Professional Documents
Culture Documents
QUESTION: Bruners theory on intellectual development moves from enactive to iconic and symbolic stages.
a. Be interactive in approach
b. Begin with the abstract
c. Begin with the concrete
d. Do direct instruction
QUESTION: Mrs. Manalo who is a high school teacher in science would like to measure the specific learning
outcome recalls chemical formulas. What is the most appropriate objective test item to use for measuring it?
a. Test-retest
b. True-false
c. Matching Type
d. Multiple choice
ANSWER: Teacher Michelle who administered a readiness test to the incoming grade one pupils.
EXPLANATION: Diagnostic assessments are sets of written questions (multiple choice or short answer) that
assess a learners current knowledge base or current views on a topic/issue to be studied in the course. The
goal is to get a snapshot of where students currently stand - intellectually, emotionally or ideologically -
allowing the instructor to make sound instructional choices as to how to teach the new course content and
what teaching approach to use.
QUESTION: What do you call the quantitative increase in terms of height and weight as observed by the
school physician during the physical examination of the students?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
ANSWER: GROWTH
QUESTION: Mrs. Gomez conducts research on the psychosocial domain of development. In what particular
area of the child's development is Mrs. Gomez most likely to be interested with?
a. Perceptual abilities
b. Brain-wave patterns
c. Emotions
d. Use of language
ANSWER: EMOTIONS
EXPLANATION: Human development is a lifelong process beginning before birth and extending to death.
Pyschosocial development features development in the person's emotions, personality, social interactions and
expectations.
Physical development is defined as the biological changes that occur in the body and brain, including
changes in size and strength, integration of sensory and motor activities, and development of fine and
gross motor skills.
Cognitive development is defined as the changes in the way we think, understand, and reason about the
world.
Stages of Cognitive Development according to Jean Piaget:
1. The Sensorimotor Stage: A period of time between birth and age two during which an infant's
knowledge of the world is limited to his or her sensory perceptions and motor activities. Behaviors are
limited to simple motor responses caused by sensory stimuli.
2. The Preoperational Stage: A period between ages two and six during which a child learns to use
language. During this stage, children do not yet understand concrete logic, cannot mentally manipulate
information and are unable to take the point of view of other people.
3. The Concrete Operational Stage: A period between ages seven and eleven during which children gain a
better understanding of mental operations. Children begin thinking logically about concrete events, but
have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts.
4. The Formal Operational Stage: A period between age twelve to adulthood when people develop the
ability to think about abstract concepts. Skills such as logical thought, deductive reasoning and
systematic planning also emerge during this stage.
QUESTION: Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Sigmund Freud?
a. Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
b. Anal stage, oral stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
c. Oral stage, anal stage, genital stage, latency stage, phallic stage
d. Anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, latency stage, phallic stage
ANSWER: Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
EXPLANATION: Oral stage (O to 1 year) - the libido is centered in a baby's mouth. It gets much satisfaction
from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy the libido, and thus its id demands.
Anal stage (1 to 3 years) - The libido now becomes focused on the anus and the child derives great pleasure
from defecating. The child is now fully aware that they are a person in their own right and that their wishes
can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world
Phallic stage (3 to 6 years) - Sensitivity now becomes concentrated in the genitals and masturbation (in both
sexes) becomes a new source of pleasure. The child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, which sets
in motion the conflict between erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear which Freud called the
Oedipus complex (in boys) and the Electra complex (in girls).
Latency stage (6 to puberty) - The libido is dormant. Freud thought that most sexual impulses are repressed
during the latent stage and sexual energy can be sublimated towards school work, hobbies and friendships.
Genital stage (puberty to adult) - It is a time of adolescent sexual experimentation, the successful resolution of
which is settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with another person in our 20's. Sexual instinct is
directed to heterosexual pleasure, rather than self pleasure like during the phallic stage.
QUESTION: What is the best description of Erickson's psychosocial theory of human development?
a. Eight crises all people are thought to lace
b. Four psychosocial stages in latency period
c. The same number of stages as Freud's, but with different names
d. A stage theory that is not psychoanalytic
QUESTION: In Erickson's theory, what is the unresolved crisis of an adult who has difficulty establishing a
secure, mutual relationship with a life partner?
a. Initiative vs. Guilt
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c. Intimacy vs. Isolation
d. Trust vs. Mistrust
QUESTION: Alyssa is eight years old, and although she understands some logical principles, she still has
troubles in understanding hypothetical concepts. According to Piaget, Alyssa belongs to what particular stage
of cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete operational
d. Formal operational
QUESTION: Which of the following provides the best broad description of the relationship between heredity
and environment in determining height?
a. Heredity is the primary influence, with environment affecting development only in severe situations.
b. Heredity and environment contribute equally to development
c. Environment is the major influence on physical characteristics.
d. Heredity directs the individual's potential and environment determines whether and to what degree the
individual reaches the potential.
ANSWER: Heredity is the primary influence, with environment affecting development only in severe situations.
EXPLANATION: Physical development and growth are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
For example, malnutrition can delay a childs physical development significantly. On the other hand, the role of
some environmental factors, such as the amount of exercise the child is getting, has a much smaller effect on
physical development than was previously thought.
QUESTION: What is the correct sequence of prenatal stages of development?
a. Embryo, germinal, fetus
b. Germinal, fetus, embryo
c. Germinal, embryo, fetus
d. Embryo, fetus, germinal
QUESTION: When a baby realized that a rubber duck which has fallen out of the tub must be somewhere on
the floor, he is likely to achieved what aspect of cognitive development?
a. Object permanence
b. Deferred imitation
c. Mental combinations
d. Goal-directed behavior
QUESTION: Which of the following will be Freud's description of the child's behavior if he he has biting,
sarcastic manner?
a. Anally expulsive
b. Anally retentive
c. Fixated in the oral stage
d. Experiencing the crisis of trust versus mistrust
QUESTION: Which of the following can best describe the preschooler's readiness to learn new task and play
activities?
a. Emerging competency and self-awareness
b. Theory of the Mind
c. Relationship with parents
d. Growing identification with others
QUESTION: James noted that when the preschoolers eagerly begin many new activities but are vulnerable to
criticism and feelings of failure, they are experiencing what particular crisis?
a. Identity vs. Role Confusion
b. Initiative vs. Guilt
c. Basic trust vs. mistrust
d. Efficacy vs. Helplessness
It is as children enter the preschool years that they begin the third stage of psychosocial development
centered on initiative versus guilt. If they have successfully completed the earlier two stages, kids now have a
sense that the world is trustworthy and that they are able to act independently. Now it is important for kids to
learn that they can exert power over themselves and the world.
QUESTION: What stage of Piaget's Cognitive Development does a person belong to when he can understand
specific logical ideas and apply them to concrete problems?
a. Preoperational thought
b. Operational thought
c. Concrete operational thought
d. Formal operational thought
QUESTION: What is the best explanation of Piaget's concrete operational thought to describe the school-age
child's mental ability?
a. A child can reason logically about things and events he or she perceives.
b. A child's ability to think about how he thinks
c. Can understand that certain characteristics of an object remain the same when other characteristics are
changed
d. Can understand that moral principles may supersede the standards of society.
ANSWER: Can understand that certain characteristics of an object remain the same when other characteristics
are changed
EXPLANATION: At concrete operational stage, children gain the abilities of conservation (number, area,
volume, orientation) and reversibility. Conservation is the understanding that something stays the same in
quantity even though its appearance changes. To be more technical conservation is the ability to understand
that redistributing material does not affect its mass, number, volume or length.
QUESTION: Elisa who is in between 9 and 11 years of age are most likely to demonstrate moral reasoning at
which Kohlberg's stage?
a. Pre-conventional
b. Conventional
c. Post-conventional
d. None of the above
ANSWER: Conventional
EXPLANATION: At the pre-conventional level (most nine-year-olds and younger, some over nine), we dont
have a personal code of morality. Instead, our moral code is shaped by the standards of adults and the
consequences of following or breaking their rules.
At the conventional level (most adolescents and adults), we begin to internalize the moral standards of valued
adult role models. Authority is internalized but not questioned and reasoning is based on the norms of the
group to which the person belongs.
On post-conventional morality, individual judgment is based on self-chosen principles, and moral reasoning is
based on individual rights and justice.
QUESTION: According to Kohlberg, a dutiful citizen who obeys the laws set down by society is at which level
of moral reasoning?
a. Pre-conventional Stage One
b. Pre-conventional Stage Two
c. Conventional
d. Post-conventional
ANSWER: Rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood
EXPLANATION: Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult
body capable of sexual reproduction.
QUESTION: Fifteen-year old Marie is preoccupied with her "disgusting appearance" and seems depressed most
of the time. What is the best thing her parents can do to help her get through this difficult time?
a. Ignore her self-preoccupation because their attention would only reinforce it.
b. Encourage to "shape up" and not give in the self-pity
c. Kid her about her appearance in the hope that she will see how silly she is acting.
d. Offer practical advice, such as clothing suggestions, to improve her body image.
ANSWER: Offer practical advice, such as clothing suggestions, to improve her body image.
QUESTION: What can be the best comparison of the behavior of a 17 year old girl to that of her 13 year old
brother?
a. She is more likely critical about herself
b. She tends to be more egocentric.
c. She had less confidence in her abilities.
d. She is more capable of reasoning hypothetically.
QUESTION: The failure of independent study with most Filipino students may be attributed to students
a. unpreparedness for schooling
b. being responsible learners
c. high degree of independence
d. high degree of dependence on authority
QUESTION: Republic Act No. 7836 otherwise known as LET is required for those who are engaged in teaching
in
a. all elementary and secondary schools
b. all public elementary schools
c. all private elementary schools
d. all public and private tertiary schools
QUESTION: Teacher Celia always checks on entry knowledge and skills before she proceeds to her new lesson.
On which principle is Teacher Celias practice grounded?
a. Effective teaching proceeds from the concrete to the abstract.
b. Learning increases when the lesson is relevant.
c. Attention is essential for learning.
d. New learning builds on previous learning.
QUESTION: Specialization is knowing more and more about less and less. Hence, it is better to be a
generalist, claims Teacher Nelcy. Which philosophy does Teacher Nelcy subscribe to?
a. Existentialism
b. Perennialism
c. Essentialism
d. Progressivism
ANSWER: Essentialism
EXPLANATION: William Bagleys essentialism philosophy states that the core of the curriculum is essential
knowledge and skills and academic rigor. Essentialists accept the idea that this core curriculum may change.
chooling should be practical, preparing students to become valuable members of society. It should focus on
facts-the objective reality out there--and "the basics," training students to read, write, speak, and compute
clearly and logically. Schools should not try to set or influence policies. Students should be taught hard work,
respect for authority, and discipline.
QUESTION: Which category of curriculum design is organized around the analysis of performance task and
process sequencing rather than content?
a. Academic curriculum design
b. Social curriculum design
c. Personal curriculum design
d. Technical curriculum design
EXPLANATION: Zero standard deviation means that all observations are identical.
ANSWER: The scores are concentrated more at one end or the other end
EXPLANATION: A distribution is skewed if one of its tails is longer than the other. A distribution is positively
skewed if the scores fall toward the lower side of the scale and there are very few higher scores. Positively
skewed data is also referred to as skewed to the right because that is the direction of the 'long tail end' of the
chart. A distribution is negatively skewed if the scores fall toward the higher side of the scale and there are
very few low scores.
QUESTION: Which graphic organizers are used to show event in chronological order?
a. Time line and Spider map
b. Time line and series of events
c. Cycle & Venn Diagram
d. Time line and Fishbone diagram
Chain/ series of events is use to organize steps in a process, to trace plot development, or to record the stages
of an event.
A Descriptive or Thematic Map works well for mapping generic information, but particularly well for
mapping hierarchical relationships.
Organizing a hierarchical set of information, reflecting superordinate or subordinate elements, is made
easier by constructing a Network Tree.
When the information relating to a main idea or theme does not fit into a hierarchy, a Spider Map can
help with organization.
When information contains cause and effect problems and solutions, a Problem and Solution Map can
be useful for organizing.
A Problem-Solution Outline helps students to compare different solutions to a problem.
A Sequential Episodic Map is useful for mapping cause and effect.
When cause-effect relationships are complex and non-redundant a Fishbone Map may be particularly
useful.
A Comparative and Contrastive Map can help students to compare and contrast two concepts according
to their features.
Continuum Scale is effective for organizing information along a dimension such as less to more, low to
high, and few to many.
A Cycle Map is useful for organizing information that is circular or cyclical, with no absolute beginning
or ending.
QUESTION: What primary criterion should guide a teacher in the choice of instructional devices?
a. Novelty
b. Cost
c. Appropriateness
d. Attractiveness
ANSWER: Appropriateness
QUESTION: The Philippine Teacher Professionalization Act of 1994 adapted and promulgated the
a. Code of Professional Teachers
b. Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
c. Code of Ethics for Public School Teachers
d. Code of Ethics for Private School Teachers
QUESTION: Which does not belong to the group of alternative learning systems?
a. Graded education
b. Multi-age grouping
c. Multigrade grouping
d. Non-graded grouping
QUESTION: As a teacher, you are a reconstructionist. Which among these will be your guiding principle?
A. I must teach the child every knowledge, skill, and value that he needs for a better future.
B. I must teach the child to develop his mental powers to the full.
C. I must teach the child so he is assured of heaven.
D. I must teach the child that we can never have real knowledge of anything.
ANSWER: I must teach the child every knowledge, skill, and value that he needs for a better future.
EXPLANATION: Reconstructionism is a philosophical theory holding that societies should continually reform
themselves in order to establish more perfect governments or social networks.
QUESTION: Which is a description of an electronic curriculum?
a. Those lessons learned through searching the Internet for information
b. Those things that students actually take out of classroom; those concepts and content that are truly
learned and remembered
c. Those processes, content, knowledge combined with the experiences and realities of the learner to
create new knowledge
d. None of these
ANSWER: Those lessons learned through searching the Internet for information
EXPLANATION: Electronic curriculum, or E-curriculum, refers to computer-based learning including educational
materials available on CD or DVD, online courses, electronic mechanisms to search the literature, email, and
various applications of instructional technology including providing laptops to students, multimedia projection
systems, and Internet-compatible classrooms.
ANSWER: The higher the standard deviation the more spread the scores are.
EXPLANATION: Standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion of a set of data from its mean. It is
calculated as the square root of variance by determining the variation between each data point relative to the
mean. If the data points are further from the mean, there is higher deviation within the data set.
ANSWER: Modeling
EXPLANATION: Banduras Social Learning Theory posits that people learn from one another, via observation,
imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning
theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.
QUESTION: Mrs. Santarin allows her 3 year old daughter to dress herself, fix her own room and sweep the
floor. What would Mrs. Santarins daughter develop?
a. Autonomy
b. Identity
c. Initiative
d. Mastery
ANSWER: Autonomy
EXPLANATION: In Erik Eriksons Psychosocial Stage, the child is developing physically and becoming more
mobile. Between the ages of 18 months and three, children begin to assert their independence, by walking
away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices about what they like to wear, to
eat, etc.
QUESTION: According to Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development, a child during the sensorimotor period
does not see things in abstract forms. Therefore, in teaching mathematics to young children, the
a. use of pictures may not be necessary.
b. use of concrete objects is not needed.
c. concrete state should precede the abstract style.
d. abstract stage must come before the concrete stage.
QUESTION: The Department of Education gives greater emphasis on the development of basic skills. What is
the philosophical basis for this?
a. Essentialism
b. Existentialism
c. Perennialism
d. Pragmatism
ANSWER: Essentialism
EXPLANATION: Essentialism is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe that children should learn
the traditional basic subjects thoroughly.
QUESTION: Teachers are encouraged to make use of authentic assessment. Which goes with authentic
assessments?
a. De-contextualized drills
b. Unrealistic performances
c. Answering multiple choices test items
d. Real world application of lessons learned.
QUESTION: Angela focuses her attention on the school work and vigorous play that consume most of her
physical energy. Which stage of psychosexual theory illustrates her behavior?
a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic
d. Latency
ANSWER: Latency
EXPLANATION: Latency stage (6 years old to puberty) is directed into other areas such as intellectual pursuits
and social interactions.
QUESTION: Which of the following is likely to be developed if infants are shown genuine affection?
a. Trust
b. Autonomy
c. Initiative
d. Industry
ANSWER: Trust
EXPLANATION: During Trust versus Mistrust stage, the infant is uncertain about the world in which they live.
To resolve these feelings of uncertainty, the infant looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and
consistency of care. If the care the infant receives is consistent, predictable and reliable, they will develop a
sense of trust which will carry with them to other relationships, and they will be able to feel secure even when
threatened.
QUESTION: Christian develops an integral and coherent sense of self. He seeks answers to the question. "Who
am I"? Which of the following is Christian likely to develop?
a. Initiative
b. Identity and Role Confusion
c. Intimacy
d. Autonomy
QUESTION: Ms. Reyes uses images and language to represent and understand her various lessons to
preschool learners. What stage in the cognitive theory of development explains this?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete operation
d. Formal operation
ANSWER: Preoperational
EXPLANATION: According to Jean Piaget, during the pre-operational stage (age two and lasts up until the age
of seven), the children's play is mainly categorized by symbolic play and manipulating symbols.
QUESTION: To reach out to clientle who cannot be in the classroom for one reason or another, which of the
following was established?
K-12 program
Special education(SPED)
Pre-school education
Alternative learning delivery
QUESTION: Teacher Cora observes cleanliness and order in her classroom to create a conducive atmosphere
for learning. On which theory is her practice based?
a. Psychoanalysis
b. Gestalt psychology
c. Behaviorism
d. Humanistic psychology
ANSWER: Behaviorism
EXPLANATION: Behaviorism is a learning theory that only focuses on objectively observable behaviors and
discounts any independent activities of the mind. Behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the
acquisition of new behavior based on environmental conditions. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of
personality argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the
mind: the id, ego, and superego.
Gestalt psychology is an attempt to understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful
perceptions in an apparently chaotic world. The central principle of gestalt psychology is that the mind forms a
global whole with self-organizing tendencies.
QUESTION: Connie develops concepts necessary for everyday living, builds healthy attitudes towards oneself,
and achieve personal independence. These are among the attributes of an individual in what particular stage?
a. Infancy and early childhood
b. Middle childhood
c. Adolescence
d. Early adulthood
QUESTION: Some children are more active than others, as everyone knows-extremely highlevels of activity or
hyperactivity are considered problematic. How may a teacher help a child who is hyperactive?
a. Make him the leader of the class
b. Transfer him to another class
c. Give him challenging activities that are appropriate to his ability level and interests.
d. Allow him to spend longer at the playground until he gets tired.
ANSWER: Give him challenging activities that are appropriate to his ability level and interests.
EXPLANATION:
QUESTION: In Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, which of the following statements would illustrate
Edward who is 11 years old?
a. Able to see relationships and to reason in the abstract.
b. Unable to breakdown a whole into separate parts.
c. Differentiates goals and goal-directed activities.
d. Experiments with methods to reach goals.
QUESTION: Trisha goes with her mother in school. She enjoys the workplace of her mother. Which of the
following ecological theories is illustrated by the situation?
a. Microsystem
b. Mesosystem
c. Exosystem
d. Macrosystem
ANSWER: Exosystem
EXPLANATION: Urie Bronfenbrenners Ecological systems theory believed that a person's development was
affected by everything in their surrounding environment.
A microsystem typically includes family, peers, or caregivers. Your reactions to the people in your microsystem
will affect how they treat you in return.
The mesosystem is where a person's individual microsystems do not function independently, but are
interconnected and assert influence upon one another. These interactions have an indirect impact on the
individual.
The exosystem refers to a setting that does not involve the person as an active participant, but still affects
them. This includes decisions that have bearing on the person, but in which they have no participation in the
decision-making process.
The macrosystem encompasses the cultural environment in which the person lives and all other systems that
affect them.
QUESTION: Anna believes that authority is respected. She is now in what particular level in moral
development theory of Lawrence Kholberg?
a. Social contract
b. Law and order orientation
c. Interpersonal concordance
d. Universal ethics orientation
QUESTION: Teacher A, a Values Education teacher emphasizes ethics in almost all her lessons. Which of the
following emphasizes the same?
a. Liberal Education
b. Moral Education
c. Religious Training
d. Social Education
QUESTION: Which reform in the Philippine Educational System advocates the use of English and Filipino as
media of instruction in specific learning areas?
a. Alternative Learning
b. Bilingual Education
c. K-12 Program
d. Multilingual Education
QUESTION: Activities planned by school clubs/ organizations show school-community connection geared
towards society's needs. What philosophy is related to this?
a. Existentialism
b. Progressivism
c. Realism
d. Social reconstructionism
QUESTION: Tessa gets jealous whenever she sees her father showing love and affection to her mother. Which
of the following is she showing according to Freud?
a. Complex
b. Phallic
c. Electra Complex
d. Oedipus Complex
QUESTION: What philosophy is related to the practice of schools acting as laboratory for teaching reforms and
experimentation?
a. Essentialism
b. Existentialism
c. Progressivism
d. Social Reconstructionism
ANSWER: Progressivism
EXPLANATION: According to John Dewey, progressivists believe that individuality, progress, and change are
fundamental to one's education. Believing that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to
their lives, progressivists center their curricula on the needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of students.
QUESTION: A teacher who believes in the progressivist theory of education would embrace certain reforms on
methodology. Which reform would be consistent with this theory?
a. Active participation of teachers
b. Formal instructional pattern
c. Strict external discipline
d. Teacher domination of class activities
QUESTION: What philosophy of education advocates that the curriculum should only include universal and
unchanging truths?
a. Essentialism
b. Idealism
c. Perennialism
d. Pragmatism
ANSWER: Perennialism
EXPLANATION: Based on Robert Maynard Hutchkins philosophy, the focus of perennialism is to teach ideas
that are everlasting, to seek enduring truths which are constant, not changing, as the natural and human
worlds at their most essential level, do not change.
QUESTION: Which of the following is the aim of our education during the Commonwealth period?
a. Designed after Japanese education
b. Patterned after the American curriculum
c. Predominantly religious
d. Purely nationalistic and democratic
QUESTION: Which of the following is not a reason why the basic education curriculum has been restructured?
a. To become globally competitive during this industrial age
b. To be relevant and responsive to a rapidly changing world
c. To empower the Filipino learners for self- development throughout their life.
d. To help raise the achievement level of students
QUESTION: Which philosophy of education influence the singing of the National Anthem in schools?
a. Nationalism
b. Naturalism
c. Pragmatism
d. Socialism
ANSWER: Nationalism
QUESTION: Who among the following believes that learning requires disciplined attention, regular homework,
and respect for legitimate authority?
a. Essentialist
b. Progressivist
c. Realist
d. Reconstructionist
ANSWER: Essentialist
EXPLANATION: William Bagleys essentialism philosophy states that the core of the curriculum is essential
knowledge and skills and academic rigor. Essentialists accept the idea that this core curriculum may change.
chooling should be practical, preparing students to become valuable members of society. It should focus on
facts-the objective reality out there--and "the basics," training students to read, write, speak, and compute
clearly and logically. Schools should not try to set or influence policies. Students should be taught hard work,
respect for authority, and discipline.
QUESTION: Which of the following is the main function of the philosophy of education?
a. Reconsider existing educational goals in the light of society's needs
b. Provide the academic background prerequisite to learning
c. Define the goals and set the direction for which education is to strive
d. Aid the learner to build his own personal philosophy
ANSWER: Define the goals and set the direction for which education is to strive
EXPLANATION: Behind every school and every teacher is a set of related beliefs--a philosophy of education--
that influences what and how students are taught. A philosophy of education represents answers to questions
about the purpose of schooling, a teacher's role, and what should be taught and by what methods.
QUESTION: Homeroom advisers always emphasize the importance of cleanliness of the body. Children are
taught how to wash their hands before and after eating. What is this practice called?
a. Folkway
b. Laws
c. Mores
d. Social norm
QUESTION: Which curricular move served to strengthen spiritual and ethical values?
a. Integration of creative thinking in all subject
b. Introduction of Values education as a separate subject area
c. Reducing the number of subject areas into skill subject
d. Re-introducing science as a subject in Grade 1
QUESTION: The greatest happiness lies in the contemplative use of mind, said Plato. Which of the following
activities adheres to this?
a. Cooperative learning
b. Instrospection
c. Role Playing
d. Social Interaction
ANSWER: Instrospection
EXPLANATION: Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.
QUESTION: Your teacher is of the opinion that the world and everything in it are ever changing and so
teaches you the skill to cope with the changes. Which in his governing philosophy?
a. Experimentalism
b. Existentialism
c. Idealism
d. Realism
ANSWER: Experimentalism
EXPLANATION: Experimentalism believes that things are constantly changing. It is based on the view that
reality is what works right now and that goodness comes from group decisions. As a result, schools exist to
discover and expand the society we live in. Students study social experiences and solve problems.
QUESTION: Teacher Myra says: "If it is billiard that brings students out of the classroom, let us bring it into
the classroom. Perhaps, I can use it to teach Math". To which philosophy does teacher Myra adheres to?
a. Essentialism
b. Idealism
c. Progressivism
d. Reconstructionism
ANSWER: Progressivism
EXPLANATION: According to John Dewey, progressivists believe that individuality, progress, and change are
fundamental to one's education. Believing that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to
their lives, progressivists center their curricula on the needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of students.
QUESTION: Which of the following should be done to build a sense of pride among Filipino youth?
a. Replace the study of folklores and myths with technical subjects
b. Re-study our history and stress on our achievements as people
c. Re-study our history from the perspective of our colonizers
d. Set aside the study of local history
QUESTION: A teacher who subscribes to the pragmatic philosophy of education believes that experience study
should follow learning in her teaching. Which of the following does she do to support her belief?
a. Encouraging learners to memorize factual knowledge
b. Equipping learners with the basic abilities and skills
c. Providing learners opportunities to apply theories and principles
d. Requiring learners full master of the lesson.
ANSWER: Providing learners opportunities to apply theories and principles
EXPLANATION: John Deweys pragmatism s an educational philosophy that says that education should be
about life and growth. That is, teachers should be teaching students things that are practical for life and
encourage them to grow into better people.
QUESTION: Which philosophy influenced the cultivation of reflective and meditative skills in teaching?
a. Confucianism
b. Existentialism
c. Taoism
d. Zen Buddhism
QUESTION: Which of the following situation manifests a balance between teachers responsibility and
accountability?
a. She entertains her students with personal stories until the end of the period.
b. She spends most of the time on the latest gossips in showbiz.
c. She teaches as much as she could for duration of the period.
d. She teaches as well as entertains the students with per personal stories.
ANSWER: She teaches as much as she could for duration of the period.
QUESTION: Dr. Escoto, the school physician conducted a physical examination in Ms. Manuel's class. What
concept best describes the quantitative increase observed by Dr. Escoto among learners in terms of height and
weight?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
ANSWER: Development
EXPLANATION: Development happens at all stages of a person's life. There are many aspects of
development: physical, social and intellectual. The three components of development include growth,
maturation, and learning.
Growth is the physical process of development, particularly the process of becoming physically larger. It is
quantifiable.
Maturation is physical, intellectual, or emotional. Often, maturation involves two or even all three. Additionally,
it is not quantifiable, and it too is mostly influenced by genetics.
Learning is changing in response to environmental stimuli.
QUESTION: Teacher Jesus in now 69 years old has been observing changes in himself such as the aging
process. Which term refers to the development change in the individual?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
ANSWER: Maturation
EXPLANATION: Maturation is physical, intellectual, or emotional. Often, maturation involves two or even all
three. Additionally, it is not quantifiable, and it too is mostly influenced by genetics.
QUESTION: Manuel, a five-year old boy can hold his pen and write his name with his right hand. Which term
describes Manuel's action/ behavior?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
ANSWER: Development
EXPLANATION: Development happens at all stages of a person's life. There are many aspects of development:
physical, social and intellectual. The three components of development include growth, maturation, and
learning.
QUESTION: Which of the following theory can help Miss Samson determine the readiness of her learners by
administering a readiness test?
a. Conditioning Theories
b. Cognitive Development Theory
c. Maturation Theory
d. Ethological Theory
QUESTION: Mr. Francisco was very much worried about the thumb sucking of his son. A friend of him says
that certain behavior among infants. Who presented that notion that certain behavior like thumb-sucking is
normal behavior?
A. Sigmund Freud
b. Erick Ericson
c. John Bowlly
d. Urie Bronfrenbenner
QUESTION: A newborn infant moves his whole body at one time, instead of moving a part of it. Which of the
following principles is illustrated by his behavior?
a. Development proceeds from specific to general.
b. Development proceeds from general to specific.
c. Development follows an orderly pattern.
d. Development follows a general pattern.
QUESTION: Train up a child in the way he should be; when he grows up, he will not depart from it. Which
principle supports this?
a. Development is determined by his heredity
b. Development is determined by the environment
c. Early development is more critical than the late development
d. Early development is less critical than late development.
QUESTION: Which of the following statements has a very limited definition of educational technology?
a. It is a profession composed of various job categories.
b. It refers to the computers used for teaching and learning.
c. It includes audiovisual materials, interactive multimedia and self-instructional materials.
d. It is the development, application and evaluation of system, techniques and aids to improve human learning
QUESTION: Which of the following statements is correct about the domains of educational technology?
a. Design is the production stage while development is the planning stage.
b. Both the design and development are the planning stage.
c. Evaluation is synonymous with implementation.
d. Utilization is the action phase.
QUESTION: Ms. Gomez is planning to integrate technology in her Mathematics class. What would be the
logical steps in doing this?
I. Set the objectives
II. Analyze the learners
III. Utilize the materials with showmanship
IV. Evaluate the performance of the students
Answer: Analyze the learners. Set the objectives. Utilize the materials with showmanship. Evaluate the
performance of the students.
QUESTION: Which of the following is a limitation of models and real objects in teaching and learning?
a. They pose problems on storage
b. They make learning more concrete.
c. They provide hands-on learning experiences.
d. They are readily available in the environment, around school and in the home.
Answer: They pose problems on storage
QUESTION: What level has a four year old learner like Maryann reached when she acquired new skills such as
putting the same shapes and the same colors together?
a. Development
b. Maturation
c. Zone of Proximal Development
d. Learning
QUESTION: Teacher A discovered that his pupils are very good in dramatizing. Which tool must have helped
him discover his pupils strength?
A. Portfolio assessment
B. Performance test
C. Journal entry
D. Paper-and-pencil test
QUESTION: Direct instruction is for facts, rules, and actions as indirect instruction is for __________,
__________, __________.
QUESTION: Direct instruction is for facts, rules, and actions as indirect instruction is for __________,
__________, __________.
QUESTION: Teacher Y does norm-referenced interpretation of scores. Which of the following does she do?
A. She describes group performance in relation to a level of mastery set.
B. She uses a specified content as its frame of reference.
C. She compares every individual students' scores with others' scores.
D. She describes what should be their performance.
ANSWER: She compares every individual students' scores with others' scores.
EXPLANATION: Norm-referenced tests report whether test takers performed better or worse than a
hypothetical average student, which is determined by comparing scores against the performance results of a
statistically selected group of test takers, typically of the same age or grade level, who have already taken the
exam.
QUESTION: The concepts of trust vs. maturity, autonomy vs. self-doubt, and initiative vs. guilt are most
closely related with the works of __________.
A. Erikson
B. Piaget
C. Freud
D. Jung
ANSWER: Erikson
EXPLANATION: Erik Eriksons stages of psychosocial development is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory
that identifies a series of eight stages: Basic trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus self-doubt, initiative
versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation; generativity
versus stagnation, and ego integrity versus despair .
Jean Piaget introduced our stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
operational and formal operational period.
Sigmeund Freud described children as going through multiple stages of sexual development, which he labeled
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital
Carl Jung states that there are 4 stages of life, namely The Athlete, The Warrior, The Statement and The
Spirit.
ANSWER: leading
EXPLANATION: The major types of questions fall into four categories:
Managerial: questions which keep the classroom operations moving;
Rhetorical: questions used to emphasize a point or to reinforce an idea or statement;
Closed: questions used to check retention or to focus thinking on a particular point; and
Open: questions used to promote discussion or student interaction.
Questioning strategies
a. Probing questions - Series of questions which require students to go beyond the first response.
Subsequent teacher questions are formed on the basis of the student's response. (Clarifying, increasing critical
awareness, refocusing, prompting and redirecting to another student)
b. Factual questions - Questions which require the student to recall specific information s(he) has
previously learned. Often these use who, what, when, where, etc. (Simple bits of information and facts
organized into a logical order)
c. Divergent questions - Questions with no right or wrong answers, but which encourage exploration of
possibilities. Requires both concrete and abstract thinking to arrive at an appropriate response
d. Higher order questions - Questions which require students to figure out answers rather than remember
them. Requires generalizations related to facts in meaningful patterns. (Evaluation, inference, comparison,
application, and problem solving)
e. Affective questions - Questions which elicit expressions of attitude, values, or feelings of the student.
f. Structuring questions - Questions related to the setting in which learning is occurring.
QUESTION: What concept can best describes Francisco's ability to walk without a support at age of 12 months
because of the "internal ripening" that occured in his muscles, bones and nervous system development?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
ANSWER: Maturation
EXPLANATION: Maturation is physical, intellectual, or emotional. Often, maturation involves two or even all
three. Additionally, it is not quantifiable, and it too is mostly influenced by genetics.
QUESTION: Teacher H gave her first-grade class a page with a story in which pictures take the place of some
words. Which method did she use?
The Spalding philosophy is child centered, that is the physical and mental well-being of students is a primary
concern of Spalding teachers. High expectations for all children are central to the philosophy. These principles
of learning and instruction are applied throughout the spelling, writing, and reading curricula.
The whole language approach to reading instruction focuses on children making important connections
between reading and real life. Instead of phonics instruction, the WLA teaches children to memorize words.
Teachers rely heavily on a sight word vocabulary, an increasingly complex list of words that children
memorize, both in and out of context.
The Language Experience Approach (LEA) is a method for teaching literacy based on a child's existing
experience of language.
QUESTION: Each teacher is said to be a trustee of the cultural and educational heritage of the nation and is,
under obligation to transmit to learners such heritage. Which practice makes him fulfill such obligation?
A. Use the latest instructional technology.
B. Observe continuing professional education.
C. Use interactive teaching strategies.
D. Study the life of Filipino heroes.
QUESTION: Which guideline in test construction is NOT observed in this test item: Jose Rizal wrote
__________.
A. The central problem should be packed in the stem.
B. There must be only one correct answer.
C. Alternatives must have grammatical parallelism.
D. The alternates must be plausible.
QUESTION: Teacher Gs lesson objective has something to do with the skill of synthesizing? Which behavioral
term is most appropriate?
A. Test
B. Assess
C. Appraise
D. Theorize
ANSWER: Theorize
EXPLANATION: Key words for the synthesis category: blend, categorize, compile, compose, create,
design, develop, form, fuse, imagine, integrate, modify, originate, organize, plan, predict, propose, rearrange,
reconstruct, reorganize, solve, summarize, test, theorize, unite.
QUESTION: To elicit more students response, Teacher G made use of covert responses. Which one did she
NOT do?
A. She had the students write their response privately.
B. She showed the correct answers on the overhead after the students have written their responses.
C. She had the students write their responses privately then called each of them.
D. She refrained from judging on the student's responses.
ANSWER: She showed the correct answers on the overhead after the students have written their responses.
EXPLANATION: A covert response is one which cannot be seen by other people. Covert responding is variously
referred to as cognitive processing, thinking, reflecting, working it out in the head, and so on. Covert
responding includes such activities as silent reading, thinking about the material which is being read,
constructing an answer to a problem in ones mind, self-rehearsal of selected facts, and so on. An overt
response is one which can be seen or heard by others. Some writers refer to these as public responses.
QUESTION: All men are pretty much alike. It is only by custom that they are set apart, said one Oriental
philosopher. Where can this thought be most inspiring?
A. In a multi-cultural group of learners
B. In multi-cultural and heterogeneous groups of learners and indigenous peoples' group
C. In a class composed of indigenous peoples
D. In heterogeneous class of learners
ANSWER: In multi-cultural and heterogeneous groups of learners and indigenous peoples' group
QUESTION: A guest speaker in one graduation rites told his audience: Reminder, you are what you choose to
be. The guest speaker is more of a/an __________.
A. realistic
B. pragmatist
C. idealist
D. existentialist
ANSWER: existentialist
EXPLANATION: Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. It is
the view that humans define their own meaning in life, and try to make rational decisions despite existing in
an irrational universe.
QUESTION: A teacher/student is held responsible for his actions because s/he __________.
A. has instincts
B. is mature
C. has a choice
D. has reason
QUESTION: In the Preamble of the Code of Ethics of Professional Teachers, which is NOT said of teachers?
A. LET passers
B. Duly licensed professionals
C. Possess dignity and reputation
D. With high-moral values as well as technical and professional competence
QUESTION: I drew learners into several content areas and encouraged them to solve a complex question for
inter-disciplinary teaching. Which strategy did I use?
A. Problem-centered learning
B. Unit method
C. Reading-writing activity
D. Thematic instruction
QUESTION: With which goals of educational institutions as provided for by the Constitution is the development
of work skills aligned?
QUESTION: Teacher A knows of the illegal activities of a neighbor but keeps quiet in order not to be involved
in any investigation. Which foundational principle of morality does Teacher A fail to apply?
QUESTION: I combined several subject areas in order to focus on a single concept for inter-disciplinary
teaching. Which strategy/method did I use?
A. Problem-entered learning
B. Thematic instruction
C. Reading-writing activity
D. Unit method
QUESTION: Which method has been proven to be effective in courses that stress acquisition of knowledge?
A. Socratic method
B. Cooperative learning
C. Mastery learning
D. Indirect instruction
Socratic method, also known as maieutics, method of elenchus, elenctic method, or Socratic debate, is a form
of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to
stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presumptions.
Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different
levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject.
Indirect Instruction is a teaching approach that is. STUDENT-CENTERED. Indirect Instruction is based on the
higher levels of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains which include. ANALYZING, EVALUATING, AND
CREATING
QUESTION: Which state of the psycho-sexual theory does young boys experience rivalry with their father for
their mother's attention and affection?
a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic
d. Latency
ANSWER: Phallic
EXPLANATION: In the phallic stage (3 to 6 years old), begin to discover the differences between males and
females. A boy's decisive psychosexual experience is the Oedipus complex, his sonfather competition for
possession of mother. However, the child also fears that he will be punished by the father for these feelings, a
fear Freud termed castration anxiety.