort Unique Extract Unique
#NAME? Russia Italy #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? Germany France #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? Italy Russia #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? France Spain #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Reformat data in a range
Input range Sort
3 5 8 #NAME? #NAME?
15 -1 3 #NAME? #NAME?
5 2 0 #NAME? #NAME?
12 -4 8 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Sort Rows without duplicates
Male France Rich 45 =SortRowsUnique(A3:C14) =SortRowsCount(A3:C14)

Female UK Poor 35
Male US Rich 15 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Male US Rich 40 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Female UK Rich 25 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Male US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Female France Rich 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Female UK Rich 50 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Female UK Poor 35 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Male France Poor 45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Female US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female UK Rich 40
=SortRowsUnique(A3:B14)
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
=CountRowsUnique(A3:B14)
5
Sort Rows =QSORTRows(T3:W14,4)
=SortRowsSum(A3:D14,"") Male France Rich 45 #NAME?

Female UK Poor 35 #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Male US Rich 15 #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Male US Rich 40 #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female UK Rich 25 #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Male US Poor 20 #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female France Rich 10 #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female UK Rich 50 #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female UK Poor 35 #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Male France Poor 45 #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female US Poor 20 #NAME?
Female UK Rich 40 #NAME?
=QSORTRows(T3:W14,4) =QSORTRows(T3:W14)
#NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###

Extract Columns from Data Range
State Poverty Infant Mort White Crime Doctors Traf Deaths University Unemploy
Alabama 15.7 9.0 71.0 448 218.2 1.81 22.0 5.0
Alaska 8.4 6.9 70.6 661 228.5 1.63 27.3 6.7
Arizona 14.7 6.4 86.5 483 209.7 1.69 25.1 5.5
Arkansas 17.3 8.5 80.8 529 203.4 1.96 18.8 5.1
California 13.3 5.0 76.6 523 268.7 1.21 29.6 7.2
Colorado 11.4 5.7 89.7 348 259.7 1.14 35.6 4.9
Connecticut 9.3 6.2 84.3 256 376.4 0.86 35.6 5.7
Delaware 10.0 8.3 74.3 689 250.9 1.23 27.5 4.8
Florida 13.2 7.3 79.8 723 247.9 1.56 25.8 6.2
Georgia 14.7 8.1 65.4 493 217.4 1.46 27.5 6.2
Hawaii 9.1 5.6 29.7 273 317.0 1.33 29.1 3.9
Idaho 12.6 6.8 94.6 239 168.8 1.60 24.0 4.9
Illinois 12.2 7.3 79.1 533 280.2 1.16 29.9 6.5
Indiana 13.1 8.0 88.0 334 216.9 1.26 22.9 5.9
Iowa 11.5 5.1 94.2 295 189.3 1.42 24.3 4.1
Kansas 11.3 7.1 88.7 453 222.5 1.38 29.6 4.4
Kentucky 17.3 7.5 89.9 295 232.3 1.80 19.7 6.4
Louisiana 17.3 9.9 64.8 730 262.7 2.17 20.3 4.6
Maine 12.3 6.3 96.4 118 278.4 1.22 25.4 5.4
Income State Poverty Infant MorDoctors Traf DeathIncome
42,666 Alabama 15.7 9 218.1734 1.81 42666
68,460 Alaska 8.4 6.9 228.4503 1.63 68460
50,958 Arizona 14.7 6.4 209.6666 1.69 50958
38,815 Arkansas 17.3 8.5 203.4229 1.96 38815
61,021 California 13.3 5 268.6906 1.21 61021
56,993 Colorado 11.4 5.7 259.6861 1.14 56993
68,595 Connecticu 9.3 6.2 376.3753 0.86 68595
57,989 Delaware 10 8.3 250.9418 1.23 57989
47,778 Florida 13.2 7.3 247.8636 1.56 47778
50,861 Georgia 14.7 8.1 217.4457 1.46 50861
67,214 Hawaii 9.1 5.6 316.9829 1.33 67214
47,576 Idaho 12.6 6.8 168.8339 1.6 47576
56,235 Illinois 12.2 7.3 280.1539 1.16 56235
47,966 Indiana 13.1 8 216.9397 1.26 47966
48,980 Iowa 11.5 5.1 189.2832 1.42 48980
50,177 Kansas 11.3 7.1 222.5477 1.38 50177
41,538 Kentucky 17.3 7.5 232.3485 1.8 41538
43,733 Louisiana 17.3 9.9 262.6615 2.17 43733
46,581 Maine 12.3 6.3 278.3948 1.22 46581
Select Columns =SelectCols(A3:D14,"2,3,1") =SelectCols(A3:D14,"3,2,1,4",1)
Male France Rich 45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Female UK Poor 35 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Male US Rich 15 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Male US Rich 40 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female UK Rich 25 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Male US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female France Rich 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female UK Poor 35 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Male France Poor 45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
ols(A3:D14,"3,2,1,4",1)
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
Miscellaneous Real Statistics Functions
5.1 Excel 2013/2016 =VER()

15.0 =ExcelVer()
=ExcelVer() =FTEXT(B4)
E =ColLabel(5)
AX =ColLabel(50)
VDX =ColLabel(15000)
51 =COLUMN(AY1)
Real Statistics Step Chart
Year Area A Area B Area C Step Chart

1 5 8 3
30
2 7 10 5
3 4 15 10 25
4 8 17 10 20
5 10 20 15
Revenue
15
6 14 25 20
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Year
Chart
Area A
Area B
Area C
4 5 6 7
Probability calculation
n 12
p 0.166667
1-p 0.833333
(1-p)^n 0.112157
1-(1-p)^n 0.887843
Frequency/Distribution Functions
x f(x) F(x) Frequency Function f(x)

1 0.12 0.12 =B4
0.30
2 0.25 0.37 =B5+C4
3 0.08 0.45 =B6+C5 0.25
4 0.14 0.59 =B7+C6 0.20
5 0.09 0.68 =B8+C7 0.15
6 0.18 0.86 =B9+C8 0.10
7 0.09 0.95 =B10+C9
0.05
8 0.05 1.00 =B11+C10
0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(3) 0.08 =PROB(A4:A11,B4:B11,3)

P(x 5) 0.68 =PROB(A4:A11,B4:B11,,5)
P(3 x 5) 0.31 =PROB(A4:A11,B4:B11,3,5)
ency Function f(x) Distribution Function F(x)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency Function FREQTABLE function
nodupe
14 x freq f(x) #NAME? x freq f(x) Item
18 12 2 0.1667 #NAME? 12 2 0.1667 #NAME?
13 13 3 0.25 #NAME? 13 3 0.25 #NAME?
12 14 1 0.0833 #NAME? 14 1 0.0833 #NAME?
18 16 2 0.1667 #NAME? 16 2 0.1667 #NAME?
12 18 4 0.3333 #NAME? 18 4 0.3333 #NAME?
13 12 #NAME? 12
13 #NAME?
16 #NAME?
18 #NAME?
18 #NAME?
16 #NAME?
FREQTABLE function Frequency Table data analysis tool
freq prob Frequency Table

Histogram
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? item freq prob 4.5
#NAME? #NAME? ### 2 0.166667 4
3.5
#NAME? #NAME? ### 3 0.25
3
#NAME? #NAME? ### 1 0.083333
Frequency
2.5
### 2 0.166667 2
### 4 0.333333 1.5
12 1 1
0.5
0
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #N
Bin
Histogram
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Bin
Measures of Central Tendency
Data 1 Data 2 Data 3

5 5 5
2 2 2
-1 -1 -1
3 3 3 Data 4 Data 5 Data 6
7 7 7 50 1.05 5
5 5 8 80 1.05 2
0 0 0 1.1 -1
2 6 1.1 0
AVERAGE 3 2.875 3.75 HARMEAN 61.53846 1.074419 Err:502
MEDIAN 3 2.5 4 GEOMEAN 63.24555 1.074709 Err:502
MODE 5 5 #VALUE!
MODE.SNGL 5 5 #VALUE!
MODE.MULT 5 2 #VALUE!
5 5 #VALUE!
5 5 5
2 2 2
-1 -1 -1
3 3 3
7 7 7
5 5 8
0 0 0
2 6
count #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

mean #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
sum #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Geometric Mean
If you earn 5% interest in year 1, 8% in year 2 and 10% interest in year 3, the average interest is given by the geometric mean
Interest - year 1 0.05

Return from year 1 1.05

Return after year 1 1.0500

Average annual return 1.0765

Average interest 0.0765
Total return 1.2474
0.0765
1.334025
0.07470926
0.07470926
% in year 2 and 10% interest in year 3, the average interest is given by the geometric mean
Int1
Int2
Int3
= 1 + Int1
= 1 + Int2
= 1 + Int3
= 1 + Int1
= (1 + Int1) * (1 + Int2)
= (1 + Int1) * (1 + Int2) * (1 + Int3)
= SQRT((1 + Int1) * (1 + Int2) * (1 + Int3)) = GEOMEAN(1 + Int1, 1+ Int2, 1 + Int3)

= 1 - Average annual return
= (1 + Average Interest) ^ 3 = Return after 3 years as calculated above
= GEOMEAN(1.05,1.08,1.1) - 1
= (1.05)(1.05)(1.1)(1.1)
= 1.334025 ^ 0.25 -1
= GEOMEAN(1.05,1.05,1.1,1.1) - 1
Measures of Variability
5 5
2 2
-1 -1
3 3
4 4
5 5
0 0
2 2
AVERAGE 2.5 MEDIAN 2.5

count
VAR.S = VAR 4.857143 MAD 2 mean
VAR.P = VARP 4.25 variance
MIN -1 stdev
STDEV.S = STDEV 2.203893 MAX 5
STDEV.P = STDEVP 2.061553 RNG 6
DEVSQ 34 INC EXC

Q1 1.5 0.5
AVEDEV 1.75 Q3 4.25 4.75
IQR 2.75 4.25
5 5 5
2 2 2
-1 -1 -1
3 3 3
7 7 7
5 5 8
0 0 0
2 6

Combined sample
sample 1 sample 2 combined

3 6 3
4 1 4
6 5 6
7 7
6
1
5
sample 1 sample 2 combined
size 4 3 7 7
mean 5 4 4.5714286 4.5714286
var 3.3333333 7 4.2857143 4.2857143
stdev 1.8257419 2.6457513 2.0701967 2.0701967
Combining multiple samples
n x s2 x nxx2 (n-1)s2 x2
Sample 1 23 12 100 276 3312 2200 5512
Sample 2 15 14 144 210 2940 2016 4956
Sample 3 20 15 256 300 4500 4864 9364
58 13.55172 161.0587 786 10752 9080 19832
13.55172 161.0587 786 10752 9080 19832

Skewness and Kurtosis
SKEW -0.42705 =SKEW(B4:B11)

2 KURT -0.93979 =KURT(B4:B11)
5
-1 n 8 =COUNT(B4:B11)
3
4 SKEWP -0.3424 =SKEW.P(B4:B11)
5 -0.3424 =SKEWP(B4:B11)
0 -0.3424 =E3*(E6-2)/SQRT(E6*(E6-1))
2
KURTP -1.11419 =KURTP(B4:B11)
-1.11419 =(KURT(B4:B11)*(E6-2)*(E6-3)/(E6-1)-6)/(E6+1)
Ranking Percentile
Data Rank Reverse
4 4 3 3 %-INC
0 0 4 2 0.00 -1
-1 -1 5 1 0.25 0
7 7 1 5 0.50 4
5 5 2 4 0.75 5
1.00 7
MIN -1 Data Rank Reverse
MAX 7 1 4 2 0.45 3.2
k 5 2.5 3.5 0.80 5.4
SMALL 1 -1 5 2.5 3.5
2 0 0 5 1
3 4 8 1 5 PercentRank
4 5
5 7 Data Rank Reverse INC
1 6 2 5 0.75
LARGE k 5 4 4 5.4 0.8
1 7 5 4 4 0.85 0.30312
2 5 0 7 1
3 4 8 1.5 6.5
4 0 8 1.5 6.5
5 -1 5 4 4
Quartile
%-EXC Q-INC Q-EXC

Err:502 0 -1 Err:502
-0.5 1 0 -0.5
4 2 4 4
6 3 5 6
Err:502 4 7 Err:502
2.8
6.6
PercentRank
EXC
0.66666
0.7
0.36875
Rank and Percentile Data analysis tool
Scores 54 67 34 54 94 55 32 45 87 64 39 60 Point
5
9
2
10
12
6
1
4
8
11
3
7
Data analysis tool PERCENTRANK and PERCENTRANK.EXC PERCENTILE
Scores Rank Percent Scores Rank %-INC %-EXC Percentile

94 1 100.00% 94 1 100.00% 92.30% 0%
87 2 90.90% 87 2 90.90% 84.60% 10%
67 3 81.80% 67 3 81.80% 76.90% 20%
64 4 72.70% 64 4 72.70% 69.20% 30%
60 5 63.60% 60 5 63.60% 61.50% 40%
55 6 54.50% 55 6 54.50% 53.80% 50%
54 7 36.30% 54 7 36.36% 38.50% 60%
54 7 36.30% 54 7 36.36% 38.50% 70%
45 9 27.20% 45 9 27.27% 30.77% 80%
39 10 18.10% 39 10 18.18% 23.08% 90%
34 11 9.00% 34 11 9.09% 15.38% 100%
32 12 0.00% 32 12 0.00% 7.69%
PERCENTILE PERCENTILE.EXC
Score Percentile Score

32 0% Err:502
34.5 10% 32.6
40.2 20% 37
47.7 30% 44.4
54 40% 54
54.5 50% 54.5
58 60% 59
62.8 70% 64.3
66.4 80% 75
85 90% 91.9
94 100% Err:504
Real Statistics RANK_AVG function
S1 S2 S1 - S2 RANK.AVGRANK_AVG
34.1 21.7 12.4 1 1 #NAME? 1
36.7 31.2 5.5 5 6 #NAME? #NAME?
12.1 15.9 -3.8 10 10 #NAME? #NAME?
15.8 11.3 4.5 8 8 #NAME? #NAME?
22.9 17.4 5.5 6.5 6 #NAME? #NAME?
40.0 30.4 9.6 2 2 #NAME? #NAME?
22.9 20.5 2.4 9 9 #NAME? #NAME?
19.5 10.2 9.3 3 3 #NAME? #NAME?
28.8 20.0 8.8 4 4 #NAME? #NAME?
30.6 25.1 5.5 6.5 6 #NAME? #NAME?
12.4 7 1
Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool
Scores Scores Calculations using Excel functions

23
38 Mean 30.81818 Mean 30.81818
45 Standard Error 4.931933 Standard Error 4.931933
21 Median 23 Median 23
17 Mode 21 Mode 21
21 Standard Deviation 16.35737 Standard Deviation 16.35737
8 Sample Variance 267.5636 Sample Variance 267.5636
61 Kurtosis -0.54713 Kurtosis -0.54713
21 Skewness 0.625139 Skewness 0.625139
52 Range 53 Range 53
32 Minimum 8 Minimum 8
Maximum 61 Maximum 61
Sum 339 Sum 339
Count 11 Count 11
Geometric mean 26.75472
Harmonic mean 22.65373
AAD 13.43802
MAD 9
IQR 20.5
Real Statistics Descriptive Statistics
Calculation of MAD
Scores
|xi - median(xi)| Mean 30.81818
0 Standard Error 4.931933
15 Median 23
22 Mode 21
2 Standard Deviation 16.35737
6 Sample Variance 267.5636
2 Kurtosis -0.54713
15 Skewness 0.625139
38 Range 53
2 Minimum 8
29 Maximum 61
9 Sum 339
Count 11
Geometric Mean 26.75472
Harmonic Mean 22.65373 INC EXC
AAD 13.43802 Q1 21 21
MAD 9 Q3 41.5 45
IQR 20.5 IQR 20.5 24
Two sample example using Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample 2

19 12
41 27 Mean 30.46154 Mean 30.61538
29 18 Standard Error 4.673459 Standard Error 5.447345
18 23 Median 29 Median 27
8 72 Mode 29 Mode 27
29 27 Standard Deviation 16.8504 Standard Deviation 19.64068
11 27 Sample Variance 283.9359 Sample Variance 385.7564
59 53 Kurtosis -1.15073 Kurtosis 0.062841
41 3 Skewness 0.265601 Skewness 0.78698
48 45 Range 51 Range 69
53 53 Minimum 8 Minimum 3
29 13 Maximum 59 Maximum 72
11 25 Sum 396 Sum 398
Count 13 Count 13
Real Statistics - IQR using QUARTILE Real Statistics - IQR using QUARTILE.EXC
Descriptive Statistics Descriptive Statistics
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample 2

Mean 30.46154 30.61538 Mean 30.46154 30.61538
Standard Error 4.673459 5.447345 Standard Error 4.673459 5.447345
Median 29 27 Median 29 27
Mode 29 27 Mode 29 27
Standard Deviation 16.8504 19.64068 Standard Deviation 16.8504 19.64068
Sample Variance 283.9359 385.7564 Sample Variance 283.9359 385.7564
Kurtosis -1.15073 0.062841 Kurtosis -1.15073 0.062841
Skewness 0.265601 0.78698 Skewness 0.265601 0.78698
Range 51 69 Range 51 69
Minimum 8 3 Maximum 59 72
Maximum 59 72 Minimum 8 3
Sum 396 398 Sum 396 398
Count 13 13 Count 13 13
Geometric Mean 25.60867 23.98142 Geometric Mean 25.60867 23.98142
Harmonic Mean 20.83719 15.90055 Harmonic Mean 20.83719 15.90055
AAD 13.79882 15.46746 AAD 13.79882 15.46746
MAD 12 14 MAD 12 14
IQR 23 27 IQR 30 33.5
Mean and Variance based on Frequency Tables
data x freq x f fx fx2

2 2 4 2 4 8 16
2 3 1 3 1 3 9
2 4 2 4 2 8 32
2 5 1 5 1 5 25
3 8 24 82
4 Frequency Function
4 fx n xx
5 x f(x) 24 8 3 3
2 0.5
3 0.125 fx2 n xx2 var
4 0.25 82 8 9 1.4286 1.428571
5 0.125
mean 3
var 1.428571
SS 82
=SUMPRODUCT(F4:F7,G4:G7)/SUM(G4:G7)
=(SUMPRODUCT(F4:F7^2,G4:G7)-SUM(G4:G7)*K11^2)/(SUM(G4:G7)-1)
lower upper f midpt fx fx2
0 4 3 2 6 12
4 10 1 7 7 49
10 20 2 15 30 450
20 30 1 25 25 625
7 68 1136
fx n xx
68 7 9.7143
fx2 n xx2 var

1136 7 94.367 79.238
Conversion from frequency table Real Statistics data analysis tool
Frequency Table Raw Data (with duplicates) Frequency Table
Score Freq Cum Score Row Count Score Freq

5.0 1 1 5.0 1 0 5.0 1
5.1 1 2 5.1 2 0 5.1 1
5.2 3 5 5.2 3 2 5.2 3
5.5 2 7 5.2 3 1 5.5 2
5.6 1 8 5.2 3 0 5.6 1
5.7 4 12 5.5 4 1 5.7 4
5.8 3 15 5.5 4 0 5.8 3
5.6 5 0
5.7 6 3
5.7 6 2
5.7 6 1
5.7 6 0
5.8 7 2
5.8 7 1
5.8 7 0
Alternative Version
Frequency Table
Score Freq Cum

5.0 1 1
5.1 1 2
5.2 3 5
5.5 2 7
5.6 1 8
5.7 4 12
5.8 3 #REF!
Raw Data (with duplicates)
Score Row Count

5.0 27 0
5.1 28 0
5.2 29 2
5.2 29 1
5.2 29 0
5.5 30 1
5.5 30 0
5.6 31 0
5.7 32 3
5.7 32 2
5.7 32 1
5.7 32 0
5.8 33 2
5.8 33 1
5.8 33 0
tistics data analysis tool
Mean 5.5
Standard Error 0.07303
Median 5.6
Mode 5.7
Standard Deviation 0.282843
Sample Variance 0.08
Kurtosis -1.31044
Skewness -0.56821
Range 0.8
Maximum 5.8
Minimum 5.0
Sum 82.5
Count 15
Harmonic Mean 5.486055
AAD 0.24
MAD 0.2
IQR 0.5
=M16/M17
=M9/SQRT(M17)
=MEDIAN(FREQ2RAW(I6:I12,J6:J12))
=IF(COUNTIF(J6:J12,MAX(J6:J12))>1,#N/A,SUMIF(J6:J12,MAX(J6:J12),I6:I12))
=SQRT(M10)
=SUMPRODUCT((I6:I12-M5)^2,J6:J12)/(M17-1)
=M17*(M17+1)*SUMPRODUCT((I6:I12-M5)^4,J6:J12)/((M17-1)*(M17-2)*(M17-3)*M10^2)-3*(M17-1)^2/((M17-2)*(M17-3))
=M17*SUMPRODUCT((I6:I12-M5)^3,J6:J12)/((M17-1)*(M17-2)*M9^3)
=M14-M15
=MAX(I6:I12)
=MIN(I6:I12)
=SUMPRODUCT(I6:I12,J6:J12)
=SUM(J6:J12)
=PRODUCT(I6:I12^J6:J12)^(1/M17)
=M17/SUMPRODUCT(1/I6:I12*J6:J12)
=SUMPRODUCT(ABS(I6:I12-M5),J6:J12)/M17
=MAD(FREQ2RAW(I6:I12,J6:J12))
=IQR(FREQ2RAW(I6:I12,J6:J12))
Frequency Table Descriptive Statistics Raw Data
Score Freq Mean 5.5 #NAME?

5.0 1 Standard Error 0.07303 #NAME?
5.1 1 Median 5.6 #NAME?
5.2 3 Mode 5.7 #NAME?
5.5 2 Standard Deviation 0.282843 #NAME?
5.6 1 Sample Variance 0.08 #NAME?
5.7 4 Kurtosis -1.31044 #NAME?
5.8 3 Skewness -0.56821 #NAME?
Range 0.8 #NAME?
Maximum 5.8 #NAME?
Minimum 5.0 #NAME?
Sum 82.5 #NAME?
Count 15 #NAME?
Geometric Mean 5.493087 #NAME?
Harmonic Mean 5.486055 #NAME?
AAD 0.24
MAD 0.2
IQR 0.5
Frequency Table
Scores Bins Count

34 20 20 6
45 34 40 10
23 29 60 2
22 12 80 3
7 72 over 80 1
34 23
9 10
66 14
29 23
67 24
44 90
Histogram data analysis tool
Bin Frequency
20 6 Histogram
40 10
15
60 2
10
Frequency
80 3
Frequency
More 1 5
0
20 40 60 80 More
Bin
Using FREQTABLE with bin size 15 Using Frequency Table data analysis tool
item freq cum Frequency Table

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Bin size 15
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 9
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? item freq cum 8
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0 7
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 15 5 5 6
Frequency
4
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 45 5 18
3
60 0 18 2
75 3 21 1
90 1 22 0
15 3
Using FREQTABLE with bin size 15 Frequency Table

and max bin value 100
Bin size 15
item freq cum 9
8
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? item freq cum
7
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? -5
6
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 10 3 3
Frequency
5
10 25
100 1 22
Histogram
9
8
7
6
Frequency
5
4
3
2
1
0
15 30 45 60 75 90
Bin
Histogram
9
8
7
6
Frequency
5
4
3
2
1
0
10 25 40 55 70 85 100
Bin
Boxplot (aka box and whiskers plot) Using QUARTILE
Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand A Brand B Brand C 1400

1020 840 1430 Min 380 300 430
1560 940 1750 Q1-Min 142.5 185 342.5 1200
560 780 870 Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5
1000
780 650 920 Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
990 720 1300 Max-Q3 597.5 1025 512.5 800
670 430 890
510 1850 740 600
490 300 720
380 360 430 400
880 690 1050
200
0
Brand A
Using QUARTILE.EXC and Real S
Box Plot

Min 380 300 430
Q1-Min 125 112.5 305 1400
Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5 1200
Q3-Med 272.5 160 427.5
1000
Max-Q3 562.5 985 417.5
800
600
400
200
0
Brand A
Using QUARTILE
1400 Brand A Brand B Brand C

Min 380 300 430
1200 Q1-Min 142.5 185 342.5
Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5
1000
Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
800 Max-Q3 597.5 1025 512.5
600
400
200
0
Using QUARTILE.EXC and Real Statistics data analysis tool
Box Plot
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Boxplot - Alternative Approach Using QUARTILE
Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand A Brand B Brand C 1400

1020 840 1430 Q1 522.5 485 772.5
1560 940 1750 Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5 1200
560 780 870 Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
1000
780 650 920 Q1-Min 142.5 785 342.5
990 720 1300 Max-Q3 597.5 1025 512.5 800
670 430 890
510 1850 740 600
490 -300 720
380 360 430 400
880 690 1050
200
0
Brand A
Using QUARTILE.EXC
Brand A Brand B Brand C 1600

Q1 505 412.5 735
1400
Med-Q1 220 292.5 170
Q3-Med 272.5 160 427.5 1200
Q1-Min 125 712.5 305
Max-Q3 562.5 985 417.5 1000
800
600
400
200
0
Brand A
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Boxplot - Approach for Negative Data Using QUARTILE
Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand A Brand B Brand C

1020 840 1430 Min 380 -300 430
1560 940 1750 Q1-Min 142.5 785 342.5
560 780 870 Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5
780 650 920 Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
990 720 1300 Max-Q3 597.5 1025 512.5
670 430 890
510 1850 740
490 -300 720
380 360 430
880 690 1050
Brand A
Using QUARTILE.EXC

Min 380 -300 430
Q1-Min 125 712.5 305
Med-Q1 445 352.5 505
Q3-Med 272.5 160 427.5
Max-Q3 562.5 985 417.5
Brand A

Boxplot (aka box and whiskers plot)
Box Plot
1020 840 1430 Brand A Brand B Brand C Bo
1560 940 1750 Lower 380 300 430
2000
560 780 870 Q1-Lower 142.5 185 342.5
1800
780 650 920 Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5
1600
990 720 1300 Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
1400
670 430 890 Upper-Q3 597.5 115 512.5
1200
510 1850 740
1000
490 300 720 Lower 380 300 430
800
380 360 430 Q1 522.5 485 772.5
600
880 690 1050 Median 725 705 905
400
Q3 962.5 825 1237.5
200
Upper 1560 940 1750 0
Mean 784 756 1010 Brand A
Grand Min 0
Box Plot

Boxplot - Approach for Negative Data
Box Plot
1020 840 1430 Brand A Brand B Brand C B
1560 940 1750 Lower 380 360 430 2000
560 780 870 Q1-Lower 142.5 125 342.5
780 650 920 Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5 1500
990 720 1300 Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
670 430 890 Upper-Q3 597.5 115 512.5
1000
510 1850 740
490 -300 720 Lower 380 360 430
500
380 360 430 Q1 522.5 485 772.5
880 690 1050 Median 725 705 905
Q3 962.5 825 1237.5 0
Brand A
Upper 1560 940 1750
Mean 784 696 1010 -500
Grand Min 0
Indentifying Outliers

Box Plot
1850
-300

Boxplot - Approach for Negative Data
Brand A Brand B Brand C Box Plot

1650 -50 1430 Brand A Brand B Brand C Adjusted Box Plo
1560 940 1750 Lower 720 0 480
1260 780 870 Q1-Lower 87.5 427.5 342.5 1400
780 450 920 Med-Q1 82.5 192.5 132.5 1200
990 720 1300 Q3-Med 352.5 195 332.5
1000
670 430 890 Upper-Q3 457.5 175 512.5
800 1850 740 800
750 -300 720 Lower 670 -50 430 600
50 360 430 Q1 757.5 377.5 772.5
880 690 1050 Median 840 570 905 400
Q3 1192.5 765 1237.5 200
Upper 1650 940 1750
0
Mean 939 587 1010 Brand A Brand B
Grand Min -50

Identifying Outliers

Adjusted Box Plot -50
1900
-250
100

ROC and Classification Table
ROC Table
Dosage
Observed
Lives Dies
Cumulative
Lives Dies FPR TPR AUC
RO
0 0 1 1 0.064516 1
Fail-Pred
0.9
less than 2.00 34 3 34 3 0.935484 0.989247 0.118259 Suc-Pred
0.8
2.00 - 3.99 63 7 97 10 0.815939 0.964158 0.160998 0.7
True Positive Rate

4.00 - 5.99 88 11 185 21 0.648956 0.924731 0.184244 0.6
6.00 - 7.99 105 14 290 35 0.449715 0.874552 0.204117 0.5
Accuracy
0.4
8.00 - 9.99 123 23 413 58 0.216319 0.792115 0.142791
0.3
10.00 - 11.99 95 60 508 118 0.036053 0.577061 0.009855 Cutoff
0.2
12.00 - 13.99 9 75 517 193 0.018975 0.308244 0.003509 0.1
14.00 - 15.99 6 41 523 234 0.00759 0.16129 0.001224 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3
16.00 -17.99 4 30 527 264 0 0.053763 0
18.00 or more 0 15 527 279 0 0 0
527 279 0.889515
Estimating AUC using rectangles
ROC Table
Dosage Lives Dies Index Lives Dies FPR TPR AUC

less than 2.00 34 3 0 0 0 1 1 0.064516
2.00 - 3.99 63 7 1 34 3 0.935484 0.989247 0.118259
4.00 - 5.99 88 11 2 97 10 0.815939 0.964158 0.160998
6.00 - 7.99 105 14 3 185 21 0.648956 0.924731 0.184244
8.00 - 9.99 123 23 4 290 35 0.449715 0.874552 0.204117
10.00 - 11.99 95 60 5 413 58 0.216319 0.792115 0.142791
12.00 - 13.99 9 75 6 508 118 0.036053 0.577061 0.009855
14.00 - 15.99 6 41 7 517 193 0.018975 0.308244 0.003509
16.00 -17.99 4 30 8 523 234 0.00759 0.16129 0.001224
18.00 or more 0 15 9 527 264 0 0.053763 0
527 279 10 527 279 0 0 0
0.889515
Estimating AUC using trapezoids
ROC Table
Dosage Lives Dies Index Lives Dies FPR TPR AUC

less than 2.00 34 3 0 0 0 1 1 0.064169
2.00 - 3.99 63 7 1 34 3 0.935484 0.989247 0.11676
4.00 - 5.99 88 11 2 97 10 0.815939 0.964158 0.157706
6.00 - 7.99 105 14 3 185 21 0.648956 0.924731 0.179245
8.00 - 9.99 123 23 4 290 35 0.449715 0.874552 0.194497
10.00 - 11.99 95 60 5 413 58 0.216319 0.792115 0.123408
12.00 - 13.99 9 75 6 508 118 0.036053 0.577061 0.00756
14.00 - 15.99 6 41 7 517 193 0.018975 0.308244 0.002673
16.00 -17.99 4 30 8 523 234 0.00759 0.16129 0.000816
18.00 or more 0 15 9 527 264 0 0.053763 0
527 279 10 527 279 0 0 0
0.846834
ROC Curve
Fail-Obs Suc-Obs
1 413 58 471
0.9 114 221 335
0.8
0.7 527 279 806
0.6
0.5 0.783681 0.792115 0.7866
0.4
0.3
0.2 5
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
False Positive Rate
Classification Table
Fail-Obs Suc-Obs
Fail-Pred 413 58 471
Suc-Pred 114 221 335
527 279 806
Accuracy 0.783681 0.792115 0.7866
Cutoff 5
ROC Curve
Classification Table 1
0.9
0.8
Fail-Obs Suc-Obs 0.7
rue Positive Rate
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
True Positive Rate

Fail-Pred 413 58 471 0.6
Suc-Pred 114 221 335 0.5
0.4
527 279 806
0.3
0.2
Accuracy 0.783681 0.792115 0.7866 0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Cutoff 5
False Positive Rate
C Curve
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
se Positive Rate
ROC ROC Table
Dosage Lives Dies Dosage Lives Dies FPR TPR AUC

2 34 3 0 0 1 1 0.064169
4 63 7 2 34 3 0.935484 0.989247 0.11676
6 88 11 4 97 10 0.815939 0.964158 0.157706
8 105 14 6 185 21 0.648956 0.924731 0.179245
10 123 23 8 290 35 0.449715 0.874552 0.194497
12 95 60 10 413 58 0.216319 0.792115 0.123408
14 9 75 12 508 118 0.036053 0.577061 0.00756
16 6 41 14 517 193 0.018975 0.308244 0.002673
18 4 30 16 523 234 0.00759 0.16129 0.000816
20 0 15 18 527 264 0 0.053763 0
527 279 20 527 279 0 0 0
0.846834
ROC Curve
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
True Positive Rate
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
False Positive Rate
Classification Table
Fail-Obs Suc-Obs
Fail-Pred 413 58 471
Suc-Pred 114 221 335
527 279 806
Accuracy 0.783681 0.792115 0.7866
Cutoff 10
6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Trimmed and Winsorized Data
Data Trimmed Winsorized

3 #NAME? #NAME?
4 #NAME? #NAME?
6 #NAME? #NAME?
9 #NAME? #NAME?
9 #NAME? #NAME?
3 #NAME? #NAME?
4 #NAME? #NAME?
5 #NAME? #NAME?
7 #NAME? #NAME?
5 #NAME? #NAME?
40 #NAME? #NAME?
1 #NAME? #NAME?
0 #NAME? #NAME?
8 #NAME? #NAME?
30 #NAME? #NAME?
1 #NAME? #NAME?
7 #NAME? #NAME?
5 #NAME? #NAME?
4 #NAME? #NAME?
2 #NAME? #NAME?
7.65 5.142857 5.25
5.142857 5.25
Deleting Missing Data Listwise
Poverty White Crime Doctors University Income #NAME?

Alabama 15.7 71.0 448 218.2 22.0 42,666 #NAME?
Alaska 8.4 70.6 661 228.5 27.3 68,460 #NAME?
Arizona 14.7 86.5 483 209.7 25.1 50,958 #NAME?
Arkansas 17.3 80.8 203.4 18.8 38,815 #NAME?
California 13.3 76.6 523 268.7 29.6 61,021 #NAME?
Colorado 89.7 348 259.7 35.6 56,993 #NAME?
Connecticut 9.3 84.3 256 376.4 35.6 68,595 #NAME?
Delaware 10.0 74.3 689 250.9 27.5 57,989 #NAME?
Florida 13.2 79.8 723 247.9 25.8 47,778 #NAME?
Georgia 14.7 65.4 493 217.4 27.5 50,861 #NAME?
Hawaii 9.1 29.7 273 317.0 29.1 67,214 #NAME?
Idaho 94.6 239 168.8 24.0 47,576 #NAME?
Illinois 12.2 79.1 533 280.2 29.9 56,235 #NAME?
Indiana 13.1 216.9 47,966 #NAME?
Iowa 11.5 94.2 295 189.3 24.3 48,980 #NAME?
Kansas 11.3 88.7 453 222.5 29.6 50,177 #NAME?
Kentucky 17.3 89.9 295 232.3 19.7 41,538 #NAME?
Louisiana 17.3 64.8 730 262.7 20.3 43,733 #NAME?
Maine 12.3 96.4 118 278.4 25.4 46,581 #NAME?
Number of rows without missin

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Number of rows without missing data 15

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Shannon's Index of Diversity
A B C D E Total
freq 5 8 6 2 4 25 freq
p 0.2 0.32 0.24 0.08 0.16 p
log p -0.69897 -0.49485 -0.61979 -1.09691 -0.79588 log p
H' 0.661989 H'

max H' 0.69897 max H'
J' 0.947092 J'
H' 0.661989 =LOG10(SUM(B4:F4))-SUMPRODUCT(B4:F4,LOG10(B4:F4))/SUM(B4:F4)

A B C D E Total
21 1 1 1 1 25
0.84 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
-0.07572 -1.39794 -1.39794 -1.39794 -1.39794
0.287276
0.69897
0.410999
Brillouins Index of Diversity
A B C D E Total A
freq 12 14 1 2 3 32 freq 6
log freq! 8.680337 10.94041 0 0.30103 0.778151 35.42017 log 2.857332
H 0.460008 H 0.607604
k 5 k 5
c 6 c 6
d 2 d 2
max H 0.607604 max H 0.607604
J 0.757085 J 1
Diversity Indices
# of eleme 32
# of catego 5
Shannon Brillouin Simpson Sm Sample

diversity i 1.232992 0.460008 D index 0.345703 0.324597
max index 1.609438 0.607604 1-D 0.654297 0.675403
homogenei0.766101 0.757085 1/D 2.892655 3.080745
B C D E Total
6 6 7 7 32
2.857332496 2.857332 3.702431 3.702431 35.42017
Simpson's Index of Diversity Real Statistics data analysis tool
A B C D E Total Diversity Indices

freq 5 8 6 2 4 25
p 0.2 0.32 0.24 0.08 0.16 # of elements 25
# of categories 5
D 0.232 D' 0.2
1-D 0.768 1-D' 0.8 Shannon
1/D 4.310345 1/D' 5 diversity index 1.524286
max index 1.609438
homogeneity 0.947092
ta analysis tool
Brillouin Simpson Sm Sample

1.286442 D index 0.232 0.2
1.362646 1-D 0.768 0.8
0.944077 1/D 4.3103448 5
Power
Sample size for t-test (single sample)
Alpha
Power Effect Size 0.05 0.01
0.80 0.2 199 296
0.80 0.5 34 51
0.80 0.8 15 22
0.90 0.2 265 376
0.90 0.5 44 63
0.90 0.8 19 27
0.95 0.2 327 449
0.95 0.5 54 75
0.95 0.8 23 32
Normal distribution
IQ Score f(x)
50 0.0002 =NORM.DIST(A4,100,16,FALSE)
51 0.0002 IQ Scores
52 0.0003 0.030
53 0.0003
54 0.0004 0.025
55 0.0005 0.020
56 0.0006
57 0.0007 0.015
58 0.0008 0.010
59 0.0009
60 0.0011 0.005
61 0.0013
0.000
62 0.0015
5 0 5 5 60 65 7 0 7 5 8 0 8 5 90 95 10 0 1 0 5 1 1 0 1 1 5 1 2 0 1 2 5 13 0 13 5
63 0.0017
64 0.0020
65 0.0023 IQ Example - mean = 100, std dev = 16
66 0.0026
67 0.0030
68 0.0034
69 0.0038
70 0.0043
71 0.0048
72 0.0054
73 0.0060
74 0.0067
75 0.0074
76 0.0081
77 0.0089
78 0.0097
79 0.0105
80 0.0114
81 0.0123
82 0.0132
83 0.0142
84 0.0151
85 0.0161
86 0.0170
87 0.0179
88 0.0188
89 0.0197
90 0.0205
91 0.0213
92 0.0220
93 0.0227
94 0.0232
95 0.0237
96 0.0242
97 0.0245
98 0.0247
99 0.0249
100 0.0249
101 0.0249
102 0.0247
103 0.0245
104 0.0242
105 0.0237
106 0.0232
107 0.0227
108 0.0220
109 0.0213
110 0.0205
111 0.0197
112 0.0188
113 0.0179
114 0.0170
115 0.0161
116 0.0151
117 0.0142
118 0.0132
119 0.0123
120 0.0114
121 0.0105
122 0.0097
123 0.0089
124 0.0081
125 0.0074
126 0.0067
127 0.0060
128 0.0054
129 0.0048
130 0.0043
131 0.0038
132 0.0034
133 0.0030
134 0.0026
135 0.0023
136 0.0020
137 0.0017
138 0.0015
139 0.0013
140 0.0011
141 0.0009
142 0.0008
143 0.0007
144 0.0006
145 0.0005
146 0.0004
147 0.0003
148 0.0003
149 0.0002
150 0.0002
z-scores
-3.00 0.0044
Z-Scores
-2.75 0.0091
0.45
-2.50 0.0175
0.40
-2.25 0.0317
0.35
-2.00 0.0540
0.30
-1.75 0.0863
0.25
-1.50 0.1295
0.20
-1.25 0.1826
0.15
-1.00 0.2420
0.10
-0.75 0.3011
0.05
-0.50 0.3521
0.00
-0.25 0.3867
0 0 0 0 0 0 00 50 00 50
0.00 0.3989 .0 .5 .0 .5 .0 .5 0. 0. 1. 1. 2.
-3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0
0.25 0.3867
0.50 0.3521
0.75 0.3011
1.00 0.2420
1.25 0.1826
1.50 0.1295
1.75 0.0863
2.00 0.0540
2.25 0.0317
2.50 0.0175
2.75 0.0091
3.00 0.0044
3.25 0.0020
Comparing the IQ of two populations

One with standard IQ scores, the other with a mean 16 points higher
P1 P2
52 0.0003 0.0000 IQ of Populations P1 and P2
56 0.0006 0.0000 0.030
60 0.0011 0.0001
64 0.0020 0.0001 0.025
68 0.0034 0.0003 0.020
72 0.0054 0.0006
76 0.0081 0.0011 0.015
80 0.0114 0.0020
0.010
84 0.0151 0.0034
88 0.0188 0.0054 0.005
92 0.0220 0.0081
0.000
96 0.0242 0.0114
52 60 68 76 84 9 2 1 0 0 1 0 8 11 6 12 4 13 2 14 0 1 4 8 15 6 16 4 17 2
100 0.0249 0.0151
104 0.0242 0.0188
108 0.0220 0.0220
112 0.0188 0.0242
116 0.0151 0.0249
120 0.0114 0.0242
124 0.0081 0.0220
128 0.0054 0.0188
132 0.0034 0.0151
136 0.0020 0.0114
140 0.0011 0.0081
144 0.0006 0.0054
148 0.0003 0.0034
152 0.0001 0.0020
156 0.0001 0.0011
160 0.0000 0.0006
164 0.0000 0.0003
168 0.0000 0.0001
172 0.0000 0.0001
176 0.0000 0.0000
180 0.0000 0.0000
Q Scores
0 95 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Z-Scores
0 0 00 50 00 50 00 50 00
.5 0. 0. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3.
-0
pulations P1 and P2
P1
P2
8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0
1 0 11 12 13 14 1 4 15 16 17 1 8
Normal distribution
mean 150
std dev 25
x1 145
x2 155
P(x < x1) 0.42074

P(x < x2) 0.57926
P(x1 < x < x2) 0.158519
Log-normal Distribution
mean 0 0 0
stdev 1 0.5 0.25 Log
1.8
1.6
x f(x) f(x) f(x)
1.4
0.02 0.0095 0.0000 0.0000 =LOGNORM.DIST($A7,B$3,B$4,FALSE) 1.2
0.04 0.0561 0.0000 0.0000 1.0
0.06 0.1271 0.0000 0.0000 0.8
0.08 0.2054 0.0000 0.0000 0.6
0.10 0.2816 0.0002 0.0000 0.4
0.2
0.12 0.3512 0.0008 0.0000
0.0
0.14 0.4125 0.0025 0.0000
02 16 30 44 58 72 86
0.16 0.4651 0.0060 0.0000 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1
0.18 0.5095 0.0124 0.0000 Std

0.20 0.5463 0.0224 0.0000
0.22 0.5763 0.0370 0.0000
0.24 0.6004 0.0566 0.0000
0.26 0.6193 0.0814 0.0000
0.28 0.6337 0.1115 0.0000
0.30 0.6442 0.1465 0.0000
0.32 0.6514 0.1858 0.0002
0.34 0.6557 0.2289 0.0004
0.36 0.6576 0.2748 0.0010
0.38 0.6574 0.3228 0.0023
0.40 0.6554 0.3721 0.0048
0.42 0.6520 0.4217 0.0092
0.44 0.6473 0.4710 0.0165
0.46 0.6415 0.5193 0.0279
0.48 0.6349 0.5660 0.0447
0.50 0.6275 0.6105 0.0683
0.52 0.6195 0.6524 0.1003
0.54 0.6110 0.6914 0.1417
0.56 0.6022 0.7273 0.1935
0.58 0.5930 0.7599 0.2562
0.60 0.5836 0.7891 0.3298
0.62 0.5740 0.8148 0.4136
0.64 0.5643 0.8371 0.5068
0.66 0.5545 0.8559 0.6075
0.68 0.5446 0.8714 0.7140
0.70 0.5348 0.8838 0.8239
0.72 0.5250 0.8930 0.9348
0.74 0.5152 0.8994 1.0441
0.76 0.5055 0.9030 1.1494
0.78 0.4959 0.9041 1.2485
0.80 0.4864 0.9028 1.3393
0.82 0.4770 0.8993 1.4201
0.84 0.4678 0.8938 1.4896
0.86 0.4586 0.8865 1.5468
0.88 0.4497 0.8775 1.5912
0.90 0.4408 0.8671 1.6224
0.92 0.4321 0.8553 1.6407
0.94 0.4236 0.8423 1.6464
0.96 0.4152 0.8284 1.6402
0.98 0.4070 0.8135 1.6230
1.00 0.3989 0.7979 1.5958
1.02 0.3910 0.7816 1.5596
1.04 0.3833 0.7648 1.5156
1.06 0.3757 0.7476 1.4651
1.08 0.3683 0.7301 1.4092
1.10 0.3610 0.7123 1.3490
1.12 0.3539 0.6943 1.2857
1.14 0.3470 0.6763 1.2202
1.16 0.3401 0.6582 1.1534
1.18 0.3335 0.6401 1.0862
1.20 0.3270 0.6221 1.0193
1.22 0.3206 0.6043 0.9533
1.24 0.3144 0.5866 0.8888
1.26 0.3083 0.5691 0.8261
1.28 0.3023 0.5518 0.7657
1.30 0.2965 0.5348 0.7077
1.32 0.2908 0.5181 0.6525
1.34 0.2852 0.5017 0.6002
1.36 0.2798 0.4856 0.5507
1.38 0.2745 0.4698 0.5043
1.40 0.2693 0.4544 0.4608
1.42 0.2642 0.4394 0.4202
1.44 0.2592 0.4247 0.3825
1.46 0.2544 0.4104 0.3476
1.48 0.2496 0.3964 0.3153
1.50 0.2450 0.3829 0.2856
1.52 0.2404 0.3697 0.2582
1.54 0.2360 0.3568 0.2332
1.56 0.2317 0.3444 0.2103
1.58 0.2274 0.3323 0.1894
1.60 0.2233 0.3206 0.1704
1.62 0.2192 0.3092 0.1531
1.64 0.2152 0.2982 0.1374
1.66 0.2114 0.2876 0.1231
1.68 0.2076 0.2772 0.1103
1.70 0.2039 0.2673 0.0987
1.72 0.2002 0.2576 0.0882
1.74 0.1967 0.2483 0.0788
1.76 0.1932 0.2392 0.0703
1.78 0.1898 0.2305 0.0627
1.80 0.1865 0.2221 0.0559
1.82 0.1832 0.2140 0.0498
1.84 0.1800 0.2061 0.0443
1.86 0.1769 0.1986 0.0394
1.88 0.1739 0.1913 0.0350
1.90 0.1709 0.1842 0.0311
1.92 0.1680 0.1774 0.0276
1.94 0.1651 0.1709 0.0245
1.96 0.1623 0.1646 0.0217
1.98 0.1596 0.1585 0.0193
2.00 0.1569 0.1526 0.0171
2.02 0.1542 0.1470 0.0151
2.04 0.1517 0.1415 0.0134
2.06 0.1492 0.1363 0.0119
2.08 0.1467 0.1312 0.0105
2.10 0.1443 0.1264 0.0093
2.12 0.1419 0.1217 0.0082
2.14 0.1396 0.1172 0.0073
2.16 0.1373 0.1128 0.0064
2.18 0.1351 0.1086 0.0057
2.20 0.1329 0.1046 0.0050
2.22 0.1308 0.1007 0.0044
2.24 0.1287 0.0970 0.0039
2.26 0.1266 0.0934 0.0035
2.28 0.1246 0.0900 0.0031
2.30 0.1226 0.0866 0.0027
2.32 0.1207 0.0834 0.0024
2.34 0.1188 0.0803 0.0021
2.36 0.1169 0.0774 0.0019
2.38 0.1151 0.0745 0.0016
2.40 0.1133 0.0718 0.0014
2.42 0.1116 0.0691 0.0013
2.44 0.1098 0.0666 0.0011
2.46 0.1081 0.0641 0.0010
2.48 0.1065 0.0618 0.0009
2.50 0.1049 0.0595 0.0008
2.52 0.1033 0.0574 0.0007
2.54 0.1017 0.0553 0.0006
2.56 0.1002 0.0532 0.0005
2.58 0.0987 0.0513 0.0005
2.60 0.0972 0.0494 0.0004
2.62 0.0958 0.0476 0.0004
2.64 0.0943 0.0459 0.0003
2.66 0.0929 0.0442 0.0003
2.68 0.0916 0.0426 0.0003
2.70 0.0902 0.0411 0.0002
2.72 0.0889 0.0396 0.0002
2.74 0.0876 0.0382 0.0002
2.76 0.0863 0.0368 0.0002
2.78 0.0851 0.0355 0.0001
2.80 0.0839 0.0342 0.0001
2.82 0.0827 0.0330 0.0001
2.84 0.0815 0.0318 0.0001
2.86 0.0803 0.0307 0.0001
2.88 0.0792 0.0296 0.0001
2.90 0.0780 0.0285 0.0001
2.92 0.0769 0.0275 0.0001
2.94 0.0759 0.0265 0.0000
2.96 0.0748 0.0256 0.0000
2.98 0.0738 0.0247 0.0000
3.00 0.0727 0.0238 0.0000
Log-normal Distribution
mean 0 0
Log-normal Distribution stdev 1 0.5
1.8
1.6
x f(x) f(x)
1.4
1.2
0.02 0.0095 0.0000
1.0 0.04 0.0561 0.0000
0.8 0.06 0.1271 0.0000
0.6 0.08 0.2054 0.0000
0.4 0.10 0.2816 0.0002
0.2
0.12 0.3512 0.0008
0.0
0.14 0.4125 0.0025
02 16 30 44 58 72 86 00 14 28 42 56 70 84 98 12 26 40 54 68 82 96
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 0.16 0.4651 0.0060
Stdev 1 Stdev .5 Stdev .25 0.18 0.5095 0.0124
0.20 0.5463 0.0224
0.22 0.5763 0.0370
0.24 0.6004 0.0566
0.26 0.6193 0.0814
0.28 0.6337 0.1115
0.30 0.6442 0.1465
0.32 0.6514 0.1858
0.34 0.6557 0.2289
0.36 0.6576 0.2748
0.38 0.6574 0.3228
0.40 0.6554 0.3721
0.42 0.6520 0.4217
0.44 0.6473 0.4710
0.46 0.6415 0.5193
0.48 0.6349 0.5660
0.50 0.6275 0.6105
0.52 0.6195 0.6524
0.54 0.6110 0.6914
0.56 0.6022 0.7273
0.58 0.5930 0.7599
0.60 0.5836 0.7891
0.62 0.5740 0.8148
0.64 0.5643 0.8371
0.66 0.5545 0.8559
0.68 0.5446 0.8714
0.70 0.5348 0.8838
0.72 0.5250 0.8930
0.74 0.5152 0.8994
0.76 0.5055 0.9030
0.78 0.4959 0.9041
0.80 0.4864 0.9028
0.82 0.4770 0.8993
0.84 0.4678 0.8938
0.86 0.4586 0.8865
0.88 0.4497 0.8775
0.90 0.4408 0.8671
0.92 0.4321 0.8553
0.94 0.4236 0.8423
0.96 0.4152 0.8284
0.98 0.4070 0.8135
1.00 0.3989 0.7979
1.02 0.3910 0.7816
1.04 0.3833 0.7648
1.06 0.3757 0.7476
1.08 0.3683 0.7301
1.10 0.3610 0.7123
1.12 0.3539 0.6943
1.14 0.3470 0.6763
1.16 0.3401 0.6582
1.18 0.3335 0.6401
1.20 0.3270 0.6221
1.22 0.3206 0.6043
1.24 0.3144 0.5866
1.26 0.3083 0.5691
1.28 0.3023 0.5518
1.30 0.2965 0.5348
1.32 0.2908 0.5181
1.34 0.2852 0.5017
1.36 0.2798 0.4856
1.38 0.2745 0.4698
1.40 0.2693 0.4544
1.42 0.2642 0.4394
1.44 0.2592 0.4247
1.46 0.2544 0.4104
1.48 0.2496 0.3964
1.50 0.2450 0.3829
1.52 0.2404 0.3697
1.54 0.2360 0.3568
1.56 0.2317 0.3444
1.58 0.2274 0.3323
1.60 0.2233 0.3206
1.62 0.2192 0.3092
1.64 0.2152 0.2982
1.66 0.2114 0.2876
1.68 0.2076 0.2772
1.70 0.2039 0.2673
1.72 0.2002 0.2576
1.74 0.1967 0.2483
1.76 0.1932 0.2392
1.78 0.1898 0.2305
1.80 0.1865 0.2221
1.82 0.1832 0.2140
1.84 0.1800 0.2061
1.86 0.1769 0.1986
1.88 0.1739 0.1913
1.90 0.1709 0.1842
1.92 0.1680 0.1774
1.94 0.1651 0.1709
1.96 0.1623 0.1646
1.98 0.1596 0.1585
2.00 0.1569 0.1526
2.02 0.1542 0.1470
2.04 0.1517 0.1415
2.06 0.1492 0.1363
2.08 0.1467 0.1312
2.10 0.1443 0.1264
2.12 0.1419 0.1217
2.14 0.1396 0.1172
2.16 0.1373 0.1128
2.18 0.1351 0.1086
2.20 0.1329 0.1046
2.22 0.1308 0.1007
2.24 0.1287 0.0970
2.26 0.1266 0.0934
2.28 0.1246 0.0900
2.30 0.1226 0.0866
2.32 0.1207 0.0834
2.34 0.1188 0.0803
2.36 0.1169 0.0774
2.38 0.1151 0.0745
2.40 0.1133 0.0718
2.42 0.1116 0.0691
2.44 0.1098 0.0666
2.46 0.1081 0.0641
2.48 0.1065 0.0618
2.50 0.1049 0.0595
2.52 0.1033 0.0574
2.54 0.1017 0.0553
2.56 0.1002 0.0532
2.58 0.0987 0.0513
2.60 0.0972 0.0494
2.62 0.0958 0.0476
2.64 0.0943 0.0459
2.66 0.0929 0.0442
2.68 0.0916 0.0426
2.70 0.0902 0.0411
2.72 0.0889 0.0396
2.74 0.0876 0.0382
2.76 0.0863 0.0368
2.78 0.0851 0.0355
2.80 0.0839 0.0342
2.82 0.0827 0.0330
2.84 0.0815 0.0318
2.86 0.0803 0.0307
2.88 0.0792 0.0296
2.90 0.0780 0.0285
2.92 0.0769 0.0275
2.94 0.0759 0.0265
2.96 0.0748 0.0256
2.98 0.0738 0.0247
3.00 0.0727 0.0238
0
0.25
f(x)
0.0000 =NORMDIST(LN($A7),Q$3,Q$4,FALSE)/$P7
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 Log-Normal Distribution
1.8
0.0000
1.6
0.0000
1.4
0.0000
1.2
0.0000
1.0
0.0000 0.8
0.0000 0.6
0.0000 0.4
0.0000 0.2
0.0000 0.0
0.0000 02 14 26 38 50 62 74 86 98 10 22 34 46 58 70 82 94 06 18 30 42 54 66 78 90
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
0.0002
0.0004 Stdev 1 Stdev .5 Stdev .25
0.0010
0.0023
0.0048
0.0092
0.0165
0.0279
0.0447
0.0683
0.1003
0.1417
0.1935
0.2562
0.3298
0.4136
0.5068
0.6075
0.7140
0.8239
0.9348
1.0441
1.1494
1.2485
1.3393
1.4201
1.4896
1.5468
1.5912
1.6224
1.6407
1.6464
1.6402
1.6230
1.5958
1.5596
1.5156
1.4651
1.4092
1.3490
1.2857
1.2202
1.1534
1.0862
1.0193
0.9533
0.8888
0.8261
0.7657
0.7077
0.6525
0.6002
0.5507
0.5043
0.4608
0.4202
0.3825
0.3476
0.3153
0.2856
0.2582
0.2332
0.2103
0.1894
0.1704
0.1531
0.1374
0.1231
0.1103
0.0987
0.0882
0.0788
0.0703
0.0627
0.0559
0.0498
0.0443
0.0394
0.0350
0.0311
0.0276
0.0245
0.0217
0.0193
0.0171
0.0151
0.0134
0.0119
0.0105
0.0093
0.0082
0.0073
0.0064
0.0057
0.0050
0.0044
0.0039
0.0035
0.0031
0.0027
0.0024
0.0021
0.0019
0.0016
0.0014
0.0013
0.0011
0.0010
0.0009
0.0008
0.0007
0.0006
0.0005
0.0005
0.0004
0.0004
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Log-normal equivalences
x f(x) F(x) p x
Excel 2010 3 0.0155646 0.3584244 0.05 0.0001053
Excel 2007 3 0.0155646 0.3584244 0.05 0.0001053
One-sample testing of the mean
pop mean 80 80 80 80
pop std dev 20 20 20 20
sample size 60 60 60 100
alpha 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
left tail test right tail test two tail test two tail test
std error 2.581989 2.5819889 2.581989 2

sample mean 75 75 75 75
p-value 0.026404 0.9735962 0.026404 0.00621
crit value 75.75301 84.246994 74.93939 76.08007
sig yes no no yes
z-score -1.93649 -1.936492 -1.93649 -2.5

p-value 0.026404 0.9735962 0.166461 0.10565
crit value -1.64485 1.6448536 -1.95996 -1.95996
sig yes no no yes
Calculation of confidence interval
margin of err 5.060605 3.919928

lower 69.93939 71.08007
upper 80.06061 78.91993
Using CONFIDENCE 5.060605 3.919928
Effect size
d 0.25
One-sample testing of the mean Excel 2010
137 73 99 113 96 135 z test 0.13513

111 83 74 68 137 107
72 98 84 70 116 98 sample size 48
115 131 113 63 119 128 hyp mean 100
138 73 115 124 101 97 sample mean 103.8125
82 133 111 132 65 132 std dev 23.95888
76 92 101 134 113 75 std err 3.458166
100 98 114 140 64 133 p-value 0.13513
alpha 0.05
margin of error 6.777882
lower 97.03462
upper 110.5904
Real Statistics functions Excel 2007
=Z.TEST(A3:F10,100) z test
=COUNT(A3:F10) sample size

hyp mean
=AVERAGE(A3:F10) sample mean
=STDEV.S(A3:F10) std dev
=I8/SQRT(I5) 3.458166 =STDERR(A3:F10) std err
=1-NORM.DIST(I7,I6,I9,TRUE) p-value
alpha
=CONFIDENCE.NORM(I12,I8,I5) 6.777882 =NORM_CONF(A3:F10,I12) margin of error
=I7-I13 97.03462 =NORM_LOWER(A3:F10,I12) lower
=I7+I13 110.5904 =NORM_UPPER(A3:F10,I12) upper
0.13513 =ZTEST(A3:F10,100)
48 =COUNT(A3:F10)
100
103.8125 =AVERAGE(A3:F10)
23.95888 =STDEV(A3:F10)
3.458166 =R8/SQRT(R5)
0.13513 =1-NORMDIST(R7,R6,R9,TRUE)
0.05
6.777882 =CONFIDENCE(R12,R8,R5)
97.03462 =R7-R13
110.5904 =R7+R13
Two-sample testing of the mean Excel 2010
Control Nutrient Control Nutrient

82.67 89.03 109.13 106.18 95.47 117.51 sample size 30 30
90.11 94.51 81.59 100.86 108.66 115.64 sample mean 95.74 106.69
89.20 93.32 94.99 129.85 83.32 97.22
119.15 89.26 101.34 100.30 117.64 131.04 pop variance 256
83.01 110.36 104.82 87.56 96.90 101.58 alpha 0.05
93.61 92.52 106.92 96.87 66.46 103.80 pooled variance 17.06667
88.42 112.87 80.50 112.57 87.80 111.99 pooled std dev 4.131182
97.02 64.05 106.31 148.36 115.52 119.34 z-score -2.65146
126.11 80.06 85.46 131.62 102.34 95.10 p-value 0.008014
127.96 74.13 103.69 114.60 97.01 107.62 z-crit -1.95996
sig yes
Excel 2007
Control Nutrient
sample size 30 30
sample mean 95.74 106.69
pop variance 256

alpha 0.05
pooled variance 17.06667
pooled std dev 4.131182
z-score -2.65146
p-value 0.008014
z-crit -1.95996
sig yes
Control Nutrient z-Test: Two Sample for Means
82.67 106.18
90.11 100.86
89.20 129.85 Mean
119.15 100.30 Known Variance
83.01 87.56 Observations
=I7/I4+I7/J4 93.61 96.87 Hypothesized Mean Difference
=SQRT(I9) 88.42 112.57 z
=(I5-J5)/I10 97.02 148.36 P(Z<=z) one-tail
=2*NORM.S.DIST(I11,TRUE) 126.11 131.62 z Critical one-tail
=NORM.S.INV(I8/2) 127.96 114.60 P(Z<=z) two-tail
=IF(I12<I8,"yes","no") 89.03 95.47 z Critical two-tail
94.51 108.66
93.32 83.32
89.26 117.64
110.36 96.90
92.52 66.46
112.87 87.80
64.05 115.52
80.06 102.34
74.13 97.01
=I22/I19+I22/J19 109.13 117.51
=SQRT(I24) 81.59 115.64
=(I20-J20)/I25 94.99 97.22
=2*NORMSDIST(I26) 101.34 131.04
=NORMSINV(I23/2) 104.82 101.58
=IF(I27<I23,"yes","no") 106.92 103.80
80.50 111.99
106.31 119.34
85.46 95.10
103.69 107.62
Control Nutrient
95.73733 106.691
256 256
30 30
0
-2.65146
0.004007
1.644854
0.008014
1.959964
Sample from Uniform Distribution [50, 150]
137.7255 64.14838 62.29286 118.7704 97.1633 66.89505 147.7783 70.39857 50.2411 87.06473
118.8101 125.7897 89.36583 121.5842 76.5389 145.4833 121.3523 143.2615 86.16749 109.9963
100.8286 92.37495 85.35875 145.2849 73.62743 139.9808 109.5752 76.43513 54.15357 120.4123
76.16352 85.89892 93.15622 115.8589 102.7848 61.62755 122.0634 92.29865 89.64049 135.5312
89.6466 138.6258 71.97027 118.9383 123.4886 64.06903 57.88903 144.9095 82.87149 108.5894
123.5099 101.1246 84.50117 104.3962 128.5485 72.89499 134.5058 80.50935 55.60625 124.1356
120.4337 114.156 58.3224 71.22868 81.97424 94.26099 95.07889 115.8864 124.8558 110.3015
94.74929 119.1977 121.8162 57.12912 58.53603 71.65593 112.0624 106.1937 63.83404 62.55837
55.43229 61.74963 77.4514 68.92758 101.1917 67.07816 83.08817 138.9187 75.2266 58.76186
114.7298 90.83682 127.1996 134.9544 78.48903 145.4833 107.7074 113.4083 123.217 50.9064
95.55193 140.2982 117.98 100.3006 103.8682 101.6709 52.40791 108.7176 141.3236 107.622
91.56621 55.21256 142.5657 83.86639 85.21226 149.4995 69.38231 68.33857 55.15458 115.0685
88.77987 61.90222 125.2617 134.2219 118.5965 56.65914 144.0336 101.7777 145.2727 85.64562
138.8852 135.7692 54.68154 122.2983 137.1395 117.2567 119.9362 81.9834 138.0551 135.7204
95.12467 59.69268 110.5213 55.23087 87.1044 70.76785 100.0351 67.10868 64.30403 138.348
93.54686 149.4842 79.83489 149.7162 141.0031 63.16263 62.25929 57.22068 78.54396 97.07785
98.56716 114.3849 83.62529 127.7215 84.24787 65.38133 68.42402 74.20728 99.36064 84.6263
144.5402 82.78603 148.6236 54.62966 140.2799 79.69146 100.267 88.43806 125.164 108.4979
106.7461 117.7541 75.12589 92.32002 141.3114 137.1273 137.878 71.3599 112.6606 66.59291
138.5769 137.1792 81.61412 50.18006 121.0166 82.38319 116.274 91.81341 89.96094 102.0341
128.9453 101.1979 63.16568 147.6531 113.2496 118.6361 67.96319 57.43736 124.8222 120.6778
78.12891 97.66991 96.45528 115.334 100.6546 105.8733 95.48479 94.39833 93.79101 59.10672
73.01401 107.4023 70.91128 120.5618 80.51851 135.5922 130.5292 120.2902 112.1998 148.1414
77.43614 127.2698 137.0083 69.90112 115.5019 103.9995 138.1619 60.09552 100.8438 69.43113
51.9013 133.3247 50.09766 77.9397 126.0857 138.1741 127.8008 144.8546 95.02396 113.1397
92.15827 140.4935 65.22263 61.47801 72.43721 57.12607 50.11902 80.70162 58.06604 75.22355
140.3409 122.6005 116.3686 83.28654 78.25098 135.0642 102.9313 144.1282 57.00095 146.4507
88.27631 59.15555 106.3219 92.39631 80.53682 139.8526 52.15461 110.0818 105.0768 103.9689
72.36091 135.4701 51.94098 51.10782 59.94903 108.1072 108.4857 116.1214 86.96707 82.9722
65.89709 103.5112 87.90094 64.85031 128.1671 52.15766 99.0585 69.65392 70.22462 142.7244
120.2841 74.36903 141.3419 102.3057 135.0887 135.754 148.6084 79.89593 83.24992 111.1682
103.5417 121.8223 63.65093 72.3365 121.2394 67.18192 148.8128 103.3036 118.4164 57.18406
145.7366 93.33628 55.71612 73.66405 92.58553 103.4288 60.42512 93.84594 111.3514 62.52174
138.5891 111.5802 62.22266 115.4622 148.2086 98.71059 72.60811 109.7888 66.29994 108.5864
63.38542 69.2938 51.45573 84.55306 58.74966 128.9392 50.34181 109.3158 55.55742 119.1641
149.4507 135.4457 51.94708 70.32228 87.45537 141.5159 146.3317 130.8618 130.4743 71.58879
108.0157 63.39763 98.65566 114.0004 78.58974 81.03122 50.83621 62.70791 55.15763 67.79534
55.15458 85.00778 61.99988 87.55608 122.6981 87.6812 114.0767 123.1407 124.3309 106.27
145.4924 50.54018 105.1012 91.2183 56.68355 119.2526 113.3992 59.18607 65.80248 78.0221
97.92627 95.57024 50.60732 50.13733 81.9834 72.03436 64.39253 91.91717 69.14426 87.31803
118.3554 145.1537 51.39775 52.76498 98.26807 133.2179 103.2029 51.09867 136.7367 133.2179
124.395 64.97848 60.9714 68.14325 66.01001 149.7864 109.8437 115.0044 135.0612 143.6186
66.5746 101.3901 102.8459 69.39146 141.1252 109.4256 111.2079 64.27351 144.4395 92.06671
131.0724 79.73418 55.52995 138.5128 81.26011 59.51262 110.4846 134.7255 77.57042 111.269
114.1377 115.8986 113.6982 95.77776 118.9383 103.7217 149.2157 75.26017 73.35887 108.8946
89.69237 101.4176 69.11069 148.001 143.704 74.67421 131.9544 146.2127 85.14817 53.23801
62.07617 111.2171 89.42686 146.2127 146.6918 147.5707 143.5911 92.71065 84.33638 90.8887
118.099 116.6097 71.71697 147.3998 68.57662 96.65975 78.72097 60.12299 103.6027 148.7304
78.56532 127.987 122.631 149.3988 68.77804 66.21754 93.23557 145.938 61.32847 120.3909
112.215 103.4013 81.46153 75.18998 111.9739 92.60079 93.18369 67.88385 52.86264 105.3972
102.7027 102.8922 85.96301 97.28831 101.3216 100.3306 102.5832 96.16285 91.87719 100.9732
139.0927 70.87771 135.8943 137.7926 57.03452 127.1874 75.01602 80.84506 92.90597 85.60289
95.45122 74.4789 62.62246 78.31202 73.44127 63.74859 108.8549 146.118 104.6464 103.9872
70.40773 83.05155 80.41475 62.86355 100.6333 55.74053 63.8432 133.2759 51.72124 142.2849
147.9308 119.0695 54.98672 126.1284 145.294 132.1924 61.90527 80.76876 112.4195 66.00696
52.60323 87.0983 143.9085 62.85745 77.08518 53.5371 119.6677 126.1864 67.84722 81.4127
87.61711 88.37092 67.34672 72.19916 125.8141 129.9432 64.1789 146.9451 116.2038 83.83892
87.35466 94.64553 91.554 92.08808 123.8762 56.79952 137.7621 111.8641 120.0125 110.0208
126.2078 81.52562 149.5972 74.88479 65.74145 77.30796 87.22648 82.55715 94.51125 95.24979
69.19309 89.51231 119.5791 68.75668 115.746 103.2701 69.03439 95.26811 70.34669 60.68453
132.9585 132.0154 127.5109 128.2006 119.0451 54.43434 114.4917 115.6606 78.05872 113.3961
60.28474 65.92761 53.17087 143.7101 70.90823 76.04755 100.9354 53.75378 117.6931 94.17554
109.9475 144.3937 105.0554 117.3696 88.67306 126.5221 78.15943 116.3289 106.6912 118.6148
138.8211 145.8098 107.0971 81.11057 121.5201 54.69985 116.686 121.865 55.74053 87.46147
117.5314 80.42695 118.4439 119.1458 138.1741 71.55522 88.44722 71.36296 117.6931 55.91754
86.6802 78.29371 99.61089 79.17264 64.02326 126.693 73.4901 119.2587 101.7319 110.1886
140.5972 122.8019 57.59301 99.96796 109.682 88.74325 120.8426 84.99863 56.22883 66.24195
131.9727 74.61928 60.33662 109.0136 55.02945 62.28675 90.27528 149.9542 111.2323 142.7458
136.3002 94.4319 120.5771 115.0868 139.0561 115.6911 77.02719 58.69472 148.4375 129.6258
112.0777 81.46458 122.7287 99.83673 68.29585 106.0869 85.63952 50.96438 144.7295 139.0835
53.83923 61.63671 116.7013 61.80456 108.6505 132.5251 85.01999 53.16172 127.8527 148.4161
72.84616 145.9105 141.6807 148.526 78.47987 88.2519 56.63167 118.5018 101.561 87.36991
66.94998 99.16837 83.87249 89.94263 128.4387 81.04953 54.22681 85.74023 55.79546 148.6724
69.52574 75.11368 127.0043 81.73009 87.28446 108.62 138.9767 89.78393 86.87551 71.61626
109.6973 145.3063 135.8119 122.6432 86.07898 77.06076 50.99185 66.24195 126.3146 127.81
85.08103 143.8566 133.3369 148.6999 57.59301 96.74825 139.3399 108.7207 127.224 87.4218
56.22578 125.1122 104.799 90.65371 56.53706 143.9512 110.2741 124.4163 96.30268 126.7052
131.5394 53.02744 97.09922 72.81259 71.25004 101.1063 80.32929 53.42723 100.4044 114.922
135.0917 69.98047 95.53362 133.2453 111.9221 145.7183 149.0814 132.1223 131.4844 54.2848
149.939 92.25593 61.18809 140.0998 76.08417 110.4694 148.8006 53.83923 95.18265 102.1073
118.7551 111.5894 115.7704 68.7994 122.1183 147.5463 97.30674 73.35582 108.8061 142.8556
74.54909 109.7369 77.9458 52.74667 137.8414 60.66927 88.08405 77.4514 66.54408 61.6245
78.93155 78.39137 99.32707 88.30073 86.89688 82.02002 111.5558 65.28062 65.9154 62.12806
77.00278 142.4131 131.1151 125.808 62.59194 129.8212 124.8344 111.3666 102.0554 134.1517
148.3734 72.78817 87.1044 74.75967 90.0647 149.1302 87.60491 83.31095 138.3297 70.25819
55.86566 109.6515 67.31925 55.16373 105.3026 75.14725 71.00894 118.7582 64.98154 121.5232
79.69146 57.07114 81.73009 101.7838 116.3289 128.2067 137.1273 93.46141 74.92752 129.8364
87.41264 123.5069 77.80236 134.9452 130.1447 114.5405 91.73711 97.85607 129.8181 142.6908
141.9523 126.2871 141.4762 114.3391 121.4713 129.8791 144.2839 145.0316 72.38533 67.08426
103.1144 118.7124 120.9159 52.42927 138.1893 105.9679 79.57549 121.6178 75.79119 115.688
145.4894 96.13483 129.0399 144.8698 96.47359 66.21448 67.85333 126.7754 119.1885 102.3606
109.5325 55.51775 126.101 138.6837 128.1152 127.8466 125.8751 86.16749 54.02234 118.6544
135.7448 84.04645 80.86032 67.91437 116.2099 67.12394 104.4786 139.6573 89.81445 130.0256
116.2038 98.52748 69.92859 102.9038 105.5498 113.5456 129.809 146.1791 93.91919 133.1324
146.646 111.5345 112.5355 146.3073 113.3412 121.2088 78.64162 89.36277 79.77996 75.89496
87.17154 124.5994 64.82589 128.7652 106.6668 143.0754 135.7509 65.24705 64.48714 122.6707
54.18104 105.9587 126.0125 72.0893 68.01508 69.11985 75.07706 51.61748 122.0939 110.3351
81.76977 63.00699 51.13529 60.712 51.65105 145.175 139.5871 59.4882 56.10981 149.942
120.7999 129.8364 134.17 55.31632 54.0315 127.5994 79.15738 113.5365 75.79424 145.1353
100.2884 120.9555 133.108 58.51466 93.70861 112.8224 54.58693 62.37526 98.50307 85.44115
71.23783 115.8254 68.38435 63.80352 132.0643 72.29987 140.9116 144.0184 127.1874 92.32917
102.1696 99.5255 101.4333 97.35221 97.96338 101.139 98.24006 98.09082 95.96606 105.3926
118.2852 145.6938 63.83099 128.1915 69.16562 122.9545 144.8637 139.0225 97.74621 85.42589
73.51451 135.2657 70.02625 62.69265 72.90414 90.47365 104.622 77.17978 117.7755 61.36509
104.5122 51.20853 55.63066 124.7948 72.13507 109.3341 78.95596 119.7378 118.5354 98.50612
69.92248 83.2194 60.92563 146.8413 66.51357 121.6727 124.3431 129.8273 69.13511 145.1964
108.3972 124.3736 135.7997 123.0216 148.178 108.2873 83.08512 57.69677 93.62621 86.17969
120.4703 144.6654 61.76183 115.5873 66.2328 145.468 61.65502 59.19218 54.97757 72.28767
129.2108 56.27155 114.3056 93.19895 135.58 107.1429 138.6715 128.4387 87.1044 134.1762
141.9736 128.7622 116.1824 74.57045 95.4268 120.9037 101.9639 71.41484 119.8325 70.24598
62.24097 131.991 73.07505 128.0908 90.48585 84.20515 120.6168 127.7825 99.81231 124.9687
129.0094 99.68719 137.9727 113.5151 141.6135 65.36302 103.328 111.7115 119.8904 144.9309
103.3525 79.42595 131.9575 107.448 105.7054 114.8091 91.6303 51.45573 143.054 79.19706
90.98941 127.8893 69.73327 92.76864 109.3432 58.38954 97.48985 123.7602 57.36717 139.9533
97.45933 86.31703 110.213 76.06586 89.08506 98.68923 132.638 66.29688 137.4752 121.4927
72.23273 92.36274 88.59066 88.61812 96.7513 74.59792 103.618 71.00589 129.0796 53.39976
121.633 113.5273 99.14396 88.4228 142.1079 86.74429 74.9855 76.16962 127.7764 98.85708
70.6946 87.00674 99.61394 75.54704 61.31016 148.8342 145.3551 148.0132 104.9211 64.88388
143.3287 82.74026 111.4612 123.0338 129.2627 135.3389 50.0061 135.754 53.86364 129.6899
120.9159 134.2097 107.5701 73.49315 90.51637 126.6625 111.8091 59.93988 101.8601 76.08417
144.4884 66.73025 123.0461 119.6799 78.90408 66.28773 121.6056 115.3035 69.09238 111.623
56.89413 58.78323 107.5945 138.3023 143.057 103.3677 53.1373 98.36268 69.06186 117.8884
52.07221 60.25422 72.72103 142.6084 106.1724 60.61739 117.4642 69.51048 146.1608 66.24805
120.4428 125.3899 85.45946 123.4489 76.11469 104.5061 51.30924 91.4655 149.7528 127.2637
65.6621 59.75677 135.6563 122.8141 98.57326 64.23078 124.5231 113.5853 61.35594 148.9166
130.6818 92.53059 68.01813 91.19694 124.4438 111.2293 56.6744 56.79342 135.4884 146.9665
122.7317 129.986 136.0103 82.58461 54.93179 133.636 64.32844 59.68963 97.76452 101.6404
80.28047 86.32618 114.4795 101.2741 146.8078 83.42692 131.0053 134.6614 78.42189 51.25126
92.29255 85.64257 114.4856 95.35966 118.2638 99.81536 113.8966 116.8691 57.9989 77.37205
74.12488 147.0855 89.12473 55.21561 105.4338 83.87555 87.5927 130.3522 77.2042 50.66225
137.4416 66.20533 116.3869 84.08918 93.1959 78.40052 87.70562 107.5518 127.1691 113.6158
75.92547 51.87384 106.0991 124.517 94.1084 56.45772 69.05271 143.231 102.1439 79.05667
137.4874 132.0276 115.7765 111.1896 88.63338 104.2589 146.4537 103.795 76.6335 83.61919
78.50734 66.20838 86.88467 140.6583 80.52156 61.63671 53.42418 110.9027 75.24491 115.978
110.2893 59.85443 141.4396 63.20841 76.21235 118.6026 148.1903 136.3887 149.2492 103.2304
63.3488 127.9382 121.1203 75.2266 78.49208 122.2617 129.2413 146.527 70.75564 147.5066
125.396 65.89709 120.1865 83.38725 105.1897 86.7748 107.4541 79.91424 116.6219 121.5232
64.98764 116.4907 71.32328 88.15119 115.7094 82.85318 130.166 97.41356 51.85858 118.7246
148.6419 134.5485 103.209 55.13627 64.42915 74.84817 78.06177 66.91946 149.118 73.35887
105.9587 110.6189 112.2425 72.24494 112.5935 135.5129 69.80041 103.0595 109.1021 80.88473
108.8 80.87558 91.01077 89.66185 132.0856 63.08023 125.1396 134.3318 89.1522 121.9687
117.8365 87.71172 145.3459 72.1778 137.936 115.5141 67.35588 80.70162 116.2252 86.45131
126.9585 125.0908 122.6615 120.8029 103.563 124.4652 102.0157 55.18204 68.43928 69.71191
114.0522 67.85638 79.16044 105.9526 56.90023 119.7989 104.7319 116.5304 68.99167 135.0917
99.18058 106.9658 144.8759 60.21149 138.4793 146.4141 97.67907 58.85647 59.8178 65.11887
130.1111 55.75274 116.0695 67.08426 137.054 51.4008 105.6719 90.71169 122.6524 123.809
73.13913 118.5018 126.635 116.0268 117.1621 123.7358 70.31922 92.91208 104.2619 84.34858
96.76351 83.57952 136.1324 135.5403 127.9901 143.0113 77.63756 114.3178 93.65673 104.2589
109.3066 82.82266 134.9361 128.1335 147.3479 101.0483 132.6441 129.635 103.7095 115.1875
61.88086 107.9882 118.6544 75.60198 80.26521 62.72927 106.9811 106.2792 141.2809 100.4532
67.33757 57.52281 137.286 123.159 111.7054 92.68319 104.561 70.44435 120.3452 121.6971
126.5252 64.31928 92.0423 148.7793 119.1855 55.21867 148.0621 88.52351 94.70046 89.91211
101.9538 95.75506 105.8774 100.9865 103.0756 99.0314 101.0705 99.50243 99.74529 100.8436
118.45 118.2577 111.0157 139.7458 131.9239 72.20222 95.19486 61.84423 103.6058 57.44652
63.91339 117.9769 135.6685 97.9873 149.762 73.4901 129.3634 137.933 61.5421 59.11588
60.10773 128.9148 137.1914 91.67608 70.12085 119.5578 135.4396 89.71068 87.70562 61.63671
101.2253 132.0368 138.3541 86.77786 98.49086 64.99374 92.75338 81.14414 90.55605 119.7623
118.6026 107.8448 80.3354 92.93649 62.72317 87.1746 92.58858 149.3805 81.95288 59.33256
146.7406 73.10556 108.2904 119.6066 105.9008 123.7205 77.79931 130.0134 68.83297 99.55596
52.80465 80.22858 109.4958 52.66121 83.53069 99.99847 102.8123 149.3896 59.60723 84.13495
84.1258 140.8048 144.7203 54.43739 80.94577 124.2241 106.6057 130.9931 68.75973 96.04328
110.268 68.50642 112.0746 94.42885 54.44655 64.42 80.56734 95.44206 106.3524 120.6412
122.4113 78.22962 57.84326 92.17353 76.44734 91.48381 103.8682 60.98972 56.54927 69.81567
115.453 90.15625 113.0451 61.13315 143.3073 137.3501 123.9341 136.8923 93.30882 147.9125
130.0043 132.3359 100.2243 144.9156 96.77267 140.3867 91.01993 107.5426 64.185 91.19388
84.74837 75.16861 134.9757 97.44407 129.0613 93.10434 126.4061 93.91308 108.0554 108.9282
97.08396 129.3207 53.06101 139.5932 99.45219 133.3369 125.808 112.4744 70.91128 58.20948
83.84198 56.40889 139.4833 87.87957 99.98932 91.30985 85.71581 93.44615 59.27763 59.12809
66.8981 143.2066 133.0195 60.06806 81.38829 84.17768 103.0625 132.1741 134.9574 64.01715
93.12265 135.9249 140.7834 78.70876 100.5417 98.87539 50.41505 92.05756 120.6748 97.19077
126.6442 85.68834 135.1344 80.84506 90.2234 86.54286 82.18482 117.5863 66.04358 141.7997
96.70248 80.36897 131.9208 61.74657 92.41768 69.20225 94.70962 113.8478 129.7571 131.1518
98.54884 95.40849 77.51854 95.48479 51.5717 94.70656 57.04062 67.04764 79.35881 65.37828
60.69979 148.6663 114.3208 148.2025 145.5718 131.7591 62.2837 81.52562 107.1337 82.99966
121.7673 54.76089 63.43425 92.89682 52.65816 135.1314 133.8496 55.11795 121.5873 133.6207
116.4144 104.9852 71.28361 110.6738 124.6757 95.10941 69.68139 68.74142 111.9556 84.91012
65.71398 112.3646 126.3634 84.59578 73.04758 76.77389 132.7021 90.50111 109.6515 116.7074
113.9821 120.2414 76.06586 121.4438 86.74734 116.5548 109.8865 51.88604 99.10733 70.13611
65.50035 139.3338 73.71899 136.0591 103.0656 138.3602 78.36695 106.1785 72.75155 92.49702
62.19825 115.1601 75.12589 65.19211 55.53606 141.5128 146.7071 89.38108 93.76659 111.8213
120.0125 97.43797 94.8439 105.324 140.5454 60.62654 95.93646 134.933 138.3908 51.01627
120.0888 148.0865 137.2341 54.24207 88.27326 65.71703 140.6247 106.6454 149.002 112.7369
143.3561 147.3388 148.8281 141.9065 106.502 121.7826 77.00888 73.30699 52.90841 95.26811
55.83514 100.6394 108.9679 124.4621 100.441 123.4367 96.71773 114.8854 101.9608 99.15311
110.2313 74.94583 97.88659 149.234 70.39552 124.2332 131.991 87.19901 77.27744 116.4235
138.7509 64.35591 67.34977 139.9716 64.17585 54.74563 75.25101 141.7386 94.37391 121.9291
85.8684 64.11176 101.8723 63.64788 125.5882 130.7245 94.16334 62.14942 148.6633 71.57353
79.85321 81.4127 110.1123 84.75753 145.9319 55.08438 55.61541 102.0157 72.88278 117.9312
81.17466 93.69335 139.4925 53.16172 105.5986 78.03735 91.14505 51.50456 148.471 142.1537
86.72597 142.5962 74.33241 69.32737 99.00357 60.09247 94.20301 86.56423 134.9208 134.9788
123.6869 87.1746 71.96722 89.03623 81.84301 146.3256 149.3255 125.5669 67.42912 101.1185
148.2421 95.59771 123.986 130.52 76.60298 68.99167 66.83401 97.44407 135.6777 73.32224
84.98032 92.96701 114.6748 93.3668 133.4071 112.2456 146.9604 74.79019 108.4124 67.069
114.7847 66.83401 97.07175 52.60323 81.01901 59.52483 136.4223 107.506 121.8955 146.9268
55.14542 123.4672 132.4183 115.743 129.5282 64.02936 81.51952 70.29176 117.5222 73.4199
89.6466 149.823 52.95419 87.83074 114.5711 97.6455 136.4101 72.51045 107.9669 117.5283
104.9547 131.0602 123.9494 142.1567 115.4012 106.5661 66.92557 134.6217 84.17158 130.6848
97.13279 63.27555 110.5029 104.4511 147.9217 95.04227 110.6861 73.92346 60.09247 104.7288
126.3482 149.1363 111.4154 89.24986 141.937 134.637 126.2749 126.0765 100.7126 110.1062
143.0815 132.1253 117.6717 140.4691 71.40873 117.6473 100.56 120.4855 104.0666 125.1701
91.88665 76.28559 100.2518 87.04031 130.0684 102.4888 95.71673 89.58251 122.2587 126.6655
133.3857 94.40443 143.1822 91.1359 145.0285 98.24976 119.4357 86.69546 122.2861 63.90728
123.7419 131.7957 125.2617 103.2548 110.2649 67.77398 105.0707 77.31407 117.333 149.649
100.7378 105.4794 108.0139 98.04413 101.3155 98.62215 101.7113 98.2981 98.33247 98.77096
95.79913 119.3472 68.20124 107.2497 50.9827 133.9595 102.031 118.276 143.8627 87.06473
62.1128 113.1886 88.10846 103.8591 110.2252 54.83718 106.1815 117.6412 73.67626 123.7388
135.0581 82.2306 129.1925 100.5417 66.7272 126.6381 123.9921 93.21421 74.12183 98.41762
66.22974 55.36515 59.91852 107.6739 98.28333 120.4825 134.8354 109.8437 97.94763 142.2208
100.0595 114.7084 144.0458 134.9696 79.04752 85.24888 134.2799 85.41673 83.94879 142.6176
115.1936 146.7711 60.87069 109.2181 90.79409 120.4611 95.54277 66.27247 51.45573 97.87439
79.90204 129.8059 82.69448 123.6015 130.0378 89.62828 125.0786 73.28257 123.3665 63.96832
122.2678 79.88372 66.67837 71.82684 76.32527 103.3586 149.6521 131.6767 63.67534 61.11179
145.8495 88.60897 87.34855 113.5304 107.384 139.8465 56.77511 143.8444 76.63045 123.6167
77.99768 116.1275 143.9299 93.26914 119.0451 54.2787 59.07926 118.5568 52.2309 63.6845
133.4071 116.4693 136.288 56.86361 143.8505 120.2689 78.26014 94.44105 69.72106 139.5657
122.6402 131.0785 126.8792 137.7956 75.06485 108.2354 58.68862 52.68563 98.83572 133.3552
146.4965 53.02438 106.3341 85.86535 104.4481 100.5692 136.4376 66.63564 81.13804 116.7989
104.7105 101.2894 69.48912 142.6023 85.59069 133.2728 119.3899 146.173 142.6054 76.44124
124.3217 114.1377 99.59868 95.25285 51.91961 101.735 90.64455 65.45152 96.65059 145.5229
91.31291 135.8699 63.25114 126.8151 62.42103 136.4345 142.758 76.17267 56.40278 111.3208
61.52989 93.82763 50.04273 84.91928 131.1914 105.2721 97.59972 67.09647 98.61599 95.69536
145.8251 105.8672 61.4658 81.16855 131.4631 95.70452 77.68334 97.41966 121.8009 106.035
122.3502 84.43709 75.6386 66.07105 63.3549 133.6787 82.42897 68.29279 130.4956 86.00879
138.6013 74.66811 100.5997 66.43727 149.884 71.06693 99.74822 66.63259 68.28669 123.1346
139.2666 143.0296 91.56316 84.01593 89.88769 80.33845 61.49937 80.34761 127.1905 55.37126
106.325 82.46864 59.31425 98.81436 62.5248 97.77367 143.881 106.9964 92.38411 124.8558
136.935 82.22144 50.2411 60.64486 57.67235 116.9729 132.6167 121.0349 51.81585 115.0655
125.5974 87.99554 145.8647 50.29298 113.2008 114.9586 130.9992 90.77578 122.2587 141.7997
71.86956 113.5701 123.7114 109.7766 85.45946 56.70797 98.21619 107.4999 129.5557 109.7064
116.4113 120.571 54.35804 142.2697 76.47481 132.754 79.18485 68.24702 143.4568 58.18506
128.6126 121.5873 94.01685 128.4783 102.4064 100.9964 137.2158 103.2304 119.2068 65.10361
141.1527 145.642 80.70162 60.35493 125.6096 90.98636 140.0998 121.0288 51.41301 116.8569
62.949 96.57735 67.24906 117.4886 99.3057 148.3917 91.10843 122.28 113.0421 51.15665
114.6992 96.92221 138.6196 68.68343 102.2507 112.624 51.1597 67.94183 146.35 97.09922
132.8394 104.3779 76.80746 133.871 83.1492 93.39427 79.93866 143.8169 105.6291 137.9391
91.31291 78.2815 66.5746 51.69683 103.5081 105.0249 144.2289 101.561 136.1354 68.49727
107.6373 121.1325 91.58757 129.0033 75.62639 93.47362 113.7928 140.1761 122.2037 73.02316
143.9055 88.43501 66.12903 61.6306 52.02033 112.2272 101.3047 83.53069 62.84219 73.8319
96.30573 111.2232 94.63637 75.07096 146.173 132.3389 115.4164 71.49419 147.2472 58.29188
101.2833 71.65593 62.32032 99.77264 64.68551 71.29276 97.9751 76.80441 118.5232 144.2381
85.14512 76.52058 147.9827 133.1324 120.2597 57.65404 119.5853 50.0763 143.8841 54.21155
59.07315 147.5677 126.7937 109.6362 85.6151 75.89801 125.1335 142.9258 65.86047 99.69634
125.7744 55.02335 109.1693 65.92151 53.46385 121.2943 64.87777 127.6238 104.7349 89.8236
129.8669 123.1651 54.22071 110.1764 99.00662 100.2701 129.6747 82.45949 129.3695 138.0276
63.87066 97.02902 115.2394 148.529 112.0045 100.2396 143.4477 108.4155 124.8131 106.502
148.2665 140.2097 132.6807 147.174 87.48894 86.60085 64.75265 146.7467 72.6783 65.44847
149.414 96.9985 99.65667 79.99664 50.3357 126.2902 124.3919 141.6166 137.1364 113.628
96.42781 61.04465 98.59767 90.8948 51.62358 149.0753 90.23255 99.01273 127.6055 71.90619
118.9535 109.1815 57.91955 149.0905 126.4519 102.6658 116.451 95.79913 101.6648 84.31196
65.75976 146.0906 116.8783 58.19422 56.16779 97.58446 113.9546 53.09153 90.61403 104.207
90.61098 125.1762 127.398 57.22983 145.4894 135.6807 85.52355 68.82076 88.1634 69.26328
120.3452 125.9911 76.8746 87.1044 118.685 134.3593 114.4551 67.75262 52.24921 140.1578
62.36305 141.5159 97.05039 51.83111 72.29987 59.52483 92.72897 136.169 143.6522 56.96432
77.76879 121.6636 144.7996 142.1506 106.209 126.5069 135.7631 124.8314 75.24491 116.8081
108.0482 105.7915 93.79064 98.24915 93.06192 105.3775 106.2139 98.22266 101.0479 98.80343
53.67443 144.1191 95.76861 127.6788 53.93078 111.5131 72.86752 107.1734 137.1822 134.286
91.26408 108.3544 115.9108 97.16941 50.3296 123.809 83.1492 79.82574 73.6671 66.66005
101.619 50.36317 59.02127 95.2559 69.23887 141.3846 66.23585 147.0519 50.75686 114.4429
135.876 82.57546 96.61397 62.32948 80.89084 110.4511 118.9199 93.43699 146.0448 81.95898
99.45524 87.00674 143.9726 99.72686 146.0417 135.8425 121.7582 123.4031 114.2476 82.46254
66.38234 104.0147 99.06156 137.7041 57.61437 118.8406 136.8801 133.8252 71.19816 80.2591
93.55602 149.1821 112.5233 63.41899 143.1852 90.86428 83.93658 55.29191 62.6957 106.4837
70.58779 76.7098 58.83511 123.4214 109.4409 124.1111 75.72405 142.5596 101.4054 123.7327
123.7785 58.54823 125.9087 73.99976 133.6695 129.4794 107.6006 56.61946 69.31516 72.21442
127.3492 144.7935 51.41911 119.454 107.2222 51.46184 96.63533 75.80645 99.07682 82.41981
73.74645 75.04044 121.9718 115.0349 125.4418 101.9333 69.76379 62.97952 77.35679 149.7528
129.9951 84.76363 127.8039 81.27537 109.1815 102.2385 117.5069 64.1026 69.91638 97.26096
71.29276 57.98059 144.2564 141.3022 147.9553 88.47163 73.89904 81.38829 63.46782 66.02832
148.9807 80.04547 103.4135 115.5934 86.2804 140.3653 66.14429 115.3005 66.60817 131.5485
129.7296 104.796 138.4365 51.95013 145.2086 82.72805 112.1998 65.9856 123.104 111.1072
149.4232 130.8374 140.9818 94.20606 93.07993 142.2605 143.0174 88.77987 78.6111 64.0141
70.55727 145.3459 81.78198 64.64278 65.84216 83.93048 101.4756 72.82174 118.627 56.32649
129.1589 102.4674 118.0013 114.1926 99.7177 63.35795 134.2036 119.1214 73.7373 126.6442
118.2791 120.0552 61.24302 143.7712 90.95279 76.01398 58.3285 96.88253 80.75045 112.5446
92.91818 65.35386 119.3472 82.49001 50.67751 124.3645 65.1738 117.2689 107.0818 140.3073
107.8539 119.9942 65.80248 85.92334 90.17762 121.7856 129.1742 144.4731 103.8987 106.4959
128.2769 129.696 145.7518 52.99997 65.93066 70.31007 136.0042 127.3919 62.99783 51.42521
95.51225 116.9362 108.6871 115.7155 146.7803 50.21058 140.8048 144.058 126.1528 103.4684
98.96084 127.9748 78.70266 94.40138 50.05493 105.6719 128.6554 67.50237 145.6725 122.6829
113.5121 61.62755 145.1262 95.04532 142.2697 65.05783 87.05863 148.7243 134.3959 54.39161
121.1936 148.4924 92.42378 116.6982 125.0298 58.4994 126.9707 132.0429 83.97015 80.9946
59.44548 78.33644 101.204 99.02188 141.229 52.88705 117.2781 133.3583 85.26719 95.45427
138.6532 72.95907 53.53099 134.7224 52.25532 76.85018 139.9625 84.43098 66.17786 75.81866
60.75777 133.7947 79.50224 61.55736 66.96524 118.6361 142.1201 139.6817 82.56935 78.37306
61.68554 121.3492 99.04324 96.65975 59.49431 110.5213 69.07712 117.8518 70.22462 50.95218
105.0859 108.7024 57.10471 143.8475 108.6108 126.809 122.3807 72.24189 101.7441 59.50346
86.42994 57.07114 133.3003 55.74664 138.2717 81.27232 110.0024 112.2761 105.0645 82.91116
77.02109 149.8962 141.6074 128.8079 50.25941 76.52364 56.47298 98.558 102.0371 125.7958
59.4058 55.64898 134.4783 113.2435 127.4316 94.67605 129.6899 65.93677 128.7896 89.05759
91.99347 131.283 100.7706 94.63332 62.85134 88.4167 132.1497 56.41499 116.9973 85.83178
103.2701 89.97314 111.2903 110.8264 148.4741 96.64449 109.1723 129.3115 59.1525 58.56349
67.77398 101.7228 131.4478 70.56948 149.3347 131.6218 58.07825 121.5812 63.90423 104.033
69.32127 135.3053 100.5112 100.5295 108.2263 127.8619 92.8724 119.7897 142.0896 109.3585
124.3797 147.9156 83.34452 128.0267 83.79315 68.8757 141.0001 138.9584 62.7842 106.1174
132.3817 147.1099 145.9441 70.34059 134.5759 79.15128 134.9269 145.1231 93.83984 124.1783
52.85043 50.46693 103.3494 110.1947 135.1527 147.9736 123.925 70.35585 105.6017 134.0083
93.68725 114.8854 149.4446 53.59508 60.77609 100.9659 83.24076 113.7776 82.4015 68.82992
143.6674 61.26743 115.9444 53.24107 116.0451 117.5649 51.16886 61.98157 66.28468 78.26624
107.4175 145.0926 134.6736 100.2609 124.0837 70.09644 91.86224 60.36103 63.78521 145.8434
115.2882 80.23469 105.4064 102.2446 147.5463 95.55193 75.73321 84.78195 92.20405 66.18702
96.47969 76.27644 114.1377 138.2931 94.1908 66.74551 102.2782 64.16669 138.8302 86.53066
133.5841 59.62859 115.3706 74.97024 80.29878 68.10968 74.68032 50.76601 67.68548 133.694
73.17576 79.60601 100.1968 103.1266 97.25181 65.05173 84.29975 89.03928 146.1272 134.7346
62.64382 114.0461 131.4203 76.63656 62.77505 147.5219 88.17866 58.42921 90.26917 59.11588
130.3735 147.8118 50.61953 63.48613 50.9827 90.23865 77.14927 122.6402 56.71712 125.2251
99.79412 102.7492 106.9282 96.99966 99.74041 98.3105 101.2358 99.51262 92.64974 95.96594
73.91125 135.2229 141.7142 107.9638 131.1121 108.797 145.822 140.0815 144.5799 109.4501
135.7479 119.4021 140.3928 77.52159 67.92352 135.0246 137.7071 111.0401 116.9637 61.20029
109.2608 86.2743 63.55327 78.57753 127.4285 145.5535 107.857 88.83175 138.4823 73.06894
76.35884 86.67409 125.338 100.0809 54.95621 149.0539 52.46895 149.527 93.22642 137.1639
121.3523 126.7602 136.2484 104.8082 135.5586 101.5336 76.34358 141.4731 104.1185 111.9617
122.0786 141.9034 139.7244 145.0499 70.72817 104.6037 112.5782 82.86233 70.38636 119.6554
135.8852 139.1903 83.41166 52.34687 98.69533 76.31306 115.1082 68.87875 91.77068 136.4284
79.42595 136.4711 66.54103 101.9639 81.04648 50.97354 79.95087 145.8525 132.3969 141.8394
129.7662 140.7559 59.75982 88.16645 72.61116 82.49001 96.55904 73.20627 86.845 64.73739
116.4266 81.78198 75.15336 102.0463 124.3278 126.69 127.7398 102.8672 84.60189 142.2239
143.1608 109.6271 84.74532 142.0469 53.57067 124.5048 77.73827 122.2526 119.1885 57.59606
86.10645 141.2564 57.77306 71.24088 64.96323 61.85034 145.764 94.08399 127.6299 105.4949
74.59487 62.2013 123.2841 126.9005 129.8364 106.5661 89.03928 145.7793 86.6802 109.8682
84.57442 118.6239 77.09128 149.8688 146.9146 79.91729 147.6928 76.39241 147.0977 55.90533
74.6559 134.4691 54.17798 96.01276 122.457 72.79427 126.2749 121.8284 108.739 52.62154
84.26923 120.632 90.6354 81.96509 138.0886 126.9982 95.61296 112.1937 59.76897 81.28758
103.9628 70.58779 116.863 65.31724 130.9351 132.7265 86.65883 131.2616 75.27848 68.69564
133.0561 122.2983 67.55425 127.5353 106.1998 106.8438 107.6373 109.1418 106.7888 115.8925
71.02115 71.84515 77.07907 78.84915 149.411 75.29069 139.3979 108.5131 106.8499 74.8146
59.74151 112.8132 63.36711 100.7187 116.6738 149.6002 64.07819 64.01715 134.5851 60.12604
115.5965 109.0442 102.1409 145.4558 68.9581 124.3889 71.42705 66.83096 91.50212 73.47179
76.7037 50.23804 68.3813 87.11051 93.25083 92.47261 77.95495 113.8081 54.12 65.32334
53.18918 51.53508 86.38112 124.9535 131.6523 139.1934 99.02493 126.0094 114.0553 127.6452
120.1498 103.1419 95.32914 143.2737 131.93 100.4776 145.3276 147.1435 119.0786 61.69469
146.3073 115.9658 117.4306 91.81646 52.01117 112.3157 85.81652 120.7877 143.3622 61.48717
118.7551 107.213 121.9291 131.6065 108.8183 105.2721 141.1557 79.21232 113.6219 57.55638
118.0807 87.85211 123.9219 54.51674 71.47282 68.93063 57.88598 118.0746 93.20811 140.1334
131.222 115.1112 53.92468 93.71471 72.5959 90.36378 76.3039 143.292 90.33021 87.97113
73.92651 119.1733 95.29252 58.6642 61.45665 120.0156 56.57979 121.0501 122.4754 131.7133
143.408 67.5634 124.2759 115.3523 62.14942 100.676 81.29673 101.9669 148.9959 140.936
146.8139 55.02335 114.2628 52.06 140.7254 72.80343 119.6097 88.30378 90.18067 104.738
65.64379 63.87982 94.08399 86.1034 140.0296 104.6648 132.4488 131.2372 96.81234 139.2239
131.7835 92.5367 92.6252 139.7794 122.6066 51.60833 131.106 146.1882 131.0266 63.94086
120.9037 60.01007 70.92959 106.914 82.34352 87.11661 85.99658 80.58565 80.69246 106.0411
125.3929 125.1061 51.01932 107.4328 57.73949 132.1162 131.2738 122.3807 67.07205 77.74743
64.37117 72.27851 110.1978 148.5992 115.7613 100.7126 135.8943 62.15552 132.2321 92.54891
135.6197 75.12894 133.2301 140.7102 87.94061 142.2544 126.2078 78.9346 121.1966 100.4349
125.1244 114.8885 115.0319 114.4551 142.1567 54.52589 60.83102 72.14728 116.0085 95.48173
77.92749 68.34468 95.69842 119.3319 76.81661 132.8303 88.52351 72.83395 147.9034 142.1781
110.4694 149.3408 100.5692 110.1001 141.6044 67.54509 76.16047 97.5631 121.8436 142.877
123.0796 52.86569 62.88186 113.5578 132.7967 70.99673 89.4818 122.2068 147.1496 90.04944
63.63872 73.9143 138.0428 73.64879 94.32814 65.36607 56.31733 111.4338 91.62114 76.13605
112.331 116.1 89.00571 61.32847 90.13794 59.69573 53.12204 106.3372 76.81967 133.1477
115.4164 131.2952 144.3846 69.39756 112.1967 148.1719 143.3775 109.6576 121.2912 106.4806
105.6413 102.6322 116.9362 54.23292 63.58379 136.2026 73.13608 77.60399 129.4519 94.89883
120.3116 62.47291 132.9707 98.06665 120.4337 108.1317 107.3656 92.54891 128.7133 73.93872
78.51039 86.20716 74.69863 110.3656 142.2605 52.89621 83.03629 113.4388 88.81649 125.7836
117.9678 85.10544 91.13895 126.809 80.11872 124.3278 73.96313 144.2473 127.929 87.0098
133.0775 98.93643 100.3769 62.22571 138.4793 93.40648 120.2963 86.44826 132.0551 59.46989
110.3565 124.3645 100.0565 92.05145 92.18879 113.3656 85.21531 113.0909 100.5173 71.12186
105.9415 99.9212 97.23112 100.6523 103.0396 101.8194 99.96332 107.1521 109.5212 96.22425
109.1906 88.56319 79.64263 73.84716 73.81664 121.4133 100.322 55.89312 90.1532 100.795
73.06894 61.88696 97.72179 106.7309 109.9902 119.8508 149.8688 75.50127 118.099 82.15125
84.85519 54.3611 126.7235 130.636 115.0472 145.9716 132.9035 86.45741 72.3487 56.1861
91.30985 87.74224 121.5751 101.4237 115.6575 68.20124 105.0493 120.3696 118.862 73.97839
141.4701 122.6798 133.2789 98.51833 82.52358 128.7896 132.7906 129.4794 52.14545 79.47478
65.38133 110.4419 90.02503 72.56844 114.3147 111.1438 133.9076 137.5301 125.9239 67.97845
114.5619 137.5637 65.26231 135.3664 85.50523 143.5362 124.7154 123.5099 125.6584 97.01071
90.78494 108.5742 122.0298 149.115 111.7573 103.4074 105.8733 67.74346 119.7928 64.27351
75.94378 53.73241 98.00562 146.6704 63.03446 56.50655 109.4623 117.2323 143.762 115.389
138.3663 60.45564 60.03449 121.514 133.1446 129.928 134.9513 112.6118 114.8579 112.1479
142.7671 71.95502 122.6432 128.8079 66.6509 141.0794 132.9676 124.6452 59.04569 143.1089
144.3388 136.6115 105.0279 99.18058 63.184 147.7386 66.48 136.7428 65.38743 54.47707
114.8671 89.42381 107.3901 147.6775 136.9961 110.3381 100.9293 143.7284 82.30384 83.57341
142.6542 65.10971 132.9829 123.571 119.3655 128.869 61.00192 78.69045 145.2147 51.29398
81.10141 143.3439 79.35575 55.78936 64.99985 96.00665 54.56252 91.7066 89.24375 77.49718
105.3941 72.91025 83.40861 65.06699 73.75866 57.31529 115.7888 148.8433 66.60207 85.55101
85.21226 75.77898 142.4741 100.9903 78.30287 51.77007 73.09946 60.0528 68.00592 122.805
106.8163 56.25629 60.57772 81.80334 89.15525 83.26212 114.7145 142.291 54.07727 104.2497
91.90497 97.93237 97.17246 129.8669 143.4324 109.154 118.6605 142.3276 148.1292 50.26246
76.60604 83.34452 138.0886 68.47896 85.01083 87.63543 147.0702 144.9217 138.702 98.03308
143.7529 81.94067 77.47276 139.0408 124.4591 64.04462 89.16135 137.9818 101.5915 82.84707
58.0752 82.313 107.3412 73.37413 98.94559 60.15656 85.94165 60.76083 88.50826 72.41279
149.53 58.36207 71.05777 77.43309 88.7463 122.0359 94.84085 85.30992 56.54317 57.05283
136.816 117.7267 60.6357 111.6474 59.37223 143.9665 66.79128 138.7631 140.7102 113.6738
94.63027 147.4273 137.9879 52.61238 100.3555 80.64974 124.0349 126.577 114.3666 134.2341
55.50554 108.6474 149.4201 53.03354 134.8598 50.00305 56.84835 127.0837 51.236 102.6688
114.1774 102.2172 93.66283 144.3907 91.77984 76.6213 113.8478 58.52382 110.6555 80.10041
80.49409 91.45329 108.3666 112.1021 75.89801 94.22437 55.95416 133.0897 127.3644 79.57244
119.4479 91.88665 71.69256 78.74538 54.64492 76.34358 91.32206 71.3538 110.799 140.5271
135.7265 80.48189 85.92334 119.158 114.6748 60.7944 119.4754 117.0949 58.87783 112.7522
118.2424 103.0351 132.2504 65.26231 139.9564 137.5973 100.7614 129.2993 80.74435 91.74017
69.7058 129.6625 71.89703 99.93744 138.4579 144.3907 143.9085 98.0575 113.5792 74.83596
119.8386 87.37907 131.5607 51.12308 108.5498 120.6809 82.76772 95.92425 123.5832 93.08298
71.10355 148.2696 62.75369 142.2422 102.2721 74.70779 105.8061 99.27519 112.624 79.16044
65.11582 133.8374 118.16 94.86221 122.3655 77.12485 120.7175 57.30003 122.57 120.4184
98.5641 73.85327 55.23698 77.56432 96.43696 76.36799 94.66994 112.2883 51.38249 79.69146
72.53792 93.13791 71.53691 112.9597 117.1773 94.01074 120.1987 146.1211 81.22959 108.3239
140.4752 55.58794 108.9312 55.93585 134.6034 67.23685 130.3705 107.0147 81.45543 87.53166
140.5332 133.1263 148.764 102.4125 147.3571 122.1274 137.109 119.9393 101.1673 79.21537
70.17273 51.03458 68.37214 142.0011 77.9458 148.4069 105.7878 66.37318 119.3899 107.1551
96.98019 52.81991 54.77004 92.39937 143.3775 66.01001 119.9942 96.64449 88.14814 87.49199
112.3341 89.54588 85.41368 110.5548 61.11179 88.85006 145.294 73.36802 97.84387 145.529
136.3857 133.4193 101.9028 128.1915 72.60201 64.03546 82.27943 100.2518 127.1966 56.85751
86.08509 105.3758 132.3298 69.60509 135.5281 57.96838 119.628 128.9056 124.7215 97.1511
135.3603 54.30006 74.30799 140.3958 144.0489 136.6817 70.01709 120.2139 117.2048 138.9309
140.5332 93.65062 146.4415 89.08811 95.73199 109.1052 107.8997 128.3349 65.94897 58.2461
87.06473 52.24616 62.86966 102.678 147.6836 131.0602 140.7437 137.2921 105.7634 71.24088
148.2635 92.32307 96.76046 63.37626 104.3474 67.13309 147.232 74.96719 117.5008 73.1605
145.2177 51.90741 86.2804 131.106 68.96725 139.8831 119.1 119.1916 114.8183 62.82693
72.49825 143.2096 113.3564 85.71886 81.29673 123.3146 60.76998 58.59706 82.32826 66.09851
105.8353 92.3769 99.01755 101.1315 102.184 100.349 107.3678 107.3235 99.76336 89.49535
129.5312 108.5742 84.06171 144.6898 76.67928 63.65093 130.2118 69.15647 123.2994 137.3531
113.4327 102.3515 78.08313 101.1093 98.3047 107.0818 132.1467 95.28642 63.28471 119.7714
86.5215 80.79318 99.72381 114.9922 71.12491 92.55806 121.8009 114.3452 63.22367 85.03525
55.02335 128.103 143.9756 89.84191 125.4418 88.03827 75.00992 90.93753 59.26237 116.0695
60.86459 128.4814 134.5607 106.682 117.8182 56.16169 113.1184 114.5009 78.91629 74.06079
55.00809 99.57732 63.1016 88.21833 93.68419 101.207 57.80053 147.7447 57.0864 66.4922
79.39543 103.3952 86.45436 116.5792 104.8387 104.5122 61.10569 127.5536 60.29695 93.49193
138.0642 117.6077 58.42921 101.0422 117.5741 66.08936 82.61208 127.6452 116.3137 106.3005
94.67299 80.9183 80.09735 68.1402 119.3045 53.86059 134.2402 146.3805 83.87555 98.41456
129.046 139.4833 112.4409 67.83197 67.66717 53.67748 138.461 107.5732 124.1478 69.81262
132.403 80.28047 118.7887 118.4896 138.7204 75.0618 59.84527 119.3075 63.68755 119.628
132.1833 103.9567 104.5976 112.9292 132.7052 62.45155 85.82568 88.36482 81.26011 95.51225
124.984 126.3848 111.4704 139.877 99.10733 51.68767 62.26234 98.19483 119.6188 121.157
72.89499 68.19514 113.0787 102.8367 60.10163 59.3936 146.0662 89.00876 131.5241 99.27519
96.84896 56.3509 65.54918 103.6821 55.5269 60.99582 132.4152 92.1308 128.7255 108.7848
93.00668 84.72701 96.36372 63.90728 115.3859 64.19111 61.34068 129.3664 126.339 143.9451
117.1316 123.9555 86.18885 145.0652 100.5875 80.87863 119.4967 54.96536 75.21439 142.645
139.8465 96.57125 120.3635 63.50749 51.18717 104.7197 140.6674 54.49538 64.14838 83.26212
85.38926 104.976 72.63863 136.4284 56.592 75.90411 85.30686 84.73312 64.65194 57.05893
139.9472 78.65993 146.6552 107.7837 126.4763 121.9199 57.73339 103.7339 95.77471 108.385
65.94287 56.70492 52.3011 147.763 106.9658 65.60106 111.9526 63.10465 118.0746 140.7376
97.93847 103.676 147.4792 59.1464 66.54408 52.24921 116.1061 77.57347 136.1812 75.03128
136.4711 134.6492 143.0876 122.0725 82.52052 128.0694 103.4501 113.0421 111.5894 80.4239
111.2598 60.41292 63.13517 126.635 104.4969 65.78722 147.4242 105.5559 73.34666 139.4375
66.47084 119.5883 84.72701 143.9207 68.27143 142.0957 71.9306 102.6841 77.13401 121.1875
141.3053 102.8245 67.37114 132.2138 94.78591 88.09015 58.23695 68.26228 114.8061 81.21433
91.27934 58.12098 129.6533 129.3054 146.3775 120.8487 149.0295 73.70678 129.9768 146.3866
131.6553 57.83105 56.41194 106.2181 139.4375 84.02203 91.11759 76.52364 62.48817 141.2687
97.1633 69.81567 134.0754 114.9098 140.8017 140.3165 113.0848 122.1824 138.583 130.5322
113.9912 70.08118 127.2362 114.9861 117.6107 131.5912 115.6209 60.9714 56.57369 52.84433
83.21024 124.0562 139.8831 74.92447 79.41069 115.5751 72.81259 110.1184 102.5315 68.10663
92.34443 111.7115 60.73946 73.85937 59.09452 63.9378 114.7755 75.09537 78.83999 93.90088
115.5873 139.7732 87.98029 143.5209 139.053 128.0663 98.00867 135.7784 54.0315 131.4844
146.2828 135.2931 75.43107 148.6785 52.37434 107.6495 82.71889 64.86862 56.25019 138.8699
139.8068 111.1408 53.70495 71.1005 89.25291 56.93686 137.9879 140.9238 148.7121 61.06906
143.6491 98.0636 67.21549 98.83572 127.9015 95.44816 99.0524 108.1286 55.34684 137.9635
66.62648 112.3768 144.937 92.49092 100.206 117.6504 118.3126 83.09122 61.25828 140.82
103.5356 135.5831 100.972 65.10361 107.1673 81.44932 95.61907 76.78304 108.1042 102.1561
97.21824 84.75448 53.50658 135.1466 130.6177 60.889 56.48213 51.03458 51.6419 62.1952
100.0473 112.8895 69.49217 55.2736 58.2461 137.0724 81.26011 125.0237 59.82391 121.9474
103.1907 58.99686 100.6058 145.526 61.05991 135.0063 87.19596 51.46489 117.3788 129.7662
147.5158 131.3807 85.4503 130.8008 148.3917 55.73443 140.2219 56.59505 79.7647 98.02393
127.1538 116.1061 66.69362 61.76794 88.493 65.01511 137.7956 145.172 97.60582 111.4948
57.78222 119.4296 121.9749 147.5341 134.3165 144.4761 69.81262 74.35682 125.0481 111.9922
119.4021 139.8312 146.6704 110.7898 147.4853 51.34587 144.5402 60.7242 144.5524 86.90298
110.1978 84.94064 67.50542 53.67443 80.8359 130.5872 72.94382 65.12497 98.54274 115.2486
76.33442 63.8493 120.7968 57.86157 73.86853 141.4396 50.3235 63.82794 127.9595 96.20808
124.9138 57.94397 110.5243 98.10327 148.4069 61.45665 71.1829 123.0399 91.31596 64.14228
96.31184 66.79128 82.13599 86.94876 76.37715 77.30186 74.46974 110.445 88.20002 143.5484
80.12787 101.3474 119.7806 52.14545 140.2676 125.6645 53.93078 64.51765 50.2533 79.57854
105.2182 99.06613 97.16202 103.8978 100.7893 90.3083 98.69735 94.10291 91.93133 105.0188
147.5616 64.46272 107.2497 140.1364 82.50526 108.0493 96.2569 118.7033 95.38713 67.58477
120.5802 102.2446 70.36805 80.47884 95.11856 101.0025 129.8029 66.51662 149.6704 82.37098
120.2567 144.6257 135.4915 58.829 87.47673 96.10126 64.80758 90.1471 124.1844 128.5791
79.98444 76.20624 100.7401 106.2426 146.3195 124.6361 139.1263 62.13721 99.26908 102.504
91.16337 79.08414 107.1642 68.82687 131.8354 91.73101 136.5322 64.93881 132.4488 98.24061
51.12003 133.2575 105.0981 105.8885 91.43498 110.4419 58.27967 54.82192 131.1121 96.25385
66.5746 78.49818 51.69378 147.7355 135.1558 129.0338 80.70162 70.66713 81.22654 112.035
136.4742 91.20914 104.2802 144.1191 104.7777 80.26521 137.4142 97.11753 128.6035 140.1914
77.369 111.8122 127.5323 74.34767 148.5931 141.8973 83.56731 134.753 79.70367 118.041
95.22538 136.0103 99.86114 87.9284 120.1712 78.1991 57.56859 55.90228 111.1011 66.35182
62.45766 118.3798 98.29249 62.75674 65.0853 95.87848 65.32334 96.08905 62.80862 106.6485
140.5179 92.56111 74.22254 68.93063 56.48824 56.44246 85.63952 110.036 53.3845 66.25721
108.7054 50.75686 116.8966 72.40669 101.6648 103.8224 145.6816 70.777 106.4959 127.1752
132.165 109.0014 50.18311 66.96524 79.35881 52.75277 54.50148 72.46162 131.9239 114.6596
137.8872 76.28254 133.3522 147.2747 94.41053 103.4196 123.7205 75.09537 71.37822 119.5242
80.53072 107.5976 50.82705 93.10434 64.57869 62.61635 58.9816 64.80758 113.5029 66.11377
81.36692 115.5507 91.77679 87.26615 96.77877 124.7978 87.63237 58.79238 115.2791 138.9859
127.163 105.3728 50.14649 100.2274 78.95901 59.29899 108.2507 122.6951 51.87689 127.5842
133.0988 145.9441 132.3359 104.973 121.8284 126.2719 119.9362 51.89215 65.35997 102.3576
117.7938 57.56249 55.13016 99.23246 144.1435 64.8381 125.3075 59.78729 108.0401 60.08332
121.5384 148.3306 63.62957 70.88992 119.0603 126.3939 113.86 78.08313 90.45534 133.4651
133.3583 127.0684 109.9475 109.0625 99.06461 125.1549 134.1456 68.80551 59.75372 112.5965
91.17862 125.045 121.3004 100.2518 126.4153 110.4022 66.46168 137.8292 64.21247 136.2087
94.64858 133.0012 62.76894 118.6148 126.69 92.39631 125.2464 87.52861 115.978 141.3114
134.228 67.27958 78.29981 84.57747 88.11762 139.227 64.15143 114.3452 59.69573 73.29173
106.2273 81.45238 85.99048 88.71578 60.59297 67.62139 140.0113 108.0157 101.7747 117.3605
63.14127 100.0229 122.6157 121.099 78.95901 139.1415 126.1956 105.5437 66.03442 78.74844
55.20951 131.6401 90.3119 72.24799 137.1029 106.972 64.77401 57.05283 129.3909 76.14216
64.58785 82.63955 67.96319 143.115 125.634 100.2213 121.8741 135.0764 67.78314 82.34352
130.5719 100.4776 123.4611 80.57649 108.507 144.4182 74.99771 126.0857 121.0471 111.3819
125.4936 93.29356 113.1428 104.4939 65.79333 61.7008 126.8883 145.6114 77.6162 74.05164
78.56838 58.79849 94.07788 74.36598 83.08817 134.2708 120.2994 78.61415 99.15311 67.02628
71.75359 75.21439 115.6026 121.3919 135.4213 112.3829 134.6522 127.459 62.92459 86.6924
59.94598 122.2892 111.4093 106.9628 107.4969 66.52272 90.90396 113.3259 109.5141 130.1447
110.3229 73.05368 94.95376 124.2973 125.1183 84.19599 88.09626 85.67614 57.03452 124.8405
124.4926 90.26002 81.47984 98.42982 57.13523 58.1637 56.21052 110.9638 93.15317 77.89392
115.1662 137.3898 131.9391 123.5771 96.01276 67.05679 147.5951 98.76247 95.58245 118.1509
68.62239 135.406 50.31434 68.37214 50.20142 73.60912 116.0024 143.1272 72.425 81.74841
147.8729 125.5181 78.54091 141.6257 95.82354 123.1437 60.64791 72.09845 68.72616 127.2546
91.61504 97.66991 134.8506 105.6719 50.95828 77.33543 54.99588 71.11881 66.97745 122.0542
53.39061 76.65487 144.8912 114.7267 65.74755 128.6981 148.9776 139.227 129.812 80.26215
116.0482 85.32823 132.1802 103.2609 77.90613 71.90008 141.3663 112.9536 105.2629 116.0604
121.6269 89.69848 78.49513 117.7664 78.82473 121.4988 78.58058 114.098 51.06815 68.11884
88.17255 136.4284 147.7508 136.0836 82.45643 124.4072 59.78729 106.6301 147.1313 112.5813
55.46281 81.62023 101.5366 114.9434 100.3311 82.12683 128.4631 147.4487 67.07511 76.82882
123.7754 143.701 133.1019 110.2985 113.741 134.5851 119.7134 147.8698 83.21635 56.34175
135.876 54.67238 121.7399 89.54894 110.8966 127.1508 123.5984 90.37294 96.45222 84.72396
115.1723 96.07685 73.82275 61.948 135.1711 147.5951 129.4549 130.3369 126.7174 75.21439
124.7063 50.51576 82.55715 56.01215 82.92642 142.3185 147.7905 118.2791 82.58461 102.9283
64.94797 139.935 118.3401 133.1355 108.388 64.68551 76.71285 66.55934 63.12906 93.40037
101.9144 101.138 98.59316 100.2747 98.80532 101.3359 102.8297 96.74075 92.88876 99.61419
Sample from Poisson Distribution with mean 0.5
1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0
0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 2
1 0 1 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 1 0
0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 0
0 0 3 1 1 0 2 0 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 4 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1
2 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 2 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0
2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0.4 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4
0 1 1 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 3
0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0
0 3 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0
3 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0
1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 0 2 0 2 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0
0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 2 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 2
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 2 2 1 3 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1
1 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1
0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 4 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 3 2 0 2 0 3 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 3 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 4 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 4 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 3
0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 3
0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 0 0 3 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 3 0 1 2 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 2
1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3
1 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
3 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 2
2 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 0
2 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 4 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 2
0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 2 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
2 0 2 0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 2 1 0
1 4 1 0
1 1 1 0
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
0 1 1 2
0 0 0 0
1 2 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 2 0 0
2 0 0 2
0 2 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 1 2 1
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 2 0
1 2 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 3 0
0 0 0 0
0 2 0 0
0 0 1 0
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3

Simulation - Central Limit Theorem
Uniform Distribution [50, 150]
number of samples 100 Bin Frequency

Histogram
sample sizes 50 90 2 30
mean 100.0566 92 3
25
std dev 4.318735 94 5
96 4 20
Population statistics 98 9
mean 100 100 27 15
stdev 28.86751 102 23
10
104 10
Central limit theorem forecast 106 9 5
mean 100 108 5
stdev 4.082483 110 3 0
90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106
More 0
Poisson Distribution = 0.5 Bin Frequency

0.24 0 Histogram
number of samples 100 0.26 0 16
sample sizes 50 0.28 3 14
mean 0.4974 0.3 1
12
std dev 0.107784 0.32 3
10
0.34 0
Population statistics 0.36 3 8
mean 0.5 0.38 5 6
stdev 0.707107 0.4 5 4
0.42 6 2
Central limit theorem forecast 0.44 7 0
mean 0.5 0.46 14
24 28 32 36 0.
4 44 48 52 56
stdev 0.1 0.48 6 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.5 3
0.52 8
0.54 5
0.56 5
0.58 5
0.6 5
0.62 5
0.64 3
0.66 3
0.68 0
More 5
Means
102.7027 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Histogram 102.8922
85.96301
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
102.1696
99.5255
101.4333
97.35221
98 100 102 104 106 108 110 More
97.96338
101.139
98.24006
98.09082
Histogram 95.96606
105.3926
101.9538
95.75506
105.8774
100.9865
103.0756
99.0314
101.0705
99.50243
99.74529
4 100.8436
0. 44 48 52 56 0.
6 64 68
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 100.7378
105.4794
108.0139
98.04413
101.3155
98.62215
101.7113
98.2981
98.33247
98.77096
108.0482
105.7915
93.79064
98.24915
93.06192
105.3775
106.2139
98.22266
101.0479
98.80343
99.79412
102.7492
106.9282
96.99966
99.74041
98.3105
101.2358
99.51262
92.64974
95.96594
105.9415
99.9212
97.23112
100.6523
103.0396
101.8194
99.96332
107.1521
109.5212
96.22425
105.8353
92.3769
99.01755
101.1315
102.184
100.349
107.3678
107.3235
99.76336
89.49535
105.2182
99.06613
97.16202
103.8978
100.7893
90.3083
98.69735
94.10291
91.93133
105.0188
101.9144
101.138
98.59316
100.2747
98.80532
101.3359
102.8297
96.74075
92.88876
99.61419
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Sample of normal data
random norm x norm y mean 60

1 0.876415 83.14502 0.010211 std dev 20
2 0.711879 71.17768 0.017063 size 25
3 0.264478 47.40798 0.016361
4 0.985095 103.4523 0.001883 0.025
5 0.685177 69.64448 0.017758
6 0.273419 47.94989 0.016636
7 0.598766 65.00307 0.019333 0.02
8 0.517125 60.85878 0.019929
9 0.39795 54.82688 0.019291 0.015
10 0.382561 54.02475 0.019076
11 0.56687 63.36822 0.019666
12 0.035777 23.9612 0.003934 0.01
13 0.503969 60.19897 0.019946
14 0.946549 92.24544 0.005438 0.005
15 0.080219 31.92804 0.007449
16 0.026852 21.41563 0.003102
0
17 0.750708 73.53441 0.015865
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
18 0.187478 42.25543 0.013457
19 0.11845 36.34455 0.009911
20 0.48781 59.38878 0.019938
21 0.325862 50.97264 0.018015
22 0.67587 69.12362 0.017976
23 0.485684 59.28214 0.019934
24 0.228099 45.09754 0.015112
25 0.403046 55.09061 0.019355
70 80 90 100 110
Random Number Generation
RANDOM # % weights WRAND

1 4 1 6 30% 1 50 1 1
2 3 2 3 15% 2 10 2 1
3 1 3 5 25% 3 20 3 1
4 2 4 6 30% 4 20 4 1
5 1 5 4
6 4 6 4
7 3 7 1
8 2 8 2
9 4 9 4
10 1 10 1
11 1 11 2
12 1 12 1
13 4 13 4
14 2 14 1
15 4 15 1
16 3 16 4
17 3 17 1
18 1 18 3
19 4 19 1
20 3 20 1
# % WRANDOM
1 12 60% #NAME?
2 2 10% #NAME?
3 1 5%
4 5 25%
Sampling
Population Sample =RANDOMIZE(A6:B15)
Men Women Group 1 Group 2 #NAME? 20 18 15

2 1 Random Periodic 1 5 9 15
5 3 17 6 20 8 17 11
7 6 24 24 1 2 22 20
8 10 2 19 9 21 10 21
9 12 2 2 21 17 2
11 24 21
15 16 8
17 18
20 19
21 22
Men Women w/repl w/o repl

2 1 #NAME? #NAME?
5 3 8 9
7 6 5 10
8 10 11 2
9 12 3 17
11 24 12 24
15 16
17 18
20 19
21 22
=SHUFFLE(A6:B15) #NAME?
12
#NAME? 17 8 10 1
19 15 6 20 18
7 11 5 #NAME? 7
2 24 22 #NAME? 11
3 1 21 #NAME? 22
12 16 9 #NAME? 17
19
9
15
5
20
10
21
8
24
6
16
3
Sampling without replacement Sampling with replacement
SHUFFLE
Pop Random Sample Pop Sample
2 0.492248 1 2 12 #NAME?
5 0.316254 12 5 6 21
7 0.113027 22 7 15 6
8 0.707028 11 8 17 3
9 0.715893 9 9 17 16
11 0.533716 20 11 19 8
15 0.486066 15 15
17 0.250633 17 7
20 0.63924 20 20
21 0.208697 21 17
1 0.503682 1 22
3 0.930071 3 10
6 0.388885 6 5
10 0.982445 10 11
12 0.944431 12 2
24 0.275954 24 9
16 0.950131 16 1
18 0.591335 18 24
19 0.37045 19 19
22 0.120506 22 12
=RANDOMIZE(E4:E23) =SHUFFLE(A4:A23)
#NAME? 16 21 10 #NAME? 3 9 19
2 18 19 10 6 16 20 11
11 5 24 6 18 10 2 #NAME?
22 20 7 5 21 17 5 #NAME?
6 24 1 21 12 8 15 #NAME?
16 5 9 22 22 24 7 #NAME?
Single Sample Hypothesis Testing of the Mean
population
mean 60
stdev 12
test
sample size 110
alpha 0.05
tails 1
s.e. 1.144155
right crit 61.88197
Power
mean beta power

61.8819677 0.5 0.5
61.9 0.493713 0.506287
62.0 0.458918 0.541082
62.1 0.424434 0.575566
62.2 0.390521 0.609479
62.3 0.35742 0.64258
62.4 0.325359 0.674641 Power
62.5 0.294542 0.705458 1.00
62.6 0.265144 0.734856 0.95
62.7 0.237315 0.762685 0.90
62.8 0.21117 0.78883 0.85
62.9 0.186795 0.813205 0.80
63.0 0.164243 0.835757 0.75
63.1 0.143535 0.856465 0.70
63.2 0.124667 0.875333 0.65
63.3 0.107604 0.892396 0.60
63.4 0.092292 0.907708 0.55
63.5 0.078656 0.921344 0.50
63.6 0.066604 0.933396 61.5 62 62.5 63 63.5 64 64.5 65
63.7 0.056033 0.943967
63.8 0.046832 0.953168
63.9 0.038885 0.961115
64.0 0.032072 0.967928
64.1 0.026276 0.973724
64.2 0.021384 0.978616
64.3 0.017284 0.982716
64.4 0.013876 0.986124
Calculate power for given effect size
effect mean beta power

0.2 62.4 0.325359 0.674641
What mean can be detected with power .80
effect mean beta power

0.237098 62.84517 0.199937 0.800063
What sample size is needed to achieve power of .80 for given value of mean
size mean beta power

22.60016 64 0.20071 0.79929
What sample size is needed to achieve power of .80 for given effect size
size effect mean beta power

379.5906 0.2 62.4 0.200154 0.799846
64 64.5 65
value of mean
Power - Normal Distribution (What if analysis)
Hypothetic mean 60
Standard deviation 12
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 110
Standard error 1.144155 =B4/SQRT(B6)
Right critical value 61.88197 =NORM.INV(1-B5,B3,B7)
Effect size 0.2
Actual mean 62.4 =B3+B9*B4
Beta 0.325359 =NORM.DIST(B8,B10,B7,TRUE)
Power 0.674641 =1-B11
Power - Standard Normal Distribution
effect size 0.2

alpha 0.05
sample size 110
z-crit 1.644854 =NORM.S.INV(1-B17)
power 0.674641 =NORM.S.DIST(B16*SQRT(B18)-B19, TRUE)
Effect Size - Standard Normal Distribution
power 0.8
alpha 0.05
sample size 110
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 =NORM.S.INV(1-B25)
z-crit (beta) -0.84162 =NORM.S.INV(1-B24)
effect size 0.237076 =(B27-B28)/SQRT(B26)
Sample Size - Standard Normal Distribution
power 0.8
alpha 0.05
effect size 0.2
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 =NORM.S.INV(1-B25)
sample size 154.5639 =((B36-B37)/B35)^2
Real Statistics Functions
0.674641 =NORM1_POWER(B16,B18,1,B17)
154.5639 =NORM1_SIZE(B35,B33,1,B34)
Power - Standard Normal Distribution
effect size (d) 0.2

alpha () 0.05
sample size (n) 110
non-centrality () 2.097618 =B3*SQRT(B5)
z-crit 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B4/2)
power 0.554768 =NORM.S.DIST(B6-B7,TRUE)+NORM.S.DIST(-B6-B7,TRUE)
Effect Size - Standard Normal Distribution
power 0.8
alpha 0.05
sample size 110
z-crit (alpha) 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B13/2)
effect size 0.267121 =(B15-B16)/SQRT(B14)
Sample Size - Standard Normal Distribution
power 0.8
alpha 0.05
effect size 0.2
z-crit (alpha) 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B22/2)
sample size 196.222 =((B24-B25)/B23)^2
0.554768 =NORM1_POWER(B3,B5,2,B4)
196.222 =NORM1_SIZE(B23,B21,2,B22)
Power of two-sample testing of the mean Power of two-sample test
Control Nutrient Control Nutrient

82.67 89.03 109.13 106.18 95.47 117.51 sample size 30 30
90.11 94.51 81.59 100.86 108.66 115.64 sample mean 95.74 106.69
89.20 93.32 94.99 129.85 83.32 97.22 pop std dev 16.00 16.00
119.15 89.26 101.34 100.30 117.64 131.04
83.01 110.36 104.82 87.56 96.90 101.58 alpha 0.05
93.61 92.52 106.92 96.87 66.46 103.80 pooled variance 17.06667
88.42 112.87 80.50 112.57 87.80 111.99 pooled std dev 4.131182
97.02 64.05 106.31 148.36 115.52 119.34 ncp () 2.651461
126.11 80.06 85.46 131.62 102.34 95.10
127.96 74.13 103.69 114.60 97.01 107.62 tails one two
z-crit 1.644854 1.959964
1- 0.842938 0.755375

one 0.842938
two 0.755375
=I6^2/I4+J6^2/J4
=SQRT(I9)
=(J5-I5)/I10
=NORM.S.INV(1-I8/2)
=NORM.S.DIST(I11-J14,TRUE)+NORM.S.DIST(-I11-J14,TRUE)
=NORM2_POWER(J5-I5,I6,J6,I4,,1)
=NORM2_POWER(J5-I5,I6,J6,J4)
Effect size of a two-sample test Real Statistics functions
Sample 1 Sample 2
sample size 50 60
sample std dev 5.00 8.00
pooled std dev 1.251666 =SQRT(B5^2/B4+C5^2/C4)

alpha 0.05
1- 0.8
#NAME?
tails one two
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B8)
ncp () 2.486475 2.801585 =B13-B10
|2-1| 3.112235 3.506648 =B14*B7
Sample size of a two-sample test
Sample 1 Sample 2
alpha 0.05
1- 0.8
|2-1| 1.5
ratio 1.0
#NAME?
tails one two
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B23)
ncp () 2.486475 2.801585 =B30-B25
n1 56.27501 71.44225 =(B31/B26)^2*(B21^2+C21^2/B27) 56.27501
n2 56.27501 71.44225 =B27*B32 71.44225
Alternative approach
Sample 1 Sample 2
n2 57 72
alpha 0.05
1- 0.8
z-crit (beta) -0.84162 =NORMSINV(1-B42)
|2-1| 1.5
#NAME?
tails one two
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 1.959964 =NORMSINV(1-B41)
ncp () 2.486475 2.801585 =B47-B43 55.56823
n1 55.56823 70.89307 =B38^2/((B44/B48)^2-C38^2/B39) 70.89307
al Statistics functions
=NORM2_SIZE(B26,B21,C21,B24,1)
=NORM2_SIZE(B26,B21,C21)
=NORM2_SIZE(B44,B38,C38,B42,1,B41,-B39)
=NORM2_SIZE(B44,B38,C38,B42,2,B41,-C39)
Outliers and Missing Data Box Plot Outliers and Missing Data
A B C A B C A
1 19 12 145 Min 8 3 125 mean 36.84615
2 41 27 125 Q1-Min 11 18.75 7.5 stdev 23.98905
3 29 18 190 Med-Q1 16 5.25 17.5 # outliers 0
4 95 23 135 Q3-Med 13 26 27.5 # blank 0
5 8 72 220 Max-Q3 11 19 42.5 # non-num 0
6 29 27 1 -0.74393
7 11 27 130 Min 8 3 125 2 0.173156
8 59 53 210 Q1 19 21.75 132.5 3 -0.32707
9 41 3 3 Median 35 27 150 4 2.424183
10 48 45 165 Q3 48 53 177.5 5 -1.20247
11 53 53 165 Max 59 72 220 6 -0.32707
12 35 125 150 Mean 36.84615 40.41667 148.9091 7 -1.07741
13 11 x 8 0.923498
Grand Min 0 9 0.173156
10 0.464956
11 0.673384
12 -0.07696
13 -1.07741
nd Missing Data
B C
40.41667 148.9091
33.08792 57.81082
Box Plot
1 1 200
0 2 180
1 0 160
-0.85882 -0.06762 140
-0.40549 -0.41357 120
-0.67749 0.710782 100
-0.52638 -0.2406 80
0.954528 1.229716 60
-0.40549 40
-0.40549 -0.32709 20
0.3803 1.056738 0
A B C
-1.13083 -2.52391 *
0.13852 0.278337
0.3803 0.278337
2.55632 0.01887 *
*******
Identifying outliers mean and stdev q1, q3 and iqr
34.7 50.3 47.3 -0.5858 0.233386 0.075851 -0.28294 0.064795 0

23.7 44.2 39.4 -1.16343 -0.08694 -0.33899 -1.23326 0 0
45.8 39.9 99.5 -0.00292 -0.31274 2.816972 0 0 4.315335
37.5 41.7 52.8 -0.43877 -0.21822 0.364666 -0.04104 0 0.280778
42.8 36.1 71.1 -0.16045 -0.51228 1.325634 0 -0.16199 1.861771
10.6 41.4 66.6 -1.85134 -0.23397 1.08933 -2.36501 0 1.473002
mean 45.85556 median 42.25

stdev 19.0433 q1 37.975
q3 49.55
iqr 11.575
Binomial distribution
x f(x)
0 0.003171 Binomial Distribution (n = 20, p = .25)
1 0.021141 0.25
2 0.066948
3 0.133896 0.20
4 0.189685
5 0.202331 0.15
6 0.168609
7 0.112406 0.10
8 0.060887
9 0.027061 0.05
10 0.009922
11 0.003007 0.00
12 0.000752 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 0.000154
14 2.57E-05
15 3.43E-06
16 3.57E-07
17 2.8E-08
18 1.56E-09
19 5.46E-11
20 9.09E-13
x F(x)
0 0.16151
Cummulative Binomial (n = 10, p = 1/6)
1 0.48452
2 0.77523 1.2
3 0.93027
1.0
4 0.98454
5 0.99756 0.8
6 0.99973
7 0.99998 0.6
8 1.00000
0.4
9 1.00000
10 1.00000 0.2
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
= .25)
15 16 17 18 19 20
= 1/6)
9 10 11
Binomial Distribution
Example 0 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
x 4 x 3 n 9 x
n 10 n 10 p 0.5 n
p 0.166667 p 0.166667 0.05 p
C(n,x) 210 F(x) 0.930272 crit 7 F(x)
f(x) 0.054266 p-value 0.069728 p-value
0.05 x 8
f(x) 0.054266 sig no p-value 0.001953 sig
crit 4 x 7 crit
p-value 0.019531
Example 3
13
24
0.35
0.983581
0.016419
0.05
yes
12
Relationship of binomial with normal distribution
n 20
p 0.25
np 5
np(1-p) 3.75
stdev 1.936492
x B(n,p) N(np,stdev)
0 0.003171 0.007349
1 0.021141 0.024401
Binomial vs Normal Distribution
2 0.066948 0.06205 0.25
3 0.133896 0.120857
4 0.189685 0.180297 0.2
5 0.202331 0.206013
6 0.168609 0.180297 0.15 Bin
Nor
7 0.112406 0.120857
8 0.060887 0.06205 0.1
9 0.027061 0.024401
10 0.009922 0.007349 0.05
11 0.003007 0.001695
12 0.000752 0.0003 0
13 0.000154 4.05E-05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
14 2.57E-05 4.2E-06
15 3.43E-06 3.34E-07
16 3.57E-07 2.03E-08
17 2.8E-08 9.45E-10
18 1.56E-09 3.37E-11
19 5.46E-11 9.21E-13
20 9.09E-13 1.93E-14
mal Distribution
Binomial
Normal
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Binomial Distribution - Critical Values
n 100 n 100 n 100

p 0.4 p 0.4 p 0.4
tails 2 tails 2 tails 2
alpha 0.05 alpha 0.049566 alpha 0.054198
/2 0.025 /2 0.024783 /2 0.027099
1-/2 0.975 1-/2 0.975217 1-/2 0.972901
inv crit inv crit inv

left 31 30 left 30 30 left 31
right 50 50 right 50 50 right 49
x p-value x p-value x
30 0.024783 30 0.024783 30
31 0.039848 31 0.039848 31
49 0.972901 49 0.972901 49
50 0.983238 50 0.983238 50
crit
30
49
p-value
0.024783
0.039848
0.972901
0.983238
Proportion Distribution
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4
n 600 n 1100 0.05 n

x 325 p 0.5 z-crit 1.959964 x1
p 0.5 x 0.53 goal 0.025 x2
0.05 s.e. 0.015048 max s.e. .5/sqrt(n) x
p-value 0.981376 0.05 n 1536.584 x2-x1
sig yes p-value 0.9769 s.e.
sig yes 0.01
Normal approximation z-crit 2.575829 p-value
goal 0.025 sig
n 600 mean 0.53 max s.e. .5/sqrt(n)
p 0.5 s.e. 0.015048 n 2653.959 crit
x 0.541667 0.05
s.e. 0.020412 z-crit 1.959964
0.05 lower 0.500506
p-value 0.979387 upper 0.559494
sig yes
mean 0.53
s.e. 0.015048
0.01
z-crit 2.575829
lower 0.491238
upper 0.568762
Example 4
200
0.5
0.6
0.55
0.1
0.049749
0.05
0.977788
yes
0.097507
Geometric distribution
x 5 x f(x)
k 1 0 0.2
p 0.2 1 0.16
f(x) 0.065536 =NEGBINOM.DIST(B3,B4,B5,FALSE) 2 0.128
F(x) 0.737856 =NEGBINOM.DIST(B3,B4,B5,TRUE) 3 0.1024
4 0.08192
5 0.065536
tot 0.737856
Negative binomial distribution
x 3 x f(x)
k 12 0 0.013841
p 0.7 1 0.049829
f(x) 0.136032 =NEGBINOM.DIST(B13,B14,B15,FALSE) 2 0.097166
F(x) 0.296868 =NEGBINOM.DIST(B13,B14,B15,TRUE) 3 0.136032
tot 0.296868
Inverse of negative binomial distribution
22 =NEGBINOM_INV(0.95, B14, B15) + B14
x 10
k 12
p 0.7
f(x) 0.028828
F(x) 0.961255
=NEGBINOMDIST(F4,1,0.2)
=SUM(G4:G9)
=SUM(G14:G17)
Hypergeometric Distribution
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
x 2 3 x 0 x 3
n 3 3 n 200 n 100
k 4 4 x 200 m 500
m 12 12 m 49998
p 0.218182 0.018182 0.236364 p 0.447876
1-p 0.552124
Example 3 Example 4
k p
0 0 p 0.995
1 Err:502 n 50
2 Err:502 k 20
3 0.007808 m 3000
4 0.025138 x 2
5 0.050554
6 0.081295 x 2
7 0.114331 n 50
8 0.146938 k 20
9 0.176953 m 3000
10 0.202849 p 0.995932
11 0.223704
12 0.239105
13 0.249052
14 0.25384
15 0.253971
16 0.250063
17 0.242793
18 0.23284
19 0.220854
20 0.207431
21 0.193098
22 0.178309
23 0.163444
24 0.148808
25 0.13464
26 0.121121
27 0.108376
28 0.096489
29 0.085505
30 0.07544
31 0.066285
32 0.058015
33 0.050589
34 0.04396
35 0.038073
36 0.03287
37 0.028293
38 0.024282
39 0.020783
40 0.01774
41 0.015105
42 0.012829
43 0.01087
44 0.00919
45 0.007752
46 0.006525
47 0.00548
48 0.004594
49 0.003843
50 0.003209
Beta distribution
alpha
n 500 n 500 x 2 4 6
37 37 8 0 0 0 0
463 463 0.02 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 Be
x 0.1 alpha 0.05 =2 0.04 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 1.0
F(x) 0.980716 lower 0.052742 =4 0.06 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.9
upper 0.098482 =6 0.08 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.8
0.7
0.1 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.6
0.12 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.5
0.14 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.4
0.16 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.3
0.18 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.2
0.2 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.1
0.22 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.0
0.24 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0 06 12 18 24 .3
0. 0. 0. 0. 0
0.26 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.28 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.3 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.32 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
Be
1.0
0.34 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.9
0.36 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.8
0.38 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.7
0.4 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.6
0.42 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.5
0.44 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.4
0.46 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.3
0.48 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.2
0.5 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.1
0.52 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0.0
0.54 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0 06 12 18 24 .3
0 . 0 . 0 . 0. 0
0.56 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.58 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.6 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 Be
0.62 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 4.0
0.64 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
3.5
0.66 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
3.0
0.68 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.7 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 2.5
0.72 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 2.0
0.74 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 1.5
0.76 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 1.0
0.78 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.5
0.8 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.0
0.82 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0 06 12 18 24 .3
0 . 0. 0. 0 . 0
1.0
0.5
0.0
0 06 12 18 24 .3
0.84 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518 0 . 0. 0. 0 . 0
0.86 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.88 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.9 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.92 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.94 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.96 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
0.98 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
alpha
x 1
1 0 Err:518
Beta Distribution = 8 0.02 Err:518
1.0 =1 0.04 Err:518
0.9 =2 0.06 Err:518
0.8 =4 0.08 Err:518
0.7
0.1 Err:518
0.6 =2
=4 0.12 Err:518
0.5
=6 0.14 Err:518
0.4
0.3 0.16 Err:518
0.2 0.18 Err:518
0.1 0.2 Err:518
0.0 0.22 Err:518
0 06 12 18 24 .3 36 42 48 54 .6 66 72 78 84 .9 96 0.24 Err:518
0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0. 0 0.
0.26 Err:518
0.28 Err:518
0.3 Err:518
Beta Distribution = 1 0.32 Err:518
1.0
0.34 Err:518
0.9
0.36 Err:518
0.8
0.38 Err:518
0.7
0.6 =1 0.4 Err:518
0.5 =2 0.42 Err:518
0.4 =4 0.44 Err:518
0.3 0.46 Err:518
0.2 0.48 Err:518
0.1 0.5 Err:518
0.0 0.52 Err:518
0 06 12 18 24 .3 36 42 48 54 .6 66 72 78 84 .9 96 0.54 Err:518
0 . 0 . 0 . 0. 0 0 . 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0 . 0 0 .
0.56 Err:518
0.58 Err:518
Beta Distribution = .5 0.6 Err:518
4.0
0.62 Err:518
0.64 Err:518
3.5
0.66 Err:518
3.0
0.68 Err:518
2.5 = .5 0.7 Err:518
2.0 =1 0.72 Err:518
=2 0.74 Err:518
1.5
1.0 0.76 Err:518
0.78 Err:518
0.5
0.8 Err:518
0.0
0.82 Err:518
0 06 12 18 24 .3 36 42 48 54 .6 66 72 78 84 .9 96
0 . 0. 0. 0 . 0 0. 0 . 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0 . 0 0.
1.0
0.5
0.0
0 06 12 18 24 .3 36 42 48 54 .6 66 72 78 84 .9 96
0 . 0. 0. 0 . 0 0. 0 . 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0 . 0 0. 0.84 Err:518
0.86 Err:518
0.88 Err:518
0.9 Err:518
0.92 Err:518
0.94 Err:518
0.96 Err:518
0.98 Err:518
alpha alpha
2 4 x 0.5 1 2
0 0 0.5 0 Err:518 Err:518 0
Err:518 Err:518 0.02 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
Err:518 Err:518 = .5 0.04 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
Err:518 Err:518 =1 0.06 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
Err:518 Err:518 =2 0.08 Err:518 Err:518 Err:518
Multinomial distribution
x1 4
x2 0
x3 6
p1 0.375
p2 0.125
p3 0.5
multinomial 210 =MULTINOMIAL(B3:B5)
p1^x1 0.019775 =B6^B3
p2^x2 1 =B7^B4
p3^x3 0.015625 =B8^B5
prob 0.064888 =B9*PRODUCT(B10:B12)
Alternative calculations
prob 0.064888 =B9*EXP(SUMPRODUCT(B3:B5,LN(B6:B8)))
prob 0.064888 =PRODUCT(B9,B6:B8^B3:B5)
prob 0.000309 =MULTINOMDIST(B3:B5,B6:B8)

#NAME?
Poisson Distribution x 2 3 4
0 0.135335 0.049787 0.018316
p 0.0005 1 0.270671 0.149361 0.073263
n 4000 2 0.270671 0.224042 0.146525
x 3 3 0.180447 0.224042 0.195367
4 0.090224 0.168031 0.195367
Binomial distrbution 5 0.036089 0.100819 0.156293
6 0.01203 0.050409 0.104196
prob x 0.857169 7 0.003437 0.021604 0.05954
prob > x 0.142831 8 0.000859 0.008102 0.02977
9 0.000191 0.002701 0.013231
Poisson distribution 10 3.82E-05 0.00081 0.005292
11 6.94E-06 0.000221 0.001925
2 12 1.16E-06 5.52E-05 0.000642
prob x 0.857123
prob > x 0.142877
Poisson = 3
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Poisson = 2
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Poisson = 4
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Poisson Distribution
Iterative
mean 100 100 100 100 100
x 120 130 125 123 124
prob x 0.977331 0.998293 0.993202 0.988756 0.991226
using inverse function 124

Confidence interval for Poisson mean
x lower upper x lower upper

0 0.05 0 3.688879 0 0.01 0 5.298317
1 0.05 0.025318 5.571643 1 0.01 0.005013 7.43013
2 0.05 0.242209 7.224688 2 0.01 0.103495 9.273792
3 0.05 0.618672 8.767273 3 0.01 0.337863 10.97748
4 0.05 1.089865 10.24159 4 0.01 0.672207 12.59409
5 0.05 1.623486 11.66833 5 0.01 1.077928 14.14976
6 0.05 2.201894 13.05947 6 0.01 1.536912 15.65967
7 0.05 2.814363 14.42268 7 0.01 2.037337 17.13359
8 0.05 3.453832 15.76319 8 0.01 2.571103 18.57823
9 0.05 4.115373 17.0848 9 0.01 3.132402 19.99842
10 0.05 4.795389 18.39036 10 0.01 3.716922 21.39783
Runs A run if at least 6 heads
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1
2 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 1 2
3 0 0 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 3
4 0 0 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 4
5 0 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 5
6 0.015625 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 6
7 0.023438 0.039063 0.070313 0.132813 0.257813 0.507813 1 7
8 0.03125 0.046875 0.078125 0.140625 0.265625 0.511719 1 8
9 0.039063 0.054688 0.085938 0.148438 0.271484 0.515625 1 9
10 0.046875 0.0625 0.09375 0.155273 0.277344 0.519531 1 10
11 0.054688 0.070313 0.101074 0.162109 0.283203 0.523438 1 11
12 0.0625 0.077881 0.108398 0.168945 0.289063 0.527344 1 12
13 0.07019 0.085449 0.115723 0.175781 0.294922 0.53125 1 13
14 0.07782 0.092957 0.122986 0.182556 0.30072 0.535095 1 14
15 0.085388 0.100403 0.130188 0.18927 0.306458 0.53891 1 15
16 0.092896 0.107788 0.137329 0.195923 0.312149 0.542694 1 16
17 0.100342 0.115112 0.144409 0.202522 0.317795 0.546448 1 17
18 0.107727 0.122375 0.151432 0.209068 0.323395 0.550171 1 18
19 0.115051 0.12958 0.158398 0.215561 0.328949 0.553864 1 19
20 0.122315 0.136724 0.165306 0.222 0.334457 0.557526 1 20
A run of at least 7 heads
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 1 2
0 0 0 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 3
0 0 0 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 4
0 0 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 5
0 0.015625 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 6
0.007813 0.015625 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 7
0.011719 0.019531 0.035156 0.066406 0.128906 0.253906 0.503906 1 8
0.015625 0.023438 0.039063 0.070313 0.132813 0.257813 0.505859 1 9
0.019531 0.027344 0.042969 0.074219 0.136719 0.260742 0.507813 1 10
0.023438 0.03125 0.046875 0.078125 0.140137 0.263672 0.509766 1 11
0.027344 0.035156 0.050781 0.081787 0.143555 0.266602 0.511719 1 12
0.03125 0.039063 0.054565 0.085449 0.146973 0.269531 0.513672 1 13
0.035156 0.042908 0.05835 0.089111 0.150391 0.272461 0.515625 1 14
0.039032 0.046753 0.062134 0.092773 0.153809 0.275391 0.517578 1 15
0.042892 0.050583 0.065903 0.09642 0.157211 0.278305 0.519516 1 16
0.046738 0.054398 0.069656 0.100052 0.160599 0.281204 0.521446 1 17
0.050568 0.058197 0.073395 0.103668 0.163971 0.284092 0.523369 1 18
0.054382 0.061981 0.077118 0.107269 0.16733 0.286968 0.525284 1 19
0.058182 0.06575 0.080826 0.110856 0.170675 0.289833 0.527191 1
A run of at least 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0.5 1
0 0 0 0.25 0.5 1
0 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 1
0 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1
0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1
0.046875 0.078125 0.140625 0.265625 0.515625 1
0.0625 0.09375 0.15625 0.28125 0.523438 1
0.078125 0.109375 0.171875 0.292969 0.53125 1
0.09375 0.125 0.185547 0.304688 0.539063 1
0.109375 0.139648 0.199219 0.316406 0.546875 1
0.124512 0.154297 0.212891 0.328125 0.554688 1
0.139404 0.168701 0.226318 0.3396 0.562256 1
0.154053 0.182861 0.239502 0.35083 0.569702 1
0.168457 0.196777 0.252441 0.361877 0.577026 1
0.182617 0.210449 0.265167 0.372742 0.584229 1
0.196533 0.223892 0.277679 0.383423 0.591309 1
0.210213 0.237106 0.289978 0.393921 0.598267 1
0.22366 0.250095 0.302067 0.40424 0.605106 1
0.236877 0.262863 0.31395 0.414383 0.61183 1
One-tailed test
p 0.35
n 24
x 13
p-value 0.0164185
x f(x) F(x)
0 3.235E-05 3.24E-05
1 0.0004181 0.00045 Binomial Distribution
2 0.002589 0.00304
0.18
3 0.0102234 0.013263
4 0.0289008 0.042164 0.16 critical value
5 0.0622478 0.104411 0.14
6 0.1061404 0.210552 0.12
7 0.1469637 0.357516 0.1
8 0.1681604 0.525676 0.08
9 0.160974 0.68665 0.06
10 0.1300175 0.816667 0.04
11 0.0891029 0.90577 0.02
12 0.0519767 0.957747
0
13 0.0258346 0.983581 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
14 0.01093 0.994511
15 0.0039236 0.998435
16 0.0011884 0.999623
17 0.0003011 0.999925
18 6.306E-05 0.999988
19 1.072E-05 0.999998
20 1.443E-06 1
21 1.48E-07 1
22 1.087E-08 1
23 5.09E-10 1
24 1.142E-11 1
Power (one-tailed)
p 0.35
n 24
0.05
crit 12
Power Curve - one-tailed
p 1-
0.35 0.957747 0.042253 100%
90%
0.40 0.885735 0.114265
80%
0.45 0.757967 0.242033 70%
0.50 0.58059 0.41941 60%
50%
Power
value 0.55 0.384901 0.615099
40%
0.60 0.213022 0.786978
30%
0.65 0.09423 0.90577 20%
0.70 0.031394 0.968606 10%
0.75 0.0072 0.9928 0%
0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.8
0.80 0.000978 0.999022
0.85 5.93E-05 0.999941 Actual value of p
0.90 8.49E-07 0.999999
15 16 17 18 19 20 0.5417 0.583035 =BINOM_POWER(O5,M24,O6,1,O7)

e - one-tailed
0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90

ual value of p
Power (two-tailed)
p 0.35
n 24
0.05
-crit 4
+crit 13
p 1-
Power Curve - two-tailed
0.35 0.970319 0.029681 100%
0.40 0.943005 0.056995 90%
80%
0.45 0.865095 0.134905 70%
0.50 0.729233 0.270767 60%
0.55 0.546066 0.453934 50%
Power
0.60 0.34976 0.65024 40%

30%
0.65 0.183332 0.816668 20%
0.70 0.074236 0.925764 10%
0.75 0.021338 0.978662 0%
0.80 0.003788 0.996212 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90
0.85 0.00032 0.99968 Actual value of p
0.90 7.19E-06 0.999993
0.5417 0.421336 =BINOM_POWER(C5,A25,C6,2,C7)

Sample size requirements, one-tailed test
p0 0.35 p0 0.35
p1 0.80 p1 0.80
alpha 0.01 alpha 0.01
x-crit 0.00 =BINOM.INV(B7,B3,1-B5) x-crit 10.00
n n 16.03006
1- 0 =1-BINOM.DIST(B6,B7,B4,TRUE) 1- 0.918312
one-tail 16 =BINOM_SIZE(0.35,0.8,0.9,1,0.01)
two-tail 19 =BINOM_SIZE(0.35,0.8,0.9,2,0.01)
one-tail 0.9183121 =BINOM_POWER(0.35,0.8,B13,1,0.01)

two-tail 0.9323999 =BINOM_POWER(0.35,0.8,B14,2,0.01)
p0 0.35
p1 0.80
alpha 0.01
=BINOM.INV(G7,G3,1-G5) x-crit 10.00 =BINOM.INV(L7,L3,1-L5)
n 16
=1-BINOM.DIST(G6,G7,G4,TRUE) 1- 0.918312 =1-BINOM.DIST(L6,L7,L4,TRUE)
Gamma Distribution
4
10
0.25 =1/B3
x 3
P(t<x) 0.757608 =GAMMA.DIST(B6,B4,B5,TRUE)
Exponential Distribution lambda
x 1 2
5 0 1 2
x 0.5 0.2 0.818731 1.34064
1-P(t<x) 0.082085 =1-EXPON.DIST(B4,B3,TRUE) 0.4 0.67032 0.898658
0.6 0.548812 0.602388
0.8 0.449329 0.403793
1.054E-05 =LN(0.9)/(-10000) 1 0.367879 0.270671
x 40000 1.2 0.301194 0.181436
1-P(t-x) 0.6561 =1-EXPON.DIST(B9,B8,TRUE) 1.4 0.246597 0.12162
1.6 0.201897 0.081524
MTTF 94912.216 =1/B8 1.8 0.165299 0.054647
2 0.135335 0.036631
2.2 0.110803 0.024555
2.4 0.090718 0.016459
2.6 0.074274 0.011033
2.8 0.06081 0.007396
3 0.049787 0.004958
3.2 0.040762 0.003323
3.4 0.033373 0.002228
3.6 0.027324 0.001493
3.8 0.022371 0.001001
4 0.018316 0.000671
lambda
3
3
1.646435
0.903583 Exponential Distribution
0.495897 3.0
0.272154
0.149361 2.5
0.081971
2.0 l ambda 1
0.044987
l ambda 2
0.024689 1.5 l ambda 3
0.01355
0.007436 1.0
0.004081
0.5
0.00224
0.001229 0.0
0.000675 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4
0.00037
0.000203
0.000112
6.12E-05
3.36E-05
1.84E-05
Product Reliability Acceptance Test
MMTF 1000 1000

# failures 2 1
confidence 0.05 0.05
test time 6295.794 4743.865 =0.5*C3*CHISQ.INV.RT(C5,2*(C4+1))
Uniform Distribution
2.7 5.9 8.1 9.1 5.0 mean 6.2

8.2 2.1 7.1 4.6 3.9 stdev 2.831525
8.4 8.1 8.1 10.0 7.4
1.9 9.1 2.6 1.9 9.3 a+b 12.425
9.7 11.0 2.7 3.8 1.2 b-a 9.808689
7.8 6.0 5.4 3.0 6.1
7.7 7.2 7.6 9.9 8.7 a 1.308155
4.7 9.4 1.5 3.6 8.0 b 11.11684
P(x < 5) 0.376385

=AVERAGE(A3:E10)
=STDEV.S(A3:E10)
=2*H3
=H4*SQRT(12)
=(H6-H7)/2
=(H6+H7)/2
=UNIFORM_DIST(5,H9,H10,TRUE)
Weibull Distribution
0.6
1000
x 5000
p 0.927671
1-p 0.072329
1 - EXP(-(x/)^) 0.927671
Weibull Distribution
2.688294
h() 0.000674 =GAMMALN(1+2/B3)-2*GAMMALN(1+1/B3)-LN(1.16)
1124.667 =1000/EXP(GAMMALN(1+1/B3))
F(2000) 0.009096 =1-WEIBULL.DIST(2000,B3,B5,TRUE)
Exponential Distribution - Method of Moments
Sample Inter-arrival mean 47.3 Rank x F(x) y

1 73 lambda 0.021142 1 0.05 #NAME? -2.9702
2 18 2 0.15 #NAME? -1.81696
3 20 3 0.25 #NAME? -1.2459
4 60 4 0.35 #NAME? -0.84215
5 99 5 0.45 #NAME? -0.51444
6 81 6 0.55 #NAME? -0.22501
7 40 7 0.65 #NAME? 0.048621
8 33 8 0.75 #NAME? 0.326634
9 27 9 0.85 #NAME? 0.640337
10 22 10 0.95 #NAME? 1.097189
x' y-pred residual lambda 0.021142
#NAME? 0.001057 -2.97125
#NAME? 0.003166 -1.82013
#NAME? 0.005271 -1.25117
#NAME? 0.007372 -0.84952
#NAME? 0.009469 -0.52391
#NAME? 0.011561 -0.23657
#NAME? 0.013648 0.034973
#NAME? 0.015731 0.310903
#NAME? 0.01781 0.622527
#NAME? 0.019884 1.077304
16.40477
Weibull Distribution - Method of Moments
Sample Time to Failure mean 624 alpha 691.0263

1 509 stdev 183.79095 beta 3.768336
2 660
3 386 formula 0.0009016
4 753
5 811
6 613
7 848
8 725
9 315
10 872
11 487
12 512
Weibull Distribution -Method of Moments
x n 12 4 3.77668 3.791807 3.791887 3.791887

509 x-bar 624.25 h() -0.00737 0.00058 3.03E-06 8.39E-11 0
660 var 33779.114 h'() -0.03299 -0.03837 -0.03797 -0.03797 -0.03797
386
753 alpha 691.02669 3.7 3.77 3.771 3.7712 3.77086
811 beta 3.7683 h() 0.003603 0.000837 0.000799 0.000791 0.000804
613 h'() 0.040493 0.038552 0.038526 0.03852 0.038529
848 #NAME? #NAME?
725 #NAME? #NAME? -0.00737 0.00058 3.03E-06 8.39E-11 0
315 #NAME? #NAME?
872
487
512
3.791887
0
-0.03797
3.770859
0.000804
0.038529
0
Uniform Distribution - Method of Moments
0.194755 0.499725 mean 0.502901 =AVERAGE(B3:C12)

0.071746 0.076965 stdev 0.311059 =STDEV.S(B3:C12)
0.766155 0.288801 alpha -0.03587 =F3-SQRT(3)*F4
0.861552 0.99923 beta 1.041671 =F3+SQRT(3)*F4
0.309351 0.004308
0.816161 0.631234 #NAME? #NAME? =UNIFORM_FITM(B3:C12,TRUE)
0.783911 0.124411 #NAME? #NAME?
0.650336 0.735463 #NAME? #NAME?
0.646516 0.206061
0.649584 0.741749
Weibull Estimation using MLE and Solver
x LL 689.8065
509 19.29805 4.141942
660 19.56543 n 12 =COUNT(A4:A15)
386 18.6226 MLE -78.8396 =E5*(LN(E4)-E4*LN(E3))+B16
753 19.37471
811 19.09055
613 19.55285
848 18.83393
725 19.46449
315 18.03534
872 18.63342
487 19.20671
512 19.30952 =($E$4-1)*LN(A15)-(A15/$E$3)^$E$4
228.9876 =SUM(B4:B15)
Weibull Estimation using MLE and Newton's Method
x 689.80707
509 4.1419376
660 5.726E+11
386 n 12
753 u 76.700227
811 MLE -78.83964
613
848 0 1 2 3 4 alpha 689.8071
725 4 4.137621 4.1419336 4.141938 4.141938 beta 4.141938
315 v 2.681E+12 6.68E+12 6.871E+12 6.87E+12 6.87E+12 mean act 624.25
872 w 1.777E+13 4.43E+13 4.557E+13 4.56E+13 4.56E+13 mean est 626.49
487 s 1.179E+14 2.94E+14 3.025E+14 3.03E+14 3.03E+14 var act 33779.11
512 h() 0.012725 0.000376 3.474E-07 3E-13 0 var est 29001.56
h'() -0.092464 -0.08709 -0.086924 -0.08692 -0.08692 mle -78.8396
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
0.36% #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
14.14% #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Beta Distribution Estimation using Newton's Method
x ln x ln(1-x) n 18 2.68654
0.29 -1.23787 -0.34249 lnx-bar -1.08966 4.363292
0.31 -1.17118 -0.37106 ln(1-x)-bar -0.52613 MLE 6.752456
0.65 -0.43078 -1.04982
0.05 -2.99573 -0.05129
0.45 -0.79851 -0.59784
0.22 -1.51413 -0.24846
0.39 -0.94161 -0.4943
0.41 -0.8916 -0.52763 iter 0 1
0.47 -0.75502 -0.63488
0.27 -1.30933 -0.31471 2 3 2.470792 3.929684
0.36 -1.02165 -0.44629
0.53 -0.63488 -0.75502 g -0.00633 0.057206 -0.00217 0.014137
0.14 -1.96611 -0.15082
0.55 -0.59784 -0.79851 G -0.42361 0.221323 -0.32828 0.169076
0.31 -1.17118 -0.37106 0.221323 -0.17361 0.169076 -0.12049
0.73 -0.31471 -1.30933
0.37 -0.99425 -0.46204
0.42 -0.8675 -0.54473
-1.08966 -0.52613
Solver Moments (BETA_FITM) MLE (BETA_FIT)
2.686528 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

4.363271 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
MLE 6.752456 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
2 3 4
2.664909 4.319412 2.68632 4.362843 2.68654 4.363292
-0.00025 0.001327 -3.1E-06 1.37E-05 -3.76E-10 1.47E-09
-0.30032 0.153915 -0.29753 0.152397 -0.2975 0.152381

0.153915 -0.10644 0.152397 -0.10507 0.152381 -0.10505
5 6
2.68654 4.363292 2.68654 4.363292
0 0 0 0
-0.2975 0.152381 -0.2975 0.152381

0.152381 -0.10505 0.152381 -0.10505
Uniform Distribution - MLE
0.194755 0.499725 iter 0 1 2 3 4 5

0.071746 0.076965 n 20 20 20 20 20 20
0.766155 0.288801 min 0.004308 0.004308 0.004308 0.0043083 0.004308 0.004308
0.861552 0.99923 max 0.99923 0.99923 0.99923 0.9992301 0.99923 0.99923
0.309351 0.004308 alpha 0.004308 -0.04544 -0.04793 -0.048049 -0.04806 -0.04806
0.816161 0.631234 beta 0.99923 1.048976 1.051464 1.0515879 1.051594 1.051594
0.783911 0.124411
0.650336 0.735463
0.646516 0.206061
0.649584 0.741749
0.194755 0.499725 iter 0 1 2 3 4

0.071746 0.076965 n 20 20 20 20 20
0.766155 0.288801 min 0.004308 0.004308 0.004308 0.0043083 0.004308
0.861552 0.99923 max 0.99923 0.99923 0.99923 0.9992301 0.99923
0.309351 0.004308 alpha 0.004308 -0.04544 -0.04805 -0.048056 -0.04806
0.816161 0.631234 beta 0.99923 1.051464 1.051594 1.0515944 1.051594
0.783911 0.124411
0.650336 0.735463
0.646516 0.206061
0.649584 0.741749
iter = 1 iter = 0 iter = 10

Weibull Estimation using Regression
i x sort x ln(x) F(x) ln(-ln(1-F(x))) 3.745672

1 509 #NAME? #NAME? 0.041667 -3.1568494937 - ln() -24.49562
2 660 #NAME? #NAME? 0.125 -2.013418678 692.08804
3 386 #NAME? #NAME? 0.208333 -1.4540814548
4 753 #NAME? #NAME? 0.291667 -1.0646733274 mean act 624.25
5 811 #NAME? #NAME? 0.375 -0.7550148625 mean pred 625.00009
6 613 #NAME? #NAME? 0.458333 -0.4892199287
7 848 #NAME? #NAME? 0.541667 -0.248258101 var act 33779.114
8 725 #NAME? #NAME? 0.625 -0.0193568886 var pred 34618
9 315 #NAME? #NAME? 0.708333 0.2087554827
10 872 #NAME? #NAME? 0.791667 0.4501936496 R-square 0.9758076
11 487 #NAME? #NAME? 0.875 0.7320993681
12 512 #NAME? #NAME? 0.958333 1.1562690064 alpha 692.08804
beta 3.745672
mean act 624.25
mean est 625.00009
var act 33779.114
var est 34618
r-sq 0.9758076
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
=SLOPE(F4:F15,D4:D15) ln(-ln(1-F(x)))
=INTERCEPT(F4:F15,D4:D15) 1.5
=EXP(-I4/I3)
1
0.5
=AVERAGE(C4:C15)
0
=I5*EXP(GAMMALN(1+1/I3)) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-0.5
=VAR(C4:C15) -1
=I5^2*EXP(GAMMALN(1+2/I3))-I8^2 -1.5
-2
=RSQ(F4:F15,D4:D15) -2.5
-3
=I5
-3.5
=I3
=AVERAGE(B4:B15)
=I15*EXP(GAMMALN(1+1/I16)) #NAME? #NAME?
=VAR(B4:B15) #NAME? #NAME?
=I15^2*EXP(GAMMALN(1+2/I16))-I18^2 #NAME? #NAME?
=CORREL(F4:F15,D4:D15*I3+I4)^2 #NAME? 10
#NAME? #NAME?
=WEIBULL_FITR(B4:B15,TRUE)
Regression Analysis
)))
OVERALL FIT
Multiple R 0.98783 AIC -36.7892
R Square 0.975808 AICc -33.7892
Adjusted R 0.973388 SBC -35.8194
8 10 12 14 Standard E 0.20021
Observatio 12
ANOVA Alpha 0.05

df SS MS F p-value sig
Regression 1 16.16802 16.16802 403.353 2.06E-09 yes
Residual 10 0.40084 0.040084
Total 11 16.56886
coef std err t stat p-value lower upper

Intercept #NAME? #NAME? -20.5247 1.67E-09 -27.1548 -21.8364
ln(x) #NAME? #NAME? 20.08365 2.06E-09 3.330116 4.161228
T- vs Normal Distribution
Calculating the pdf of the t-distribution
k 1 5 10 30
(k+1)/2 1 3 5.5 15.5
k/2 0.5 2.5 5 15
Gamma((k+1)/2) 1 2 52.34278 3.35E+11
Gamma(k/2) 1.772454 1.32934 24 8.72E+10
Sqrt(pi*k) 1.772454 3.963327 5.604991 9.70813
Constant 0.31831 0.379607 0.389108 0.395632
x 1 5 10 30 norm
-4.0 0.018724 0.005124 0.002031 0.000525 0.000134
-3.9 0.019637 0.005748 0.002407 0.000686 0.000199 Student'
-3.8 0.020616 0.006459 0.002854 0.000896 0.000292 0.45
-3.7 0.021668 0.007268 0.003388 0.001166 0.000425 0.40
-3.6 0.022802 0.008191 0.004025 0.001514 0.000612 0.35
-3.5 0.024023 0.009244 0.004784 0.00196 0.000873 0.30
-3.4 0.025343 0.010449 0.005689 0.00253 0.001232 0.25
-3.3 0.026771 0.011827 0.006767 0.003255 0.001723 0.20
-3.2 0.028319 0.013406 0.008052 0.004173 0.002384 0.15
-3.1 0.030001 0.015216 0.009582 0.00533 0.003267 0.10
-3.0 0.031831 0.017293 0.011401 0.006779 0.004432 0.05
-2.9 0.033827 0.019677 0.01356 0.008586 0.005953
0.00
-2.8 0.036008 0.022416 0.016121 0.010825 0.007915
.0 .4 .8 .2 .6 .0 .4
-2.7 0.038397 0.025562 0.019151 0.013583 0.010421 -4 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0 0
-2.6 0.041019 0.029176 0.022728 0.016957 0.013583
-2.5 0.043905 0.033326 0.026939 0.021057 0.017528
-2.4 0.047087 0.03809 0.031879 0.026002 0.022395 Student'
-2.3 0.050606 0.043551 0.037656 0.031921 0.028327
-2.2 0.054505 0.049803 0.04438 0.038946 0.035475 0.45
-2.1 0.058837 0.056948 0.05217 0.047213 0.043984 0.40
-2.0 0.063662 0.06509 0.061146 0.056852 0.053991 0.35
-1.9 0.069048 0.074342 0.071425 0.067984 0.065616 0.30
-1.8 0.075073 0.084813 0.083116 0.08071 0.07895 0.25
-1.7 0.081828 0.096608 0.096312 0.0951 0.094049 0.20
-1.6 0.089413 0.109819 0.111078 0.111189 0.110921 0.15
0.10
-1.5 0.097942 0.124517 0.127445 0.128962 0.129518
0.05
0.00
.0 .4 .8 .2 .6 .0 .4
-4 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
-1.4 0.107537 0.14074 0.145395 0.148343 0.149727
0.00
-1.3 0.118331 0.158477 0.164851 0.169191 0.171369
.0 .4 .8 .2 .6 .0 .4
-1.2 0.130455 0.177659 0.185664 0.19129 0.194186 -4 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0
-1.1 0.144032 0.198139 0.207606 0.214347 0.217852
-1.0 0.159155 0.21968 0.230362 0.237993 0.241971
-0.9 0.175862 0.241944 0.25353 0.261788 0.266085
-0.8 0.194091 0.264488 0.276625 0.28523 0.289692
-0.7 0.213631 0.286765 0.299092 0.307773 0.312254
-0.6 0.234051 0.308141 0.320326 0.328847 0.333225
-0.5 0.254648 0.327919 0.339695 0.347879 0.352065
-0.4 0.274405 0.345378 0.356579 0.364322 0.36827
-0.3 0.292027 0.359824 0.370398 0.377683 0.381388
-0.2 0.306067 0.37064 0.380658 0.387545 0.391043
-0.1 0.315158 0.377338 0.386975 0.393594 0.396953
0.0 0.31831 0.379607 0.389108 0.395632 0.398942
0.1 0.315158 0.377338 0.386975 0.393594 0.396953
0.2 0.306067 0.37064 0.380658 0.387545 0.391043
0.3 0.292027 0.359824 0.370398 0.377683 0.381388
0.4 0.274405 0.345378 0.356579 0.364322 0.36827
0.5 0.254648 0.327919 0.339695 0.347879 0.352065
0.6 0.234051 0.308141 0.320326 0.328847 0.333225
0.7 0.213631 0.286765 0.299092 0.307773 0.312254
0.8 0.194091 0.264488 0.276625 0.28523 0.289692
0.9 0.175862 0.241944 0.25353 0.261788 0.266085
1.0 0.159155 0.21968 0.230362 0.237993 0.241971
1.1 0.144032 0.198139 0.207606 0.214347 0.217852
1.2 0.130455 0.177659 0.185664 0.19129 0.194186
1.3 0.118331 0.158477 0.164851 0.169191 0.171369
1.4 0.107537 0.14074 0.145395 0.148343 0.149727
1.5 0.097942 0.124517 0.127445 0.128962 0.129518
1.6 0.089413 0.109819 0.111078 0.111189 0.110921
1.7 0.081828 0.096608 0.096312 0.0951 0.094049
1.8 0.075073 0.084813 0.083116 0.08071 0.07895
1.9 0.069048 0.074342 0.071425 0.067984 0.065616
2.0 0.063662 0.06509 0.061146 0.056852 0.053991
2.1 0.058837 0.056948 0.05217 0.047213 0.043984
2.2 0.054505 0.049803 0.04438 0.038946 0.035475
2.3 0.050606 0.043551 0.037656 0.031921 0.028327
2.4 0.047087 0.03809 0.031879 0.026002 0.022395
2.5 0.043905 0.033326 0.026939 0.021057 0.017528
2.6 0.041019 0.029176 0.022728 0.016957 0.013583
2.7 0.038397 0.025562 0.019151 0.013583 0.010421
2.8 0.036008 0.022416 0.016121 0.010825 0.007915
2.9 0.033827 0.019677 0.01356 0.008586 0.005953
3.0 0.031831 0.017293 0.011401 0.006779 0.004432
3.1 0.030001 0.015216 0.009582 0.00533 0.003267
3.2 0.028319 0.013406 0.008052 0.004173 0.002384
3.3 0.026771 0.011827 0.006767 0.003255 0.001723
3.4 0.025343 0.010449 0.005689 0.00253 0.001232
3.5 0.024023 0.009244 0.004784 0.00196 0.000873
3.6 0.022802 0.008191 0.004025 0.001514 0.000612
3.7 0.021668 0.007268 0.003388 0.001166 0.000425
3.8 0.020616 0.006459 0.002854 0.000896 0.000292
3.9 0.019637 0.005748 0.002407 0.000686 0.000199
4.0 0.018724 0.005124 0.002031 0.000525 0.000134
t (df = 5)
t (df = 10)
std norm
.4 .8 .2 .6 .0 .4 .2 .8 .4 .0 .6 .2 .8
-3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0 0 0 1 2 2 3 3
t (df = 1)
t (df = 5)
t (df = 10)
t (df = 30)
std norm
.4 .8 .2 .6 .0 .4 .2 .8 .4 .0 .6 .2 .8
-3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0 0 0 1 2 2 3 3
t (df = 30)
std norm
.4 .8 .2 .6 .0 .4 .2 .8 .4 .0 .6 .2 .8
-3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -0 0 0 1 2 2 3 3
T Distribution Functions
x 2.131847 -2.13185 0.05 0.1 0.9 0.95

df 4 4 df 4 4 4 4
T.DIST, cum = FALSE 0.056225 0.056225 T.INV -2.13185 -1.53321 1.533206 2.131847
T.DIST, cum = TRUE 0.95 0.05 T.INV.2T 2.776445 2.131847 0.13383 0.066728
T.DIST.RT 0.05 0.95 TINV 2.776445 2.131847 0.13383 0.066728
T.DIST.2T 0.1 Err:502
TDIST, tails = 1 0.05 Err:502
TDIST, tails = 2 0.1 Err:502
One sample t test
Subject Weight Loss count 12 =COUNT(B4:B15) T Test: One Sample

1 23 mean 4.666667 =AVERAGE(B4:B15)
2 15 std dev 11.15456 =STDEV.S(B4:B15) SUMMARY
3 -5 std err 3.220045 =E5/SQRT(E3) Count
4 7 12
5 1 hyp mean 0
6 -10 0.05 T TEST
7 12 tails 1
8 -8 df 11 =E3-1 One Tail
9 20 t stat 1.449255 =(E4-E8)/E6 Two Tail
10 8 p value 0.087585 =T.DIST.RT(E12,E11)
11 -2 t crit 1.795885 =T.INV(1-E9,E11)
12 -5 sig no =IF(E13<E9,"yes","no")
Weight Loss
Normal 0.926367 Min -10
0.073633 Q1-Min 5
Med-Q1 9
Q3-Med 9
Max-Q3 10
Weight Loss
Q1 -5
Med-Q1 9
Q3-Med 9
Q1-Min 5
Max-Q3 10
T Test: One Sample
SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

Mean Std Dev Std Err t df Cohen d Efect r
4.666667 11.15456 3.220045 1.449255 11 0.418364 0.400409
Hyp Mean 0
p-value t-crit lower upper sig
0.087585 1.795885 no
0.175169 2.200985 -2.4206 11.75394 no
Weight Loss
Box Plot
25
20
15
10
0
Weight Loss
-5
-10
-15
20
Weight Loss
15
10
0
Weight Loss
-5
-10
Weight Loss
-5
-10
One sample t test
Sample Data Column1
63 58 76 59 Mean 68.4
95 84 83 68 Standard Error 2.620139
81 90 87 45 Median 68
75 38 54 52 Mode 64
90 100 45 76 Standard Deviation 16.57121
64 80 58 78 Sample Variance 274.6051
45 68 64 50 Kurtosis -0.80132
59 49 63 75 Skewness -0.08864
72 68 92 64 Range 65
35 60 87 86 Minimum 35
Maximum 100
Sum 2736
Count 40
Confidence Level(95.0%) 5.299731
Group 1
Mean 68.4
Standard Error 2.620139
Median 68
Mode 64
Standard Deviation 16.57121
Sample Variance 274.6051
Kurtosis -0.80132
Skewness -0.08864
Range 65
Maximum 100
Minimum 35
Sum 2736
Count 40
Harmonic Mean 64.07969
AAD 13.79
MAD 12.5
IQR 23.5
Bins Bin Frequency
40 2 Histogram
40 45 3
6
45 50 2
50 55 2 4
Frequency
55 60 5 2
60 65 5
0
65 70 3 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
70 75 3 Bin
75 80 4
80 85 3
85 90 5
90 More 3 Box Plot
90
80
70
Min 35
60
Q1-Min 23
50
Med-Q1 10
Q3-Med 13.5 40
Max-Q3 18.5 30
20
10
0
QQ Tables
QQ Plot
Count 40 80
Mean 68.4 2.5
2
Std Dev 16.57121
1.5
Standardized Data
1
Interval Data Normal Std Data 0.5
1 35 -2.2414 -2.01554 0
3 38 -1.78046 -1.83451 -0.5 30 40 50 60 70 80
5 45 -1.53412 -1.41209 -1
7 45 -1.35631 -1.41209 -1.5
-2
9 45 -1.21334 -1.41209
-2.5
11 49 -1.09162 -1.1707
Normal
13 50 -0.98423 -1.11036
15 52 -0.88715 -0.98967
17 54 -0.79778 -0.86898
19 58 -0.71437 -0.62759 T Test: One Sample
21 58 -0.63566 -0.62759
23 59 -0.5607 -0.56725 SUMMARY
25 59 -0.48878 -0.56725 Count Mean Std Dev
27 60 -0.4193 -0.5069 40 68.4 16.57121
29 63 -0.35178 -0.32587
31 63 -0.28584 -0.32587 T TEST
33 64 -0.22112 -0.26552 p-value t-crit
35 64 -0.15731 -0.26552 One Tail 0.000369 1.684875
37 64 -0.09414 -0.26552 Two Tail 0.000737 2.022691
39 68 -0.03134 -0.02414
41 68 0.031338 -0.02414
43 68 0.094137 -0.02414 Confidence interval
45 72 0.157311 0.217244
47 75 0.221119 0.398281 k 5.299731
49 75 0.285841 0.398281 lower 63.10027
51 76 0.351784 0.458627 upper 73.69973
53 76 0.419296 0.458627
55 78 0.488776 0.579318
57 80 0.560703 0.700009
59 81 0.635657 0.760355
61 83 0.714367 0.881046
63 84 0.797777 0.941392
65 86 0.887147 1.062083
67 87 0.984235 1.122428
69 87 1.09162 1.122428
71 90 1.21334 1.303465
73 90 1.356312 1.303465
75 92 1.534121 1.424156
77 95 1.780464 1.605193
79 100 2.241403 1.906921
Raw data
ram 63
95
81
75
90
64
70 75 80 85 90 More 45
Bin
59
72
35
58
ot 84
90
38
100
80
68
49
68
60
76
83
87
54
45
58
64
63
QQ Plot 92
87
59
68
45
52
76
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 78
50
75
64
86
Normal
Alpha 0.05
Std Err t df Cohen d Efect r
2.620139 -3.66393 39 0.579318 0.506035
Hyp Mean 78
lower upper sig
yes
63.10027 73.69973 yes
5.299731
63.10027
73.69973
Power of Single Sample Hypothesis Testing of the Mean using t Test (one-tailed)
Sample Data t test
45 58 72 52 hyp mean () 52
56 49 48 67 sample size 24 =COUNT(A5:D10)
71 52 62 56 sample mean 53.166667 =AVERAGE(A5:D10)
38 39 54 52 std dev 10.315319 =STDEV.S(A5:D10)
61 42 45 46 effect size 0.1131004 =ABS(G5-G7)/G8
51 34 58 68 tails 1
std error 2.1056056 =G8/SQRT(G6)
df 23 =G6-1
t-stat 0.5540765 =ABS(G7-G5)/G11
p-value 0.292437 =T.DIST.RT(G13,G12)
alpha 0.05
sig no =IF(G14<G15,"yes","no")
power
t-crit 1.7138715 =T.INV(1-G15,G12)

x-crit 55.608737 =G5+G20*G11
real mean 53.166667 =G7
t 1.159795 =(G21-G22)/G11
beta 0.8709845 =T.DIST(G23,G12,TRUE)
power 0.1290155 =1-G24
t x H0 H1
-4 43.57758 0.000698
-3.95 43.68286 0.00079
-3.9 43.78814 0.000893
-3.85 43.89342 0.001009
-3.8 43.9987 0.00114 0.45
-3.75 44.10398 0.001287
0.4
-3.7 44.20926 0.001453
-3.65 44.31454 0.00164 0.35
-3.6 44.41982 0.00185 0.3
-3.55 44.5251 0.002085
0.25
-3.5 44.63038 0.00235
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.35
0.3
0.25
-3.45 44.73566 0.002646 0.000698 0.2

-3.4 44.84094 0.002979 0.00079 0.15
-3.35 44.94622 0.003351 0.000893
0.1
-3.3 45.0515 0.003768 0.001009
-3.25 45.15678 0.004233 0.00114 0.05
-3.2 45.26206 0.004753 0.001287 0
-3.15 45.36734 0.005333 0.001453 42 44 46 48 50 52 54
-3.1 45.47262 0.00598 0.00164
-3.05 45.5779 0.0067 0.00185
-3 45.68318 0.007501 0.002085
-2.95 45.78846 0.008391 0.00235
-2.9 45.89374 0.009378 0.002646
-2.85 45.99902 0.010472 0.002979
-2.8 46.1043 0.011683 0.003351
-2.75 46.20958 0.013021 0.003768
-2.7 46.31486 0.014499 0.004233
-2.65 46.42015 0.016127 0.004753
-2.6 46.52543 0.01792 0.005333
-2.55 46.63071 0.019889 0.00598
-2.5 46.73599 0.02205 0.0067
-2.45 46.84127 0.024417 0.007501
-2.4 46.94655 0.027006 0.008391
-2.35 47.05183 0.029831 0.009378
-2.3 47.15711 0.03291 0.010472
-2.25 47.26239 0.036258 0.011683
-2.2 47.36767 0.039893 0.013021
-2.15 47.47295 0.04383 0.014499
-2.1 47.57823 0.048086 0.016127
-2.05 47.68351 0.052677 0.01792
-2 47.78879 0.057618 0.019889
-1.95 47.89407 0.062925 0.02205
-1.9 47.99935 0.06861 0.024417
-1.85 48.10463 0.074686 0.027006
-1.8 48.20991 0.081163 0.029831
-1.75 48.31519 0.088051 0.03291
-1.7 48.42047 0.095354 0.036258
-1.65 48.52575 0.103078 0.039893
-1.6 48.63103 0.111223 0.04383
-1.55 48.73631 0.119786 0.048086
-1.5 48.84159 0.128762 0.052677
-1.45 48.94687 0.138141 0.057618
-1.4 49.05215 0.147907 0.062925
-1.35 49.15743 0.158044 0.06861
-1.3 49.26271 0.168528 0.074686
-1.25 49.36799 0.179331 0.081163
-1.2 49.47327 0.190419 0.088051
-1.15 49.57855 0.201756 0.095354
-1.1 49.68383 0.213298 0.103078
-1.05 49.78911 0.224999 0.111223
-1 49.89439 0.236805 0.119786
-0.95 49.99967 0.24866 0.128762
-0.9 50.10495 0.260503 0.138141
-0.85 50.21024 0.27227 0.147907
-0.8 50.31552 0.283893 0.158044
-0.75 50.4208 0.295303 0.168528
-0.7 50.52608 0.306428 0.179331
-0.65 50.63136 0.317195 0.190419
-0.6 50.73664 0.32753 0.201756
-0.55 50.84192 0.337361 0.213298
-0.5 50.9472 0.346617 0.224999
-0.45 51.05248 0.355228 0.236805
-0.4 51.15776 0.36313 0.24866
-0.35 51.26304 0.370261 0.260503
-0.3 51.36832 0.376563 0.27227
-0.25 51.4736 0.381987 0.283893
-0.2 51.57888 0.386487 0.295303
-0.15 51.68416 0.390027 0.306428
-0.1 51.78944 0.392578 0.317195
-0.05 51.89472 0.394116 0.32753
-5.84E-15 52 0.394631 0.337361
0.05 52.10528 0.394116 0.346617
0.1 52.21056 0.392578 0.355228
0.15 52.31584 0.390027 0.36313
0.2 52.42112 0.386487 0.370261
0.25 52.5264 0.381987 0.376563
0.3 52.63168 0.376563 0.381987
0.35 52.73696 0.370261 0.386487
0.4 52.84224 0.36313 0.390027
0.45 52.94752 0.355228 0.392578
0.5 53.0528 0.346617 0.394116
0.55 53.15808 0.337361 0.394631
0.6 53.26336 0.32753 0.394116
0.65 53.36864 0.317195 0.392578
0.7 53.47392 0.306428 0.390027
0.75 53.5792 0.295303 0.386487
0.8 53.68448 0.283893 0.381987
0.85 53.78976 0.27227 0.376563
0.9 53.89505 0.260503 0.370261
0.95 54.00033 0.24866 0.36313
1 54.10561 0.236805 0.355228
1.05 54.21089 0.224999 0.346617
1.1 54.31617 0.213298 0.337361
1.15 54.42145 0.201756 0.32753
1.2 54.52673 0.190419 0.317195
1.25 54.63201 0.179331 0.306428
1.3 54.73729 0.168528 0.295303
1.35 54.84257 0.158044 0.283893
1.4 54.94785 0.147907 0.27227
1.45 55.05313 0.138141 0.260503
1.5 55.15841 0.128762 0.24866
1.55 55.26369 0.119786 0.236805
1.6 55.36897 0.111223 0.224999
1.65 55.47425 0.103078 0.213298
1.7 55.57953 0.095354 0.201756
1.75 55.68481 0.088051 0.190419
1.8 55.79009 0.081163 0.179331
1.85 55.89537 0.074686 0.168528
1.9 56.00065 0.06861 0.158044
1.95 56.10593 0.062925 0.147907
2 56.21121 0.057618 0.138141
2.05 56.31649 0.052677 0.128762
2.1 56.42177 0.048086 0.119786
2.15 56.52705 0.04383 0.111223
2.2 56.63233 0.039893 0.103078
2.25 56.73761 0.036258 0.095354
2.3 56.84289 0.03291 0.088051
2.35 56.94817 0.029831 0.081163
2.4 57.05345 0.027006 0.074686
2.45 57.15873 0.024417 0.06861
2.5 57.26401 0.02205 0.062925
2.55 57.36929 0.019889 0.057618
2.6 57.47457 0.01792 0.052677
2.65 57.57985 0.016127 0.048086
2.7 57.68514 0.014499 0.04383
2.75 57.79042 0.013021 0.039893
2.8 57.8957 0.011683 0.036258
2.85 58.00098 0.010472 0.03291
2.9 58.10626 0.009378 0.029831
2.95 58.21154 0.008391 0.027006
3 58.31682 0.007501 0.024417
3.05 58.4221 0.0067 0.02205
3.1 58.52738 0.00598 0.019889
3.15 58.63266 0.005333 0.01792
3.2 58.73794 0.004753 0.016127
3.25 58.84322 0.004233 0.014499
3.3 58.9485 0.003768 0.013021
3.35 59.05378 0.003351 0.011683
3.4 59.15906 0.002979 0.010472
3.45 59.26434 0.002646 0.009378
3.5 59.36962 0.00235 0.008391
3.55 59.4749 0.002085 0.007501
3.6 59.58018 0.00185 0.0067
3.65 59.68546 0.00164 0.00598
3.7 59.79074 0.001453 0.005333
3.75 59.89602 0.001287 0.004753
3.8 60.0013 0.00114 0.004233
3.85 60.10658 0.001009 0.003768
3.9 60.21186 0.000893 0.003351
3.95 60.31714 0.00079 0.002979
4 60.42242 0.000698 0.002646
Calculation of power
mean effect beta power

52 0 0.95 0.05
52.5 0.048472 0.923302 0.076698
53 0.096943 0.88607 0.11393
Power by effect size
53.5 0.145415 0.836494 0.163506 1.0
54 0.193886 0.77369 0.22631 0.9
0.8
54.5 0.242358 0.698231 0.301769 0.7
55 0.29083 0.612454 0.387546 0.6
55.5 0.339301 0.52037 0.47963 0.5
power
56 0.387773 0.427108 0.572892 0.4
0.3
56.5 0.436244 0.338011 0.661989 0.2
57 0.484716 0.257671 0.742329 0.1
57.5 0.533188 0.189192 0.810808 0.0
58 0.581659 0.133896 0.866104 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0
58.5 0.630131 0.091476 0.908524 effect size
59 0.678602 0.060455 0.939545
59.5 0.727074 0.038748 0.961252
60 0.775546 0.024155 0.975845
60.5 0.824017 0.014691 0.985309
61 0.872489 0.008744 0.991256
61.5 0.92096 0.00511 0.99489
62 0.969432 0.00294 0.99706
H0
H1
H0
H1
50 52 54 56 58 60 62
y effect size
.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

effect size
Power - t Distribution, 1 -tail (What if analysis)
Hypothetic mean 52
Standard deviation 10.31531857
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 24
t-critical 1.713871528 =T.INV(1-B5,B6-1)
Mean at t-critical 55.60873746 =B3+B8*B7
Effect size 0.113100401 =(B11-B3)/B4
Actual mean 53.16666667
Beta 0.870984549 =T.DIST((B9-B11)/B7,B6-1,TRUE)
Power 0.129015451 =1-B12
Hypothetic mean 52
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 24
Effect size 0.4 =(B11-B3)/B4
Power 0.595960885 =1-B12
Hypothetic mean 52
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 24
Effect size 0.52484634 =(B11-B3)/B4
Power 0.7999487 =1-B12
Hypothetic mean 52
Alpha 0.05
Sample size 155.6562392
Effect size 0.2 =(B11-B3)/B4
Power 0.799016817 =1-B12
Power of Single Sample Hypothesis Testing of the Mean using t Test (two-tailed)
Sample Data t test power
45 58 72 52 hyp mean () 52 t-crit (right)

56 49 48 67 sample size 24 =COUNT(A5:D10) x-crit (right)
71 52 62 56 sample mean 53.166667 =AVERAGE(A5:D10) t-crit (left)
38 39 54 52 std dev 10.315319 =STDEV.S(A5:D10) x-crit (left)
61 42 45 46 effect size 0.1131004 =ABS(G5-G7)/G8 real mean
51 34 58 68 tails 2 t (right)
std error 2.1056056 =G8/SQRT(G6) t (left)
df 23 =G6-1 P(t < t-right)
t-stat 0.5540765 =ABS(G7-G5)/G11 P(t < t-left)
p-value 0.584874 =T.DIST.2T(G13,G12) beta
alpha 0.05 power
sig no =IF(G14<G15,"yes","no")
2.068658 =T.INV.2T(G15,G12)
56.35578 =G5+L5*G11
-2.06866 =-L5
47.64422 =G5+L7*G11
53.16667 =G7
1.514581 =(L6-L9)/G11
-2.62273 =(L8-L9)/G11
0.928249 =T.DIST(L10,G12,TRUE)
0.007607 =T.DIST(L11,G12,TRUE)
0.920642 =L12-L13
0.079358 =1-L14
T test: two independent samples
New Old
20
13 12
18
17 8
16
19 6
14
11 16
20 12 12
15 14 10
18 10 8
9 18 6
12 4 4
16 11 2
0
10 10 size New Old
15 11.1 mean
13.33333 18.76667 variance
T Test: Two Independent Samples
SUMMARY Hyp Mean D 0

Groups Count Mean Variance Cohen d
New 10 15 13.33333
Old 10 11.1 18.76667
Pooled 16.05 0.97348
T TEST: Equal Variances Alpha 0.05

std err t-stat df p-value t-crit
One Tail 1.791647 2.176768 18 0.021526 1.734064
Two Tail 1.791647 2.176768 18 0.043053 2.100922
T TEST: Unequal Variances Alpha 0.05

One Tail 1.791647 2.176768 17.49867 0.021728 1.739607
Two Tail 1.791647 2.176768 17.49867 0.043456 2.109816
TTEST
0.043456 =T.TEST(A4:A13,B4:B13,2,3)
0.043053 =T.TEST(A4:A13,B4:B13,2,2)
Pooled values
16.05 =VAR_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B13)
4.006245 =STDEV_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B13)
1.791647 =STDERR_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B13)
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
New Old
Min 9 4 New Old
Q1-Min 3.25 4.5 Mean 15 11.1
Med-Q1 3.25 3 Variance 13.33333 18.76667
Q3-Med 2.25 2 Observations 10 10
Max-Q3 2.25 4.5 Pooled Variance 16.05
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 18
t Stat 2.176768
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.021526
t Critical one-tail 1.734064
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.043053
t Critical two-tail 2.100922
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
New Old
Mean 15 11.1
Variance 13.33333 18.76667
Observations 10 10
df 17
lower upper sig efect r t Stat 2.176768
yes 0.456492 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.021941
0.135889 7.664111 yes 0.456492 t Critical one-tail 1.739607
lower upper sig efect r
yes 0.461609
0.119955 7.680045 yes 0.461609
Control Drug Bins Control

23 16 10
15 21 13 Mean 18.5
16 16 16 Standard Error 1.12479
25 11 19 Median 18.5
20 24 22 Mode #N/A
17 21 Standard Deviation 3.896385
18 18 Sample Variance 15.18182
14 15 Kurtosis -0.76628
12 19 Skewness 1.21E-17
19 22 Range 13
21 13 Minimum 12
22 24 Maximum 25
Sum 222
Count 12
Control Drug
Mean 18.5 18.3333333
Variance 15.18182 17.8787879
Observations 12 12
Pooled Variance 16.5303
df 22
t Stat 0.100412
Drug Bins Frequency
10 0
Mean 18.33333 13 1 4
Standard Error 1.220614 16 3 3
Frequency
Median 18.5 19 3 2
Mode 16 22 3 1
Standard Deviation 4.228332 More 2 0
Sample Variance 17.87879 10 13
Kurtosis -0.96306
Skewness -0.22672
Range 13
Minimum 11
Maximum 24 Bins Frequency
Sum 220 10 0
Count 12 13 2 4
16 3 3
Frequency
19 2 2
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances 22 3 1
More 2 0
Control Drug 10 13
Mean 18.5 18.333333
Variance 15.18182 17.878788
Observations 12 12
df 22
t Stat 0.100412
SUMMARY Hyp Mean Di 0

Control 12 18.5 15.181818
Drug 12 18.333333 17.878788
Pooled 16.530303 0.040993

std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper
One Tail 1.659834 0.1004116 22 0.460463 1.717144
Two Tail 1.659834 0.1004116 22 0.920927 2.073873 -3.27562 3.6089527

std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper
One Tail 1.659834 0.1004116 21.854564 0.460467 1.717144
Two Tail 1.659834 0.1004116 21.854564 0.920933 2.073873 -3.27562 3.6089527
Correlation Testing (using dichotomous independent variable)
x 23 15 16 25 20 17 18 14 12 19 21 22
Control y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4
3
Frequency
2
1
0
10 13 16 19 22 More
Bins
Drug
4
3
Frequency
2
1
0
10 13 16 19 22 More
Bins
sig efect r
no 0.021403
no 0.021403
sig efect r
no 0.021474
no 0.021474
s independent variable)
16 21 16 11 24 21 18 15 19 22 13 24 r 0.021403 =CORREL(Y3:AV3,Y4:AV4)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sr 0.213152 =SQRT((1-AY3^2)/AY6)
t 0.100412 =(AY3-0)/AY4
df 22 =COUNT(Y3:AV3)-2
alpha 0.05
p-value 0.920927 =TDIST(AY5,AY6,2)
reject no =IF(AY8<AY7,"yes","no")
H0: = 0
New Old 30
20 12
32 8 25
2 6
25 16 20
5 12
15
18 14
21 10 10
7 18
28 4 5
40 11
0
10 10 size New Old
19.8 11.1 mean
150.6222 18.76667 variance
SUMMARY Hyp Mean D 0

New 10 19.8 150.6222
Old 10 11.1 18.76667
Pooled 84.69444 0.945348

One Tail 4.115688 2.113863 18 0.024373 1.734064
Two Tail 4.115688 2.113863 18 0.048747 2.100922

One Tail 4.115688 2.113863 11.20841 0.029093 1.795885
Two Tail 4.115688 2.113863 11.20841 0.058186 2.200985
TTEST
0.05773 =T.TEST(A4:A13,B4:B13,2,3)
0.048747 =T.TEST(A4:A13,B4:B13,2,2)
Pooled values - equal sample size
84.69444 =VAR_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B13)
11.20841 =DF_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B13)
Pooled values - unequal sample size
89.67582 =VAR_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B12)
11.70218 =DF_POOLED(A4:A13,B4:B12)
New Old
Min 2 4
Q1-Min 7.75 4.5
Med-Q1 10.75 3
Q3-Med 6.75 2
Max-Q3 12.75 4.5
New Old
Mean 19.8 11.1
Variance 150.6222 18.76667
Observations 10 10
Pooled Variance 84.69444
df 18
lower upper sig efect r t Stat 2.113863
yes 0.445955 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.024373
0.05326 17.34674 yes 0.445955 t Critical one-tail 1.734064
lower upper sig efect r
yes 0.533885
-0.35857 17.75857 no 0.533885 t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
New Old
Mean 19.8 11.1
Variance 150.6222 18.76667
Observations 10 10
df 11
t Stat 2.113863
Two sample t test with paired samples
Person Before After Difference t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
1 210 197 13
2 205 195 10 Before After
3 193 191 2 Mean 207.9333 197
4 182 174 8 Variance 815.781 595
5 259 236 23 Observations 15 15
6 239 226 13 Pearson Correlation 0.98372
7 164 157 7 Hypothesized Mean Differe 0
8 197 196 1 df 14
9 222 201 21 t Stat 6.6897
10 211 196 15 P(T<=t) one-tail 5.14E-06
11 187 181 6 t Critical one-tail 1.76131
12 175 164 11 P(T<=t) two-tail 1.03E-05
13 186 181 5 t Critical two-tail 2.144787
14 243 229 14
15 246 231 15
mean 10.9333333
std dev 6.32982359
sample size n 15 =COUNT(D4:D18)

s.e. = std dev / sqrt(n) 1.63435342 =D21/SQRT(D23)
t = mean / s.e. 6.68969953 =(D20-0)/D24
df = n-1 14 =D23-1
p-value 1.0276E-05 =TDIST(D25,D26,2)

p-value 1.0276E-05 =TTEST(B4:B18,C4:C18,2,1)
t-crit 2.14478669 =TINV(0.05,D26)
Compared to independent samples t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Person Before After Before After

1 210 197 Mean 207.9333 197
2 205 195 Variance 815.781 595
3 193 191 Observations 15 15
4 182 174 Pooled Variance 705.3905
5 259 236 Hypothesized Mean Differe 0
6 239 226 df 28
7 164 157 t Stat 1.127375
8 197 196 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.134576
9 222 201 t Critical one-tail 1.701131
10 211 196 P(T<=t) two-tail 0.269153
11 187 181 t Critical two-tail 2.048407
12 175 164
13 186 181
14 243 229 Indep Paired
15 246 231 Mean Difference 10.93333 10.933333
Standard Deviation 26.55919 6.3298236
mean 207.9333 197 10.9333333 t-stat 1.127375 6.6896995
std dev 28.56188 24.39262 26.5591882 p-value (two-tail) 0.269153 1.028E-05
Difference 16
Min 1
14
Q1-Min 5.5
Med-Q1 4.5 12
Q3-Med 3.5
Max-Q3 8.5 10
0
Difference
T Test: Two Paired Samples
SUMMARY Alpha 0.05 Hyp Mean D

Groups Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t df
Before 15 207.93333 28.561879
After 15 197 24.392622
Difference 15 10.933333 6.3298236 1.6343534 6.6896995 14
T TEST
p-value t-crit lower upper sig
One Tail 5.138E-06 1.7613101 yes
Two Tail 1.028E-05 2.1447867 7.4279939 14.438673 yes
0
Cohen d Efect r
1.727273 0.8727603
Paired t test with missing data
Person Before After Difference
1 210 197 13 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05
2 205 195 10 Groups Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t
3 193 191 2 Before 15 207.93333 28.561879
4 182 174 8 After 15 197 24.392622
5 259 236 23 Difference 15 10.933333 6.3298236 1.6343534 6.6896995
6 239 226 13
7 164 157 7 T TEST
8 197 196 1 p-value t-crit lower upper sig
9 222 201 21 One Tail 5.138E-06 1.7613101 yes
10 211 196 15 Two Tail 1.028E-05 2.1447867 7.4279939 14.438673 yes
11 187 181 6
12 175 164 11
13 186 181 5
14 243 229 14
15 246 231 15
mean 207.933 197 10.9333

std dev 28.5619 24.3926 6.32982

Person Before After Diff
1 210 197 13 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05
2 205 195 10 Groups Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t
3 193 191 2 Before 12 207.08333 24.98166
4 182 174 8 After 12 197.16667 21.758314
5 259 Difference 12 9.9166667 5.8068664 1.6762979 5.9158139
6 239 226 13
7 T TEST
9 222 201 21 One Tail 5.039E-05 1.7958848 yes
10 196 Two Tail 0.0001008 2.2009852 6.2271598 13.606174 yes
11 187 181 6
12 175 164 11
13 186 181 5
14 243 229 14
15 246 231 15
mean 211.077 197.077 9.91667

std dev 27.9179 20.8345 5.80687
Hyp Mean D 0
df Cohen d Efect r
14 1.727273 0.8727603
Hyp Mean D 0
df Cohen d Efect r
11 1.7077484 0.872269
One sample t test
Subject Weight Loss Null Hyp t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
1 23 0
2 15 0 Weight Loss Null Hyp
3 -5 0 Mean 4.666666667 0
4 7 0 Variance 124.4242424 0
5 1 0 Observations 12 12
6 -10 0 Pearson Correlation #DIV/0!
7 12 0 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
8 -8 0 df 11
9 20 0 t Stat 1.449255314
10 8 0 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.087584728
11 -2 0 t Critical one-tail 1.795884814
12 -5 0 P(T<=t) two-tail 0.175169456
Noncentral t distribution
df 10
0 2 4 6
t ncp 0 ncp 2 ncp 4 ncp 6

-10 7.285E-07 4.53E-10 1.87E-14 0
Noncentral t pdf (
0.45
-9.9 8.054E-07 5.03E-10 2.07E-14 0
-9.8 8.912E-07 5.6E-10 2.31E-14 0 0.40
-9.7 9.87E-07 6.23E-10 2.58E-14 0 0.35
-9.6 1.094E-06 6.93E-10 2.87E-14 0 0.30
-9.5 1.214E-06 7.73E-10 3.21E-14 0 0.25
-9.4 1.348E-06 8.62E-10 3.6E-14 0
0.20
-9.3 1.498E-06 9.63E-10 4.04E-14 0
0.15
-9.2 1.666E-06 1.08E-09 4.51E-14 0
-9.1 1.855E-06 1.21E-09 5.08E-14 0 0.10
-9 2.067E-06 1.35E-09 5.71E-14 0 0.05
-8.9 2.306E-06 1.52E-09 6.44E-14 0 0.00
-8.8 2.574E-06 1.7E-09 7.24E-14 0 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 2
-1 -8. -7. -6. -5. -4. -3. -2. -1. -0. 2. 3.
-8.7 2.877E-06 1.91E-09 8.15E-14 0
-8.6 3.219E-06 2.16E-09 9.22E-14 0
-8.5 3.604E-06 2.43E-09 1.04E-13 2.61E-16
-8.4 4.04E-06 2.74E-09 1.18E-13 0 t 4.5
-8.3 4.534E-06 3.1E-09 1.34E-13 0 df 10
-8.2 5.093E-06 3.5E-09 1.52E-13 0 4
-8.1 5.726E-06 3.97E-09 1.73E-13 0 pdf 0.254966
-8 6.446E-06 4.5E-09 1.97E-13 0 cdf 0.603678
-7.9 7.264E-06 5.11E-09 2.25E-13 0
-7.8 8.195E-06 5.82E-09 2.57E-13 0
-7.7 9.255E-06 6.62E-09 2.94E-13 0
-7.6 1.046E-05 7.56E-09 3.37E-13 0
-7.5 1.185E-05 8.63E-09 3.87E-13 0
-7.4 1.342E-05 9.87E-09 4.45E-13 0
-7.3 1.523E-05 1.13E-08 5.12E-13 0
-7.2 1.73E-05 1.3E-08 5.91E-13 0
-7.1 1.968E-05 1.49E-08 6.83E-13 0
-7 2.241E-05 1.72E-08 7.91E-13 0
-6.9 2.555E-05 1.98E-08 9.17E-13 0
-6.8 2.916E-05 2.28E-08 1.07E-12 3.27E-16
-6.7 3.333E-05 2.64E-08 1.24E-12 0
-6.6 3.815E-05 3.06E-08 1.45E-12 0
-6.5 4.371E-05 3.55E-08 1.69E-12 0
-6.4 5.015E-05 4.13E-08 1.99E-12 0
-6.3 5.762E-05 4.82E-08 2.33E-12 3.52E-16
-6.2 6.629E-05 5.62E-08 2.74E-12 3.58E-16
-6.1 7.636E-05 6.57E-08 3.24E-12 0
-6 8.809E-05 7.7E-08 3.83E-12 0
-5.9 0.0001017 9.04E-08 4.53E-12 0
-5.8 0.0001177 1.06E-07 5.38E-12 0
-5.7 0.0001363 1.25E-07 6.41E-12 3.9E-16
-5.6 0.0001581 1.48E-07 7.66E-12 3.97E-16
-5.5 0.0001836 1.75E-07 9.16E-12 0
-5.4 0.0002135 2.08E-07 1.1E-11 4.11E-16
-5.3 0.0002487 2.48E-07 1.32E-11 4.19E-16
-5.2 0.00029 2.95E-07 1.6E-11 4.27E-16
-5.1 0.0003386 3.53E-07 1.94E-11 4.35E-16
-5 0.000396 4.22E-07 2.35E-11 4.44E-16
-4.9 0.0004637 5.07E-07 2.86E-11 4.53E-16
-4.8 0.0005437 6.1E-07 3.5E-11 4.63E-16
-4.7 0.0006383 7.36E-07 4.29E-11 0
-4.6 0.0007504 8.9E-07 5.27E-11 0
-4.5 0.0008832 1.08E-06 6.51E-11 2.47E-16
-4.4 0.0010409 1.31E-06 8.07E-11 2.52E-16
-4.3 0.0012282 1.6E-06 1E-10 2.58E-16
-4.2 0.0014508 1.96E-06 1.25E-10 2.64E-16
-4.1 0.0017157 2.4E-06 1.57E-10 5.42E-16
-4 0.002031 2.95E-06 1.97E-10 5.55E-16
-3.9 0.0024067 3.64E-06 2.49E-10 8.54E-16
-3.8 0.0028544 4.5E-06 3.16E-10 8.76E-16
-3.7 0.0033882 5.58E-06 4.02E-10 9E-16
-3.6 0.0040246 6.94E-06 5.15E-10 1.23E-15
-3.5 0.0047836 8.65E-06 6.62E-10 1.9E-15
-3.4 0.0056886 1.08E-05 8.55E-10 2.61E-15
-3.3 0.0067672 1.36E-05 1.11E-09 3.03E-15
-3.2 0.0080522 1.71E-05 1.45E-09 4.16E-15
-3.1 0.0095817 2.16E-05 1.9E-09 5.37E-15
-3 0.0114005 2.73E-05 2.5E-09 7.4E-15
-2.9 0.0135605 3.47E-05 3.31E-09 9.95E-15
-2.8 0.0161213 4.42E-05 4.41E-09 1.39E-14
-2.7 0.0191513 5.65E-05 5.91E-09 1.89E-14
-2.6 0.0227281 7.23E-05 7.97E-09 2.69E-14
-2.5 0.0269387 9.29E-05 1.08E-08 3.73E-14
-2.4 0.0318795 0.00012 1.47E-08 5.27E-14
-2.3 0.0376556 0.000154 2.02E-08 7.58E-14
-2.2 0.0443797 0.0002 2.79E-08 1.09E-13
-2.1 0.0521697 0.000259 3.87E-08 1.59E-13
-2 0.0611458 0.000336 5.41E-08 2.34E-13
-1.9 0.0714251 0.000438 7.61E-08 3.48E-13
-1.8 0.0831164 0.000571 1.08E-07 5.22E-13
-1.7 0.0963118 0.000745 1.53E-07 7.93E-13
-1.6 0.1110779 0.000973 2.2E-07 1.22E-12
-1.5 0.1274448 0.001271 3.17E-07 1.89E-12
-1.4 0.1453949 0.001661 4.6E-07 2.97E-12
-1.3 0.1648507 0.002171 6.72E-07 4.73E-12
-1.2 0.1856639 0.002834 9.86E-07 7.62E-12
-1.1 0.2076059 0.003695 1.46E-06 1.24E-11
-1 0.230362 0.004809 2.16E-06 2.05E-11
-0.9 0.25353 0.006244 3.22E-06 3.43E-11
-0.8 0.2766251 0.008081 4.82E-06 5.82E-11
-0.7 0.2990924 0.010421 7.24E-06 9.97E-11
-0.6 0.3203258 0.013381 1.09E-05 1.73E-10
-0.5 0.3396951 0.017095 1.65E-05 3.04E-10
-0.4 0.3565785 0.021715 2.49E-05 5.4E-10
-0.3 0.3703985 0.027407 3.78E-05 9.69E-10
-0.2 0.3806582 0.034346 5.72E-05 1.76E-09
-0.1 0.3869752 0.042708 8.65E-05 3.21E-09
-1.88E-14 0.3891084 0.05266 0.000131 5.93E-09
0.1 0.3869752 0.064347 0.000196 1.1E-08
0.2 0.3806582 0.077875 0.000294 2.05E-08
0.3 0.3703985 0.093297 0.000438 3.84E-08
0.4 0.3565785 0.110594 0.000649 7.2E-08
0.5 0.3396951 0.129664 0.000953 1.35E-07
0.6 0.3203258 0.150309 0.001388 2.53E-07
0.7 0.2990924 0.172233 0.002002 4.73E-07
0.8 0.2766251 0.195046 0.002859 8.79E-07
0.9 0.25353 0.218273 0.004035 1.62E-06
1 0.230362 0.241372 0.005626 2.97E-06
1.1 0.2076059 0.263764 0.007745 5.37E-06
1.2 0.1856639 0.284859 0.01052 9.61E-06
1.3 0.1648507 0.304091 0.014093 1.7E-05
1.4 0.1453949 0.320947 0.018612 2.95E-05
1.5 0.1274448 0.334993 0.024227 5.05E-05
1.6 0.1110779 0.345901 0.031076 8.5E-05
1.7 0.0963118 0.353455 0.039279 0.000141
1.8 0.0831164 0.357562 0.048923 0.000228
1.9 0.0714251 0.358248 0.060051 0.000364
2 0.0611458 0.355644 0.072655 0.000569
2.1 0.0521697 0.349977 0.086666 0.000873
2.2 0.0443797 0.341548 0.101954 0.001313
2.3 0.0376556 0.330712 0.118328 0.001936
2.4 0.0318795 0.317855 0.135538 0.0028
2.5 0.0269387 0.303378 0.15329 0.003973
2.6 0.0227281 0.287677 0.171254 0.005532
2.7 0.0191513 0.271131 0.189079 0.007562
2.8 0.0161213 0.254089 0.206411 0.010152
2.9 0.0135605 0.236865 0.222906 0.013393
3 0.0114005 0.219731 0.238244 0.017371
3.1 0.0095817 0.202917 0.252143 0.022164
3.2 0.0080522 0.186611 0.264368 0.027833
3.3 0.0067672 0.170958 0.274736 0.034423
3.4 0.0056886 0.15607 0.28312 0.041953
3.5 0.0047836 0.142021 0.289448 0.050416
3.6 0.0040246 0.128859 0.293703 0.059775
3.7 0.0033882 0.116607 0.295917 0.069966
3.8 0.0028544 0.105266 0.296166 0.080894
3.9 0.0024067 0.094822 0.294561 0.09244
4 0.002031 0.085248 0.291241 0.104463
4.1 0.0017157 0.076507 0.28637 0.116803
4.2 0.0014508 0.068556 0.280123 0.129291
4.3 0.0012282 0.061347 0.272684 0.14175
4.4 0.0010409 0.05483 0.264237 0.154004
4.5 0.0008832 0.048954 0.254966 0.165883
4.6 0.0007504 0.043668 0.245045 0.177225
4.7 0.0006383 0.038924 0.234639 0.187884
4.8 0.0005437 0.034672 0.223899 0.197733
4.9 0.0004637 0.030868 0.212965 0.206662
5 0.000396 0.02747 0.20196 0.214584
5.1 0.0003386 0.024438 0.190991 0.221436
5.2 0.00029 0.021736 0.180151 0.227173
5.3 0.0002487 0.01933 0.16952 0.231776
5.4 0.0002135 0.017188 0.159163 0.23524
5.5 0.0001836 0.015284 0.149131 0.237583
5.6 0.0001581 0.013592 0.139466 0.238837
5.7 0.0001363 0.012089 0.1302 0.239046
5.8 0.0001177 0.010753 0.121352 0.238267
5.9 0.0001017 0.009568 0.112938 0.236566
6 8.809E-05 0.008515 0.104964 0.234014
6.1 7.636E-05 0.007581 0.097431 0.230688
6.2 6.629E-05 0.006751 0.090335 0.226667
6.3 5.762E-05 0.006015 0.083668 0.222032
6.4 5.015E-05 0.005361 0.077419 0.216861
6.5 4.371E-05 0.004781 0.071576 0.211233
6.6 3.815E-05 0.004265 0.066121 0.205223
6.7 3.333E-05 0.003807 0.06104 0.198901
6.8 2.916E-05 0.0034 0.056313 0.192336
6.9 2.555E-05 0.003038 0.051923 0.18559
7 2.241E-05 0.002716 0.047851 0.17872
7.1 1.968E-05 0.00243 0.04408 0.171779
7.2 1.73E-05 0.002175 0.040589 0.164815
7.3 1.523E-05 0.001948 0.037363 0.157869
7.4 1.342E-05 0.001746 0.034384 0.150978
7.5 1.185E-05 0.001565 0.031634 0.144177
7.6 1.046E-05 0.001405 0.029099 0.137492
7.7 9.255E-06 0.001261 0.026763 0.130947
7.8 8.195E-06 0.001133 0.024611 0.124563
7.9 7.264E-06 0.001019 0.02263 0.118356
8 6.446E-06 0.000916 0.020808 0.11234
8.1 5.726E-06 0.000825 0.019132 0.106523
8.2 5.093E-06 0.000743 0.017592 0.100915
8.3 4.534E-06 0.00067 0.016176 0.095519
8.4 4.04E-06 0.000604 0.014874 0.090339
8.5 3.604E-06 0.000545 0.013679 0.085376
8.6 3.219E-06 0.000492 0.012581 0.08063
8.7 2.877E-06 0.000445 0.011573 0.076098
8.8 2.574E-06 0.000403 0.010647 0.071778
8.9 2.306E-06 0.000364 0.009796 0.067665
9 2.067E-06 0.00033 0.009015 0.063756
9.1 1.855E-06 0.000299 0.008298 0.060044
9.2 1.666E-06 0.000271 0.00764 0.056523
9.3 1.498E-06 0.000246 0.007035 0.053188
9.4 1.348E-06 0.000223 0.00648 0.050032
9.5 1.214E-06 0.000203 0.00597 0.047047
9.6 1.094E-06 0.000184 0.005502 0.044226
9.7 9.87E-07 0.000168 0.005071 0.041564
9.8 8.912E-07 0.000153 0.004676 0.039052
9.9 8.054E-07 0.000139 0.004313 0.036684
10 7.285E-07 0.000127 0.003979 0.034452
10.1 6.594E-07 0.000116 0.003671 0.032351
Noncentral t distribution
df 1 3 5
t df 1 df 3 df 5
Noncentral t pdf (df = 10) -6 0.0001865 1.63E-05 2.36E-06
-5.9 0.0001928 1.74E-05 2.6E-06
-5.8 0.0001995 1.86E-05 2.86E-06
-5.7 0.0002065 1.99E-05 3.15E-06
ncp 0 -5.6 0.0002138 2.13E-05 3.48E-06
ncp 2 -5.5 0.0002216 2.28E-05 3.85E-06
ncp 4 -5.4 0.0002298 2.45E-05 4.26E-06
ncp 6 -5.3 0.0002385 2.63E-05 4.73E-06
-5.2 0.0002476 2.83E-05 5.25E-06
-5.1 0.0002573 3.04E-05 5.85E-06
-5 0.0002676 3.28E-05 6.52E-06
-4.9 0.0002785 3.55E-05 7.29E-06
.5 .4 .3 .2 .1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -4.8 0.00029 3.84E-05 8.16E-06
-4 -3 -2 -1 -0 2. 3. 4 . 5. 6 . 7 . 8. 9.
-4.7 0.0003023 4.15E-05 9.15E-06
-4.6 0.0003154 4.51E-05 1.03E-05
-4.5 0.0003294 4.9E-05 1.16E-05
-4.4 0.0003443 5.33E-05 1.31E-05
-4.3 0.0003602 5.81E-05 1.48E-05
-4.2 0.0003772 6.35E-05 1.68E-05
-4.1 0.0003955 6.95E-05 1.91E-05
-4 0.0004151 7.62E-05 2.17E-05
-3.9 0.0004363 8.37E-05 2.48E-05
-3.8 0.000459 9.21E-05 2.84E-05
-3.7 0.0004836 0.000102 3.26E-05
-3.6 0.0005102 0.000112 3.75E-05
-3.5 0.000539 0.000125 4.33E-05
-3.4 0.0005703 0.000139 5.02E-05
-3.3 0.0006044 0.000154 5.83E-05
-3.2 0.0006417 0.000172 6.79E-05
-3.1 0.0006824 0.000193 7.94E-05
-3 0.0007271 0.000217 9.32E-05
-2.9 0.0007763 0.000245 0.00011
-2.8 0.0008305 0.000276 0.00013
-2.7 0.0008906 0.000314 0.000154
-2.6 0.0009573 0.000357 0.000183
-2.5 0.0010317 0.000408 0.000218
-2.4 0.001115 0.000468 0.000262
-2.3 0.0012086 0.000539 0.000315
-2.2 0.0013142 0.000624 0.000381
-2.1 0.0014339 0.000724 0.000462
-2 0.0015704 0.000845 0.000564
-1.9 0.0017268 0.000991 0.00069
-1.8 0.001907 0.001168 0.000848
-1.7 0.0021159 0.001384 0.001047
-1.6 0.0023599 0.001647 0.001298
-1.5 0.0026469 0.001972 0.001614
-1.4 0.0029869 0.002375 0.002016
-1.3 0.0033934 0.002875 0.002528
-1.2 0.0038836 0.003501 0.003179
-1.1 0.0044806 0.004287 0.004009
-1 0.0052153 0.005278 0.00507
-0.9 0.0061291 0.006533 0.006423
-0.8 0.0072788 0.008125 0.008147
-0.7 0.008742 0.010149 0.010341
-0.6 0.0106255 0.012722 0.013122
-0.5 0.0130755 0.015991 0.01663
-0.4 0.0162904 0.020128 0.021029
-0.3 0.0205335 0.025339 0.026502
-0.2 0.0261407 0.031851 0.033249
-0.1 0.0335127 0.039907 0.041474
-4.58E-15 0.0430786 0.049743 0.051374
0.1 0.0552147 0.061563 0.06312
0.2 0.070122 0.075504 0.076832
0.3 0.0876889 0.091599 0.092555
0.4 0.107399 0.109743 0.110238
0.5 0.1283422 0.129665 0.129713
0.6 0.1493473 0.150933 0.150687
0.7 0.1691933 0.172964 0.172742
0.8 0.1868211 0.195067 0.195353
0.9 0.2014781 0.216504 0.217914
1 0.212769 0.236549 0.239779
1.1 0.2206269 0.254554 0.260304
1.2 0.2252377 0.269995 0.278891
1.3 0.226951 0.282502 0.295026
1.4 0.2261993 0.291873 0.308312
1.5 0.2234362 0.298063 0.318481
1.6 0.2190951 0.301165 0.325403
1.7 0.2135656 0.301383 0.32908
1.8 0.2071828 0.299001 0.32963
1.9 0.2002257 0.29435 0.327266
2 0.1929199 0.287783 0.322272
2.1 0.1854437 0.279656 0.314983
2.2 0.1779352 0.270307 0.305756
2.3 0.1704986 0.260049 0.294955
2.4 0.1632108 0.249159 0.282933
2.5 0.1561267 0.237881 0.270021
2.6 0.149284 0.22642 0.25652
2.7 0.142707 0.214947 0.242696
2.8 0.1364097 0.2036 0.228778
2.9 0.1303983 0.192488 0.214958
3 0.1246731 0.181695 0.201392
3.1 0.1192302 0.171282 0.188205
3.2 0.1140628 0.161292 0.175492
3.3 0.1091618 0.151755 0.163322
3.4 0.1045167 0.142684 0.151742
3.5 0.1001163 0.134088 0.140781
3.6 0.0959489 0.125962 0.130452
3.7 0.0920026 0.118301 0.120757
3.8 0.0882656 0.111091 0.111688
3.9 0.0847264 0.104317 0.103228
4 0.0813738 0.097961 0.095357
4.1 0.0781971 0.092003 0.08805
4.2 0.075186 0.086425 0.081277
4.3 0.0723307 0.081204 0.075011
4.4 0.0696221 0.076322 0.069221
4.5 0.0670514 0.071757 0.063876
4.6 0.0646104 0.06749 0.058947
4.7 0.0622913 0.063502 0.054405
4.8 0.0600869 0.059776 0.050222
4.9 0.0579904 0.056293 0.046372
5 0.0559955 0.053039 0.042828
5.1 0.0540961 0.049996 0.039569
5.2 0.0522867 0.047152 0.03657
5.3 0.0505621 0.044492 0.033813
5.4 0.0489173 0.042004 0.031276
5.5 0.0473479 0.039676 0.028943
5.6 0.0458495 0.037496 0.026796
5.7 0.0444181 0.035455 0.024821
5.8 0.04305 0.033543 0.023003
5.9 0.0417418 0.031751 0.021329
6 0.0404901 0.03007 0.019788
6.1 0.0392918 0.028494 0.018367
6.2 0.0381441 0.027014 0.017059
6.3 0.0370444 0.025625 0.015852
6.4 0.03599 0.02432 0.014739
6.5 0.0349785 0.023093 0.013712
6.6 0.0340079 0.021939 0.012764
6.7 0.0330759 0.020854 0.011888
6.8 0.0321807 0.019832 0.011078
6.9 0.0313203 0.01887 0.01033
7 0.0304931 0.017963 0.009638
7.1 0.0296974 0.017108 0.008997
7.2 0.0289317 0.016302 0.008404
7.3 0.0281945 0.015541 0.007854
7.4 0.0274845 0.014823 0.007344
7.5 0.0268004 0.014144 0.006871
7.6 0.0261409 0.013502 0.006433
7.7 0.025505 0.012896 0.006025
7.8 0.0248915 0.012322 0.005647
7.9 0.0242995 0.011779 0.005295
8 0.0237279 0.011264 0.004968
8.1 0.0231759 0.010777 0.004663
8.2 0.0226425 0.010315 0.00438
8.3 0.022127 0.009877 0.004116
8.4 0.0216286 0.009462 0.003869
8.5 0.0211466 0.009067 0.00364
8.6 0.0206803 0.008692 0.003426
8.7 0.0202289 0.008337 0.003226
8.8 0.019792 0.007998 0.003039
8.9 0.0193688 0.007677 0.002864
9 0.0189588 0.007371 0.002701
9.1 0.0185616 0.00708 0.002548
9.2 0.0181765 0.006802 0.002405
9.3 0.0178031 0.006538 0.002272
9.4 0.0174409 0.006287 0.002146
9.5 0.0170895 0.006047 0.002029
9.6 0.0167485 0.005818 0.001918
9.7 0.0164175 0.0056 0.001815
9.8 0.0160961 0.005392 0.001718
9.9 0.0157839 0.005193 0.001627
10 0.0154806 0.005003 0.001541
10.1 0.0151858 0.004822 0.00146
10.2 0.0148993 0.004649 0.001385
10.3 0.0146207 0.004483 0.001313
10.4 0.0143498 0.004324 0.001246
10.5 0.0140862 0.004173 0.001183
10.6 0.0138298 0.004027 0.001123
10.7 0.0135802 0.003888 0.001067
10.8 0.0133373 0.003755 0.001014
10.9 0.0131008 0.003628 0.000964
11 0.0128704 0.003505 0.000917
11.1 0.012646 0.003388 0.000873
11.2 0.0124273 0.003276 0.000831
11.3 0.0122143 0.003168 0.000791
11.4 0.0120066 0.003064 0.000753
11.5 0.0118041 0.002965 0.000718
11.6 0.0116066 0.002869 0.000684
11.7 0.0114141 0.002778 0.000653
11.8 0.0112262 0.00269 0.000622
11.9 0.0110429 0.002605 0.000594
12 0.010864 0.002523 0.000567
12.1 0.0106894 0.002445 0.000541
12.2 0.0105189 0.00237 0.000517
12.3 0.0103525 0.002297 0.000494
12.4 0.0101899 0.002228 0.000472
12.5 0.0100311 0.002161 0.000451
12.6 0.0098759 0.002096 0.000432
12.7 0.0097243 0.002034 0.000413
12.8 0.0095762 0.001974 0.000395
12.9 0.0094314 0.001916 0.000378
13 0.0092898 0.00186 0.000362
13.1 0.0091513 0.001806 0.000347
13.2 0.0090159 0.001755 0.000332
13.3 0.0088835 0.001705 0.000318
13.4 0.008754 0.001656 0.000305
13.5 0.0086272 0.00161 0.000293
13.6 0.0085032 0.001565 0.000281
13.7 0.0083818 0.001521 0.000269
13.8 0.0082629 0.001479 0.000258
13.9 0.0081466 0.001439 0.000248
14 0.0080327 0.0014 0.000238
14.1 0.0079211 0.001362 0.000229
10
df 10
7.7E-08
Noncentral t pdf (ncp = 2)
9.04E-08 0.40
0.35
1.06E-07
0.30
1.25E-07
0.25
1.48E-07 0.20
1.75E-07 df 1
0.15
2.08E-07 df 3
0.10
df 5
2.48E-07 0.05
df 10
2.95E-07 0.00
3.53E-07 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 11 12 1 3 14
7E
4.22E-07 87
6 57
5.07E-07
9 97
6.1E-07
9 66
7.36E-07 .57
-4
8.9E-07
1.08E-06
1.31E-06
1.6E-06
1.96E-06
2.4E-06
2.95E-06
3.64E-06
4.5E-06
5.58E-06
6.94E-06
8.65E-06
1.08E-05
1.36E-05
1.71E-05
2.16E-05
2.73E-05
3.47E-05
4.42E-05
5.65E-05
7.23E-05
9.29E-05
0.00012
0.000154
0.0002
0.000259
0.000336
0.000438
0.000571
0.000745
0.000973
0.001271
0.001661
0.002171
0.002834
0.003695
0.004809
0.006244
0.008081
0.010421
0.013381
0.017095
0.021715
0.027407
0.034346
0.042708
0.05266
0.064347
0.077875
0.093297
0.110594
0.129664
0.150309
0.172233
0.195046
0.218273
0.241372
0.263764
0.284859
0.304091
0.320947
0.334993
0.345901
0.353455
0.357562
0.358248
0.355644
0.349977
0.341548
0.330712
0.317855
0.303378
0.287677
0.271131
0.254089
0.236865
0.219731
0.202917
0.186611
0.170958
0.15607
0.142021
0.128859
0.116607
0.105266
0.094822
0.085248
0.076507
0.068556
0.061347
0.05483
0.048954
0.043668
0.038924
0.034672
0.030868
0.02747
0.024438
0.021736
0.01933
0.017188
0.015284
0.013592
0.012089
0.010753
0.009568
0.008515
0.007581
0.006751
0.006015
0.005361
0.004781
0.004265
0.003807
0.0034
0.003038
0.002716
0.00243
0.002175
0.001948
0.001746
0.001565
0.001405
0.001261
0.001133
0.001019
0.000916
0.000825
0.000743
0.00067
0.000604
0.000545
0.000492
0.000445
0.000403
0.000364
0.00033
0.000299
0.000271
0.000246
0.000223
0.000203
0.000184
0.000168
0.000153
0.000139
0.000127
0.000116
0.000105
9.63E-05
8.79E-05
8.04E-05
7.35E-05
6.73E-05
6.16E-05
5.65E-05
5.18E-05
4.75E-05
4.36E-05
4E-05
3.68E-05
3.38E-05
3.11E-05
2.86E-05
2.64E-05
2.43E-05
2.24E-05
2.06E-05
1.9E-05
1.76E-05
1.62E-05
1.5E-05
1.39E-05
1.28E-05
1.19E-05
1.1E-05
1.02E-05
9.44E-06
8.76E-06
8.12E-06
7.54E-06
7E-06
6.5E-06
6.04E-06
5.62E-06
5.22E-06
4.86E-06
4.53E-06
Power: one sample t test
d 0.4
0.05
n 20
tails 2
1.788854
df 19
t-crit 2.093024
0.603006
1- 0.396994
df 1
df 3 suppl 0.396994
df 5
df 10
14
Inverse function
0.01
df 25
ncp 8
t 5.151779
0.01
0.01
df 25
ncp -6
t -10.0154
0.01
Power: paired sample t test
mean 1 10
mean 2 15
stdev 1 8
stdev 2 3
corr 0.6
=AI3*SQRT(AI5) n 20
=AI5-1 0.05
=IF(AI6=2,T.INV.2T(AI4,AI9),T.INV(1-AI4,AI9)) tails 2
=NT_DIST(AI10,AI9,AI8,TRUE)-IF(AI6=2,NT_DIST(-AI10,AI9,AI8,TRUE),0)
=1-AI11 d 0.752071
1- 0.890498
=T1_POWER(AI3,AI5,AI6,AI4)
d (suppl) 0.752071
=NT_INV(AI20,AI21,AI22)
=NT_DIST(AI23,AI21,AI22,TRUE)
=NT_INV(AI26,AI27,AI28)
=NT_DIST(AI29,AI27,AI28,TRUE)
aired sample t test Power: Two independent samples t test
d 0.4
0.05
n1 10
n2 20
tails 2
1.032796
df 28
t-crit 2.048407
=ABS(AN3-AN4)/SQRT(AN5^2+AN6^2-2*AN5*AN6*AN7) 0.830503
=T1_POWER(AN12,AN8,AN10,AN9) 1- 0.169497
=Effect_Paired(AN3,AN4,AN5,AN6,AN7) suppl 0.169497

dependent samples t test Power and Sample size: Two
d

n
tails

=AS3*SQRT(HARMEAN(AS5,AS6)/2) df
=AS5+AS6-2 t-crit
=IF(AS7=2,T.INV.2T(AS4,AS10),T.INV(1-AS4,AS10))
=NT_DIST(AS11,AS10,AS9,TRUE)-IF(AS7=2,NT_DIST(-AS11,AS10,AS9,TRUE),0) 1-
=1-AS12
suppl
=T2_POWER(AS3,AS5,AS6,AS7,AS4)
1-
wer and Sample size: Two independent samples t test
0.4
0.05
10
2
0.894427 =AX3*SQRT(AX5/2)
18 =AX5*2-2
2.100922 =IF(AX6=2,T.INV.2T(AX4,AX9),T.INV(1-AX4,AX9))
0.864548 =NT_DIST(AX10,AX9,AX8,TRUE)-IF(AX6=2,NT_DIST(-AX10,AX9,AX8,TRUE),0)
0.135452 =1-AX11
0.135452 =T2_POWER(AX3,AX5)
0.135452 =T2_POWER(AZ3,ROUNDUP(AX5,0))
0.803648 =T2_POWER(AX3,100)
0.8
100 =T2_SIZE(AX3,AX18)
78 =T2_SIZE(AX3,AX18,1)
121 =T2_SIZE(AX3,AX18,2,0.025)
52 =T1_SIZE(AX3)
Confidence interval for effect size
Sample Data T Test: One Sample
63 58 76 59 SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

95 84 83 68 Count Mean Std Dev Std Err t df Cohen d
81 90 87 45 40 68.4 16.57121 2.620139 -3.66393 39 0.579318
75 38 54 52
90 100 45 76 T TEST Hyp Mean 78
45 68 64 50 One Tail 0.000369 1.684875 yes
59 49 63 75 Two Tail 0.000737 2.022691 63.10027 73.69973 yes
72 68 92 64
35 60 87 86
Confidence interval of effect size Goal Seek
t -3.663928 t -3.663928 t 3.663928

Efect r df 39 df 39 df 39
0.506035 alpha 0.0243088 alpha 0.9757651 alpha 0.024235
ncp -1.51 ncp -5.779139 ncp 5.779139
d -0.238752 d -0.913762 d 0.913762
Real Statistics Function NT_NCP NT_NCP
t 3.6639278 t 3.6639278 t 3.663928

df 39 df 39 df 39
alpha 0.025 alpha 0.975 alpha 0.025
ncp 5.7647264 ncp 1.5228938 ncp 5.764726
d 0.9114833 d 0.2407907 d 0.911483
Comparison
Goal Seek 0.024235

NT_NCP 0.025
Confidence interval of effect size and power
=ABS(J7) t 3.663928 =ABS(J7)

=K7 df 39 =K7
=NT_DIST(V5,V6,V8,TRUE) n 40 =AA6+1
alpha 0.05
=V8/SQRT(V6+1) d 0.579318 =L7
d lower 0.240791 =NT_NCP(1-AA8/2,AA6,AA5)/SQRT(AA7)
d upper 0.911483 =NT_NCP(AA8/2,AA6,AA5)/SQRT(AA7)
0.05
1- 0.946556 =T1_POWER(AA9,AA7,2,AA12)
=ABS(J7) 1- lower 0.317856 =T1_POWER(AA10,AA7,2,AA12)
=K7 1- upper 0.999873 =T1_POWER(AA11,AA7,2,AA12)
=NT_NCP(V16,V15,V14)
=V17/SQRT(V15+1)
=NT_DIST(V5,V6,V8,TRUE)
=NT_DIST(V14,V15,V17,TRUE)
Single Sample Test of the Coefficient of Variation
Length Shapiro-Wilk Test size 10 =COUNT(A4:A13)

80 mean 112.1 =AVERAGE(A4:A13)
87 Length stdev 25.11949 =STDEV.S(A4:A13)
92 W 0.938015 V 0.224081 =G5/G4
95 p-value 0.53115 unbiased V 0.229683 =G6*(1+1/(4*G3))
101 alpha 0.05 s.e. 0.051359 =G7/SQRT(2*G3)
120 normal yes t 4.363059 =G6/G8
126 df 9 =G3-1
128 p-value 0.001815 =T.DIST.2T(G9,G10)
132 alpha 0.05
160 t-crit 2.262157 =T.INV.2T(G12,G10)
lower 0.1079 =G6-G8*G13
upper 0.340263 =G6+G8*G13
Two Sample Test of the Coefficient of Variation
Weight Height Weight Height V-pooled 0.079219

71.2 187.9 size 10 11 =COUNT(B4:B14) mean 0.034601
73.7 172.1 mean 71.2 180.0 =AVERAGE(B4:B14) stdev 0.025899
58.1 170.3 stdev 6.937018 11.30862 =STDEV.S(B4:B14) z 1.336021
61.3 195.9 V 0.09743 0.062829 =F6/F5 p-value 0.181542
73.1 191.1 n-1 9 10 =F4-1 alpha 0.05
70.8 166.9 z-crit 1.959964
82.4 161.4 Shapiro-Wilk Test d 0.100019
75.6 174.5 lower -0.16143
74.1 185.6 Weight Height upper 0.230634
71.7 188.5 W 0.89753 0.930822
185.7 p-value 0.205789 0.419226
alpha 0.05 0.05
normal yes yes
=(E8*E7+F8*F7)/(E8+F8)
=E7-F7
=SQRT((K3^2/E8+K3^2/F8)*(K3^2+0.5))
=K4/K5
=2*(1-NORM.S.DIST(K6,TRUE))
=NORM.S.INV(1-K8/2)
=SQRT((E7*(E7+0.5)/E8)+(F7*(F7+0.5)/F8))
=K4-K9*K10
=K4+K9*K10
Grubbs Test
Shapiro-Wilk Test min 3

145 mean 148.9091
125 Group 1 stdev 57.81082
190 W 0.8541556 G 2.523906
135 p-value 0.0483455
220 alpha 0.05 alpha 0.05
130 normal no size 11
210 sig value 0.004545
3 df 9
165 t-crit 3.309517
165 G-crit 2.233908
150 sig yes
=MIN(A4:A14) Shapiro-Wilk Test GRUBBS formula
=AVERAGE(A4:A14) 145
=STDEV.S(A4:A14) 125 Group 1 #NAME?
=(G4-G3)/G5 190 W 0.914986 #NAME?
135 p-value 0.317022 #NAME?
220 alpha 0.05 #NAME?
=COUNT(A4:A14) 130 normal yes
=G8/G9 210
=G9-2
=T.INV(1-G10,G11) 165
=(G9-1)*G12/SQRT(G9*(G11+G12^2)) 165
=IF(G6>G13,"yes","no") 150
GRUBBS formula
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
ESD Test
Trial 1
145 350 min 3 =MIN(A5:B15)

125 170 max 440 =MAX(A5:B15)
190 180 mean 185.8182 =AVERAGE(A5:B15)
135 195 stdev 101.7722 =STDEV.S(A5:B15)
220 440 mean-min 182.8182 =E7-E5
130 215 max-mean 254.1818 =E6-E7
210 135 G 2.497556 =MAX(E9:E10)/E8
3 410 #NAME?
165 40 alpha 0.05
165 140 size 22 =COUNT(A5:B15)
150 175 sig value 0.002273 =E13/E14
df 20 =E14-2
t-crit 3.496641 =T.INV.2T(E15,E16)
G-crit 2.757735 =(E14-1)*E17/SQRT(E14*(E16+E17^2))
sig no =IF(E11>E18,"yes","no")
Trial 2 Trial 3
145 350 min 3 145 350 min 3

125 170 max 410 125 170 max 350
190 180 mean 173.714 190 180 mean 161.9
135 195 stdev 86.5518 135 195 stdev 69.28272
220 mean-min 170.714 220 mean-min 158.9
130 215 max-mean 236.286 130 215 max-mean 188.1
210 135 G 2.72999 210 135 G 2.714963
3 410 3
165 40 alpha 0.05 165 40 alpha 0.05
165 140 size 21 165 140 size 20
150 175 sig value 0.00238 150 175 sig value 0.0025
df 19 df 18
t-crit 3.50266 t-crit 3.510104
G-crit 2.73378 G-crit 2.708246
sig no sig yes
Summary
Trial outlier G G-crit sig

1 440 2.497556 2.757735 no
2 410 2.729992 2.73378 no
3 350 2.714963 2.708246 yes
4 3 2.721414 2.680931 yes
5 40 2.83852 2.651599 yes
6 220 1.707766 2.619964 no
Trial 4 Trial 5
145 min 3 145 min 40

125 170 max 220 125 170 max 220
190 180 mean 152 190 180 mean 160.2778
135 195 stdev 54.75095 135 195 stdev 42.37342
220 mean-min 149 220 mean-min 120.2778
130 215 max-mean 68 130 215 max-mean 59.72222
210 135 G 2.721414 210 135 G 2.83852
3
165 40 alpha 0.05 165 40 alpha 0.05
165 140 size 19 165 140 size 18
150 175 sig value 0.002632 150 175 sig value 0.002778
df 17 df 16
t-crit 3.5193 t-crit 3.530648
G-crit 2.680931 G-crit 2.651599
sig yes sig yes
Trial 6
145 350
145 min 125 125 170
125 170 max 220 190 180
190 180 mean 167.3529 135 195
135 195 stdev 30.82803 220 440
220 mean-min 42.35294 130 215
130 215 max-mean 52.64706 210 135
210 135 G 1.707766 3 410
165 40
165 alpha 0.05 165 140
165 140 size 17 150 175
150 175 sig value 0.002941
df 15
t-crit 3.544677
G-crit 2.619964
sig no
ESD formula

Shapiro-Wilk Test Shapiro-Wilk Test Grubbs/ESD Test
145
Group 1 125 170 Group 1 alpha 0.05
W 0.859255 190 180 W 0.938784
p-value 0.004971 135 195 p-value 0.304055 #NAME? #NAME?
alpha 0.05 220 alpha 0.05 #NAME? #NAME?
normal no 130 215 normal yes #NAME? #NAME?
210 135 #NAME? #NAME?
165
165 140
150 175
OUTLIERS formula

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Chi-square distribution
Calculating the pdf Chi-S

0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
k 1 5 10 30
0.15
k/2 0.5 2.5 5 15
0.10
Gamma(k/2) 1.772454 1.32934 24 8.72E+10 0.05
Constant 2.506628 7.519885 768 2.86E+15 0.00
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
0 . 2 . 3. 5 . 6 . 8. 9. 1 1 . 12 . 14 .
x 1 5 10 30
0.0 #NUM! 0 0 0
0.5 0.439391 0.036616 6.34E-05 1.66E-20
1.0 0.241971 0.080657 0.00079 2.12E-16
1.5 0.153866 0.1154 0.003114 4.83E-14 Chi-S
2.0 0.103777 0.138369 0.007664 2.11E-12 0.18
2.5 0.072289 0.150602 0.014572 3.74E-11 0.16
3.0 0.051393 0.15418 0.023533 3.74E-10 0.14
3.5 0.037056 0.151313 0.033954 2.52E-09 0.12
4.0 0.026995 0.143976 0.045112 1.27E-08 0.10
4.5 0.019822 0.133797 0.056276 5.15E-08 0.08
5.0 0.014645 0.122042 0.066801 1.75E-07 0.06
5.5 0.010875 0.109654 0.076169 5.19E-07 0.04
6.0 0.008109 0.097304 0.084016 1.37E-06 0.02
6.5 0.006067 0.085448 0.090123 3.26E-06 0.00
7.0 0.004553 0.074371 0.094406 7.17E-06 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5
0. 1. 3 . 4 . 6 . 7. 9. 1 0 . 1 2 . 13 .
7.5 0.003426 0.064236 0.09689 1.47E-05
8.0 0.002583 0.055112 0.097683 2.82E-05
8.5 0.001952 0.047007 0.096953 5.13E-05
9.0 0.001477 0.039887 0.094904 8.9E-05 Kurtosis
9.5 0.00112 0.033688 0.091756 0.000148 Skewness
10.0 0.00085 0.028335 0.087734 0.000236
10.5 0.000646 0.023743 0.083052 0.000364
11.0 0.000492 0.019827 0.077909 0.000543
11.5 0.000374 0.016506 0.072483 0.000788
12.0 0.000285 0.013702 0.066926 0.001114
12.5 0.000218 0.011345 0.061367 0.001537
13.0 0.000166 0.009371 0.055911 0.002072
13.5 0.000127 0.007723 0.050639 0.002737
14.0 9.72E-05 0.006352 0.045613 0.003547
14.5 7.44E-05 0.005214 0.040877 0.004515
15.0 5.7E-05 0.004273 0.036458 0.005652
15.5 4.36E-05 0.003495 0.032373 0.006966
16.0 3.35E-05 0.002855 0.028626 0.008462
16.5 2.57E-05 0.002329 0.025214 0.010139
17.0 1.97E-05 0.001897 0.022127 0.011993
17.5 1.51E-05 0.001543 0.019351 0.014015
18.0 1.16E-05 0.001253 0.016869 0.016192
18.5 8.91E-06 0.001017 0.014659 0.018506
19.0 6.85E-06 0.000824 0.012702 0.020936
19.5 5.27E-06 0.000668 0.010975 0.023456
20.0 4.05E-06 0.00054 0.009458 0.026039
20.5 3.12E-06 0.000436 0.008131 0.028653
21.0 2.4E-06 0.000352 0.006973 0.031269
21.5 1.85E-06 0.000284 0.005967 0.033854
22.0 1.42E-06 0.000229 0.005094 0.036376
22.5 1.09E-06 0.000185 0.004341 0.038805
23.0 8.43E-07 0.000149 0.003691 0.04111
23.5 6.49E-07 0.00012 0.003133 0.043264
24.0 5E-07 9.61E-05 0.002654 0.045244
24.5 3.86E-07 7.72E-05 0.002245 0.047028
25.0 2.97E-07 6.19E-05 0.001895 0.048598
CHIDIST
x 2.732636793
Chi-Square df 8
2 0.95
CHIINV
df = 1 0.95
df = 5 df 8
df = 10 x 2.732636793
df = 30
CHISQ.DIST
x 2.732636793
df 8
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 f(x) 0.054211317
3. 5 . 6 . 8. 9. 1 1 . 12 . 14 . 1 5 . 17 . 1 8 . 20 . 21 . 2 3 . 24 .
F(x) 0.05
CHISQ.DIST
x 4
Chi-Square df 5.9
f(x) 0.143975911
F(x) 0.450584049
df = 5
df = 10
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
3 . 4 . 6 . 7. 9. 1 0 . 1 2 . 13 . 15 . 16 . 1 8 . 1 9 . 21 . 2 2 . 2 4 .
df = 5 df = 10
5.4 4.2
1.264911 0.894427
CHIDIST CHISQ.DIST CHISQ.DIST.RT
15.50731306 2.732636793 15.50731306
8 8 8
0.05 0.05 0.05
CHIINV CHISQ.INV CHISQ.INV.RT

0.05 0.05 0.05
8 8 8
15.50731306 2.732636793 15.50731306
CHISQ_DIST
2.732636793
8
0.054211317
0.05
CHISQ.DIST 1-CHIDIST CHISQ_DIST GAMMA.DIST

4 4 4 4
5 5.9 5.9 5.9
0.143975911 0.13683013 0.13683013
0.450584049 0.450584049 0.335038813 0.335038813
x f(x)
0.0 0
0.5 6.34E-05
1.0 0.00079 Area under chi-square curve
1.5 0.003114 0.1
2.0 0.007664 0.09
2.5 0.014572 0.08
3.0 0.023533 0.07
3.5 0.033954 0.06
4.0 0.045112 0.05
4.5 0.056276 0.04
5.0 0.066801 0.03
5.5 0.076169 0.02
6.0 0.084016 0.01
6.5 0.090123
0
7.0 0.094406 1 4 7 10 13 16 19
7.5 0.09689
8.0 0.097683
8.5 0.096953
9.0 0.094904
9.5 0.091756
10.0 0.087734
10.5 0.083052
11.0 0.077909
11.5 0.072483
12.0 0.066926
12.5 0.061367
13.0 0.055911
13.5 0.050639
14.0 0.045613
14.5 0.040877
15.0 0.036458
15.5 0.032373
16.0 0.028626
16.5 0.025214
17.0 0.022127
17.5 0.019351
18.0 0.016869
18.5 0.014659
19.0 0.012702
19.5 0.010975
20.0 0.009458
20.5 0.008131
21.0 0.006973
21.5 0.005967
22.0 0.005094
22.5 0.004341
23.0 0.003691
23.5 0.003133
24.0 0.002654
24.5 0.002245
25.0 0.001895
x f(x) width area x f(x) width area
0.125 2.99E-07 0.25 7.466E-08 0.025 5.02E-10 0.05 2.512E-11
0.500 6.34E-05 0.50 3.169E-05 0.100 1.24E-07 0.10 1.239E-08
1.000 0.00079 0.50 0.0003949 0.200 1.89E-06 0.10 1.885E-07
1.500 0.003114 0.50 0.0015569 0.300 9.08E-06 0.10 9.078E-07
2.000 0.007664 0.50 0.0038321 0.400 2.73E-05 0.10 2.729E-06
2.500 0.014572 0.50 0.0072862 0.500 6.34E-05 0.10 6.338E-06
3.000 0.023533 0.50 0.0117666 0.600 0.000125 0.10 1.25E-05
3.500 0.033954 0.50 0.0169772 0.700 0.00022 0.10 2.203E-05
4.000 0.045112 0.50 0.0225559 0.800 0.000358 0.10 3.575E-05
4.500 0.056276 0.50 0.0281382 0.900 0.000545 0.10 5.447E-05
5.000 0.066801 0.50 0.0334005 1.000 0.00079 0.10 7.898E-05
5.500 0.076169 0.50 0.0380846 1.100 0.0011 0.10 0.00011
6.000 0.084016 0.50 0.0420078 1.200 0.001482 0.10 0.0001482
6.500 0.090123 0.50 0.0450614 1.300 0.001941 0.10 0.0001941
7.000 0.094406 0.50 0.0472031 1.400 0.002484 0.10 0.0002484
7.500 0.09689 0.50 0.0484451 1.500 0.003114 0.10 0.0003114
8.000 0.097683 0.50 0.0488417 1.600 0.003834 0.10 0.0003834
8.500 0.096953 0.50 0.0484767 1.700 0.004648 0.10 0.0004648
9.000 0.094904 0.50 0.0474519 1.800 0.005557 0.10 0.0005557
9.500 0.091756 0.50 0.045878 1.900 0.006563 0.10 0.0006563
9.875 0.088809 0.50 0.0444046 2.000 0.007664 0.10 0.0007664
0.5817951 2.100 0.008861 0.10 0.0008861
2.200 0.010153 0.10 0.0010153
0.5595067 2.300 0.011537 0.10 0.0011537
2.400 0.013012 0.10 0.0013012
2.500 0.014572 0.10 0.0014572
2.600 0.016216 0.10 0.0016216
2.700 0.017939 0.10 0.0017939
2.800 0.019736 0.10 0.0019736
2.900 0.021602 0.10 0.0021602
3.000 0.023533 0.10 0.0023533
3.100 0.025523 0.10 0.0025523
3.200 0.027566 0.10 0.0027566
3.300 0.029656 0.10 0.0029656
3.400 0.031787 0.10 0.0031787
3.500 0.033954 0.10 0.0033954
3.600 0.036151 0.10 0.0036151
3.700 0.038371 0.10 0.0038371
3.800 0.040608 0.10 0.0040608
3.900 0.042857 0.10 0.0042857
4.000 0.045112 0.10 0.0045112
4.100 0.047366 0.10 0.0047366
4.200 0.049616 0.10 0.0049616
4.300 0.051854 0.10 0.0051854
4.400 0.054076 0.10 0.0054076
4.500 0.056276 0.10 0.0056276
4.600 0.058451 0.10 0.0058451
4.700 0.060595 0.10 0.0060595
4.800 0.062704 0.10 0.0062704
4.900 0.064774 0.10 0.0064774
5.000 0.066801 0.10 0.0066801
5.100 0.068781 0.10 0.0068781
5.200 0.070711 0.10 0.0070711
5.300 0.072588 0.10 0.0072588
5.400 0.074408 0.10 0.0074408
5.500 0.076169 0.10 0.0076169
5.600 0.077869 0.10 0.0077869
5.700 0.079506 0.10 0.0079506
5.800 0.081077 0.10 0.0081077
5.900 0.082581 0.10 0.0082581
6.000 0.084016 0.10 0.0084016
6.100 0.085381 0.10 0.0085381
6.200 0.086675 0.10 0.0086675
6.300 0.087897 0.10 0.0087897
6.400 0.089046 0.10 0.0089046
6.500 0.090123 0.10 0.0090123
6.600 0.091126 0.10 0.0091126
6.700 0.092056 0.10 0.0092056
6.800 0.092912 0.10 0.0092912
6.900 0.093696 0.10 0.0093696
7.000 0.094406 0.10 0.0094406
7.100 0.095044 0.10 0.0095044
7.200 0.095611 0.10 0.0095611
7.300 0.096107 0.10 0.0096107
7.400 0.096533 0.10 0.0096533
7.500 0.09689 0.10 0.009689
7.600 0.097179 0.10 0.0097179
7.700 0.097402 0.10 0.0097402
7.800 0.097559 0.10 0.0097559
7.900 0.097653 0.10 0.0097653
8.000 0.097683 0.10 0.0097683
8.100 0.097653 0.10 0.0097653
8.200 0.097563 0.10 0.0097563
8.300 0.097416 0.10 0.0097416
8.400 0.097212 0.10 0.0097212
8.500 0.096953 0.10 0.0096953
8.600 0.096642 0.10 0.0096642
8.700 0.09628 0.10 0.009628
8.800 0.095868 0.10 0.0095868
8.900 0.095409 0.10 0.0095409
9.000 0.094904 0.10 0.0094904
9.100 0.094355 0.10 0.0094355
9.200 0.093764 0.10 0.0093764
9.300 0.093132 0.10 0.0093132
9.400 0.092463 0.10 0.0092463
9.500 0.091756 0.10 0.0091756
9.600 0.091014 0.10 0.0091014
9.700 0.09024 0.10 0.009024
9.800 0.089433 0.10 0.0089433
9.900 0.088598 0.10 0.0088598
9.975 0.087952 0.05 0.0043976
0.5595103
Shape (skewness and kurtosis)
Frequency Table
34 50 Histogram
56 62 Bin size 12
39 75 6
71 44 item freq cum 5
84 88 14
4
92 53 26 1 1
Frequency
44 61 38 3 4 3
67 25 50 5 9 2
98 36 62 5 14 1
49 66 74 4 18
0
55 77 86 3 21
26 38 50 62 74 86 9
73 35 98 3 24
Bin
sample pop
skew 0.195701 0.183251
kurt -0.78551 -0.87114
34 50 Frequency Table
56 62
39 84 Bin size 12
71 44 Histogram
84 88 item freq cum
6
88 53 14
44 62 26 1 1 5
67 25 38 3 4 4
98 34 50 5 9
Frequency
3
49 66 62 5 14
62 84 74 4 18 2
73 35 86 3 21 1
98 3 24
0
26 38 50 62 74 86
Bin
Skewness test Kurtosis test

74 86 98
sample pop
skew 0.090477 0.084721
kurt -0.99529 -1.0397
m Skewness test Kurtosis test

74 86 98 D'Agostino-Pearson
stat 1.212758 1.212758

p-value 0.545322 0.545322
Shapiro-Wilk
stat 0.964061
p-value 0.525239
Skewness test Kurtosis test
size 24 =COUNT(B4:C15) size 24

alpha 0.05 alpha 0.05
skewness 0.195701 =SKEW(B4:C15) kurtosis -0.78551

s.e. 0.472261 =SQRT(6*Y4*(Y4-1)/((Y4-2)*(Y4+1)*(Y4+3))) s.e. 0.917777
test stat 0.414391 =Y7/Y8 test stat -0.85588
p-value 0.339294 =1-NORM.S.DIST(ABS(Y9),TRUE) p-value 0.196031
lower -0.72991 =Y7-Y8*NORM.S.INV(1-Y5/2) lower -2.58432
upper 1.121315 =Y7+Y8*NORM.S.INV(1-Y5/2) upper 1.0133
D'Agostino-Pearson
stat 0.904256 =Y9^2+AD9^2

p-value 0.636273 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(Y16,2)
stat 0.904256 =DAGOSTINO(B4:C15)

p-value 0.636273 =DPTEST(B4:C15)
Shapiro-Wilk
stat 0.977737 =SHAPIRO(B4:C15)

p-value 0.850787 =SWTEST(B4:C15)
=COUNT(B4:C15)
=KURT(B4:C15)
=2*(AD4-1)*SQRT(6*AD4/((AD4-2)*(AD4-3)*(AD4+3)*(AD4+5)))
=AD7/AD8
=1-NORM.S.DIST(ABS(AD9),TRUE)
=AD7-AD8*NORM.S.INV(1-AD5/2)
=AD7+AD8*NORM.S.INV(1-AD5/2)
One sample testing of variance
Example 1 Example 2
n 30 n
df 29 =B5-1 df
std dev (pop) 1.1 std dev (pop)
var (pop) 1.21 =B7^2 var (pop)
0.05 std dev (sample)
2-crit (left) 16.04707 =CHISQ.INV(B9/2,B6) var (sample)
2-crit (right) 45.72229 =CHISQ.INV.RT(B9/2,B6)
lower 0.66955 =B8/B6*B10 x
upper 1.907723 =B8/B6*B11 p-value
sig no =IF(AND(B12<B8,B8<B13),"no","yes") sig
2-crit
2-tail test
2-crit (left)
2-crit (right)
25 25
24 =G5-1
1.2
1.44 =G7^2
1.5
2.25 =G9^2
0.05
37.5 =G6*G10/G8
0.038982 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(G12,G6)
yes =IF(G13<G11,"yes","no")
36.41503 =CHISQ.INV.RT(G11,G6)
12.40115 =CHIINV(1-G11/2,G6)
39.36408 =CHIINV(G11/2,G6)
Goodness of Fit
n 10
p 0.5
x 9
z2 6.4 =(B5-B3*B4)^2/(B3*B4*(1-B4))
0.05
df 1
p-value 0.011412 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(B6,B8)
sig yes =IF(B9<B7,"yes","no")
Goodness of Fit
Die 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total 0.05

Obs 5 14 7 18 7 9 60 df 5
Exp 10 10 10 10 10 10 60 2 12.4
2-crit 11.0705
(O-E)^2/E 2.5 1.6 0.9 6.4 0.9 0.1 12.4 p-value 0.029699
sig yes
p-value 0.029699
p-value 0.029699
=H7
=CHISQ.INV.RT(K3,K4)
=CHISQ.DIST.RT(K5,K4)
=IF(K7<K3,"yes","no")
=CHISQ.TEST(B4:G4,B5:G5)
=FIT_TEST(B4:G4,B5:G5)
Goodness of Fit
Expected
Zone Sample Population (O-E)^2/E
Sample
1 7 24 6.43902439 0.0488728751
2 11 27 7.243902439 1.9476061427
3 5 20 5.365853659 0.0249445676
4 6 22 5.902439024 0.0016125781
5 9 35 9.390243902 0.0162179284
6 4 17 4.56097561 0.0689970001
7 5 32 8.585365854 1.4972976718
8 8 28 7.512195122 0.0316756414
Total 55 205 55 3.6372244054
0.05
p-value 0.820484342 =CHITEST(B4:B11,E4:E11)
sig no =IF(B15<B14,"yes","no")
2 3.637224405 =G12
2-crit 14.06714045 =CHIINV(B14,B20)
df 7 =COUNT(B4:B11)-1
p-value 0.820484342 =CHIDIST(B18,B20)
sig no =IF(B18>B19,"yes","no")
Goodness of Fit
Hits/min Count Hits x Count Poisson (O-E)^2/E

0 8 0 9.377539 0.20235734
1 33 33 28.69527 0.6457756
2 43 86 43.90376 0.01860402
3 40 120 44.78184 0.51060813
4 34 136 34.25811 0.00194461
5 22 110 20.96596 0.05099873
6 13 78 10.69264 0.4979042
7 7 49 4.674211 1.15726342
Total 200 612 3.08545604
(mean) 3.06
0.05
df 6
2 3.08546
2-crit 12.5916
p-value 0.79805 0.798047 =FIT_TEST(B4:B11,D4:D11,1)
sig no
Index of Dispersion
mean 10.75 =AVERAGE(A3:B8)
16 13 SS 138.25 =DEVSQ(A3:B8)
9 10 d 12.86047 =E3/E2
8 16 df 11 =COUNT(A3:B8)-1
5 8 2 0.302543 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(E4,E5)
11 12 0.05
14 7 sig no =IF(E6<0.05,"yes","no")
Chi-square Test
Observed Values Expected Values
Univ High Sch None Total Univ High Sch None

Wealthy 20 15 10 45 Wealthy 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857
Middle Class 40 25 20 85 Middle Class 33.02857 26.22857 25.74286
Poor 8 14 23 45 Poor 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857
Total 68 54 53 175 Total 68 54 53
Chi-Square Test Expected Values (using MMULT)
0.05 Univ High Sch None

df 4 Wealthy 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857
p-value 0.003273 Middle Class 33.02857 26.22857 25.74286
Poor 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857
We can also calculate 2 as follows: Total 68 54 53
(Observed - Expected) ^ 2 / Expected
Univ High Sch None

Wealthy 0.361531 0.089418 0.966098
Middle Class 1.471478 0.057547 1.281148
Poor 5.145845 0.000941 6.444085
0.05
2 15.81809
df 4
p-value 0.003273
2-crit 9.487729
Expected Values Chi-Square Test
Total Univ High Sch None Total SUMMARY

45 Wealthy 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857 45 Count
85 Middle Class 33.02857 26.22857 25.74286 85 175
45 Poor 17.48571 13.88571 13.62857 45
175 Total 68 54 53 175 CHI-SQUARE
Pearson's
Max likelihood
Total
45
85
45 Real Statistics functions
175
CHI-SQUARE
Pearson's
Max likelihood
Alpha 0.05
Rows Cols df
3 3 4
chi-sq p-value x-crit sig Cramer V

15.81809 0.003273 9.487729 yes 0.21259
16.1142 0.00287 9.487729 yes 0.214571
tatistics functions
chi-sq p-value
15.81809 0.003273
16.1142 0.00287
Chi-square Test
Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Total Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Total

Cured 31 57 88 Cured 24.64 63.36 88
Not Cured 11 51 62 Not Cured 17.36 44.64 62
Total 42 108 150 Total 42 108 150
Chi-square Test Maximum Likelihood Test
(Observed - Expected) ^ 2 / Expected 2 Observed * ln (Observed / Expected)

Cured 1.6416234 0.6384091 2.2800325 Cured 7.118098 -6.02954 1.088554
Not Cured 2.3300461 0.906129 3.2361751 Not Cured -5.01901 6.792961 1.773953
2 = 5.5162076 2 = 5.725014
0.05 0.05
df 1 df 1
2 5.5162076 2 5.725014
p-value 0.0188411 p-value 0.016725
2-crit 3.8414588 2-crit 3.841459
sig yes sig yes
Using MMULT
Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Total

Cured 24.64 63.36 88
Not Cured 17.36 44.64 62
Total 42 108 150
Odds Ratio
Observed Effect size

Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Risk % Odds
Cured 31 57 88 Therapy 1 26.19% 0.3548
Not Cured 11 51 62 Therapy 2 47.22% 0.8947
42 108 150 Ratio 1.80 2.52
Chi-square Test (standard format)
Income Educ Chi-square summary data Expected Values

Wealthy Univ
Wealthy Univ ### ### Total None Univ
Wealthy Univ #NAME? ### ### ### Middle 7.578947 8.421053
Wealthy Univ #NAME? ### ### ### Poor 5.210526 5.789474
Wealthy Univ #NAME? ### ### ### Wealthy 5.210526 5.789474
Wealthy Univ ### ### ### Total 18 20
Wealthy None
Wealthy None
Wealthy None
Wealthy None
Wealthy None
Middle Univ
Middle Univ
Middle Univ
Middle Univ
Middle Univ
Middle Univ
Middle Univ
Middle Univ
Middle Univ
Middle None
Middle None
Middle None
Middle None
Middle None
Middle None
Middle None
Poor Univ
Poor Univ
Poor Univ
Poor Univ
Poor Univ
Poor None
Poor None
Poor None
Poor None
Poor None
Poor None
Chi-Square Test
Total SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

16 Count Rows Cols df
11 38 3 2 2
11
38 CHI-SQUARE
Pearson's 0.327462 0.84897 5.991465 no 0.09283
Max likeli 0.327413 0.848991 5.991465 no 0.092823
Fisher Exact Test

Cured 2 7 9 Cured 4.714286 4.285714 9
Not Cured 9 3 12 Not Cured 6.285714 5.714286 12
Total 11 10 21 Total 11 10 21
Chi-square Test
Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Total 0.05

Cured 1.562771 1.719048 3.281818 df 1
Not Cured 1.172078 1.289286 2.461364 2 5.743182
2 = 5.743182 p-value 0.016553
2-crit 3.841459
sig yes
Fisher exact test
count prob cum cum

0 3.402E-05 3.4022E-05 3.402171E-05
1 0.0016841 0.0017181 0.001718096
2 0.0224543 0.0241724 0.024172422
3 0.1178852 0.1420576 0.142057633
4 0.2829245 0.4249821 0.424982139
5 0.3300786 0.7550607 0.755060729
6 0.1886163 0.9436771 0.943677066
7 0.0505222 0.9941993 0.994199299
8 0.0056136 0.9998129 0.999812881
9 0.0001871 1 1
one-tail 0.0241724 0.024172422 =FISHERTEST(B6:C7,1)

two-tail 0.0299731 0.029973123 =FISHERTEST(B6:C7,2)
one-tail 0.0241724
two-tail 0.0299731
Fisher Exact Test
Pro Life Pro Choice Expected Values

Democrat 32 63 95
Republican 44 19 63 Pro Life Pro Choice
Independent 49 51 100 Democrat 46.0271318 48.9728682
125 133 258 Republican 30.5232558 32.4767442
Independent 48.4496124 51.5503876
Total 125 133
Fisher Exact Test
p-value 4.5735E-05
A B C
X 25 22 32 79 Fisher Exact Test
Y 15 4 19 38
Z 35 14 23 72 p-value 0.07122732
75 40 74 189
Chi-Square Test
Total SUMMARY Alpha 0.05

95 Count Rows Cols df
63 258 3 2 2
100
258 CHI-SQUARE
Pearson's 19.84745 4.9E-05 5.991465 yes 0.277359
Max likelih 20.29427 3.92E-05 5.991465 yes 0.280464
A B C D Fisher Exact Test

X 134 200 91 86 511
Y 178 203 70 145 596 p-value
312 403 161 231 1107
Effect size
#NAME? #NAME?
A B #NAME? #NAME?
X 34 12 #NAME? #NAME?
Y 56 34 #NAME? #NAME?
Z 12 23 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Fisher Exact Test
0.0005205
F Distribution Functions
x 4.324555 0.231238 4.324555 0.231238 0.05 0.1

df1 2 2 4 4 df1 2 2
df2 4 4 2 2 df2 4 4
F.DIST, cum = FALSE 0.031623 0.720199 0.03851 0.591402 F.INV 0.051957 0.108185
F.DIST, cum = TRUE 0.9 0.196532 0.803468 0.1 F.INV.RT 6.944272 4.324555
F.DIST.RT 0.1 0.803468 0.196532 0.9 FINV 6.944272 4.324555
FDIST 0.1 0.803468 0.196532 0.9
0.9 0.95
2 2
4 4
4.324555 6.944272
0.108185 0.051957
0.108185 0.051957
Two Sample Variance Testing
Method 1 Method 2 Two-sample F-test for variances (two-tailed)

4.7 3.7
3.7 4.1 Method 1 Method 2 Formulas in column E
3.2 3.5 Mean 4.1 4.4 =AVERAGE(A4:A18)
3.1 5.5 Variance 0.78424242 0.42457143 =VAR.S(A4:A18)
3.9 4.1 Observations 12 15 =COUNT(A4:A18)
4.8 4.7 df 11 14 =E8-1
3.1 4.9 F 1.84713895 =E7/F7
5.1 3.5 alpha 0.05
4.9 3.9 p-value 0.27866116 =2*F.DIST.RT(E10,E9,F9)
5.3 3.7 F-crit 3.09458979 =F.INV.RT(E11/2,E9,F9)
2.8 4.8 sig no =IF(E12<E11,"yes","no")
4.2 5.0
5.3
4.4
4.6
Excel data analysis tool
F-Test Two-Sample for Variances
Method 1 Method 2
Mean 4.06666667 4.38
Variance 0.78424242 0.42457143
Observations 12 15
df 11 14
F 1.84713895
P(F<=f) one-tail 0.13933058
F Critical one-tail 2.56549741
FTEST 0.278661
F.TEST 0.278661
Noncentral chi-square distribution
df 5
0 2 4 6
x ncp 0 ncp 2 ncp 4 ncp 6

0 0 3.09E-16 3.25E-26 2.99E-36
Noncentral Chi-square (d
0.3 0.018807 0.007343 0.002864 0.001116 0.16
0.6 0.045785 0.018953 0.007817 0.003213 0.14
0.9 0.072397 0.031746 0.01381 0.005966 0.12
1.2 0.095937 0.044523 0.020384 0.009228
0.10
1.5 0.1154 0.056632 0.027235 0.012886
1.8 0.130567 0.067702 0.034138 0.016843 0.08
2.1 0.141615 0.077528 0.040922 0.021012 0.06
2.4 0.14892 0.086012 0.047454 0.025314 0.04
2.7 0.152946 0.093132 0.053631 0.029677 0.02
3 0.15418 0.098912 0.059378 0.034035
0.00
3.3 0.1531 0.103412 0.06464 0.038331 0 5 10 15 20 25
-0.02
3.6 0.150146 0.106713 0.069378 0.042513
3.9 0.145717 0.108908 0.07357 0.046538
4.2 0.140167 0.1101 0.077205 0.050367
4.5 0.133797 0.110392 0.080286 0.053968
4.8 0.126866 0.109889 0.082819 0.057317
5.1 0.11959 0.108691 0.084822 0.060394
5.4 0.112146 0.106896 0.086316 0.063182
5.7 0.10468 0.104592 0.087327 0.065674
6 0.097304 0.101865 0.087883 0.067862
6.3 0.09011 0.098793 0.088017 0.069745
6.6 0.083164 0.095445 0.08776 0.071325
6.9 0.076515 0.091886 0.087147 0.072606
7.2 0.070198 0.088172 0.086211 0.073595
7.5 0.064236 0.084354 0.084986 0.074302
7.8 0.058638 0.080476 0.083503 0.074739
8.1 0.05341 0.076576 0.081796 0.074917
8.4 0.048548 0.072689 0.079893 0.074851
8.7 0.044044 0.068842 0.077824 0.074556
9 0.039887 0.06506 0.075617 0.074048
9.3 0.036062 0.061362 0.073295 0.073342
9.6 0.032552 0.057765 0.070884 0.072455
9.9 0.029342 0.054281 0.068405 0.071403
10.2 0.026411 0.050921 0.065878 0.070202
10.5 0.023743 0.047692 0.063321 0.068868
10.8 0.021317 0.0446 0.060751 0.067416
11.1 0.019118 0.041648 0.058182 0.065861
11.4 0.017126 0.038837 0.055628 0.064217
11.7 0.015327 0.036168 0.053101 0.062499
12 0.013702 0.03364 0.05061 0.060719
12.3 0.012239 0.031251 0.048165 0.058889
12.6 0.010922 0.028999 0.045773 0.05702
12.9 0.009738 0.026878 0.043441 0.055124
13.2 0.008676 0.024887 0.041173 0.053211
13.5 0.007723 0.023019 0.038975 0.051289
13.8 0.00687 0.02127 0.036849 0.049367
14.1 0.006107 0.019636 0.034798 0.047452
14.4 0.005425 0.018111 0.032824 0.045553
14.7 0.004816 0.01669 0.030929 0.043673
15 0.004273 0.015367 0.029112 0.04182
15.3 0.003789 0.014137 0.027374 0.039998
15.6 0.003357 0.012996 0.025714 0.038212
15.9 0.002973 0.011937 0.024131 0.036465
16.2 0.002632 0.010957 0.022626 0.03476
16.5 0.002329 0.01005 0.021195 0.033101
16.8 0.002059 0.009211 0.019837 0.031488
17.1 0.00182 0.008437 0.01855 0.029924
17.4 0.001608 0.007723 0.017333 0.028411
17.7 0.00142 0.007065 0.016182 0.026949
18 0.001253 0.006458 0.015096 0.02554
18.3 0.001106 0.005901 0.014073 0.024182
18.6 0.000975 0.005388 0.013109 0.022877
18.9 0.00086 0.004917 0.012202 0.021624
19.2 0.000758 0.004485 0.01135 0.020424
19.5 0.000668 0.004089 0.010551 0.019274
19.8 0.000588 0.003725 0.009801 0.018175
20.1 0.000518 0.003393 0.009098 0.017126
20.4 0.000455 0.003088 0.008441 0.016125
20.7 0.000401 0.002809 0.007826 0.015172
21 0.000352 0.002555 0.007252 0.014265
21.3 0.00031 0.002322 0.006716 0.013404
21.6 0.000272 0.00211 0.006216 0.012585
21.9 0.000239 0.001916 0.005749 0.011809
22.2 0.00021 0.001739 0.005315 0.011074
22.5 0.000185 0.001578 0.004912 0.010377
22.8 0.000162 0.001431 0.004536 0.009719
23.1 0.000142 0.001297 0.004187 0.009097
23.4 0.000125 0.001176 0.003863 0.008509
23.7 0.00011 0.001065 0.003562 0.007955
24 9.61E-05 0.000965 0.003283 0.007433
24.3 8.42E-05 0.000873 0.003024 0.006941
24.6 7.39E-05 0.00079 0.002785 0.006478
24.9 6.47E-05 0.000715 0.002563 0.006043
25.2 5.67E-05 0.000646 0.002358 0.005634
25.5 4.97E-05 0.000584 0.002168 0.00525
25.8 4.35E-05 0.000528 0.001993 0.00489
26.1 3.81E-05 0.000477 0.001831 0.004552
26.4 3.34E-05 0.000431 0.001682 0.004236
26.7 2.92E-05 0.000389 0.001544 0.003939
27 2.56E-05 0.000351 0.001417 0.003662
27.3 2.24E-05 0.000317 0.0013 0.003402
27.6 1.96E-05 0.000286 0.001192 0.00316
27.9 1.71E-05 0.000257 0.001092 0.002933
28.2 1.5E-05 0.000232 0.001001 0.002722
28.5 1.31E-05 0.000209 0.000917 0.002524
28.8 1.15E-05 0.000188 0.000839 0.00234
29.1 1E-05 0.00017 0.000768 0.002169
29.4 8.75E-06 0.000153 0.000703 0.002009
29.7 7.65E-06 0.000138 0.000643 0.00186
30 6.68E-06 0.000124 0.000588 0.001722
30.3 5.84E-06 0.000111 0.000537 0.001593
Noncentral chi-square inverse function
alpha 0.05
df 5
ncp 6
x 3.208745
alpha 0.05
central Chi-square (df = 5)
0.087883
0.317396
ncp 0
ncp 2
ncp 4
ncp 6
10 15 20 25 30
hi-square inverse function
=NCHISQ_INV(R3,R4,R5)
=NCHISQ_DIST(R6,R4,R5,TRUE)
=NCHISQ_DIST(6,5,4,FALSE)
=NCHISQ_DIST(6,5,4,TRUE)
Power for Goodness of Fit Sample Size for Independence Test
0.05 0.05
n 8 rows 3
df 7 =B4-1 columns 3
2-crit 14.06714 =CHISQ.INV.RT(B3,B5) df 4
w 0.3
2 3.637224
w 0.67428 =SQRT(B8/B4) n 132.603108
3.637224 =B9^2*B4 1- 0.80
0.769874 =NCHISQ_DIST(B6,B5,B10,TRUE)
1- 0.230126 =1-B11 suppl 133
suppl 0.230126 =CHISQ_POWER(B9,B4,B5)

ndependence Test Confidence interval of effect size and power
2 30 30
df 4 4
n 500 500
=(G4-1)*(G5-1) alpha 0.05
30 =L3
lower 9.975886271 =NCHISQ_NCP(1-L6/2,L4,L3)
upper 51.8101394 =NCHISQ_NCP(L6/2,L4,L3)
=CHISQ_POWER(G7,G9,G6) w 0.244948974 =SQRT(L7/L5)
w lower 0.141250744 =SQRT(L8/L5)
=CHISQ_SIZE(G7,G6) w upper 0.321901039 =SQRT(L9/L5)
0.05
1- 0.997123359 =CHISQ_POWER(L10,L5,L4,L13)
1- lower 0.714794586 =CHISQ_POWER(L11,L5,L4,L13)
1- upper 0.999995287 =CHISQ_POWER(L12,L5,L4,L13)
Power of one-sample variance test
Hypothesis test Power 1-tailed Power
n 50 2 1.44 2
df 49 s2 2.25 s2
std dev (pop) 1.2 ratio 1.5625 =E6/E5 ratio
var (pop) 1.44 n 50 n
std dev (sample) 1.5 df 49 =E8-1 df
var (sample) 2.25 0.05
0.05 2 crit 66.338649 =CHISQ.INV.RT(E10,E9) 2 -crit
x 76.5625 0.2660734 =CHISQ.DIST(E11/E7,E9,TRUE) 2 +crit
2 (obs) 0.007123 1- 0.7339266 =1-E12
sig yes 1-
2 (crit) 66.33865 Power 1-tailed
2-tail test 2 2.25 Real Statistics functions

s
2
1.44
2 crit left 31.55492 ratio 0.64 =E18/E17 1 tailed
2 crit right 70.22241 n 50 2 tailed
df 49 =E20-1
0.05 1 tailed
2 crit 33.930306 =CHISQ.INV(E10,E9) 2 tailed
0.6779835 =CHISQ.DIST.RT(E23/E19,E21)
1- 0.3220165 =1-E24 1 tailed
2-tailed Power 2-tailed
1.44 2 2.25
2.25 s2 1.44
1.5625 =J6/J5 ratio 0.64
50 n 50
49 =J8-1 df 49
0.05 0.05
31.55492 =CHISQ.INV(J10/2,J9) 2 -crit 31.55492
70.22241 =CHISQ.INV.RT(J10/2,J9) 2 +crit 70.22241
0.361621 =CHISQ.DIST(J12/J7,J9,TRUE)-CHISQ.DIST(J11/J7,J9,TRUE) 0.460935
0.638379 =1-J13 1- 0.539065
Real Statistics functions
0.733927 =VAR1_POWER(E7,E8,1,E10)
0.638379 =VAR1_POWER(J7,J8,2,J10)
61 =VAR1_SIZE(E7,0.8,1)
76 =VAR1_SIZE(J7)
0.677983 =VAR1_POWER(E19,E20,1,E22)
=O6/O5
=O8-1
=CHISQ.INV(J10/2,J9)
=CHISQ.INV.RT(J10/2,J9)
=CHISQ.DIST(J12/J7,J9,TRUE)-CHISQ.DIST(J11/J7,J9,TRUE)
=1-O13
Power of two-sample variance test
Power one-tailed Power two-tailed
var 1 1.75 stdev 1 1.5

var 2 2.25 stdev 2 1.2
ratio 1.285714 =B6/B5 ratio 1.5625
n1 50 n1 50
n2 60 n2 60
df1 49 =B8-1 df1 49
df2 59 =B9-1 df2 59
0.05 0.05
F crit 1.565395 =F.INV.RT(B12,B10,B11) F -crit 0.5778867
0.766324 =F.DIST(B13/B7,B10,B11,TRUE) F +crit 1.7068671
1- 0.233676 =1-B14 0.629308
1- 0.370692
Power one-tailed
var 1 2.25
var 2 1.75 1 tailed 0.2336757
ratio 0.777778 =B21/B20 2 tailed 0.370692
n1 50
n2 60 1 tailed 394
df1 49 =B23-1 2 tailed 123
df2 59 =B24-1
0.05
F crit 0.631814 =F.INV(B27,B25,B26) 1 tailed 0.2280353
0.771965 =F.DIST.RT(B28/B22,B25,B26)
1- 0.228035 =1-B29
=G5^2/G6^2
=G8-1
=G9-1
=F.INV(G12/2,G10,G11)
=F.INV.RT(G12/2,G10,G11)
=F.DIST.RT(G13/G7,G10,G11)-F.DIST.RT(G14/G7,G10,G11)
=1-G15
=VAR2_POWER(B7,B8,B9,1,B12)
=VAR2_POWER(G7,G8,G9)
=VAR2_SIZE(B7,0.8,1)
=VAR2_SIZE(0.6)
#NAME?
=VAR2_POWER(B22,B23,B24,1,B27)
Power of two-sample variance test
Power one-tailed Power two-tailed
var 1 1.75 stdev 1 1.5

var 2 2.25 stdev 2 1.2
ratio 1.285714 =B6/B5 ratio 1.5625
n1 50 n1 50
n2 60 n2 60
df1 49 =B8-1 df1 49
df2 59 =B9-1 df2 59
0.05 0.05
F crit 1.565395 =FINV(B12,B10,B11) F -crit 0.577887
0.766324 =1-FDIST(B13/B7,B10,B11) F +crit 1.706867
1- 0.233676 =1-B14 0.629308
1- 0.370692
1 tailed 0.233676
2 tailed 0.370692
1 tailed 394
2 tailed 160
=J5^2/J6^2
=J8-1
=J9-1
=FINV(1-J12/2,J10,J11)
=FINV(J12/2,J10,J11)
=FDIST(J7*J13,J10,J11)-FDIST(J7*J14,J10,J11)
=1-J15
=VAR2_POWER(E7,E8,E9,1,E12)
=VAR2_POWER(J7,J8,J9)
=VAR2_SIZE(E7,0.8,1)
=VAR2_SIZE(J7)
Noncentral F Distribution
df1 5 df2 10
0 1 5 10 20
x ncp 0 ncp 1 ncp 5 ncp 10 ncp 20

0 0 2.66E-23 3.12E-32 1.14E-59 1.4E-105
Noncentral F pdf (df
0.1 0.2274001 0.148067 0.026382 0.003003 3.72E-05 0.8
0.2 0.4537434 0.314877 0.070901 0.010452 0.000203 0.7
0.3 0.5972532 0.439006 0.121097 0.022134 0.000618 0.6
0.4 0.6682532 0.517525 0.170643 0.037492 0.001425
0.5
0.5 0.687607 0.558486 0.215793 0.055673 0.002767
0.6 0.673538 0.571447 0.254532 0.075706 0.004771 0.4
0.7 0.6395201 0.564785 0.286027 0.096628 0.007535 0.3
0.8 0.5948194 0.545106 0.31022 0.117573 0.011116
0.2
0.9 0.5455243 0.517346 0.327533 0.137819 0.01553
1 0.4954798 0.485064 0.338653 0.156802 0.020754 0.1
1.1 0.4470043 0.45075 0.344387 0.174112 0.026728 0
1.2 0.4014047 0.416101 0.345565 0.189483 0.033364 0 6 2 8 4 3 6 2 8 4 6 6 2
0. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 4. 5. 6. 7.
1.3 0.359332 0.382235 0.342989 0.202766 0.040554
1.4 0.3210225 0.349855 0.337391 0.213913 0.048174
1.5 0.2864587 0.31937 0.329425 0.222948 0.056098
1.6 0.2554739 0.29099 0.319657 0.229956 0.064197
1.7 0.2278221 0.264786 0.308569 0.235057 0.072348
1.8 0.2032203 0.240741 0.296566 0.238399 0.080437
1.9 0.1813766 0.218775 0.283978 0.240145 0.088359
2 0.1620058 0.19878 0.271079 0.240464 0.096024
2.1 0.1448389 0.180622 0.258085 0.239522 0.103355
2.2 0.1296283 0.164164 0.245166 0.237484 0.110288
2.3 0.1161485 0.149266 0.232458 0.234503 0.116772
2.4 0.1041975 0.13579 0.220059 0.230723 0.122769
2.5 0.0935948 0.123608 0.208046 0.226277 0.128253
2.6 0.0841806 0.112598 0.19647 0.221285 0.133208
2.7 0.0758136 0.102646 0.185369 0.215854 0.137626
2.8 0.0683696 0.09365 0.174764 0.210082 0.141508
2.9 0.0617393 0.085515 0.164666 0.204053 0.14486
3 0.0558267 0.078155 0.155076 0.197841 0.147697
3.1 0.0505477 0.071492 0.14599 0.191511 0.150034
3.2 0.0458285 0.065458 0.137398 0.185119 0.151892
3.3 0.0416042 0.059988 0.129287 0.178712 0.153295
3.4 0.0378182 0.055027 0.121639 0.172332 0.154269
3.5 0.0344205 0.050523 0.114438 0.166011 0.154839
3.6 0.0313674 0.046431 0.107663 0.159778 0.155033
3.7 0.0286205 0.04271 0.101295 0.153657 0.154878
3.8 0.0261457 0.039323 0.095312 0.147665 0.154401
3.9 0.0239134 0.036239 0.089694 0.141819 0.15363
4 0.0218973 0.033426 0.084421 0.136128 0.152591
4.1 0.0200742 0.03086 0.079474 0.130603 0.151309
4.2 0.0184235 0.028516 0.074834 0.125249 0.149808
4.3 0.0169272 0.026373 0.070481 0.120071 0.148112
4.4 0.0155692 0.024413 0.0664 0.11507 0.146242
4.5 0.0143352 0.022617 0.062572 0.110248 0.14422
4.6 0.0132128 0.020971 0.058983 0.105603 0.142064
4.7 0.0121905 0.019461 0.055617 0.101135 0.139792
4.8 0.0112585 0.018075 0.05246 0.096841 0.137422
4.9 0.0104079 0.016801 0.049498 0.092718 0.134969
5 0.0096306 0.015629 0.04672 0.088762 0.132447
5.1 0.0089198 0.01455 0.044113 0.084968 0.12987
5.2 0.0082689 0.013556 0.041666 0.081334 0.12725
5.3 0.0076723 0.012639 0.039369 0.077853 0.124598
5.4 0.0071251 0.011793 0.037212 0.07452 0.121923
5.5 0.0066225 0.011012 0.035186 0.071332 0.119236
5.6 0.0061605 0.010289 0.033282 0.068282 0.116544
5.7 0.0057355 0.009621 0.031493 0.065365 0.113855
5.8 0.005344 0.009003 0.029812 0.062577 0.111175
5.9 0.0049832 0.00843 0.028231 0.059913 0.108511
6 0.0046504 0.007898 0.026743 0.057367 0.105867
6.1 0.004343 0.007405 0.025343 0.054935 0.103249
6.2 0.004059 0.006948 0.024026 0.052611 0.10066
6.3 0.0037963 0.006522 0.022785 0.050391 0.098105
6.4 0.0035531 0.006127 0.021617 0.048271 0.095585
6.5 0.0033278 0.005759 0.020515 0.046247 0.093105
6.6 0.003119 0.005416 0.019477 0.044313 0.090666
6.7 0.0029252 0.005097 0.018499 0.042466 0.08827
6.8 0.0027452 0.004799 0.017576 0.040703 0.085918
6.9 0.002578 0.004521 0.016705 0.039019 0.083613
7 0.0024225 0.004262 0.015882 0.03741 0.081354
7.1 0.0022778 0.00402 0.015106 0.035874 0.079144
7.2 0.002143 0.003793 0.014372 0.034406 0.076982
7.3 0.0020174 0.003582 0.013679 0.033004 0.074868
7.4 0.0019003 0.003383 0.013024 0.031665 0.072804
7.5 0.001791 0.003198 0.012405 0.030386 0.070788
7.6 0.001689 0.003024 0.011819 0.029163 0.068821
7.7 0.0015936 0.002861 0.011264 0.027995 0.066903
7.8 0.0015045 0.002708 0.010739 0.026878 0.065033
7.9 0.0014211 0.002565 0.010242 0.025811 0.063211
8 0.001343 0.00243 0.009771 0.024791 0.061436
8.1 0.0012699 0.002303 0.009325 0.023815 0.059708
8.2 0.0012013 0.002185 0.008902 0.022882 0.058026
8.3 0.001137 0.002073 0.0085 0.02199 0.05639
8.4 0.0010767 0.001967 0.00812 0.021137 0.054797
8.5 0.0010201 0.001868 0.007759 0.02032 0.053249
8.6 0.0009669 0.001775 0.007416 0.019539 0.051743
8.7 0.0009169 0.001687 0.007091 0.018791 0.05028
8.8 0.0008699 0.001604 0.006782 0.018076 0.048858
8.9 0.0008257 0.001525 0.006488 0.017391 0.047476
9 0.0007841 0.001452 0.006209 0.016735 0.046133
9.1 0.0007449 0.001382 0.005943 0.016107 0.044829
9.2 0.0007079 0.001316 0.005691 0.015505 0.043562
9.3 0.0006731 0.001254 0.005451 0.014929 0.042332
9.4 0.0006403 0.001195 0.005222 0.014377 0.041138
9.5 0.0006092 0.001139 0.005005 0.013848 0.039978
9.6 0.00058 0.001086 0.004798 0.013341 0.038852
9.7 0.0005523 0.001037 0.0046 0.012854 0.03776
9.8 0.0005262 0.000989 0.004412 0.012388 0.036699
9.9 0.0005015 0.000945 0.004233 0.011941 0.03567
10 0.0004782 0.000902 0.004062 0.011512 0.034671
10.1 0.0004561 0.000862 0.003899 0.011101 0.033702
Noncentral F distribution and inverse functions
alpha 0.05
df1 5
df2 10
ncp 5
x 0.50273
Noncentral F pdf (df = 5, 10) alpha 0.05
ncp 0
ncp 1
ncp 5
ncp 10
ncp 20
3 6 2 8 4 6 6 2 8 4 9 6
3. 4. 4. 5. 6. 7. 7. 8. 9.
distribution and inverse functions
=NF_INV(S3,S4,S5,S6)
=NF_DIST(S7,S4,S5,S6,TRUE)

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Real Statistics Using Excel - Examples Workbook Part 1A

Charles Zaiontz, 1 June 2017

Copyright 2013 - 2017 Charles Zaiontz

Concise Table of Contents

Copyright 2013 - 2017 Charles Zaiontz

Array formulas and functions

Sorting and Filtering

Real Statistics Environment

Sorting and removing duplicates by rows

Extracting columns from a data range

Basic probability concepts

Discrete probability distributions

Continuous probability distributions

Measures of central tendency

Descriptive statistics tools

Outliers and Robustness

Dealing with missing data

Single sample hypothesis testing with known variance

Standardized effect size

Cohen's d effect size (Example 1)

One sample hypothesis testing using the Central Limit Theorem

Comparing two means when variances are known

Binomial and Related Distributions

Relationship with normal distribution

Negative binomial and geometric distributions

Power of binomial distribution

Other Key Distributions

Distribution Fitting via Method of Moments

Distribution Fitting via Max Likelihood

Distribution Fitting via Regression

Two sample hypothesis testing of the means with paired samples

Noncentral t distribution and power

Testing of Coefficient of Variation

Testing for Outliers

Single sample hypothesis testing of variance

Fisher exact test

Effect size for chi-square

Noncentral chi-square distribution and Power

Basic concepts of the F distribution

Two sample hypothesis testing to compare variances

Noncentral F distribution and Power

Brand A Brand B Brand C

Sales (millions of euros)

rid Vienna Berlin

Age Income Rent

Age Income Rent Income

Year Revenue Year Revenue #NAME? #NAME? Year Revenue

Unit Price Quantity Revenue

Person Gender Age Income Person Gender Age Income

Person Gender Age Income Person Gender Age Income

Person Gender Age Income Income

x^2 10.99999 x^2 11.00002

Input range Reshape Reverse Sort

3 5 8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Sort no dupes Input Range Sort Unique Extract Unique

#NAME? Russia Italy #NAME? #NAME?

Input range Sort

Male France Rich 45 =SortRowsUnique(A3:C14) =SortRowsCount(A3:C14)

=SortRowsSum(A3:D14,"") Male France Rich 45 #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###

Male France Rich 45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

5.1 Excel 2013/2016 =VER()

Year Area A Area B Area C Step Chart

x f(x) F(x) Frequency Function f(x)